国际贸易与实务chapter6
国际贸易理论与实务各章章节小结
国际贸易理论与实务各章章节小结第一篇：国际贸易理论与实务各章章节小结第一章导论1.简述国际贸易的重要性1）促进世界经济发展及人类社会进步。
世界出口增长率超过世界生产增长率。
2）各国经济发展史：在16世纪以前，威尼斯、佛罗伦萨、布鲁日和汉萨同盟的一些城市。
当今的美国，日本的经济水平。
我国30年的改革开放实践。
3）各国经济生活日益国际化，世界经济的增长依赖于国际贸易的增长，各国经济的发展依赖于其对外贸易的发展。
4）中国经济发展离不开对外贸易的发展。
这就要求我们认真研究和学习国际贸易，了解和掌握国际贸易的基础理论、基本政策和操作技巧，以便更好地为我国对外贸易和国民经济的发展服务，乃至为世界经济的增长和人类社会的进步作出贡献。
2，国际贸易的法律环境与国内贸易的法律环境有何不同？这一区别对于我国国内企业开展国际商务活动有何启示？第二章对外贸易发展的理论 1，试述重商主义的要旨。
P40第二段主要观点：货币—金银是唯一的财富，任何商品输入都会使货币流出，减少本国货币拥有量，即减少本国的财富。
增加英国的财富的手段是发展对外贸易，但卖给外国人的商品总值应当大于购买他们的商品总值。
2，试述绝对利益论的主要要点。
P44 1）分工可以提高劳动生产率2）分工的原则是绝对优势或绝对利益3）国际分工的基础是有利的自然禀赋或后天的有利条件3，试述比较利益论的主要内容，并简评之P47 内容：1、在有贸易的条件下，可以进行国际专业化分工,两个国家将本国的资源转移至本国具有相对优势的部门。
2、贸易双方，将出口本国具有比较优势的产品，进口本国处于劣势的产品。
3、双方贸易获利的源泉在于：由于两国进行了国际专业化分工，发挥了本国的比较优势，提高了劳动生产率。
评价：1、比较优势理论是国际贸易理论的基石，萨缪尔森：“是经济学中最深刻的真理之一，为国际贸易提供了不可动摇的基石基础。
”2、机会成本不变的假设在现实中不能实现。
3、忽略了贸易对于收入分配和就业的影响，认为所有的国家都能获利，实施上，国际贸易中总存在富国剥削穷国的事实。
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点摘要：一、前言二、国际贸易实务概述三、国际贸易术语解释通则四、国际贸易合同的签订五、国际贸易支付方式六、国际贸易运输与保险七、国际贸易争议解决八、结论正文：一、前言随着全球化的发展，国际贸易已成为各国之间经济交流的重要方式。
了解国际贸易实务对于从事国际贸易的企业和个人来说至关重要。
本篇文章将为您介绍国际贸易实务的相关知识点。
二、国际贸易实务概述国际贸易实务主要包括国际贸易术语解释通则、国际贸易合同的签订、国际贸易支付方式、国际贸易运输与保险以及国际贸易争议解决等方面。
三、国际贸易术语解释通则国际贸易术语解释通则（Incoterms）是一套规范国际贸易术语的国际惯例，旨在为国际贸易合同的双方提供统一、明确的解释，降低贸易风险。
目前，常用的国际贸易术语有EXW、FOB、CIF、DDP等。
四、国际贸易合同的签订国际贸易合同是国际贸易业务的基础文件，对于保障贸易双方的权益具有重要意义。
合同的签订应遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚信的原则，合同内容应包括商品的名称、数量、质量、价格、交货期、交货地点、运输方式等。
五、国际贸易支付方式国际贸易支付方式主要有电汇、信用证、托收、汇票等。
其中，信用证支付方式因其安全性和独立性而成为国际贸易中最常用的支付方式。
六、国际贸易运输与保险在国际贸易中，运输与保险是关系到商品能否顺利到达买方的重要环节。
运输方式包括海运、陆运、空运等；保险则包括货物运输保险、信用证保险等。
七、国际贸易争议解决在国际贸易中，难免会出现贸易争议。
解决争议的方式主要有协商、调解、仲裁、诉讼等。
其中，仲裁方式因其高效、灵活、专业的特点，成为国际贸易争议解决的主要方式。
八、结论总之，国际贸易实务涉及多个环节，只有全面了解并掌握这些知识点，才能在国际贸易中降低风险、保障权益。
帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案(双语)
Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.IIIThe chart above shows the U。
S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U。
S。
has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003，imports from China have grown 244％while exports to China have grown 221％, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996，totaling ＄39.5 billion at the end of the year。
IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries。
2。
Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods。
3。
Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4。
International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5。
51--国际贸易与实务第6章案例 Case study
QUESTION
According to the CISG, is there any business relation between Company A and Company B?
Analysis
• There exits business relation between Company A and Company B． • According to the CISG，this offer is an offer that has been received by the offeree．If the cancel notification reaches the offeror before the offeree sends out his acceptance，the offer can be canceled．In this case, the time when the cancel notification reaches the offeree was afternoon of May 7th, while acceptance notification was sent out on the morning of May 6th. Obviously, this offer cannot be canceled. The contract has law efficiency.
Case 4
An Italian businessman visited one Chinese foreign trade company for negotiating about the transaction of some commodity. The company made an oral offer to the Italian businessman, while he did not make any response to our offer. That afternoon, the Italian businessman revisited the Chinese company and said he could accept that morning’s offer. But during that time, the Chinese company got the news that the price of the international market for the goods was on the rise.
(2024年)国际贸易理论与实务课程教学大纲
考核方式及标准
考核方式
采用闭卷考试、课程论文、课堂表现 等多种考核方式综合评价学生学习成 果。
考核标准
明确各考核方式的评分标准，注重对 学生知识掌握、能力运用和素质表现 的全面评价。
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国际贸易基本理论
Chapter
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国际贸易概念与分类
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合规经营
企业应按照政策法规要求开展合规经营，避免违规行为带来的风险 。
建立风险应对机制
企业应建立完善的风险应对机制，包括风险评估、预警、防范和应 对等方面，以应对可能出现的政策法规风险。
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THANKS
感谢观看
税调整会影响企业进出口成本，进而影响产品 价格和市场竞争力。
贸易壁垒
贸易壁垒会限制企业市场准入，影响企业销售规 模和盈利能力。
法规变化
法规变化会影响企业合规经营，企业需要密切关 注并及时调整经营策略。
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如何应对政策法规风险
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了解政策法规
企业应密切关注国内外相关政策法规的动态变化，及时了解和掌 握相关信息。
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收付汇及风险防范
收付汇方式
介绍国际贸易中常用的收付汇方式，如电汇、信汇、票汇等，以及各种收付汇方式的特点和适用范围 。
风险防范措施
阐述国际贸易中可能出现的风险，如信用风险、汇率风险、运输风险等，以及针对这些风险应采取的 防范措施。同时，介绍国际贸易欺诈的类型和识别方法，以提高风险防范意识。
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合同条款及履行流程
合同基本条款
介绍国际贸易合同的基本条款，包括品名、品质、数量、包装、价格、装运、保险、支付、检验、索赔、不可抗 力和仲裁等。
2024年度-《国际贸易理论与实务》教学大纲
国际贸易产生与发展
产生原因
社会生产力的发展产生出用于交换的剩余商品，这 些剩余商品在国与国之间交换，就产生了国际贸易 。
发展历程
从奴隶社会的对外贸易，到封建社会的对外贸易， 再到资本主义社会的对外贸易，国际贸易的规模不 断扩大，形式也不断丰富。
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国际贸易政策与措施
国际贸易政策
一国政府为了某种目的而制定的外贸 活动准则，包括自由贸易政策和保护 贸易政策。
福费廷
福费廷是指在延期付款的大型设备贸 易中，出口商把经进口商承兑的，或 经第三方担保的，期限在半年至五六 年的远期汇票，无追索权地售予出口 商所在地的银行或大金融公司，提前 取得现款的一种资金融通形式，它是 出口信贷的一种类型。
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跨境电子商务在国际贸易中应 用
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跨境电子商务概述及发展趋势
谈判策略实施
讲解如何运用各种谈判技巧和方法实施谈判策略 ，包括开局策略、报价策略、让步策略等。
3
谈判风险控制
分析国际商务谈判中可能遇到的风险和不确定性 因素，提供风险控制和管理的方法和建议。
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案例分析与实践操作指导
Chapter
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经典案例剖析及启示意义
经典案例一
某跨国公司贸易纠纷案
案例分析
B2C平台
企业对消费者之间的电子商务，如亚 马逊、eBay等。
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跨境电子商务平台类型及特点
• C2C平台：消费者对消费者之间的电子商 务，如淘宝全球购等。
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跨境电子商务平台类型及特点
交易全球化
突破地域限制，实现全球范围内的商品交易。
交易便捷化
通过电子商务平台，实现线上交易、支付及物流服务。
《国际贸易理论与实务(第六版)》读书笔记模板
第一节交易准备 第二节交易磋商 第三节合同的签订 第四节合同的履行 思考题
第一节经销和代理 第二节寄售、展卖与拍卖 第三节招标与投标 第四节商品期货交易 第五节对销贸易 第六节加工贸易 思考题
读书笔记
这是《国际贸易理论与实务（第六版）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
这是《国际贸易理论与实务（第六版）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
第十一章国际贸易结 算
第十二章检验、索赔、 不可抗力与仲裁
第十三章国际货物贸 易流程
第十四章国际贸易方 式
第一节国际贸易术语的含义及作用 第二节有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例 第三节 《2010通则》中主要国际贸易术语 第四节其他贸易术语 第五节贸易术语的选用 思考题
第一节商品的品质 第二节商品的数量 第三节商品的包装 思考题
国际贸易理论与实务（第六版）
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 精彩摘录
目录
02 内容摘要 04 读书笔记 06 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
国际贸易
专业
世界贸易组织
教材
题
实务
思考
实务
国际贸易
理论 国际贸易
思考题
版
贸易
国际货物
理论
方式
商品
术语
内容摘要
本书坚持以马克思主义为指导，密切结合国际贸易的最新发展趋势，在吸收国内外新近出版的有关专著、教 材和科研成果的基础上，按照理论篇、政策篇和实务篇的结构，系统地阐明国际贸易理论、政策与措施，全面介 绍了国际贸易术语、进出口的交易条件和交易程序等内容。本书自1998年出版以来，一直是北京理工大学管理与 经济学院国际经济与贸易专业、管理类专业和工商管理双学位专业学生及工商管理硕士（MBA）的《国际贸易理 论与实务》课程的指定教材。全国有较多的其他高等学校相关专业也以本书作为指定教材或参考书籍。
国际贸易理论与实务(英语)-教学大纲
International trade theory and practices(English) SyllabusCourse Code: 031122BCourse Type:obligatory CoursePeriods: 32Credits: 2Target students：Translation for economics and tradePreparatory Courses: International Economics1、Objectives"International Trade Theory and Practice" （English）is a trade professional foundation courses, targeted professional courses in English learning environment for students. The course teaches students the basic theory and practice of international trade in English, help them master the basic operating procedures for international trade, so as to facilitate them doing business in related work from an international perspective, lay the foundation for globalization as soon as possible.2.Basic Requirements(1) Main ContentsThis course focuses on the basic theories and procedures involved in international trade. Its contents include international trade theories, trade terms, terms of commodities, international cargo transport, cargo insurance, terms of price, international payment and settlement, claims, force majeure and arbitration, business negotiation and establishment of contract, etc. Among these, we should emphasize international trade theory, trade policies, international trade terms, international cargo transport, and cargo insurance.(2)Teaching MethodThis course teaches the theory and case studies taken combined. Teaching content of each chapter to take into account the combination of both social realities and trends, and also combined with practical business of international trade.(3) Assessment：Research paperThe course assessment will combine attendance, exercises and final paper. Among them, final paper: 60%; exercises: 20%; attendance: 10%.(4) Learning RequirementsBefore learn this course, Students should grasp the knowledge of international economics as a basis. In order to achieve the purpose of teaching applied courses, this course will organize lectures and exercises.3. Arrangements4. SyllabusChapter1 IntroductionKey points and difficulties：basic concepts of international tradeBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：target, history and basic concepts of international trade.Chapter 2 international trade theoryKey points and difficulties：Classical trade theory, neo-classical trade theory, new trade theoryBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the theory of international trade, and international trade of contemporary theory; understanding of modern theory of international trade; grasp the traditional international trade theory and trade protection theory.Chapter 3 international distributionKey points and difficulties：The relationship between international division of labor and the development of international trade, the international division of labor, the world market and international tradeBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the formation and development of international division of labor and the world market; understand the meaning of international division of labor and the world market, and the relationship of international trade.Chapter 4 MNES and international tradeKey points and difficulties：MNCS theoriesBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the formation and development of the Multi-National Corporation; understand the operating mechanism of Multi-National Corporation; grasp the theory of the Multi-National CorporationChapter5 GlobalizationKey points and difficulties：Regional integration theory, the concept of economic integrationBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：Understand the development of regional integration, understand and grasp the integration concept, regions of the worldChapter 6 international trade policyKey points and difficulties：Chinese foreign trade policy, trade policy history Basic requirements：LectureGuidelines：To understand the development of international trade policy evolution, understanding the significance of protection of trade policy in developing countries. Knowledge of our current trade policyChapter 7 TariffKey points and difficulties：Types of tariff, the tariff effectBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the significance of understanding the tariff; tariff collection types of methods and procedures; master the major dutiesChapter 8 Non-tariff barriersKey points and difficulties：Type of non tariff and new developmentBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：To understand the meaning and characteristics of non tariff; understand non-tariff new development; master the main non-tariff measuresChapter 9 pushing exportKey points and difficulties：Export encouragement and control measuresBasic requirements：Lecture，DiscussionGuidelines：Understanding of the relevant measures of content, understand and master the relevant measures ofChapter 10 WTOKey points and difficulties：The rules of world trade measuresBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understand the development of the World Trade Organization and relationship with Chinese; understand and master the basic rules of the World Trade OrganizationChapter 11 Movement of factorsKey points and difficulties：The welfare effects of factor movementBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understand the reason and welfare effect of factor movement in both the sending and receiving countriesChapter 12 Import and Export Trading procedureKey points and difficulties：Business negotiation, import and export trade procedureBasic requirements：LectureGuidelines：Understanding the law of contract, understand the offer and acceptance conditions, grasp the import and export trade process。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)unit 06
Square feet Square foot 平方英尺 平方英寸
(Table 6-1units of Measurement) P 119
Units of Measurement
Weight gram (g), kilogram (kg), ounce (oz), pound (Ib), metric ton (M/T), long ton, short ton, etc. Number piece (pc), package (pkg), pair, set, dozen (doz), gross (gr) ream (rm),etc. Length meter (m), centimeter (cm), foot (ft), yard (yd),etc. Area square meter (sq m), square foot (sq ft), square yard (sq yd) ,etc. Volume ubic-meter (cu m) cubic centimeter (cu cm), cubic foot (ct ft), cubic yard (cu yd) ,etc. Capacity liter (1), gallon (gal), pint (pt), bushel (bu),etc.
1 0.0001
0.8361 0.0929 0.00065 0.111
10000 1
国际贸易Chapter 6商品条款.ppt
The importance of this clause:
According to related laws and practices, this clause is a main component of the Description of Goods, and a fundamental basis of transaction.
intrinsic quality and outside form or shape of the commodity, the former includes physical functions, mechanical performance, chemical composition and biological features of the goods, and the latter includes modeling, structure,color, luster and transparency of the goods, etc.
Requirements of the Quality 品质要求：
1. 对出口商品质量的要求 针对不同市场和不同消费者的需求来确定出口商品质量 不断更新换代和精益求精 适应进口国的有关法令规定和要求 适应国外自然条件、季节变化和销售方式
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点
国际贸易实务双语大二第六章知识点摘要：1.国际贸易实务简介2.双语大二第六章知识点概述3.第六章重点内容详解4.学习策略与建议正文：【1】国际贸易实务简介国际贸易实务是一门理论与实践相结合的课程，主要涉及国际贸易的基本知识、交易流程、合同条款、支付方式、运输和保险等内容。
通过学习这门课程，学生能够掌握国际贸易的基本操作，提高实际业务能力。
【2】双语大二第六章知识点概述本章主要以双语形式，介绍了国际贸易实务中的关键环节，包括：交易前的准备、交易磋商、签订合同、履行合同等。
通过学习本章，学生应能熟练运用英语进行国际贸易沟通，并掌握国际贸易合同的撰写技巧。
【3】第六章重点内容详解3.1 交易前的准备- 市场调研：了解目标市场的需求、行业状况、竞争对手等。
- 产品定位：根据目标市场特点，确定产品策略、价格策略等。
- 寻找合作伙伴：筛选潜在的合作伙伴，评估其信誉、实力等。
3.2 交易磋商- 书面函电：撰写英文商务信函，表达合作意愿、询问报价等。
- 口头沟通：运用英语进行电话、视频等方式的沟通，洽谈业务。
- 商务谈判：就价格、数量、交货期等达成一致。
3.3 签订合同- 合同格式：遵循国际贸易合同通用格式，包括首部、正文、尾部等。
- 合同内容：详细列出货物名称、规格、数量、价格、支付方式等。
- 法律适用：明确合同适用的法律条款，确保合同合法有效。
3.4 履行合同- 出口手续：办理出口许可证、报关、检验等手续。
- 进口手续：办理进口许可证、报关、验收等手续。
- 货物运输：选择合适的运输方式、安排货物运输。
- 货款结算：按照合同约定，办理货款结算事宜。
【4】学习策略与建议- 扎实英语基础：提高英语听说读写能力，为国际贸易沟通奠定基础。
- 专业知识储备：熟悉国际贸易实务各环节，掌握相关法规和惯例。
- 实践操作：参与国际贸易实际业务，积累经验，提高实战能力。
- 案例分析：学习经典案例，了解国际贸易风险，提高防范意识。
国际贸易实务双语教程Chapter 6 International Payment and Settlement
Bill of Exchange (Draft, Bill)
The Classification of the Draft
› According to the different drawer › According to the documents accompanied › According to payment time
6.2 Remittance
The Involved Parties
› Remitter › Payee › Remitting Bank › Paying Bank
6.2 Remittance
Classification
› Mail Transfer, M/T › Telegraphic Transfer, T/T › Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft，D/D › The Usage of the Remittance
International Trade Practice
Chapter 6
Chapter 6 International Payment and Settlement
Instruments of Payment Remittance Collection
6.1 Instruments of Payment
Check (Cheque)
Definition Classification
Check (Cheque)
Definition A check is a sight B/E with the bank
as the payer, that is to say, it is an unconditional order drawn on a banker by the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on demand a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.
国际贸易实务双语教程Chapter 6 International Payment and Settlement共43页文档
Check (Cheque)
Definition A check means a bill issued and
signed by the drawer, appointing the bank or other financial institutes to make payment of a sum certain in money unconditionally to the payee or the check holder.
--from The Negotiable Instruments Law of the People’s Republic of China
Promissory Note
Classification Commercial promissory notes / general promissory notes -- drawn by the commercial firms. -- sight promissory note and time promissory note. Bank promissory notes -- issued and signed by banks.
6.2 Remittance
The Involved Parties
› Remitter › Payee › Remitting Bank › Paying Bank
6.2 Remittance
Classification
› Mail Transfer, M/T › Telegraphic Transfer, T/T › Remittance by Banker’s Demand Draft，D/D › The Usage of the Remittance
国际贸易Unit 6-12之欧阳歌谷创作
Unit 6 Quantity of Goods欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）Key:I.Here given in the following are short forms for some units of measure and weight.Please give the complete form of each:1)吨 2)盎斯 3)磅 4)品脱 5)码 6)加仑 7)令 8)公斤 9)克 10)平方米II. Please fill in the blanks with what you have learnt in this unit.1. If the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity.2. Gross weight refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods.3. There are four ways to calculate tare: by actual tare, by average tare, by customary tare, by computed tare.4. If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess quantity, he must pay for it at the contract rate.5. Conditioned Weight refers to the kind of weight derived from the process, with which the moisture content of the commodity is removed and standardized moisture added both by scientific methods.6. Legal weight is the weight of the goods and the immediate package of the goods.7. A complete more or less term should includethree parts: 1) certain proportion; 2)who has the right to decide the more or less term when the goods are delivered; 3) pay attention to the calculation of more or less clause.8. At the time of the conclusion of a contract, the quantity clause should be clearly and definitely stipulated so as not to give rise to disputes.III. Please give the following definitions for the names in English.1. Gross weight is the sum of total weight of the commodity itself and the tare (the package weight). That’s to say it refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods. weight is the actual weight of commodity without the addition of the tare. In international trade if the goods are sold by weight, the net weight is often used.3. Actual tare: The actual weight of packages of the whole commodities.4.Average tare: In this way, the weight of packages is calculated on the basis of the average tare of a part of the packages.5.Customary tare: The weight of standardized package has a generally recognizer weight which can be used to represent the weight of such packages.6. Computed tare: The weight of package is calculated according to the tare previously agreed upon by the seller and the buyer instead of actual weighing.IV. 简答题1. 答：数量条款规定了买卖双方交货数量及与之有关的权利和义务，他涉及成交数量的确定、计量单位和计量方法的规定及数量机动幅度等内容。
国际贸易与实务 第六章习题答案
国际贸易习题答案配套教材：《国际贸易理论与实务(第二版) 》主编：赵登峰江虹出版社：高等教育出版社2012年8月第六章一、填空题1、自由贸易区2、关税同盟3、贸易转移4、贸易创造5、降低6、《马斯特里赫特条约》（简称《马约》）7、墨西哥8、亚太经济合作组织（APEC）9、内部的开放性10、部门一体化_ __全盘一体化11、水平一体化__垂直一体化__12、小岛清__13、完全经济一体化14、货币政策_15、维纳（Jacob Viner）（或音译为范纳）_ _李普西（R. G. Lipsey）16、部门一体化17、全盘一体化18、水平一体化19、垂直一体化20、协商_21、南方共同市场_22、北美自由贸易区23、经济技术合作方面_24、《东盟宪章》25、_21_二、判断题三、单项选择题四、问答题1、区域经济一体化有哪几种主要形式？答：（一）按照经济一体化的程度来划分，有①自由贸易区②关税同盟③共同市场④经济同盟⑤完全经济一体化（二）按照经济一体化的范围划分，分为：①部门一体化②全盘一体化（三）按照参加国的经济发展水平划分，有：①水平一体化②垂直一体化2.试分析区域经济一体化形成和发展的原因。
答：区域经济一体化发展的主要原因有：①联合一致抗衡外部强大势力，是区域经济一体化的直接动因。
②二战后，科学技术和社会生产力的高速发展，是区域经济一体化的客观基础。
③维护民族经济利益与发展及其政治利益是地区经济一体化形成与发展的内在动因。
无论是发达国家的经济一体化，还是发展中国家的经济一体化，其根本原因都在于维护自身的经济、贸易领利益，为本国经济的发展和综合国力的提高创造更加良好的外部环境。
④贸易与投资自由化是区域经济一体化产生并持续发展的经济源泉。
⑤贸易创造等各种积极的经济效应，是区域经济一体化产生并持续发展的重要原因。
3、你认为哪一种关于区域经济一体化的理论最有说服力？简述各种理论的适用条件。
答：关于区域经济一体化的理论有：（一）关税同盟理论关税同盟是经济一体化组织的基本形式，也是国际一体化进程的核心内容，主要研究对内取消关税和对外统一关税所引起的贸易变化，该理论—直在国际区域经济一体化理论中居于主导地位，也是最为完善的部分。
国际贸易理论与实务第六章
第一节 国际物流概述
• 2. 国际物流仓储子系统
– 国际物流仓储同国际物流运输一样，都是国际贸易和国际 物流不可缺少的环节。
– 国际物流仓储不仅包括对进出口商品的储存保管，而且还 包括出口加工、挑选、整理、包装、刷唛、备货、组装、 配送和发运等一系列工作。
– 保税货物是在各国的保税区和保税仓库进行的，主要涉及 各国保税制度和保税仓库建设等方面。保税仓库的出现， 为国际物流的海关仓储提供了既经济又便利的条件。
第一节 国际物流概述
• 四、 国际物流系统
– （一） 系统的组成
• 1. 国际物流运输子系统
– 运输的作用是将商品使用价值进行空间位移，物流系统依 靠运输作业克服商品生产地和需要地的空间距离，创造了 商品的空间效益。国际货物运输是国际物流系统的核心， 具有路线长、环节多、涉及面广、手续繁杂、风险性大、 时间性强等特点。
– 随着国际市场竞争的日趋激烈，世界各国日益加强了对国 际物流系统中信息流的管理，把提高信息流水平和技术作 为降低国际物流成本、提高国际物流服务水平和质量、提 高整个国际物流效益和运行可靠性的发展战略。目前，已 应用于国际物流系统的信息技术主要有电子数据交换、条 形码技术和全球卫星定位系统等。
第一节 国际物流概述
– 国际物流是跨越关境的货物流通，为了维护国家政治、经 济、文化利益，各国海关都对进出口货物实施必要的监督 管理。
– 在我国，检验检疫机构与海关建立了“先报检、后报关” 的通关协调机制，海关一律凭报关地检验检疫机构签发的 通关单验放货物。
第一节 国际物流概述
• 6. 国际物流信息子系统
– 国际物流信息是国际物流活动的反映，也是组织和调控国 际物流活动的依据。其主要内容包括进出口单证的作业过 程、支付方式信息、客户资料信息、市场行情信息和供求 信息等。
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3. Para-tariff measures超关税措施
(1)Customs surcharges海关额外税. （ 2）Additional taxes and charges:额外的税收和费用
（3）Internal taxes and charges levied onitive measures反竞争措施
Measures to grant exclusive or special preferences or privileges to one or more limited group of economic operators, for social fiscal economic or political reasons.
Forms of Non-tariff Barriers 1.Quantity control measures 1) Non-automatic licence非自动进口许可证:
An import licence which is not granted automaticallyIssued on a discretionary basis or require specific criteria to be met beforeit is granted.
(1)Single channel for imports: (2)Compulsory national service
6. Miscellaneous measures各种各样的措施
(1)To subsidize import-competing industries
(2) Government procurement policy歧视性政府采购政策
2. Price control measures
(1) Administrative pricing政府限价: Minimum import prices or prices set according to a reference.进口最低限价 (2) Variable charges各种收费 : Taxes or levies aimed at bringing the market prices of imported agricultural and food products in line with the prices of corresponding domestic products. 3) Antidumping or countervailing measures反倾销或反补贴措施: To offset the effect of dumping or subsidies. They can take the form of price undertakings to increase the export price。
(3) Administrative classification
(4) Technical measures技术措施、技术壁垒
4) Prohibition禁运:
Prohibition Includes total prohibition, a prohibition without any conditionor qualifications and other prohibitions for special reasons.
(5) “Voluntary” export restraints (VERs) 自动出口限制:
An exporting country “voluntarily” limits its exports in order to avoid imposition of mandatory restrictions by the importing country.
（4）Decreed customs valuation海关估价制
4. Finance measures财政措施
(1) Advance payment requirements进口押金制度 (2) Multiple exchange rates (3) Restrictive official foreign exchange allocation外汇管制 (4) Prohibition of foreign exchange allocation: (5) Bank authorization (6) Surrender requirement
(2) Quota配额
(1) Absolute quota: (2)Tariff rate quota:
：Government-imposed restriction on quantity, or sometimes on total value. (weight, units, value)
(3) Quantitative safeguard measures数量安全措施: