高考英语一轮复习学案2：Unit 1 Art精品学案

Unit 1 Art
1．abstract(adj.)抽象的；深奥的
(n.)摘要
2．aim(n.)目标；目的
(vi.& vt.)瞄准；(向某方向)努力
3．adopt(vt.)采用；采纳；收养
4．attempt(n.)努力；尝试；企图
(vt.)尝试；企图
5．specific(adj.)确切的；特定的
6．exhibition(n.)展览；陈列；展览会
7．appeal(vi.)有感染力；呼吁；求助
(vt.)将……上诉
(n.)呼吁；恳求
8．reputation(n.)名声；名誉
9．faith(n.)信任；信心；信念→faithful(adj.)忠实的，守信的→faithfully(adv.)忠实地10．typical(adj.)典型的；有代表性的→type(n.)类型；典型
11．possess(vt.)拥有；具有；支配→possession(n.)(尤作复数)所有；财产
12．coincidence(n.)巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident(adj.)同时发生的；同一时间发生的
13．predict(vt.)预言；预告；预测→prediction(n.)预言→predictor(n.)预言者
14．preference(n.)喜爱；偏爱→prefer(v.)喜爱；偏爱
15．civilization(n.)文明；文化；文明社会→civilize(v.)使文明；使开化
16．visual(adj.)视觉的；看得见的→vision(n.)视力；视野
1．concentrate...on集中……于
2．a_great_deal大量
3．on_the_other_hand另一方面
4．in_the_flesh活着的；本人
5．be_allergic_to对……过敏
6．lead_to导致
7．scores_of许多
8．appeal_to对……有吸引力
9．by_coincidence巧合地
10．break_away_from挣脱；脱离
1．At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。

名师指津：what we call “modern art”从句作介词of的宾语。

例句仿写：经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。

After many days’ voyage，they arrived in what_is_called_America_now.
2．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。

名师指津：表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子完全倒装。

例句仿写：我注意到，体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等待贵宾的到来。

I notice that in front of the stadium stand/are_standing_many_students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.
3．Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。

名师指津：现在分词短语作结果状语。

例句仿写：南方的大雨造成了多个省份的洪灾。

It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces.
4．By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。

名师指津：非限制性定语从句对前面的整个句子进行限定。

例句仿写：她说她在摄影比赛中获得了一等奖，对此我深感怀疑。

She said she won the first prize in the photo competition ，which_I_doubted_very_much. 5．Without the new paints and the new technique ，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。

名师指津：without 引导含蓄虚拟条件句。

例句仿写：没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。

Without your timely help ，I couldn’t _have_finished the work on time.
aim n ．瞄准；目标，目的；v .瞄准，对准，旨在
(2013·重庆卷完形填空)Also ，in the process ，you may aim for clear goals ，like a new personal running record or a better body shape.在这个过程中，你有可能会设定明确的目标，比如一个新的个人跑步纪录或者一个更好的体形。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ with the aim of 以期……，意在……achieve one’s aim 达到目的
take aim at 向……瞄准
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ aim at doing sth.力争做到aim to do sth.旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj .无目的的
①(牛津P 42)Teamwork is required in order to achieve_these_aims.要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。

②Then a discussion will be held ，aiming to improve understanding.然后，将举行一个讨论，旨在增进理解。

③This activity is_aimed_at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。

possession n ．占有，拥有，所有；所有物，财产，财富(pl .)
(陕西高考)Technical progress would put our firm in possession of the home market.科技的进步使我们公司占有了国内市场。

(1)be in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物
be in the posses sion of sb./be in one’s possession
为某人所有；归某人所有
(2)have possession of 拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来)
take possession of 占领；夺取
come into possession 占有某物
(3)possess vt .拥有；具有；支配
possess sb.of 使某人拥有
be possessed of 有；拥有
①Having been cheated by that company ，he lost_all_his_possessions.被那家公司所骗，他失去了所有的财产。

②—Does the young man standing there have possession of the company?
——站在那儿的那个年轻人拥有这个公司吗？
—No.The company is in_the_possession_of his father.
——不，他父亲拥有这个公司。

③(2013·天津卷阅读理解)It’s not wishing for what we don’t have but enjoying what we d o possess.
它不渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受已经拥有的东西。

appeal vi .有感染力；呼吁；求助；vt .将……上诉；n .呼吁；恳求
(牛津P 79)The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。

(1)appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.向某人呼吁/恳求……
appeal for 恳求，呼吁
(2)make an appeal to sb.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
for sth.为……向某人呼吁或请求to do sth.恳求/呼吁某人做某事 ①—How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
——你觉得尼克昨天晚上的表演怎么样？
—To be honest ，his singing didn’t appeal_to_me much.
——说实话，他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。

②We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation ，instead of appealing to arms. 我们主张通过协商解决国际争端，而不主张诉诸武力。

attempt n ．努力；尝试；企图；vt .尝试，企图
(牛津P 110)I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧ attempt ＋n ./pron .尝试……attempt to do/at doing 尝试试图做某事 (3)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
attempted adj .未遂的attempted murder 谋杀未遂 ①The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。

②I’ve attempted to convince her ，but in vain.
＝I’ve made_an_attempt_to convince her/at convincing her ，but in vain.我试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。

figure n ．画像；人物；身材；体形；数字；v .估计；计算；认为
(2013·北京卷阅读理解)Being a public figure today ，however ，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.
然而，今天作为一个公众人物比以前要难多了。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ keep one’s figure 保持体形a political figure 一位政治人物watch one’s figure 注意保持身材have a good figure 身材好
(2)figure out 理解，想出
①Every woman wants a slim figure these days ，especially here in Canada.
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此。

②She does exercise every morning to keep_her_figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。

③(朗文P 759)I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure_out what they were saying. 我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。

Ⅰ.完成句子
1．______________________________(熬夜是学生的典型特点) reading till late night before the final exam.
2．I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and______________ ______________(制定具体的规则) against such behaviour.
3．Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it__________________________(第一次尝试)．
4．The young couple decided to____________________(收养两个无家可归的男孩) though they had three of their own.
5．____________________(显而易见) the policy was a failure；nothing had changed at all.
6．This anti-smoking campaign______________________(主要针对) young teenagers.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The boss takes________possession of most of the company’s shares，and the rest are in________possession of its workers.
A．/；a B．/；the
C．the；the D．the；a
2．(2014·泉州五中高三质检)It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we________right now.
A．take B．bring
C．possess D．lose
3．(2013·绵阳二诊)—Did the speaker say anything that ________you especially?
—Not really.Actually I slept through his speech.
A．adapted to B．took up
C．broke down D．appealed to
4．(2014·温州十校联考)The local government has taken some effective measures，________at cutting down the cost during the tough economy.
A．pointing B．approving
C．managing D．aiming
5．(2014·皖南八校一次联考)—Have you heard that George quit his job?
—Yeah，but I can’t________why he did so.
A．put out B．figure out
C．carry out D．send out
6．Charlie made a(n)________to apologize for what he had done，but his classmates wouldn’t even talk to him.
A．promise B．progress
C．attempt D．reputation
on the other hand(可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)
(2012·江西书面表达)On the other hand，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
另一方面，他们能丰富我的生活并且给我提供极大的乐趣。

(1)on (the) one hand...，on the other hand...(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)一方面……，另一方面(却)……
(2)first(ly)．..；second(ly)．..第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...，for another...一则……，二则……
①Many college graduates are out of work now，but on_the_other_hand，they won’t take jobs that do not pay much.现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。

②I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the colour，and for_another it’s far too expensive.
我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。

③To improve your English，firstly，you should listen more；secondly，you should read more.为了提高你的英语水平，第一，你应该多听；第二，你应该多读。

a great deal许多；大量
教材原句P2：In the late 19th century，Europe changed a great deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。

(1)a great deal (名词短语)“大量，许多”，作主语，宾语。

(2)a great deal (副词短语)“大量地，非常多地”，修饰动词或比较级。

(3)a great deal of修饰不可数名词表示“大量的，非常多的”。

①(朗文P516)He knows a great deal more about computers than I do.他的计算机知识比我丰富得多。

②Joan passed her exam，which surprised me a_great_deal.
琼通过了考试，这让我很惊讶。

③A_great_deal_of_money has been spent in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week.
自上周以来，挽救被困矿工的生命已花费了大量金钱。

常用于修饰比较级的词还有much，far，rather，a lot，a little，a bit，even，still，by far(常用于比较级之后)，any。

④After two years’ research，we now have a far better understanding of the disease.
经过两年的研究，现在我们对这种疾病有了更进一步的了解。

Ⅰ.选词填空
on the one hand...on the other hand；a great deal of；in the flesh；by coincidence；concentrate on；as a consequence
1．____________________，Mary and Jim were going to Beijing on the same train.
2．Lucy won’t go hiking with us.____________________，she is not feeling well；____________________，she doesn’t like outdoor sports.
3．This is a difficult project because it requires__________________time and energy.
4．My father smokes heavily；____________________，he coughs frequently.
5．The fans were very excited for they saw the superstar____________________at the theatre.
6．A person who constantly watches the clock can never ____________________his work.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．Scientists and doctors across the world have done________research over the years，hoping to find a cure for cancer.
A．a great deal of B．a good many
C．quite a few D．a large number of
2．I recognized her as soon as I met her at the airport though we hadn’t seen each other for ages and she had changed________.
A．a large amount B．a great many
C．a great deal D．a lot of
3．The young teacher wants to help his students as much as he can，but________，he’d better help them learn on their own.
A．for one thing B．as usual
C．in other words D．on the other hand
By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。

本句为复合句，含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的整个句子进行限定。

①Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.
海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿了好得多，这一点当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒他。

②He was late for the opening ceremony，which_was_very_surprising to me.他开幕式迟到了，这使我非常吃惊。

Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。

leaving...people为现在分词短语作结果状语。

①The glass dropped onto the floor，breaking into pieces.
玻璃杯掉到了地板上，摔成了碎片。

②Her parents died in the earthquake，leaving_her_an_orphan.
她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。

only to do sth.表示令人失望或出乎预料的结果。

③He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.
他匆忙去了车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。

Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。

(1)本句结构为“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”为倒装句式，正常语序为The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
①Just in front of the bus lies an injured old man all covered with blood.在公共汽车的前面躺着一位受伤的老人，浑身是血。

②Into the dark apartment walked_David，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。

③They arrived at an old church，in_front_of_which stood a big crowd of people.
他们到达了一个古老的教堂，前面有很多的人群。

(2)作表语的形容词、分词提到系动词前面时，句子也要全部倒装，构成“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。

④Present at the evening party was our favorable English teacher.
出席晚会的有我们喜欢的英语老师。

Ⅰ.完成句子
1．In a lecture hall of a university in England______________________(坐着一位教授)．2．She kept telling her father to pay attention to his own health，____________________________________(根本不起作用)．
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·皖南八校第二次联考)Hurricane Sandy，one of the biggest storms ever，hit the East Coast of the US on Oct.29，________transportation.
A．shutting down B．to shut down
C．shut down D．to have shut down
2．(2014·河北石家庄一模)—We have to stop talking here outside.Listen，________！
—Hurry up，or we’ll be late.
A．there goes the bell B．there does the bell go
C．there the bell goes D．goes the bell there
3．(2013·陕西五校三模)Just in front of our house________with a history of 1,000 years.
A．does a tall tree stand B．stands a tall tree
C．a tall tree is standing D．a tall tree stands
4．(2014·河南开封高三第一次模拟)He is always very rude，________is why people tend to avoid him.
A．that B．it
C．this D．which
typical adj.典型的；有代表性的
be typical of是典型的……；是……的特点
It is typical of sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的特点；某人一向如此(做某事)
It is typical of him to keep others waiting for him.
让别人等他是他典型的特征。

specific adj.确切的；特定的
be specific to特有的；独特的
I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and make specific rules against such behaviour.
我想知道是否学校可以在周围放置更多的垃圾箱且对这样的行为制定具体的规则来防范。

evident adj.明显的；明白的
It is/was evident that...很明显……
It is evident that China is playing an important role in the International affairs.
显而易见中国在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。

adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养
(1)adopt an approach/suggestion采用方法/采纳建议
(2)adoption n．收养；采取
adopted adj.领养的
In the meeting，all the workers agreed to adopt a new approach to reform the factory.
会议中所有员工都同意采纳新方法来改革工厂。

【写作素材】
1．尽管我不是传统艺术的专家，我甚至不知道他们都使用了什么技巧。

2．但是这个展览很吸引我。

3．我去了画廊，欣赏了很多雕塑和绘画。

4．国画，中国文化的一朵奇葩，以其独特的神韵(spirit)和风格(style)而著称。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

【连句成篇】
Though I’m not a speciali st in conventional art and I even don’t know the techniques they used，the exhibition appealed to me.I went to the gallery and appreciated many sculptures and paintings.Chinese painting，a precious flower of Chinese culture，is distinguished by its own spirit and style.
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
1．(2013·皖南八校第二次联考)________here yesterday，he could have seen Jackie Chen.
A．If Bob has come B．If Bob came
C．Had Bob come D．If Bob should come
2．(2013·安徽淮北二模)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour，or I________you waiting for so long.
A．had not kept B．would not have kept
C．would not keep D．didn’t keep
3．(2014·合肥一模)We’re still at the airport.If it weren’t for the delayed flight，we________the concert right now.
A．can be enjoying B．must have enjoyed
C．would be enjoying D．should have enjoyed
4．(2014·陕西重点中学高三联考)________you require anything else，please ring the bell for the attendant.
A．Will B．May
C．Should D．Need
5．(2014·江西八校联考)If there hadn’t been so much smog in Beijing，we________the beautiful scenery acr oss the Tian’anmen Square.
A．enjoyed B．would have enjoyed
C．had enjoyed D．would enjoy
——★参考答案★——
Ⅰ.
1．It is typical of students to stay up
2．make specific rules
3．at her first attempt
4．adopt two homeless boys
5．It was evident that
6．is mainly aimed at
Ⅱ.
1．
『答案』B
『解析』take possession of sth.和in the possession of sb.均为固定搭配，分别意为“占有某物”和“被某人占有”。

2．
『答案』C
『解析』句意为：好像我们更重视想得到的东西而不是现在拥有的东西。

possess拥有，占有，符合题意。

take带走；bring带来，造成；lose失去。

3．
『答案』D
『解析』考查动词短语辨析。

句意为：——演讲者有没有说什么特别吸引你的东西？——没有。

事实上他演讲时我自始至终都在睡觉。

adapt to适应，适合；take up占据；break down分解，出故障；appeal to吸引。

根据句意可知D项正确。

4．
『答案』D
『解析』句意为：当地政府已经采取了一些有效措施，目的是在经济困难时期减少开销。

aim at意为“以……为目的”，aiming at...在此作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句。

5．
『答案』B
『解析』考查动词短语辨析。

put out熄灭，出版；figure out弄明白；carry out贯彻，执行；send out发出，长出。

答句意为“是的，但是我不明白他为什么要辞掉工作”。

6．
『答案』C
『解析』make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事，符合语境。

make a promise做出承诺；make progress取得进展；make a reputation树立声誉。

Ⅰ.
1．By coincidence
2．On the one hand；on the other hand
3．a great deal of
4．as a consequence
5．in the flesh
6．concentrate on
Ⅱ.
1．
『答案』A
『解析』考查短语辨析。

句意为：这些年来，世界各地的科学家和医生们进行了大量的研究，希望能找到治疗癌症的办法。

research为不可数名词，选项中只有a great deal of可修饰不可数名词；其它选项只能修饰可数名词复数。

2．
『答案』C
『解析』a great deal意为“大量，许多”，可作状语，用于修饰动词、形容词和副词。

句意为：虽然我们很久没有见面，但我在机场一见到她就认出她来了，她变化很大。

其余选项不可作状语修饰动词。

3．
『答案』D
『解析』on the other hand另一方面，由but一词可知此处表示转折。

for one thing一方面；as usual通常；in other words换句话说。

Ⅰ.
1．sits a professor
2．w hich didn’t help at all
Ⅱ.
1．
『答案』A
『解析』考查非谓语动词。

由语境可知，飓风桑迪的到来，导致美国东海岸交通瘫痪。

句子主语为Hurricane Sandy，谓语动词为hit，此处用shutting down作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。

2．
『解析』句意为：——我们得停止在外面说话了。

听，铃响了！——快点，否则我们要迟到了。

here/there位于句首且主语是名词(短语)时，句子要全部倒装：Here/There＋谓语动词＋主语。

注意主语为代词时句子不倒装，语序为：Here/There＋主语＋谓语动词，如：Here you are.
3．
『答案』B
『解析』句意为：就在我们的房子前面有一棵一千年历史的大树。

考查倒装句。

表方位的副词或介词短语置于句首且主语为名词(短语)时，句子的主谓需全部倒装。

4．
『答案』D
『解析』句意为：他总是很粗鲁，这就是人们往往躲着他的原因。

which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整句话的内容。

1．
『答案』C
『解析』考查虚拟语气和倒装句。

句意为：如果Bob昨天来这里的话，就会见到成龙。

由yesterday可知，if虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，因此谓语动词为had done；当if省略时，该句had提前用倒装语序。

2．
『答案』B
『解析』考查虚拟语气。

句意为：我陷在交通阻塞里一个多小时，否则我不会让你等那么长时间的。

根据was可知是过去发生的事情，根据or可知，是对过去的虚拟假设。

“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的虚拟假设。

3．
『答案』C
『解析』考查虚拟语气。

由主句中的right now可知此处是与现在正在进行的事实相反，故所填部分用“would＋be＋v.­ing”，选C项。

4．
『答案』C
『解析』考查虚拟语气。

句意为：一旦你有任何其他需要，请按铃找服务员。

这是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句，原句应该是If you should require anything else，If省略后要把should 提前。

5．
『解析』考查虚拟语气。

句意为：要不是北京有这么多雾，我们就可以好好欣赏一下天安门广场的美景了。

根据从句中的“hadn’t been”可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此主句应用“would＋have done”的形式。

Unit 1 Art
1．abstract(adj.)抽象的；深奥的
(n.)摘要
2．aim(n.)目标；目的
(vi.& vt.)瞄准；(向某方向)努力
3．adopt(vt.)采用；采纳；收养
4．attempt(n.)努力；尝试；企图
(vt.)尝试；企图
5．specific(adj.)确切的；特定的
6．exhibition(n.)展览；陈列；展览会
7．appeal(vi.)有感染力；呼吁；求助
(vt.)将……上诉
(n.)呼吁；恳求
8．reputation(n.)名声；名誉
9．faith(n.)信任；信心；信念→faithful(adj.)忠实的，守信的→faithfully(adv.)忠实地10．typical(adj.)典型的；有代表性的→type(n.)类型；典型
11．possess(vt.)拥有；具有；支配→possession(n.)(尤作复数)所有；财产
12．coincidence(n.)巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident(adj.)同时发生的；同一时间发生的
13．predict(vt.)预言；预告；预测→prediction(n.)预言→predictor(n.)预言者
14．preference(n.)喜爱；偏爱→prefer(v.)喜爱；偏爱
15．civilization(n.)文明；文化；文明社会→civilize(v.)使文明；使开化
16．visual(adj.)视觉的；看得见的→vision(n.)视力；视野
1．concentrate...on集中……于
2．a_great_deal大量
3．on_the_other_hand另一方面
4．in_the_flesh活着的；本人
5．be_allergic_to对……过敏
6．lead_to导致
7．scores_of许多
8．appeal_to对……有吸引力
9．by_coincidence巧合地
10．break_away_from挣脱；脱离
1．At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”．
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。

名师指津：what we call “modern art”从句作介词of的宾语。

例句仿写：经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。

After many days’ voyage，they arrived in what_is_called_America_now.
2．Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。

名师指津：表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子完全倒装。

例句仿写：我注意到，体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等待贵宾的到来。

I notice that in front of the stadium stand/are_standing_many_students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.
3．Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。

名师指津：现在分词短语作结果状语。

例句仿写：南方的大雨造成了多个省份的洪灾。

It rained heavily in the south ，causing serious flooding in several provinces.
4．By coincidence ，oil paints were also developed at this time ，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.
巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。

名师指津：非限制性定语从句对前面的整个句子进行限定。

例句仿写：她说她在摄影比赛中获得了一等奖，对此我深感怀疑。

She said she won the first prize in the photo competition ，which_I_doubted_very_much. 5．Without the new paints and the new technique ，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。

名师指津：without 引导含蓄虚拟条件句。

例句仿写：没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。

Without your timely help ，I couldn’t _have_finished the work on time.
aim n ．瞄准；目标，目的；v .瞄准，对准，旨在
(2013·重庆卷完形填空)Also ，in the process ，you may aim for clear goals ，like a new personal running record or a better body shape.在这个过程中，你有可能会设定明确的目标，比如一个新的个人跑步纪录或者一个更好的体形。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
with the aim of 以期……，意在……achieve one’s aim 达到目的take aim at 向……瞄准
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
aim at doing sth.力争做到aim to do sth.旨在做某事be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj .无目的的
①(牛津P 42)Teamwork is required in order to achieve_these_aims.要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。

②Then a discussion will be held ，aiming to improve understanding.然后，将举行一个讨论，旨在增进理解。

③This activity is_aimed_at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。

possession n ．占有，拥有，所有；所有物，财产，财富(pl .)
(陕西高考)Technical progress would put our firm in possession of the home market.科技的进步使我们公司占有了国内市场。

(1)be in possession of sth.拥有/占有某物 be in the posses sion of sb./be in one’s possession 为某人所有；归某人所有
(2)have possession of 拥有(指买来或从别人那里拿来) take possession of 占领；夺取 come into possession 占有某物 (3)possess vt .拥有；具有；支配 possess sb.of 使某人拥有 be possessed of 有；拥有
①Having been cheated by that company ，he lost_all_his_possessions.被那家公司所骗，他失去了所有的财产。

②—Does the young man standing there have possession of the company? ——站在那儿的那个年轻人拥有这个公司吗？ —No.The company is in_the_possession_of his father. ——不，他父亲拥有这个公司。

③(2013·天津卷阅读理解)It’s not wishing for what we don’t have but enjoying what we d o possess.
它不渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受已经拥有的东西。

appeal vi .有感染力；呼吁；求助；vt .将……上诉；n .呼吁；恳求
(牛津P 79)The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。

(1)appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣 appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.向某人呼吁/恳求…… appeal for 恳求，呼吁
(2)make an appeal to sb.⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
for sth.为……向某人呼吁或请求to do sth.恳求/呼吁某人做某事
①—How did you like Nick’s performance last night? ——你觉得尼克昨天晚上的表演怎么样？
—To be honest ，his singing didn’t appeal_to_me much. ——说实话，他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。

②We advocate solving international dispute by negotiation ，instead of appealing to arms. 我们主张通过协商解决国际争端，而不主张诉诸武力。

attempt n ．努力；尝试；企图；vt .尝试，企图 (牛津P 110)I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 (2)⎩⎪⎨
⎪⎧
attempt ＋n ./pron .尝试……attempt to do/at doing 尝试试图做某事
(3)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
attempted adj .未遂的attempted murder 谋杀未遂 ①The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。

②I’ve attempted to convince her ，but in vain.
＝I’ve made_an_attempt_to convince her/at convincing her ，but in vain.我试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。

figure n ．画像；人物；身材；体形；数字；v .估计；计算；认为
(2013·北京卷阅读理解)Being a public figure today ，however ，is a lot more difficult than it used to be.
然而，今天作为一个公众人物比以前要难多了。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
keep one’s figure 保持体形a political figure 一位政治人物watch one’s figure 注意保持身材have a good figure 身材好
(2)figure out 理解，想出
①Every woman wants a slim figure these days ，especially here in Canada. 如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此。

②She does exercise every morning to keep_her_figure. 她每天早上做运动以保持体形。

③(朗文P 759)I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure_out what they were saying. 我能听见他们在说话，但就是听不清他们在说什么。

Ⅰ.完成句子
1．______________________________(熬夜是学生的典型特点) reading till late night before the final exam.
2．I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and______________
______________(制定具体的规则) against such behaviour.
3．Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it__________________________(第一次尝试)．
4．The young couple decided to____________________(收养两个无家可归的男孩) though they had three of their own.
5．____________________(显而易见) the policy was a failure；nothing had changed at all.
6．This anti-smoking campaign______________________(主要针对) young teenagers.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．The boss takes________possession of most of the company’s shares，and the rest are in________possession of its workers.
A．/；a B．/；the
C．the；the D．the；a
2．(2014·泉州五中高三质检)It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we________right now.
A．take B．bring
C．possess D．lose
3．(2013·绵阳二诊)—Did the speaker say anything that ________you especially?
—Not really.Actually I slept through his speech.
A．adapted to B．took up
C．broke down D．appealed to
4．(2014·温州十校联考)The local government has taken some effective measures，________at cutting down the cost during the tough economy.
A．pointing B．approving
C．managing D．aiming
5．(2014·皖南八校一次联考)—Have you heard that George quit his job?
—Yeah，but I can’t________why he did so.
A．put out B．figure out
C．carry out D．send out
6．Charlie made a(n)________to apologize for what he had done，but his classmates wouldn’t even talk to him.
A．promise B．progress
C．attempt D．reputation
on the other hand(可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)。