【教育资料】18-19 Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词作定语和表语学习精品

Section Ⅲ Grammar ——过去分词作定语
和表语
[语 境 自 主 领 悟]
一、过去分词作定语 1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。

(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers 浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳 2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

A watched pot never boils. [谚语]心急锅不开。

The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。

3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。

The bridge built in 2019 was designed by a local company.2019年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。

4．三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
昨天开的会很重要。

All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.
所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。

It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.
据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。

[即时演练1]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．Some of the people invited (invite) to the party can't come.
【导学号：88982019】2．The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner. 3．The trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
二、过去分词作表语
1．意义
位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。

She looks disappointed.
她看上去很失望。

We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。

2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。

The cup is broken.
杯子破了。

(系表结构)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打破的。

(被动语态)
3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。

The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。

[即时演练2]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
4．I was too tired (tire) to walk any further.
5．When he heard the moving (move) story, he was deeply moved (move)．6．Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.
[语法应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Both he and I are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.
2．This is the statue of a brave soldier seated (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back. 3．The cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in Shanghai.
4．The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
5．The police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage) car.
6．The news was exciting (excite) and they were all excited (excite) at it.
7．We all felt encouraged (encourage) at the encouraging (encourage) news. 8．George telephoned a man calling (call) himself Peter.
9．The new booksbeing printed (print) in the factory at the moment are mainly intended for children.
10．The young man, tired (tire) of working for others, is determined to start his own firm.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．There is a car parking outside the house.parking→parked
2．I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall asleep.tiring→tired
3．I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.taking→taken 4．For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit growing on his own farm.growing→grown
5．Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.interested→interesting。