北京科技大学2014年《244俄语(二外)》考研专业课真题试卷
北京航空航天大学外国语学院244德语二外历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2015年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2014年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2013年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2012年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2011年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2010年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2009年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2008年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2007年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2006年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2005年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2004年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题2003年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题2015年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解I. Wählen Sie die richtige Lösung. (25 Punkte insgesamt, 1 Punkt für jede Frage)1.Diesen Fehler sollen Sie _____ wiederholen.A. auf jeden FallB. in diesem FallC. auf keinen FallD. im anderen Fall2. Wann geht deine Arbeit _____? Wir möchten mit dir über unsere Reise sprechen.A. am Ende B. zu Ende C. zum SchlussD. am SchlussC【答案】句意：这个错误你无论如何都不应该再犯了。
auf keinen Fall 意为“任何情况都不”。
故选项C 正确。
【解析】B【答案】3. Mein Freund arbeitet in einem Supermarkt. Er verdient _____ Stunde 10 Euro.A. pro B. für C. zu D. mit【解析】句意：我的朋友在一家超市工作，他的工资是每小时10欧元。
2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士二外俄语考研真题,考研经验
北京外国语大学考研育明教育孙老师整理，更多信息可以咨询育明教育孙老师。
政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
但对于想考名校的朋友，如果期望考到75分左右的高分，你们就需要仔细做选择题，认真地理解重点了。
政治在2010年，大纲作了大幅修订，有了如今大纲的基本结构。
总体上来说，考研政治降低了专业难度，给没怎么学习过政治专业知识的同学越来越多的机会。
政治总分100分，50分客观选择，50分主观简答。
先说主观题，一共5道大题，分别对应政治的五个部分，考点很难预料，但是实际能得到分数不少。
感觉上，只要你能紧贴题目的意思写上两百来字言之成理的话，25分应当毫无悬念。
这里需要说明，考北京区的朋友（北京是最大的旱区，所以主观答题都会被压分），你们政治的主观题大部分都在30上下，33分以上属于个别现象。
在一些竞争相对没那么激烈的地区，主观题的分数会高得多。
所以主观题不但出题点难以控制，可操作性也不强。
相对而言，客观选择题可控性很强，是我们在政治科目的主要精力所在。
【辅导材料选择】目前，考研政治的辅导书最好还是选择肖秀荣老师的一系列书。
我曾对比过几本市面上的不同类别的政治辅导材料，无论是从内容与考研的契合度还是从认真负责的态度来讲，肖老师的都是我见到的书中最好的。
肖老师每年都会在网上提供免费的访谈资料，介绍他对考生的复习建议。
肖老师的微博也每天都为广大考研学子开放，我就在上面问过问题，得到了肖老师的回复。
不过到10月之后，老师会很忙，所以有问题要早问。
政治这门课，大纲极其复杂，内容信息量极大，而考试常考的内容大约只占大纲内容的3成。
所以政治辅导书是很必要的，可以为你找到重点、理清脉络、节省时间。
A：一本纲领性的大纲解析政治学习没有课本（大学里的五本政治书，切不可作为复习纲要），所以主要的复习就靠大纲解析。
推荐1：《考试大纲解析》教育部考试中心每年考试前都会编写该书（这几年都是9月中旬上市），一般为红色，故又称红宝书，这是最正宗的大纲解析，是政治科目命题的直接蓝本。
中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2012年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解2013年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解2014年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解2015年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解2016年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解2012年中国传媒大学外国语学院245二外俄语考研真题及详解一、填上适当的前置词，并将括号里的词或词组变成适当形式。
（20分）1．______ (первый день. он ничего не сказал о Вере Михайловне).【答案】В первый день2．Твоё пальто висит ______ (дверь).【答案】за дверью3．Рано утром ______ (моё окно. начинают петь птицы).【答案】за моим окном4．______ (все студенты) есть русско-китайский словарь.【答案】У всех студентов5．Дождь продолжался ______ (раннее утро).【答案】до раннего утра6．Собака бежала ______ (хозяин).【答案】к хозяину7．Антона сейчас нет в Москве. Он уехал в командировку ______ (тридня).【答案】на три дня8．______ (экзамены) студенты уезжают домой на каникулы.【答案】После экзаменов9．Мы вернулись ______ (он. поздно0.【答案】к нему10．Самолёт летел ______ (город).【答案】в город11．______ (Будущий месяц) у студентов начинаются экзамены.【答案】В будущем месяце12．У него плохо ______ (сердце).【答案】с сердцем13．Молодые люди гуляли ______ (берег реки).【答案】по берегу реки14．______ (передача) по радио мы узнали последние новости.【答案】Из передачи15．Наша столовая открыта ______ (час) ______ (семь утра)【答案】с часу до семи утра16．______ (сколько времени. начинается занятие ______ (русскийязык)?【答案】Во сколько времени, по русскому языку17．В воскресенье мать бегает ______ (магазины) ______ (продукты).【答案】по магазинам, за продуктами二、选择正确的答案。
2013-2014年北京科技大学243日语(二外)考研真题试题试卷汇编
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A あります B います C おきます D しまいます 7、来週東京に出張することに＿＿＿＿＿。 A した B なった C いた D みた 8、日本へ＿＿＿＿前に、日本語を勉強しておいたほうがいいです。 A 行く B 行って C 行った D 行け 9、彼はアメリカへ行った＿＿＿があります。 A もの Bの C こと D ところ 10、この問題は難し＿＿＿＿です。 A そう B よう C みたい D らしい 11、作家の夏目漱石を＿＿＿＿か。 A 知ります B 知っています C 知りました D 知ってです 12、李さんにプレゼントを買って＿＿＿＿のに、感謝してくれません。 A もらった B くれた C あげた D いた 13、天気予報に＿＿＿＿、明日は雨が降るそうだ。 A みれば B よれば C すれば D いえば 14、この仕事は彼＿＿＿できません。 A ばかり B ほど C しか D だけ 15、春になる＿＿＿、桜の花が咲きます。 A たら Bば C なら Dと 五、次の各文の内容を最もよく表しているものをそれぞれ A、B、C、D の中か ら最も適当なものを一つだけ選びなさい。 （各 1 点、共 5 点） 文章 1 人間には、 わからないことや知らないことがあって当然である。ただわたし のわからないことや知らないことは、 世間では常識的なことが多いように思う。 だから、それが皆が知っていることだということがわかると、つい、わかった ふりをしてしまう。どうして「わからない」 「知らない」と言えないのか。自 尊心が強いからというより、 物事に対してあまりにも鈍感である自分をさらけ 出したくないのである。素直になりたいものである。 A 物事に対して敏感でありたい。 B 常識的なことは知っておきたい。 C わからないことは「わからない」と言いたい。 D 他人に自分がわからないということを知られたくない。 文章 2 今日ほど「労働」が見失われている時代はないだろう。働くなかで仕事や人 に教えられ、 あるいは人と力を合わせて働くこと、また働いた成果で社会と結 ばれていることを実感し、 それらによって自分の働きの意味と生きていること の意義を確かめられる、 そういったことから私たちはしばらく無縁でいる。 「労 働の喜び」といった表現がひどく古めかしく感じられるほど、 「労働」は私た ちの生活から遠ざかっている。 A「労働」が見失われている時代とは、労働することの意義が実感できなく なった時代である。
2014年北京科技大学考研试题 245德语(二外)
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：245试题名称：德语（二外）（共3页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================I.Wählen Sie die richtige Lösung aus!(10P)1.-Kommst du nicht mit?-________,ich komme________.A.Doch...nicht mitB.Ja...mitC.Nein...nicht mit2.Interessieren Sie sich__________?A.darüberB.dafürC.darauf3.Sie bringen_____viele Bücher und helfen_______beim Studium.A.ihm...ihmB.ihn...ihrC.ihn...ihn4.-_________Tag ist heute?-Heute ist Mittwoch.A.WelcherB.WasC.Wann5.Vielen Dank______Ihren Tipp.Ich bestelle jetzt eine Reise______meine Familie.A.bei...für B.für...für C.für (i)6._____________fehlt ein Buch.A.Der StudentB.Dem StudentenC.Den Studenten7.Ich weißnichts,_________gegen schlechte Laune mehr helfen würde als Musik hören.A.welchesB.dassC.was8.Ich kann_________schwer vorstellen,wie es passiert.A.mirB.michC.es9.Der Student aus Korea ist erst__________zwei Wochen in Deutschland.A.vorB.seitC.nach10.______nicht arbeitet,soll auch nicht essen.A.WelcherB.WasC.WerII.Ergänzen Sie die passenden Wörter!(10P)1.Wir freuen uns_____,dass wir in zwei Tage nach Spanien fliegen können.2.___________unterhalten Sie sich gerade?3.Er ist gestern in den Supermarkt einkaufen_____________.4.Sprechen lernt man nur_______Sprechen.5.In der Pause________im Klassenzimmer Chaos.6.___________ich50Millionen Yuan gewonnen!7.Der Professor ist__________den Studierenden sehr beliebt.8.Er_________sich sehr um seine kranke Frau.9.Manchmal macht Traum der Realität den________.10.Herr Bode kann nicht so oft an Frau Bode schreiben,und er_________ um Entschuldigung.III.Bilden Sie Sätze!Jeder Satz soll mindestens acht Wörter enthalten!(20P)1.empfehlen2.denken3.einladen4.kosten5.zeigen6.sich beeilen7.gefallen8.finden9.erreichen10.studierenIV.Übersetzen Sie die folgenden Sätze ins Deutsche!(20P)1.我是德语专业的学生，现在学习德语，两年后我学习日耳曼语言文学。
2014年北京科技大学243日语(二外)考研真题
/北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 243 试题名称：日语（二外）（共5页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、次の文の下線をついた漢字の読み方を平仮名で書きなさい。
（各0.5点、共10点）1、食事の用意ができました。
2、この車は走るのが速いです。
3、赤ちゃんが丈夫に育ってほしいです。
4、この会社の規模は小さいです。
5、犯人はこの建物かえ消えたらしいです。
6、この酒の品質はいいです。
7、本場の日本料理を食べたいです。
8、この言葉は流行しています。
9、あのビルの3階で展覧会が開かれます。
10、夜中の3時まで残業しました。
二、次の文の下線をついた平仮名を漢字で書きなさい。
（各0.5点、共10点）1、彼のけっせきのりゆうが分かりません。
2、きょうとには有名なてらがたくさんあります。
3、なやみがあったら、そうだんに乗ります。
4、田中さんは小さなまちのしゅっしんです。
5、李先生は経済のじゅぎょうをたんとうします。
6、彼はふつうのにんげんとは違います。
7、こんげつの20日にしけんがあります。
8、ちかてつの駅は家にとおいです。
9、でむかえの時はあいてにちゃんと挨拶することが大事です。
10、しずかなところにすみたいです。
三、次の＿＿＿＿にどんな言葉を入れたらいいか、A、B、C、Dの中から適当/なものを一つだけ選びなさい。
2014年北京科技大学考研试题 综合英语
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=========================================================================================================试题编号：874试题名称：综合英语（共6页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=========================================================================================================说明：This paper covers FOUR subjects:(1)A Survey of Great Britain and the United States,(2)British Literature,(3)American Literature,and(4)GeneralLinguistics.You have180minutes to complete the whole paper.Please timeyour pace well.Part I.Survey of Great Britain and the United States(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each two unfinished sentences or questions four suggested choices marked A,B, C,and D are given.Choose the ONE that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of your choice in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10points)1.Britain had been one of the most important countries in the world.About100years ago,as a result of its____________,Britain ruled an empire that had1/4of the world’s people and1/4of the world’s land area.However,____________greatly weakened Britain.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in1931.A.industrializationB.imperialist expansionC.the two world warsD.independence of India2.The harsh terms of the Treaty of_________after WWI had left Germany embittered and unstable.With the coming of Hitler and Nazism in Germany,the treaty arrangements began to crumble.Hitler reoccupied__________in1936,and then Austria in1938.A.BerlinB.VersaillesC.SudetenlandD.Rhineland3.At the general election of1945_________was heavily defeated.The British people had suffered the Blitz and the warfare,and they didn’t want Britain to return to the politics of the1930s and hoped that the_________Party would sort out the problems of the war-torn country.A.ChurchillB.ChamberlainC.Conservativebor4.As a result of the_________and the Watergate scandal,American prestige became much lower abroad in the late1970s and early1980s,and in the face of Soviet aggressive expansion the US seemed impotent.This made many Americans feel humiliated.All this brought about a rise in New Right conservatism.It was this trend of conservatism that brought_________into the White House.A.Vietnam WarB.Cuban Missile CrisisC.ReganD.Clinton5.In Feb1972,President_________visited China and the two countries issued the Shanghai Communique,which led to the establishment of diplomatic relations in1979. But soon,American congress,supported by the_________Administration,adopted the Taiwan Relations Act which,in words and spirit,violates the spirit of the agreement.A.ReganB.NixonC.TrumanD.CarterII.Answer the following questions in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.(20points)1.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?What was the situation of Britain during Mrs Thatcher’s administration?(8)2.What are the major decisions at the three meeting of the leaders of the US,the Soviet Union and Britain during the WWII?(6)3.What was the American policy towards the Soviet Union during the WWII?(6)Part II.British Literature(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10 points)1.A sonnet is a poem of14lines,usually in iambic pentameter with various rhymingschemes.It was first written by the Italian poet______and introduced to England by Thomas Wyatt.But the best British sonneteer is______,whose sonnet consists of three quatrains with a rhyming scheme abab cdcd efef and ends with a couplet rhyming gg.2.As the author of Auld Lang Syne and A Red,Red Rose,______was born inScotland in a poor peasant family.He wrote poems and songs in the Scottish dialect and his works are permeated with______spirit.3.Known as a pioneer novelist of England,Daniel Defoe was particularlyremembered for two novels:________,whose hero is typical of the rising English bourgeois class,practical and diligent;and________which tells the story of the daughter of a woman who had committed theft and was later transported to Virginia.4.During the1950s there appeared a group of young writers who were fiercely criticalof the established order.They were called“__________”,a term from John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger.5.Being the most important work in the English medieval literature,______is deeplyinfluenced by the Italian writer Boccacio’s Decameron.6.Bernard Shaw’s main contribution to English literature is his dramas.Like Ibsen,hewas much concerned about__________of his time.By means of witty remarks, surprise,and paradoxes,he tries to shock the conventional audience.Among his plays,the best known ones are Pygmalion,Heartbreak House,and__________, whose heroine is the daughter of a millionaire named Undershaft.II.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:2....To die,to sleep;No more;and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache,and the thousand natural shockThat flesh is heir to,its a consummationDevoutly to be wished.3.Behold her,single in the filed,Yon solitary Highland Lass1Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here,or gently pass!4.Thou was not born for death,immortal Bird!No hungry generations tread thee down;The voice I hear this passing night was heardIn ancient days by emperor and clown:5.“I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom,conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal—as we are….”6.My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff’s miseries….My love forLinton is like the foliage in the woods.Time will change it,I’m well aware,as winter changes the trees.My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath…III.Do as required or answer the questions concerning the paragraphs provided: write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(14points)1.What are the features of Victorian England?(4)2.Read the except from Jane Eyre and then answer the questions:(10)"Madam,allow me an instant.You are aware that my plan in bringing up these girls is,not to accustom them to habits of luxury and indulgence,but to render themhardy,patient,self-denying.…Madam,"he pursued,"I have a Master to serve whose kingdom is not of this world:my mission is to mortify in these girls the lusts of the flesh;to teach them to clothe themselves with shame-facedness and sobriety,not with braided hair and costly apparel;and each of the young persons before us has a string of hair twisted in plaits which vanity itself might have woven;these,I repeat,must be cut off;think of the time wasted,of--"Mr.Brocklehurst was here interrupted:three other visitors(Mrs.and the Misses Brocklehurst),ladies,now entered the room.They ought to have come a little sooner to have heard his lecture on dress,for they were splendidly attired in velvet,silk,and furs.The two younger of the trio(fine girls of sixteen and seventeen)had grey beaver hats,then in fashion,shaded with ostrich plumes,and from under the brim of this graceful head-dress fell a profusion of light tresses,elaborately curled;the elder lady was enveloped in a costly velvet shawl,and she wore a false front of French curls.Questions:1)How does Mr.Brocklehurst lesson the poor orphans in the charity school?Andwhat kind of persons does he intend to bring the orphan girls into?2)How does the appearance of his wife and daughters form a ironic contrast towhat he forbids the orphan girls to do?Part III.American Literature(30points)I.Match the following authors with their works:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(7points)1.Salinger Moby-Dick2.Longfellow Mending Wall3.Allen Poe Martin Eden4.Jake London The Fall of the House of Usher5.Herman Melville A Psalm of life6.Eugene O’Neill The Catcher in the Rye7.Robert Frost Long Day’s Journey into NightII.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.I shall be telling this with a signSomewhere ages and ages henceTwo roads diverged in a wood,and I–And that has made all the difference.2.When the young woman–the mother of this child–stood fully revealed beforethe crowd,it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to herbosom…On the breast of her gown,in fine red cloth,surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread,appeared the letter A.3.And as I sat there brooding on the old,unknown world,I thought of X’s wonderwhen he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock.He had come a long way to this blue lawn,and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.4.The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.5.We passed the School,where Children stroveAt Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—6.Once upon a midnight dreary,while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—While I nodded,nearly napping,suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping,rapping at chamber door—III.Essay questions or do as you are required:write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(17points)1.What is American naturalism?(3)2.What are the features of Whitman’s poetry?And how do you understand the imageof leaves of grass in his poems?(4)3.Translate the following sentences from Nature by Emerson:(4)The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face;we,through their eyes.Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe?Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition,and a religion by revelation to us,and not the history of theirs?4.Read the except from the1st chapter of The Scarlett Letter and answer the question:(6)The Prison DoorThe founders of a new colony,whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project,have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery,and another portion as the site of a prison.In accordance with this rule,it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the first prison-house,almost as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground….Certain it is,that,some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town,the wooden jail was already marked with weather-stains and other indications of age,which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the new world.Like all that pertains to crime,it seemed never to have known a youthful era.Before this ugly edifice,and between it and the wheel-track of the street,was a grass-plot,much overgrown withvarious unsightly vegetation,which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society,a prison. But,on one side of the portal,and rooted almost at the threshold,was a wild rose-bush,covered,in this month of June,with its delicate gems,which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in,and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom,in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:Here the two central images are the prison door and the rose-bush.What features do they have respectively and what do they represent in the novel?Part IV General Linguistics(60points)Part I Define the following linguistic terms in your own words(20points,4points each).municative Competence2.Semantic Triangle3.Assimilation4.Transitivity5.ForegroundingPart II Finish the following according to the requirements for each(15points,5 points each):1.What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?How do you comment on it?2.Discuss the relationship between“arbitrariness”and“iconicity”of language.3.What are Saussure’s contributions to modern linguistics?Part III Provide as much information as you know about each of the following topics(25points,12.5points each).1.What is the relation between linguistics and language teaching?How are differentschools of linguistics related to language learning and teaching?2.What is the development of Halliday’s theory of language and linguistics?Givespecific examples to show the main ideas of his theory.。
北京科技大学2014年二外俄语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
北京科技大学2014年二外俄语考研真题及详解ЧАСТЬ 1ЧТЕНИЕПрочитайте следующие микротексты и выберите ответ, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного.(40 баллов)Микротекст 1Когда Илюшу спросили, какой праздник он любит, Илюша ответил: 8 марта. Он любил этот праздник, потому что в этот день его бабушка Ольга Михайловна уходила в гости.Бабушка очень любила Илюшу, но думала, что воспитывать его нужно строго. У него был очень строгий режим дня (日程). И только в марте у Илюши три свободных дня: 7 марта бабушка ходила в парикмахерскую(理发店), 8 марта она ходила в гости, а 9 марта рассказывала о том, как интересно она провела время.1. Какой праздник любит Илюша?А. Новый год.Б. Международный женский день.В. Международный праздник трудящихся.2. Почему именно этот день он любит?А. Он очень любит свою бабушку.Б. Онможет ходить в гости в праздник.В. Он может вести себя свободно.【答案与解析】1.Б问题是：伊柳沙喜欢什么节日？由原文第一段第一句可知，当人们问伊柳沙喜欢什么节日时，伊柳沙回答说3月8号，是国际妇女节。
北京航空航天大学外国语学院244德语二外历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2015年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2014年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2013年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2012年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2011年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2010年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解2009年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2008年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2007年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2006年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2005年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题及详解2004年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题2003年北京航空航天大学224德语二外考研真题2015年北京航空航天大学244德语二外考研真题及详解I. Wählen Sie die richtige Lösung. (25 Punkte insgesamt, 1 Punkt für jede Frage)1.Diesen Fehler sollen Sie _____ wiederholen.A. auf jeden FallB. in diesem FallC. auf keinen FallD. im anderen Fall2. Wann geht deine Arbeit _____? Wir möchten mit dir über unsere Reise sprechen.A. am Ende B. zu Ende C. zum SchlussD. am SchlussC【答案】句意：这个错误你无论如何都不应该再犯了。
auf keinen Fall 意为“任何情况都不”。
故选项C 正确。
【解析】B【答案】3. Mein Freund arbeitet in einem Supermarkt. Er verdient _____ Stunde 10 Euro.A. pro B. für C. zu D. mit【解析】句意：我的朋友在一家超市工作，他的工资是每小时10欧元。
2014年北京科技大学硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课240单独考试英语试题
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题北京科技大学本校各专业考研资料北科考研就找老大哥QQ 931679601 店铺 老大哥整理发布============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 240 试题名称：单独考试英语（共10页）适用专业：单独考试各专业说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=========================================================================================================== Part I: Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. If you your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. lessenB. moderateC. dismissD. overcome2.The professor's argument was reasonable, but the audience did not agree with his conclusion.A. suspiciouslyB. seeminglyC. criticallyD. theoretically3. I suppose I'll have to look for a job；I'll either have to find a rich wife or starve. A．otherwise B. that's why C. else D. on the other hand4.Many photographers prefer to take pictures when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.A．at twilight B. at noon C. in the morning D. in the fall5. The finance question must be answered with in order to relieve the investors' fears of fraud.A．accuracy B. exactness C. precision D. correction6. The survival of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A．ratio B. proportion C. rate D. scale7. So far as he could，John had always tried to the example he saw in Lincoln.A．live up to B. set forth C. call for D. cut out8. The students gradually a knowledge of the subject.A．acquired B. attained C. achieved D. obtained9. He didn't openly attack the plan, but his opposition was in his failure to say anything in support of it.A. explicitB. implicitC. decisiveD. obvious10. The newly-built bridge that the river is convenient to the people living in this area. A．traverses B. spans C. protects D. overlooksSection BDirections: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word.11. She didn't openly attack the plan，but her opposition was implicit in her failure to say anything in support of it.A．explicit B. obvious C. decisive D. underlying12. When he was very young，he was afflicted with paralysis.A．troubled B. bothered C. influenced D. stricken13. She was still writing away furiously when the bell went.A．continually B. hard C. easily D. continuously14. A good dictionary is indispensable for learning English.A. indifferentB. indivisibleC. essentialD. elective15. The severe earthquake damaged buildings as well as public or personal property in them. A．materials B. substances C. possessions D. qualities16. At first I wasn't able to identify my brother in the crowd as he had changed so much since his departure.A．make up B. make out C. make for D. make in17. Some people persist in the practice of some very old customs or traditions just because they enjoy doing so.A．endure B. support C. stick to D. continue in18. The teacher told stories about Washington and Lincoln in respect to the importance of being honest.A．in connection with B. in case ofC．along with D. together with19. Being infamous for his dishonesty in business matters，the man had few friends.A．fresh B. immediate C. notorious D. famous20. He was very careful in whatever he did lest something unfavourable might be written into his record.A．if only B. for fear that C. unless D. otherwisePart II Cloze Test(20 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases __21__ the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be __22__ in our past experience, which are brought into the present __23__ memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep __24__ available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is __25__ when a rat gives up eating grain because he hassniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-ole child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory __26__ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer __27__ that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words"--ready for __28__ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total __29__ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and __30__ of words.21. A. of B. to C. for D. on22. A. keep B. found C. sought D. stored23. A. by B. from C. with D. in24. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information25. A. called B. taken C. involved D. included26. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems27. A. to B. with C. against D. for28. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective29. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount30. A. combinations B. connections C. co-ordinations D. collectionsPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40 points)Section A (30 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage:All along the chain of biological evolution, the extinction of species appears to have been a stage in the process of adapting genetic lineages to changing environmental conditions. Although some catastrophic extinction occurred naturally, producing total loss of a genetic line, such catastrophes were comparatively rare. In modern times, however, human activities have altered the fundamental nature of this process, resulting in nearly total genetic losses.It is not difficult to gain general agreement that man-induced increases in the endangerment and extinction of wildlife-whether due to habitat alteration or loss, pollution, insufficiently regulated hunting, or other factors -are undesirable. It is, however, more difficult to obtain consensus when consideration is given to the economic costs of correcting such trends, including natural habitat preservation, regulation of pesticides and other toxic substances, and wildlife and park management. Endangered species often are, in effect, competitors with humans for habitat and other resources which also provide other kinds of human uses and needs.Measures needed to protect endangered species vary considerably in difficulty and cost. Of the approximately 400 invertebrate species which at present appear to be threatened, for example, about one-third could probably be restored by such inexpensive means as modifying theboundaries of designated natural areas, acquiring and protecting caves and other small areas which contain the particular species, and additional management of parks and refuges.Another one-third of the endangered lower animal species are threatened principally by water pollution and could be protected by improved control, particularly of five southern rivers.The remaining one-third of the 400 endangered shellfish species would be considerably more difficult to protect. These are threatened by complex factors, such as overcorrecting, channelization, highway and housing development, dams, introduced species such as the Asian snail, dredging, quarry washing, poor erosion control, and lowering of water tables.The identification of threatened species and other significant wildlife trends must precede any corrective measures, and our knowledge base for making such identification is deficient in many respects. Our present lists of threatened species and subspecies are known to be incomplete, except in those geographical areas which contain habitats of species that have important commercial or sports harvest value.31. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing ________.A. the catastrophes in history which caused the extinction of total speciesB. the ways to protect endangered speciesC. the characteristics of threatened speciesD. the significance of protecting threatened species32. What's the author's attitude toward the view that it is catastrophes that result in the totalgenetic losses?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Enthusiastic.33. With which if the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. People haven't realized the impact of human activities on the extinction of wildlife.B. It is difficult for people to agree to protect endangered species at considerable economic cost.C. Endangered species can provide human beings with a variety of useful resources.D. Similar measures can be taken to protect various endangered species.34. The author mentions all of the following as threats to shellfish species except ________.A. highway and housing developmentB. poor erosion controlC. overpopulation of shellfishD. lowering of water tables35. Given the information in the passage, which of the following is not true of wildlife protection?A. The identification of threatened species should come before correction.B. We have gained sufficient knowledge for making identification of endangered species.C. Our present lists of threatened species are incomplete.D. Some geographical areas contain habitats of species that have important commercial value. Passage TwoQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:Researchers have learned to mix optimism with caution, and some of their results are demonstrating definite promise.When Matthew During and Michael Kaplitt first went hunting for capital to commercialize their research in gene therapy, their timing couldn't have been worse. It was the fall of 1999, just after teenager Jesse Gelsinger died in a clinical trial of gene therapy - the use of genes to delivermedicines to diseased cells. Together, During and Kaplitt were able to scrape up an initial $2.5 million. "Maybe we were arrogant to think we could start something at that time," Kaplitt concedes. Today, the two physician founders of Neurologix, in Fort Lee, N.J., are feeling much more upbeat. They're searching for $10 million to fund a pivotal trial in Parkinson's disease, and they expect to find it.Others are also prospecting in the once-neglected field of gene therapy. On Nov. 7, Colgate-Palmolive invested $20 million in Austin-based Introgen Therapeutics, which is pursuing novel remedies for oral cancer.And the Michael J. Fox Foundation is about to award its first-ever grant for gene therapy research. The $750,000 will go to San Diego-based Ceregene, which, like Neurologix, is zeroing in on a treatment for Parkinson's, the disease that afflicts actor Fox. Ceregene also raised $32 million in venture capital last year.Recent success stories in clinics and labs add to the sense that gene therapy is moving back into the mainstream. China has been quietly approving such treatments. And on Nov. 22, Genzyme (GENZ), in Cambridge, Mass., announced it will spend $3.2 million to acquire a manufacturing facility that will make several gene therapy treatments, including one aimed at a common condition among the elderly called peripheral arterial disease."We've been in gene therapy a long time, and we've seen the ups and downs," says Richard Gregory, Genzyme's senior vice-president of research. "But we're optimistic."36. What were things like when Matthew During and Michael first raise money for their study of gene therapy?A. They were very lucky.B. They were very confident.C. A teenager died in a lab experiment of gene therapy.D. People's confidence in gene therapy was unreasonably high.37. The word "upbeat" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A. proudB. optimisticC. anxiousD. serious38. All the following diseases are mentioned in the passage except __________.A. Down's syndromeB. Parkinson's diseaseC. oral cancerD. peripheral arterial disease39. What do we know about the research of gene therapy?A. In the 20th century, gene therapy was suspected and neglected.B. Gene therapy becomes the prevailing method of treating patients now.C. San Diego-based Ceregene has achieved nothing in gene therapy research so far.D. The successes of gene therapy in clinics and labs restore people's confidence in gene therapy.40. What is the author's attitude towards gene therapy?A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. indifferentD. neutralPassage ThreeQuestions 41-45 are based on the following passage:We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed--no examination is perfect--but to have no external tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the ideals and the purpose of each teacher.Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are presumably selected by some computer.These people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modern competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society asa whole.41. What is the opinion of the writer?A. We cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect.B. Without examinations there would be no standards.C. Standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality.D. Changing the standards could mean the end of equality.42. What is the situation at the moment?A. A school's reputation is not very important, as long as a certificate.B. A bright child doesn't need certificates to get a job.C. Children attending well-respected schools do not get certificates.D. Many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability.43. According to the writer, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?A. Children from poor families would not be able to change school.B. There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.C. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.D. Going to a favored school would be the only way to get a good job.44. According to the writer, the opponents of the examination system say that ________.A. computers should be selected to take over many jobsB. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobsC. examinations are only bad when they show differences between peopleD. schools specializing in academic subjects should be done away with45. In what way do the opponents of the examination system want to influence schools?A. They want children to compete more in school.B. They want to reorganize schools.C. They want schools to be more modern.D. They want to destroy schools.Passage FourQuestions 46-50 are based on the following passage:The exclusive emphasis on economics is yielding to an appreciation of politics. After all, before free market can thrive you need political stability. Technology is still seen as a powerful tool, but one that can have harmful as well as beneficial consequences (as Osama bin Laden has brutally shown). Most important, the global trading system is becoming more democratic, with countries like India, China and Brazil demanding a voice in the shape of trade negotiations. This too could be for the best. If a few concessions and delays mean that the free-trade system will have greater legitimacy in the developing world, it is a price well worth paying.Even September 11 could be even more beneficial. In the past four months the world has seen what American political leadership and power can do when it is ambitious, energetic and internationally minded. It is time for American economic leadership to be similarly active and visionary. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill's speech at the forum was an interesting beginning. O'Neill talked about changing the loans-and-grants system to developing countries to help them help themselves. He talked about insisting on internal legal and political reforms. He pointed out that foreign aid rarely works. His critiques of the current system was sharp, but anyone can criticize. The point is to fix things. He should take this opportunity to present a series of broad American initiatives that would broaden and deepen globalization.Washington should lead the developed world by responding to the legitimate demands of the developing world on trade-that means agriculture and anti-dumping. Hormats argues for a reform of the major international economic groups and institutions. A new system of effective foreign aid could have massive economic and political benefits for the whole world.In the wake of World War II, the Truman administration set up the global economic institutions that have secured and steered the world economy ever since. Throughout the cold war, America pushed for free trade as part of an overall strategy to combat communism and shore up the free world. Making globalization work better and for more people is not simply smart economics. It is a vital part of a new national-security strategy for America.46. Which of the following is more emphasized now after September 11?A. Domestic economy.B. Politics.C. National Security.D. Global unity in fighting terrorism.47. What does Hormats argue for?A. The developing countries have to help themselves.B. A new system of effective foreign aids will work well.C. The USA pushed and will push free trade world widely to combat communism.D. The foreign aids rarely work.48. What makes the author's opinion different from O'Neill's?A. The author thought that O'Neill's talk was not to the point.B. The author didn't like the talker personally.C. O'Neill should have presented what to do to improve the economic globalization.D. The author thought what O'Neill said was precise, but not workable.49. What does the author intend to say through the last paragraph?A. The Americans should follow Truman's global economic policy.B. The author suggests that the USA should have done more.C. The USA should pursue to combat the communism in economic competition.D. The Americans may live in luxurious and quiet surroundings under the conditions of theglobalization.50. The topic that best fits the passage is ___________.A. The National Security Strategy of the USAB. The Globalization of Economy and National Security Strategy of the USAC. The World Economic ForumD. International Economic GlobalizationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following passage and complete the sentences with the information from the passage in NO MORE THAN 10 words for each sentence.Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we human can look forward to increasing happiness?Not necessarily, warns Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book, Growth triumphant: the Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective. Easterlin concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people's self-assessment of their own happiness. "There has not been improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half century-a period in which real GDP per capita more than doubled," Easterlin reports.The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin's word: "As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."Money can buy happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one's amounts get bigger and other people aren't getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater's finding that Americans' perception of income "necessary to get along" rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capita income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well off is equated with being happy.Easterlin's findings challenge psychologist Abraham Maslow's "hierarchy of wants" as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people's basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin's evidence points to the persistence of materialism."Despite a general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world,"Easterlin observes, "Material concerns in the wealthiest nations today are as pressing as ever and the pursuit of material need as intense." The evidence suggests there is no evolution toward higher order goals. Rather, each step upward on the ladder of the economic development merely stimulates new economic desires that lead the chase onward. Economists are accustomed to deflating the money value of national income by the average level of prices to obtain "real" income. The process here is similar-real income is being deflated by rising material aspiration, in this case to yield essentially constant subjective economic well-being. While it would be pleasant to envisage a world free from the pressure of material want, a more realistic projection, based on the evidence, is of a world in which generation after generation thinks it needs only another 10% to 20% more income to be perfectly happy.Needs are limited, but not greed. Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Eaterlin's view."The future, then, to which the epoch of modern economic growth is leading is one of never ending economic growth, a world in which ever growing abundance is matched by ever rising aspirations, a world in which cultural difference is leveled in the constant race to achieve the good life of material plenty, it is a world founded on belief in science and the power of rational inquiry and in the ultimate capacity of humanity to shape its own destiny. The irony is that in the last respect the lesson of history appears to be otherwise: that there is no choice. In the end, the triumph of economic growth is not a triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.51. What does "this paradox" in paragraph 3 refer to?52. Why will higher income not always bring more happiness?53. When will a person feel happy according to Easterlin?54. How does Easterlin's findings differ from Maslow's theory?55. What does Easterlin think of the future of the world?Part IV Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )Section ADirections:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.56. We often hear that computers are cold and inhuman, but in fact many people are more comfortable with a computer than with another person. Computers are patient and do not judge the people who use them. Many students who would be embarrassed to show a teacher that they do not understand something are happy to ask a computer questions. Some patients would rather explain their health problems to a computer than to a doctor. There is even a computer program which deals with psychological problems. The program has become popular because many people feel uncomfortable discussing such problems with another person.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.57. 教育不是目的，而是达到目的的一种手段。
北京外国语大学2014年二外俄语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
北京外国语大学2014年二外俄语考研真题及详解一、选择题（40分）1. Аня, вот новый книжный магазин. Давай_____.А) смотримВ) смотритеС) посмотримD) посмотрите【答案】C【解析】句意：阿尼亚，这是一个新书店。
我们去看一下吧。
давай(те)要搭配未完成体不定式或完成体复数第一人称形式。
故正确答案选C。
2. Нина считает, что_____ очень повезло в жизни.А)оноВ)еёС)онD) ей【答案】D【解析】句意：妮娜认为她在生活中很幸运。
кому повезло/повезёт表示“谁幸运”。
故正确答案选D。
3. У него удивительная способность_____ выход из любой ситуации.А) находитьВ) находитС) найдётD) нашла【答案】A【解析】句意：他有惊人的能力，能从任何处境中找出路。
способность后要搭配动词不定式做定语，意思是“有……能力”。
故正确答案为A。
4. Врачи надеются, что журналист снова сможет_____ после операции.А) ехатьВ) отойтиС) идтиD) ходить【答案】D【解析】句意：医生希望记者手术后能重新走路。
表示“走”要用идти/ходить。
表示一种行为能力要用不定向动词。
故正确答案选D。
5. Скажите, могу ли я купить это лекарство_____ рецепта врача?А) отВ) безС) сD) по【答案】B【解析】句意：请问我能否买没有医生处方的药。
根据句意应选用“没有”。
故正确答案选B。
6. Брюки модные, жаль только, что они мне немного_____.А) маленькиеВ) маленькимиС) малыеD) малы【答案】D【解析】句意：裤子很时尚，只是可惜对我有点小。