关于英语的基本常识

第零章关于英语的基本常识
1 构成英语的基本单位——字母（书写非常重要）
A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
F f
G g
H h
I i
J j
K k
L l
M m
N n
O o
P p
Q q
R r
S s
T t
U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
2 英语的词汇
总词汇量99万常用词汇量8-11万日常生活用语2000左右SAT/GRE 12000以上四级/六级4000/6000
高考3000 – 1783核心词汇
3 英语的语法
关于词性
名词(n.) 表示人或事物的名称的词
动词(v.) 表示动作和状态的词
形容词(adj.) 表示人或事物的特征的词
副词(adv.) 修饰动词、形容词和副词的词
连词(conj.) 连接词/短语/句子与词/短语/句子
介词(prep.) 表示名词和代词与其他词的关系
代词(pron.) 是代替名词、形容词和数词的词
冠词(art.) 与名词连用，起说明人或事物的作用
数词(num.) 表示数量和顺序的词
感叹词(int.) 表示说话人感情或语气的词
关于时态—16种时态/7种重要时态
一般状态进行状态完成状态完成进行状态过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时
与中文的差异
所有格-’s He is Fred’s best friend.
动词第三人称单数-s Fred works.
过去时-ed Fred worked.
现在分词/进行时-ing Fred is working.
过去分词-en The car was stolen.
动名词-ing Working is good for us.
复数-s Fred has two blue pens.
比较级-er Fred is smarter than Rick.
最高级-est Fred has the fastest car.
要求：所有课内提到的单词、短语、句型必须认识
第一章简单句的基本认知
什么是句子What is a sentence?
一组词a group of words
有完整含义complete idea
有主语person or thing + does or is something
有动词what the subject does or is
例：one apple and one banana 是短语，不是句子
例句
I understand English.
My friend reads quickly.
That cat is black.
结论：主语往往在句子的开头部分，动词往往跟在主语的后面
注意
所有句子都要以大写字母开始
陈述句以句号“.”结尾；疑问句以问号“?”结尾；感叹句以叹号“!”结尾 在英语的句子中，严禁逗号连接两个句子
练习：找出错误
That cat is black and white 缺句号That cat is black and white.
that cat is black and white. 没大写T hat cat is black and white.
Is black and white. 没主语XXX is black and white.
That cat black and white. 没动词That cat is black and white.
Is black and white that cat. 顺序混乱That cat is black and white.
练习：找出主语和动词
My last name has five letters.
My last name is Adams.
My first name is Ann.
My first name has three letters.
I come from Canada.
My family and I live in Vancouver.
I like watermelons, apples, bananas, and oranges.
A watermelon is green and red.
Lemons are yellow.
My favorite food is salad.
练习：谈谈你自己
My first name is Ran.
My last name is Tao.
I am 42 years old.
My family and I live in Beijing.
My favorite food is dumplings.
My favorite color is blue.
My favorite activity is teaching.
练习：组合句子
this a bird is animal– This animal is a bird.
a is parrot it – It is a parrot.
this colors five has parrot – This parrot has five colors. the red head and is white – The head is red and white. bird this beautiful is very– This bird is very beautiful. it smart very is– It is very smart.
can parrot this talk – This parrot can talk.。