【云南省2014届高三寒假作业(4)英语 Word版含答案]
高中英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷：北京专用04 阅读培优小卷 (原卷版)
高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷北京专用04第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A（2022春·北京·高一人大附中）The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come—certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition(转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought.It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the world’s leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster.Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(排放),while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation(安装).There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to take no notice of the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2025, along with a 20%increase in the use of renewable energy.The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic US improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large—scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid—century.1．Vaclav Smil believes that ________.A．renewable energies are not very practicalB．the change to renewables will come slowlyC．systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set upD．there are many setbacks of renewable energies2．We can learn from the passage that European Union ________.A．has cut down half of the carbon emissionsB．has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissionsC．is trying its best to encourage the use of renewablesD．tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables3．The renewables are more competitive because of ________.A．their falling prices B．the decline in the coal industryC．international trade D．the new rules on CO2 emission4．According to the passage, ________.A．Smil’s forecast has proved to be inaccurate in all situationsB．Renewable energy serves as a major source of energy in today’s worldC．Companies supported the rules made by US Environmental Protection AgencyD．There has been a steady improvement in the efficiency of wind and solar systems5．The author writes this passage in order to ________.A．call on people to use fewer fossil fuelsB．give advice on how to promote renewablesC．argue that the energy transition will come soonerD．prove that renewables will be the major source of energyB（2022春·北京·高一北师大实验中学）A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars ofthe present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.6．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize ______.A．sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by peopleB．sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and effortsC．different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatnessD．the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays7．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.A．role models usually have positive influence on their fansB．sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the lawC．all the fans will follow their heroes’ actionsD．no duty is given to sportsmen8．The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.A．put off B．removed from C．related to D．forced on9．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To advise the media to choose proper events to report.B．To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models.C．To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities.D．To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as heroes.C（2023春·北京·高一北京市第五中学）Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.There’s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.10．What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．What contributes to one’s language improvements?B．Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C．Does the language one uses influence one’s moral judgments?D．How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?11．When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to ______. A．care less about the five peopleB．pull the switch to the side tracksC．remain hesitant about what to doD．sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge12．The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.A．consideration B．guidanceC．selection D．arrangement13．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A．Bilingual people are less emotional than others.B．Native language learning involves greater emotions.C．Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.D．Academic settings promote foreign language learning.D（2022春·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中）For 18 years after her retirement, Deng Xiaolan volunteered to teach music in a village in Fuping county, Hebei province. Her inspirational teaching and the enthusiasm and talent of her pupils made the 44 children from Malan village sing the Olympic anthem (颂歌) in Greek at the opening ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics on Feb, which were one of the highlights of the night.Deng’s involvement with the rural children can be dated back to her parents. Her father Deng Tuo was the publisher of Jinchaji Daily, a newspaper which was based in Malan village in Fuping county, Hebei province, from 1939 to 1948. During the Japanese aggression (侵略), 19 Malan locals were killed for refusing to divulge information about the newspaper. Under the influence of her parents, who both had a passion for music, she learned the violin and singing when she was young. She joined the school band after entering Tsinghua University, and also taught her workmates to play the violin after graduation.In 2003, when Deng Xiaolan returned to the village to remember the persons who were killed by Japanese invaders, a group of local children also attended the ceremony. She wanted to sing a song together with the children in commemoration (纪念仪式), but none of the children knew the well-known songs she named.“If the children couldn’t sing, then they wouldn’t know how to appreciate music. Life would be so colorless if it doesn’t have music,” Deng said. “My parents lived and fought here when they were young, and they wanted the locals to live a happy life. So I thought if I had the chance, I must teach them to sing.”Deng began to travel between Beijing and the village since 2004 to teach the children music. She collected instruments and also rebuilt the school houses by raising funds and using her own money. As the children had no background in music, she had to teach them basic music knowledge.Two years later, she formed the Malan Band. Among more than 200 students taught by Deng, many left themountainous village to receive university education, some of whom are studying art at university or have entered a career in art education.14．What contributed to the 44 children sing at the opening ceremony?A．They have a good command of Greek.B．The Winter Olympics Committee chose them.C．Deng’s inspirational deeds and talent of her pupils.D．Deng Xiaolan taught them and helped them sign up.15．What can we know about Deng’s life in paragraph 2?A．She was a publisher of Jinchaji Daily.B．She majored in music in Tsinghua University.C．Her father was killed during Japanese aggression.D．Her parents played an important role in her love of music.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014-2015学年高三寒假作业 化学(四) Word版含答案
高三化学寒假作业（四）一．选择题（共7小题，每个小题只有一个正确选项）2．在d轨道中电子排布成，而不排成其直接根据是（）4．短周期元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，其中Y、Z原子的核外电子数之和与X、W原子的核外电子数之和相等，Z单质可以用来冶炼其它熔点较高的金属，X和W间可形5．向盛有硫酸铜水溶液的试管里加入氨水，首先形成难溶物，继续添加氨水，难溶物溶解6．水星大气中含有一种被称为硫化羰（化学式为COS）的物质．已知硫化羰与CO2的结构硫化羰的电子式为7．PH3在常温下是无色有大蒜气味的气体，它的分子呈三角锥形，以下关于PH3的叙述中正二．填空题（共3小题）8．A、B、C、D是原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素，他们分别按原子个数1：1组成甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质，已知：甲由A、B组成，常温为气态；乙由A、C组成，常温为液态；丙由A、D组成，丁为C、D组成，丙丁均为离子化合物．根据以上信息回答：（1）D在周期表处于第_________周期_________族；乙的电子式：_________；丙的化学式_________；（2）丁遇水易变质，请用化学方程式解释．_________（3）标准状况下，5.6L甲完全燃烧生成稳定氧化物放出325KJ热，则甲燃烧热的热化学方程式为：_________．9．氧是地壳中含量最多的元素．（1）氧元素基态原子核外未成对电子数为_________个．（2）H2O分子内的O﹣H键、分子间的范德华力和氢键从强到弱依次为_________．的沸点比高，原因是_________．（3）H+可与H2O形成H3O+，H3O+原子采用_________杂化．H3O+中H﹣O﹣H键角比H2O中H﹣O﹣H键角大，原因为_________．10．在Ni、NiO、Ni3C、γ﹣Al2O3组成的催化剂表面，可实现H2O、CO2及CH4合成乙醇．（1）下列说法正确的是_________（选填序号）．A．第一电离能：碳原子大于氧原子B．CO2分子中含有2个σ键和2个π键C．CH4分子中碳原子采用sp3杂化D．二甲醚的沸点比乙醇高（2）镍原子基态时的核外电子排布式_________．（3）NiO晶胞如图所示，每个晶胞中与每个Ni2+距离相等且最近的Ni2+有_________个，某种有缺陷的氧化镍晶体由Ni2+、Ni3+、O2﹣及空隙组成，可表示为Ni0.98O，则n（Ni2+）/n （Ni3+）=_________．（4）对苯二甲酸（）、4，4’﹣联吡啶[（可简化为）]等与Ni2+能形成多核配合物．配合物[Ni2（TPHA）（bpy）4]（ClO4）2络离子的结构如下图：该络合物中配位原子是：_________；依据价层互斥理论，ClO4﹣空间结构为_________型．参考答案一选择题1.D2.D3.B4.A5.B6.B7.B；+键、氢键、范德华力；形成分子内氢键，而形成分；。
云南省昆明一中2014届高三开学考试 生物 word版含答案
昆明第一中学2014届高三开学考试生物试题试卷总分：100分考试时间：90分钟第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共50分）一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共25小题）1．关于噬菌体与大肠杆菌的说法，不正确的是（）A．二者都具有繁殖的生命特征B．二者的遗传物质都是核酸C．培养皿中的一个大肠杆菌菌落是一个种群D．一个被侵染的大肠杆菌中的全部子代噬菌体是一个种群2．下列关于原核细胞和真核细胞的叙述中正确的是（）A．含有叶绿素的一定是真核细胞B．没有核膜和染色体的一定是原核细胞C．含有有氧呼吸酶的可以是原核细胞D．没有生物膜系统的不可能是真核细胞3．下列哪一组物质或结构的化学元素组成是不相同的（）A．乳酸菌的基因与酵母菌的细胞膜B．蓝藻的核糖体与玉米细胞的细胞壁C．骨骼肌细胞的线粒体与水绵细胞的染色体D．花生种子细胞中的脂肪与人体肝细胞中的糖原4．如图所示的某条多肽链中有3个甘氨酸（位于第8、20、23位）参与其组成。
下列叙述正确的是（）A．此多肽至少含有N原子和O原子各30个B．形成此多肽时，参与脱水缩合的氨基酸相对分子总量减少了540C．用特殊水解酶选择性除去3个甘氨酸，形成的产物中有一个不是多肽D．若组成此多肽的氨基酸种类、数目和排列顺序都不变，则它只能构成一种蛋白质分子5．人体的成熟红细胞所具有的蛋白质，不可能具有的功能是（）A．催化完成细胞中的呼吸作用B．作为识别信号的物质C．参与血红蛋白基因的转录D．运载葡萄糖进入细胞内6．发菜和白菜细胞中的遗传物质，含有的碱基种类分别是（）A．4种、4种B．4种、5种C．5种、5种D．5种、4种7．核酸和蛋白质是组成生物体的两种重要大分子物质，其中核酸控制着蛋白质的合成。
对二者关系的描述，错误的是（）A．组成它们的基本元素都是C、H、O、NB．它们的合成过程中都有水产生C．它们的结构及种类都具有物种特异性D．它们分子的多样性是细胞多样性的根本原因8．汉堡包的制作原料有鸡胸肉、面包、鸡蛋、生菜等。
2014-2015学年高三寒假作业 物理(四)Word版含答案
高三物理寒假作业（四）一、选择题1.某时刻，两车从同一地点、沿同一方向做直线运动，下列关于两车的位移x 、速度v 随时间t 变化的图象，能反应t 1时刻两车相遇的是（ ）2.如图所示，北斗导航系统中两颗卫星，均为地球同步卫星．某时刻位于轨道上的A 、 B 两位置．设地球表面处的重力加速度为g ，地球半径为R ，地球自转周期为T.则（ ）A ．两卫星线速度大小均为2R T πBC ．卫星l 由A 运动到B 所需的最短时间为3TD ．卫星l 由A 运动到B 的过程中万有引力做正功3.许多科学家在物理学发展过程中作出了重要的贡献，下列说法符合物理学史实的是（ ） A ．牛顿发现了万有引力定律，并通过实验测出引力常量 B ．奥斯特发现了电流的磁效应，并得出电磁感应定律 C ．伽利略通过实验，为牛顿第一定律的建立奠定基础D ．哥白尼提出了日心说，并发现行星沿椭圆轨道运行的规律4.如图10（a ）所示，固定在水平桌面上的光滑金属寻轨cd 、eg 处于方向竖直向下的匀强磁场中，金属杆mn 垂直于导轨放置，与寻轨接触良好。
在两根导轨的端点d 、e 之间连接一电阻，其他部分的电阻忽略不计。
现用一水平向右的外力F 作用在mn 上，使mn 由静止开始向右在导轨上滑动，运动中mn 始终垂直于导轨。
取水平向右的方向为正方向，图（b ）表示一段时间内mn 受到的安培力f 随时间t 变化的关系，则外力F 随时间t 变化的图象是（ ）5.如图6所示，实线是沿x轴传播的一列简谐横波在t=0时刻的波形图，虚线是这列波在t-=0．2 s 时刻的波形图。
已知该波的波速是0.8 m/s，下列说法正确的是（）A．这列波的波长是14 cmB．这列波的周期是0.15 sC．这列波可能是沿x轴正方向传播的D．t=0时，x=4 cm处的质点速度沿y轴正方向6.已知某玻璃对蓝光的折射率比对红光的折射率大，则（）A．蓝光光子的能量较大B．在该玻璃中传播时，蓝光的速度较大C．从该玻璃中射入空气发生反射时，蓝光的临界角较大D．以相同的入射角从空气斜射入该玻璃中，蓝光的折射角较大二、实验题7.为了探究加速度与力的关系，某同学设计了如图所示的实验装置，带滑轮的长木板水平放置，板上有两个光电门相距为d，滑块通过细线与重物相连，细线的拉力F大小等于力传感器的示数．让滑块从光电门1由静止释放，记下滑到光电门2的时间t，改变重物质量来改变细绳拉力大小，重复以上操作5次，得到下列表格中5组数据．(1)若测得两光电门之间距离为d=0．5m，运动时间t=0．5s，则a= m/s2；(2)依据表中数据在坐标纸上画出a-F图象．(3)由图象可得滑块质量m= kg ，滑块和轨道间的动摩擦因数μ= 。
【2014红河州一模】云南省红河州2014届高三毕业生复习统一检测英语试题 Word版含答案
红河州2014届高中毕业生复习统一检测英语试题1. —I have some big news for you. You’re admitted to Beijing University.— ______ That’s great!A. Pardon?B. Am I?C. Congratulations!D. Good idea!2. Mr. Wu, headteacher of Class One, advised that all the kids ________ the burdens if they wanted to do better.A．put across B．put out C．put away D．put off3. — I wonder how much you charge for the massage.— The first one is free ________ the second costs $30.A. untilB. whileC. whenD. before4. I don't like the way________he often uses to speak to me.A. whatB. at whichC. whereD. which5. Several days after the interview I received a letter________ me the job. A．offering B．offered C．having offered D．to be offered6. When we lived in England 8 years ago，we ________ often go to school together. A．would B．will C．shall D．could7. — Good morning，I wonder if you can help. I ________ my umbrella.— Oh，where did you lose it，madam?A．lost B．have lost C．had lost D．lose8. — My teacher asked what the boy came here for.— He came here especially to ________ acquaintance of the girl.A．take B．get C．make D．produce9. Li Ming is very happy because the English scores he got in the Entrance Examination have never been ________.A．highest B．the higher C．most high D．higher10. — When shall we go planting trees on the hill?— ________ it begins to rain，so they don't need watering.A．Not until B．While C．Till D．Unless11. Yoga is not popular ________ our city because most people think it is tooexpensive to take the classes.A．among B．with C．in D．on12. ________ on the top of the hill is a monument，dating back to hundreds of years ago.A．Having stood B．StandingC．Being stood D．Having been stood13.What ________ fun communicating with you in ________ form of sending e-mails!A．/；the B．/；a C．a；the D．a；/14. Then one day you will realize that the things that matter are _____ that can't bebought with money.A．these B．ones C．those D．some 15. — Jenny，you look very happy. What happened?— ________ I've passed the exam.A．Well done! B．What for? C．So what? D．Guess what!第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
高三英语寒假作业阅读理解
为⼤家整理的⾼三英语寒假作业阅读理解⽂章,供⼤家学习参考！更多最新信息请点击ACompassion is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate compassion into actions. An experience last weekend showed me this is true. I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are out main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机)with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash (现⾦), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.I couldn’t help staring at him. I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world. I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable. “Change it to me, ” was all he said.What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either. Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.56. The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits_________ .A.hoped to have the food first and pay laterB.promised to obey the store rulesC.forgot to take any money with himD.could not afford anything more expensive57. Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?A.kind and luckyB.friendly and helpfulC.poor and lonelyD.hurt and disappointed58. The writer acted upon the store rules because_________ .A.he felt no pity for the old gentlemanB.he considered the old man dishonestC.he expected someone else to pay for the old manD.he wanted to keep his present job59. What does the writer learn from his experience?A.Wealth is more important than anything elseB.Experience is better gained through practiceC.Obeying the rules means more than compassion.D.Helping others is easier said than doneBBlamelessI was a freshman in college when I met the Whites. They were completely different from my own family, yet I felt at home with them immediately. Jane White and I became friends at school, and her family welcomed me like a long-lost cousin.In my family, it was always important to place blame when anything bad happened.“Who did this? ”my mother would scream about a dirty kitchen.“This is all your fault, Katharine, ”my father would insist when the cat got out or the dishwasher broke.From the time we were little, my sister, brothers and I told on each other. We set a place for blame at the dinner table.But the Whites didn’t worry about who had done what. They picked up the pieces and moved on with their lives. The beauty of this was driven home to me the summer Jane died.In July, the White sisters and I decided to take a car trip from their home in Florida to New York. The two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, were college students, and the youngest, Amy, had recently turned sixteen. Proud of having a new driver’s license(驾照)，Amy was excited about practicing her driving on the trip. She showed off her license to everyone she met. The big sisters shared the driving of Sarah’s new car during the first part of the trip, but when they reached less crowded areas, they let Amy take over. Somewhere in South Carolina, we pulled off the highway to eat. After lunch, Amy got behind the wheel. She came to a crossroads with a stop sign. Whether she was nervous or just didn’t see the sign no one would ever know, but Amy continued into the crossroads without stopping. The driver of a large truck, unable to stop in time, ran into our car.Jane was killed immediately.I was slightly injured. The most difficult thing that I’ve ever done was to call the Whites to tell them about the accident and that Jane had died. Painful as it was for me to lose a good friend, I knew that it was far worse for them to lose a child.When Mr. and Mrs. White arrived at the hospital, they found their two daughters sharing a room. Sarah had a few cuts on the head; Amy’s leg was broken. They hugged(拥抱)us all and cried tears of sadness and of joy at seeing their daughters. They wiped away the girls’ tears and made a few jokes at Amy as she learned to use her crutches(拐杖).To both of their daughters, and especially to Amy, over and over they simply said, “We’re so glad that you’re alive. ”I was astonished. No blame. No accusations.Later, I asked the Whites why they never talked about the fact that Amy was driving and had run a stop sign.Mrs. White said, “Jane’s gone, and we miss her terribly. Nothing we say or do will ever bring her back. But Amy has her whole life ahead of her. How can she lead a full and happy life if she feels we blame her for her sister’s death? ”They were right. Amy graduated from the University of California and got married several years ago. She works as a teacher of learning-disabled students. She’s also a mother of two little girls of her own, the oldest named Jane.60. How did the accident occur?A. Amy didn’t know what to do when she saw the stop sign.B. Amy didn’t slow down so their car ran into a truck.C. Amy didn’t stop at a crossroads and a truck hit their car.D. Amy didn’t get off the highway at a crossroads.61. The Whites did not blame Amy for Jane’s death because _____.A. Amy was badly injured herself and they didn’t want to add to her painB. they didn’t want to blame their children in front of othersC. they didn’t want Amy to feel ashamed and sorry for the rest of her lifeD. Amy was their youngest daughter and they loved her best62. From the passage we can learn that _____.A. Amy has lived quite a normal lifeB. Amy has never recovered from the shockC. Amy changed her job after the accidentD. Amy lost her memory after the accidentCA rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals.This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(⼆氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests.People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this.Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two.Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world's wood supply.Rainforests are often called the world's drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests.However，fewer than 1%of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value.It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.63.Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ______.A.reflect more heat into the atmosphereB.reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earthC.bring about high rainfall throughout the worldD.rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃64.What does the word“this”underlined in the third paragraph refer to?A.Humans have begun destroying rainforests.B.People have a strong desire for resources.C.We will lose much more than we can gain.D.Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.65.It can be inferred from the text that ______.A.we can get enough resources without rainforestsB.we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained landC.the level of annual rainfall affects wind patternsD.there is great medicine potential in rainforests66.What might be the best title for the text?A.Rainforests and the EnvironmentB.How to Save RainforestsC.How to Protect NatureD.Rainforests and Medical DevelopmentDThe Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(⾝体上).Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills c o n t a i n z e r o c a l o r i e o n l y b ec a u s e t h ed ie t i n d u s t r y h a s c r e a t e d c h e m i c a l s t o p r o d u c e t h e s e w o n d e r p r o d u c t s . D i e t p r od u c t s m a y n o t be n u t r i t i o n a l , a n d t h e c h e m i c a l t h a t g o i n t o d i e t p r o d u c t s a r e p o t e n t i a l l y d a n g e r o u s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 4 1 " > N o w t h a t w e a r e a w a r e o f t h e e f f e c t s t h a t d i e t p r o d u c t s h a v e o n u s , i t i s t i m e t o s e r i o u s l y t h i n k a b o u t b u y i ng th e m . L o si n g w e i g h t l i e s i n t h e p o w e r o f m i n d s , n o t i n t h e p o w e r o f c h e m i c a l s . O n c e w e r e a l i z e t h i s , w e w i l l b e m u c h b e t t e r a b l e t o r e s i s t d i e t p r o d u c t s , a n d t h e r e f o r e p r e v e n t t h e p s y c h o l o g i c a l h a r m t h a t c o m e s f r o m u s i n g t h e m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 6 7 . F r o m P a r a g r a p h 1 , w e l e a r n t h a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > A . d i e t p r o d u c t s f a i l t o b r i n g o u t p e o p l e s p o t e n t i a l / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > B . p e o p l e a r e f e d u p w i t h d i e t p r o d u c t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > C . p e o p l e h a v e d i f f i c u l t y i n c h o o s i n g d i e t p r o d u c t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > D . d i e t p r o d u c t s a r e m i s l e a d i n g p e o p l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 6 8 . O n e p s y c h o l o g i c a l e f f e c t o f d i e t p r o d u c t s i s t h a t p e o p l e t e n d t o _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > A . h e s i t a t e b e f o r e t h e y e nj o y d i e t f o o d s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > B . p a y a t t e n t i o n t o t h e i r o w n e a t i n g h a b i t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > C . w a t c h t h e i r w e i g h t r a t h e r t h a n t h e i r d i e t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > D . t r y o u t a v a r i e t y o f d i e t f o o d s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 6 9 . I n P a r a g r a p h 3 , g a i n c o m e s w i t h o u t p a i n p r o b a b l y m e a n s _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > A . l o s i n g w e i g h t i s e f f o r t l e s s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > B . d i e t p r o d u c t s b r i n g n o p a i n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > C . i t c o s t s a l o t t o l o s e w e i g h t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > D . d i e t p r o d u c t s a r e f r e e f r o m c a l o r i e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 7 0 . D i e t p r o d u c t s i n d i r e c t l y h a r m p e o p l e p h y s i c a l l y b e c a u s e s u c h p r o d u c t s _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > A . l a ck b a s i c n u t r i e n t s B . a r e o v e r - c o n s u m e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > C . a r e s h o r t o f c h e m i c al s D . p r o v i d e t o om u c h en e r g y / p > / d i v > d i v i d = " f lo a t _ b t n " c l a s s = " " b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n l e f t _ b t n " i d = " c op y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a r g e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = " d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d s f i d = " 1 6 2 " >。
高三英语寒假作业：(九)(Word版含答案)
高三英语寒假作业（九）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．AA newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease. Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indir ectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.1. What is TRUE about the Framingham Study?A. It was only conducted in 1948.B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.C. It was led by John Cacioppo.D. It showed that any behavior could spread.2. Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people.B. People feel lonely for many reasons.C. Ways to fight against loneliness.D. Lonely people can affect others.BEveryone would like to be a millionaire , a person with a lot of money, but can you imagine having over $30 million and only being 20 years old? Britney Spears from Kentwood, a small town in Louisiana, is only 20 years old. She is a world famous film star with not only $30 million but also a $2 million house in LA. At her young age, she can look after her family financially (经济上) all her life. This year is a big year for Britney. She is now on a 31-day tour of the US and every concert is a sell-out. That means she plays in front of a crowd of around 18,000 people every time. It’s a tiring schedule but brings her a lot. When touring, she goes to bed around 1 a.m. and then has a lie-in until 1 p.m. the next day. Her philosophy (人生观) is to take care of the body and relax but always make sure you work hard and have fun.Spears is not pleased with only touring and selling nearly 40 million records so she decided to step into the movie business and try a bit of acting. She made an appearance in “Austin Power 3”this year and she is filming a teenage light play that will come out in March 2003. In this movie, she has a starring role.For Britney, acting is another way to express herself and she is enthusiastic (热心的) about it all. If her movies are successful, her money in the bank is sure to grow by another few million dollars but she does it for the love, not the money, as she herselftells the reporters .1. We can infer (推断) from the text that most millionaires are __________.A. older than 20B. around 20C. in their 30sD. in their 40s2. The underlined word “you”in the first paragraph refers to __________.A. a person in generalB. a special personC. Britney SpearsD. a person interested in money3. Which of the following is not true according to the text?A. Though young, Britney can support her family now.B. While touring, Britney sleeps about 12 hours a day.C. The teenage comedy movie was based on Britney’s own story.D. Britney will be even richer with her movies successful.4. According to Britney Spears, she works __________.A. to be a great actressB. for the enjoymentC. for moneyD. to be more famousCBecause I am extremely vulnerable to both slick advertising and peer pressure, I’ve been thinking about getting an iPad. But here’s the problem: I’m cheap, and the iPad’s not. If I’m going to fork over at least $499 for a new device, I want to try it out and make sure it’s not just a larger, shinier version of my iPhone. But if I went to my local Apple Store, I’d get to spend only a few minutes testin g out the machine. I wanted more time than that, so I rented one for $15 a day from a guy on SnapGoods.The Internet start-up in Brooklyn runs on simple reasoning: there are people who want to borrow stuff –camping equipment, food processors, robot vacuums, etc. –and there are people who have stuff they want to lend. SnapGoods helps these two groups connect over the Web. SnapGoods is one of many sites that have sprung up to facilitate offline sharing. Some sites have a narrow, obvious focus (like ) while others are more obscure (Neighborhood Fruit helpspeople share what’s growing in their yards or find fruit trees on public land). But regardless of whether the sharing is free or involves a fee, these transactions often come with a stick-it-to-the-man attitude. ―Borrow these things from your neighbors,‖ reads one earnest request on , ―The owner-ship has SAILED!‖All of these sites are encouraging something academics call collaborative consumption – in other words, peer-to-peer sharing or renting. Renting something you don’t need to use very often makes a lot more sense than buying it and letting it collect dust in your garage. There’s a green aspect as well, since sharing helps cut down on overall use of resources. But one of collaborative consumption’s most surprising benefits turns out to be social. In an era when families are scattered around the country and we may not know the people down the street from us, sharing things –even with strangers we’ve just met online –allows us to make meaningful connections.―This isn’t just about saving the environment or saving a dollar,‖ says SnapGoods CEO Ron Williams, who came up with the idea after renting a stranger’s motorcycle via Craigslist. ―This is about saving yourself by makin g informed consumer decisions.‖I’m not sure if I got a thrill when I borrowed Goodwin’s iPad, but it did feel good to make a connection. In the end, though, I decided not to purchase an iPad. Sorry, Steve Jobs. I’m just not that into owning things anymore.1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the author’s renting an iPad instead of buying one?A. The iPad is expensive and the author wants to make sure an iPad is worthy.B. He has already got an iPhone and expects to test the better quality of iPad.C. The local Apple Store only offters limited time to test out the machine.D. The iPad is so expensive that he cannot afford it.2. SnapGoods is a website which________.A. facilitates online sharingB. helps people borrow things from their neighborsC. connects borrowers and lenders for stuff sharingD. sells iPad online3. What is Ron Williams’ attitude towards collaborative consumption?A. FavorableB. CriticalC. IndifferentD. Not known4. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. SnapGoods: a Good Place For ShoppingB. Borrow, Don’t Buy: Websites That Let Strangers ShareC. Why Do I RentD. Tips For Selling Things On the InternetDHigh school dropouts earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study denies a common belief why they quit. It’s much more basic than flunking out(不及格).Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can’t make it. They are lazy, and perhaps not too bright. So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.―The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.‖John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About 1 million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic(美籍西班牙的)students will receive a diploma, and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So, if failing grades don’t explain why these kids quit, what does? Again, John Bridgeland: ―The most dependable finding was that they were bored.‖―They found classes uninteresting；they weren’t inspired or motivated. They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.‖The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US, only one state, New Mexico, has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus theDistrict of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions. Jeffrey Garin, another researcher, says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.―As these dropouts look back, they realize they’ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and see it through to the end, is probably help ful measure.‖New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18.But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point—the need for reform. It’s been called for to reinven t high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.【小题1】Most high school students drop out of school because_______.A.they have failing gradesB.B. they take no interest in classesC. they are mistreatedD. they are lazy and not intelligent【小题2】According to the passage, which state has a law requiring school attendance until they graduate?A.New HampshireB. UtahC. New MexicoD. The District of Columbia【小题3】The underlined words ―stick it out‖probably means―________‖.A. complete schoolingB. solve the problemC. love having classesD. believe in themselves【小题4】In the last paragraph, the writer is trying to________.A. analyze the reason why students quit schoolB. suggest raising the compulsory attendance ageC. raise awareness of reforming high school educationD. wish to make laws to guarantee no dropout第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）【题文】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(4)Unit 3 Sports and Fitness—高一英语人教版(2019)寒假作业
（4）Unit 3 Sports and Fitness——2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）寒假作业第一部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AToday, roller skating is easy and fun. But many years ago, it wasn't easy at all. Before 1750, people never tried skating on wheels. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin's work was making instruments. In his free time he liked to play the violin. Merlin was a man with many ideas and many dreams. People called him a dreamer.One day Merlin received an invitation to go to an important party. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think. He wanted to find a way to make a wonderful entrance at the party. Merlin had an idea. He thought that he would attract a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of them. He dreamed of arriving at the party and skating into the room while playing the violin. He was sure that everyone would be very surprised.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room, playing his violin. Everyone was really surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skating. He rolled on, playing the violin. Then, with all eyes on him, Merlin hit into a huge mirror on the wall. The mirror broke into many pieces with a very loud noise.Nobody forgot Merlin's wonderful entrance after that.1. People called Merlin a dreamer because _______.A. he slept and dreamed a lotB. he was full of different ideasC. he invented the first roller skatesD. he always made people's dreams come true2. What was Merlin's problem after he rolled into the room?A. He couldn't stop his roller skating.B. He couldn't attract a lot of attention.C. Everyone was surprised at him.D. He couldn't play the violin while rolling.3. What's the best title for the passage?A. Joseph Merlin's StoryB. How Roller Skating Was InventedC. A Surprising Entrance to the PartyD. Roller SkatingBI was given the book Running on Faith written by Jason Lester as a birthday gift last month. After I started reading, I really couldn't keep my eyes off it. It is always inspiring to read a story of someone who has gone through obstacles to reach his goals.Jason Lester is a disabled extreme athlete. When he was twelve years old, a fast car ran a red light and hit him. Then he was sent into the hospital with twenty broken bones and a seriously injured arm. Jason had always wanted to become a famous baseball player, but at that time that dream was gone.However, Jason loved sports and he still wanted to be a good athlete. He began running and taking part in duathlons(铁人两项比赛) in high school. Years later in 2004, he decidedto start training for the Ironman, and has competed in many extreme races since then. In 2008, Jason became the first disabled athlete to complete the Ultraman (320 miles of biking, swimming and running), and it led him to an ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete with a Disability in 2009.If you are in a bad situation and don't know what to do now, Running on Faith is a good book for you. If you love running and want to reach some race goals, this book is good for you, too. Anyway, this book is worth reading for everyone who loves reading and wants to turn dreams into reality.1. What does the underlined word "obstacles" in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Arrangements.B. Worries.C. Difficulties.D. Experiences.2.What happened to Jason Lester when he was 12?A.He ran a red light and got injured.B.He was seriously hurt in the accident.C.He lost the courage to be an extreme athlete.D.He decided to play baseball after the accident.3.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Taking part in the duathlon.B.Training himself in running.peting in many extreme races.pleting the Ultraman.4.Why does the author write the last paragraph?A.To show how dreams can come true.B.To explain why Running on Faith is popular.C.To recommend reading Running on Faith.D.To explore the way to be a good athlete.CIt is probably the strangest sport anyone has ever invented. And at first sight, it looks like the easiest. Competitors have to do two things. The first is to stand still. The second is to place their hands anywhere on the body of a car, and keep it there.This is where things start getting difficult. Lots of people are doing the same thing. And the winner of the "handathon" contest is the person who can carry on doing it for the longest time. That person gets to own the car.It still seems to be an easy thing to do. At the beginning it is. Anyone can stand still. But when the contest has been going for four or five days, standing still seems like the most difficult job in the world. And keeping the hand in place over this time becomes an act of serious attention. After a few days, the hand seems to belong to someone else—someone who wants to go home and get some sleep.Competitors are allowed to take a five-minute break every hour to eat, drink or do whatever else is necessary. No one is allowed to lean on the car for support. Winners need to be able to show great powers of attention. They also need to be able to develop special skills. Maybe the popularity of the "handathon" is due to the fact that it is not necessary to be a trained athlete to enter. Competitors in the Longview Handathon certainly don't seem to do much preparation. Most say they will prepare by "getting lots of sleep". Others say they will "eat healthy food" or "pray for success". The whole event gives ordinary people the chance to do something interesting and win something in the end.Handathons are competitions, but there is little rivalry(竞争) between competitors. They help each other out and keep each other's spirits up. People who drop out early return with food, drink and encouragement.1.What ability is the most important in a "handathon"?A.Not leaning on the car.B.Standing without any support.C.Eating and drinking in five minutes.D.Having strong powers of attention.2.Why is the "handathon" popular?A.Someone can win with special training.B.Anyone who is interested can join in it.C.It doesn't need to make any preparation.D.People get along well with each other in it.3.Which of the following statements about the "handathon" is RIGHT?petitors are not allowed to drop out.petitors don't encourage each other.petitors can sit down and take a 10-minute break every hour.D.A competitor has to place his or her hand anywhere on the body of a car.4.Which is the writer's opinion about the "handathon"?A.It is the easiest of all sports.B.It can last a whole day.C.It is not as easy as it looks at first.D.It is no good competing in a "handathon".DImagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The researchers received a $3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project. They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence, or AI, to Hasbro's "Joy for All" robotic cat.The cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a "companion"(陪伴) for older people. Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliot. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia(痴呆). The boy for All cat that Elliot bought this year has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Eliot is at work. Elliot said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when he walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking cat, however. Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message. In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.1.What's the purpose of the project?A.To reduce the pain of the elderly.B.To increase the sales of a medicine.C.To help make the robotic cat smarter.D.To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.2.What can we know about the cat?A.It will be on sale in two years.B.It may be cheaper in the future.C.Its abilities will be made simpler for the elderly.D.It can tell the activities older adults need the most.3.What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?A.The cat gives much help to the elderly.B.The cat works well to talk with the patient.C.The cat can make the dementia patient less painful.D.The cat should be designed to satisfy patients' need.4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Each family can afford such a cat in the future.B.A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.C.Feelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.D.The feeling of being needed is important to the elderly.第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
寒假作业05 动词的时态和语态-【寒假分层作业】2024年九年级英语寒假培优练(人教版)
限时练习：40min完成时间：月日天气：寒假作业05 动词的时态和语态一、时态考查热点1.八大时态结构一般现在时主语+be(am,is,are)+其它主语+动词原形(+其它) 主语+(+其它) 现在进行时主语+ be（am，is，are）+ 现在分词(+其它)一般过去时主语+be(was,were)+其它主语+ 动词的过去式(+其它)一般将来时主语+be going to+动词原形主语+shall/will+动词原形过去进行时主语++ 动词的现在分词过去将来时主语+ was/were/going to + 动词原形主语+would/should + 动词原形现在完成时主语++过去完成时主语++ 动词的过去分词2.时态与常用时间状语一般现在时every day, sometimes,at 7 every morning, on Sunday, often ,usually, always一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时next…, tomorrow, soon, his evening, in two days现在进行时look, listen , now, at the moment现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently过去将来时the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…)过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, this time yesterday, from nine to ten last evening 3.区别：have/has gone to，have/has been to 和have/has been inhave/ has gone to 去了（在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来）have/ has been to 曾经去过（人已经回来了）have/ has been in （常与一段时间连用）注意：have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用; have/ has gone to则不可。
01-高一英语寒假作业
高一寒假作业1一、词法突破A.单词拼写1.1 was（焦虑的）about the children when they didn't come back home from school.2.What（使T齿怒）me is that he won't even listen to other people's suggestions.3.She is not an（夕卜向的）person and she doesn't let anyone know what she truly feels.4.We felt at home with her and were（给留下E［］象）with the depth of her knowledge.5.The appearance of a spaceship makes it possible for us to（探索）the moon.6.Tom arrived at school late again,which made him feel（令人尴尬的）.7.How to do the（实验）has not been discussed yet.8.句式语境仿写.What if no one talks to me?要是没有人和我说话会怎么办呢？［仿写］要是他不同意我会怎么办呢？he doesn't agree with me?1.1found most of mv classmates and teachers friendlv and helpful.我发现我的大部分同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。
［仿写］我发现绘画或素描很令人放松。
I find.3.1 feel much more confident than I felt this morning.我感觉比今天早晨更加自信。
［仿写］这次实验的结果比上次的好。
【原创】山东省菏泽市2014-2015学年高二上学期寒假作业(四)英语Word版含答案
【原创】2015高二英语寒假作业（四）一、单词拼写1. We are____________(乐观的) that the mainland and Taiwan will unify in the near future.2. He can hardly find a job in the canteen, because he has no ____________(先前的) experienceof this kind of job.3. The people in Iraq lived a hard life, because it was _____________ (不断地) hit by war.4. The ____________ (周围的)scenery is very beautiful.5. The project failed for ____________ (缺乏) of money.二、语法填空1.I would have come for the lecture given by Professor Lee the day before yesterday，but I ______________________.(invite)2.________________ (要不是)these spelling mistakes，I would have got a full mark in my English examination.3.Don’t take ______________for granted that we can learn English well by remembering some words and phrases.4.Sarah made______________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.5. ______________ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.三、完形填空I arrived in the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with 75 students who would be my English Literature class. Having taught in the US for 17 years, I had no 1 about my ability to hold their attention and to 2 on them my admiration for the literature （文学）of my mother tongue.I was shocked whe n the monitor shouted, “ 3 !” and the entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat 4 about how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness（尴尬）was over, I quickly 5 my calmness and began what I thought was a fact – packed lecture, sure to gain their respect – perhaps 6 their admiration. I went back to my office with the rosy glow which comes from a (n) 7 of achievements.My students 8 diaries. However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually 9 by a stron g sense of sadness. The first diary said, “Our literature teacher didn’t teach us anything today.10 her next lecture will be better.” Greatly surprised, I read diary after diary, each expressing a11 subject. “Didn’t I teach them anything? I descri bed the entire philosophical framework（哲学体系）of Western thought and laid the historical 12 for all the works we’ll study in class,” Icomplained. “How 13 they say I didn’t teach them anything?”It was a long term, and it 14 became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as 15 of my students. I thought a teacher’s job was to raise 16 questions and provide enough background so that students could 17 their own conclusions. My students thought a teacher’s job was to provide 18 information as directly and clearly as possible. What a difference!19 , I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a20 American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.1．A．worry B．idea C．doubt D．experience 2．A．impress B．put C．leave D．fix 3．A．Attention B．Look out C．At ease D．Stand up 4．A．puzzled B．sure C．curious D．worried 5．A．found B．returned C．regained D．followed 6．A．more B．even C．yet D．still 7．A．thought B．sense C．feeling D．idea8．A．wrote B．borrowed C．kept D．read 9．A．replaced B．taken C．caught D．moved 10．A．Naturally B．Perhaps C．Fortunately D．Reasonably 11．A．different B．same C．similar D．usual 12．A．happenings B．characters C．development D．background 13．A．should B．can C．will D．must 14．A．immediately B．certainly C．simply D．gradually 15．A．that B．what C．those D．ones 16．A．difficult B．interesting C．ordinary D．unusual 17．A．draw B．get C．decide D．give 18．A．strange B．standard C．exact D．serious 19．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Though 20．A．normal B．happy C．good D．better四、阅读理解AGetting paid to talk about the World Cup is a great job. I’ m not a football commentator（评论员）,but just an English teacher in Japan.I came to Japan two years ago, and didn’t think I would stay, but Japan has tha t effect on you. People often end up living here longer than they planned. I think it’s better to teach in a bigger city where there are other foreigners to mix with, rather than a small town where English teachers often complain of feeling like a goldfish in a bowl. Many people choose to live in Tokyo, of course, which is good for the nightlife factor. But I’d say that for general quality of living, cities of neither too large nor too small, like Sapporo where I live, are better choices.I teach English pr ivately, which means I’m my own boss. If you want to devote yourself to private teaching, it’s well worth doing a TEFL course first, because your lessons will be much better for it. The problem with private teaching is finding students; it took me a year to build up a full schedule（日程表）of private lessons, so I started out teaching in schools part time.Most of my foreign friends here work full-time for big English conversation schools. The salary is fine to live on. But whether you can save money depends on how much going out and traveling you do here.The schools are reluctant to take time off—even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.1. From the passage we know in Japan the writer likes to live in .A. TokyoB. a small townC. a city of middle sizeD. a big city2. According to the writer, one had better first to do private teaching better.A. take a TEFL courseB. decide his or her own lessonsC. find studentsD. build up a full schedule3. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies（暗示）that .A. there are many foreigners in JapanB. Japan is good for nightlifeC. they can teach English privately in JapanD. Japan has something more attractive than expected4. The underlined word “reluctant” in the passage may probably means .A. kindB. unwillingC. freeD. carelessBWith schools cutting bank on physical education classes—and some eliminating them altogether—the prospects for getting exercise during the day aren’t great for many kids headingback to school this fall．So what’s a parent to do to make sure their children get the exercise they need? For starters, don’t re ly too much on gym class，experts say．While some schools are updating PE to include in-line skating，elliptical trainers，wall climbing and other popular activities，more schools are reducing or stopping their PE programs．“Unfortunately，physical education is one of the first things that gets cut when there’s a budget crunch(预算紧张)，”says Cedric Bryant，chief exercise physiologist at the American Council on Exercise in San Diego．And even when gym class is offered regularly，it’s almost never enough to meet the new federal guidelines that children get at least an hour of physical activity on most days of the week．Only 8 percent of elementary schools，for example，and about 6 percent of middle schools and high schools offer daily physical education classes, according to the National Education Association．For kids not involved in after-school sports，this could spell a very sedentary(伏案的)day．Meanwhile，the rate of obesity(肥胖)among youth is worsening．Among children aged 6 to 11,16 percent were overweight in 2002，compared with 7 percent in 1980，according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention．Among kids l2 to 19，16 percent were overweight in 2002，three times more than in l980．Even at young ages，obesity is not just a cosmetic(表面的)issue．Almost two-thirds of overweight youth have at least one additional risk factor for heart disease，including high blood pressure or high cholesterol．Overweight kids also may suffer with sleep apnea bone and joint problems，according to the CDC．5．Why do more schools reduce or stop their PE program according to the passage?A．The schools meet with financial difficulties．B．Pupils are not fond of traditional PE class any more．C．Good diet makes exercise unnecessary．D．The government’s policy disorders school’s plans．6．The main purpose of the author to write the passage may be to ．A．stress the importance of science education in schoolB．show off his insight about PE programC．give some warning to the parents as well as the schoolsD．introduce a new way of exercise for pupils7．According to the new federal guidelines, children should .A．update PE to some popular activitiesB．reduce PE program rather than stop C．rely much on gym classD．take at least an hour of physical activity on most days of the week8．The author shows you some data in Paragraph 4 in order to ．A．advise schools to offer daily physical education B．call on overweight youths to diet C．make you believe lack of exercise may cause the number of overweight to increaseD．prove that almost all the teens are overweight9．According to the passage obesity may cause some diseases EXCEPT ．A．heart disease B．high blood pressure C．lack of sleep D．bone and joint painCBackground music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. Very soon it spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to background music.To begin with, background music was intended simply to create a soothing (舒适的) atmosphere. Recently, however, it's becoming a big business. An American marketing expert has shown that music can boost(提升) sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.But it has to be the light music. Lively music has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts(收入) by 34%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they would like to buy. Yet, slow music isn't always the answer. The expert found that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurant owners might be well advised to play faster music to keep the customers moving—unless, of course, the resulting indigestion(消化不良) leads to complaints.10. Background music was first used ________.A. in the cinemas and theatres in the USAB. in the offices and hospitals in the USAC. in the schools and churches in the USAD. in the factories, shops and restaurants in the USA11. An American marketing expert has found background music can __________.A. increase sales or factory productionB. create a soothing atmosphereC. make people slow downD. make people forget their worries12. _________ has no effect on sales.A. light musicB. slow musicC. lively musicD. none of the above13. Slow music is useless in ________ in increasing sales.A. shopsB. restaurantsC. factoriesD. cinemas14. Restaurant owners are advised to play ________ to increase overall sales.A. lively musicB. loud musicC. slower musicD. faster music【原创】2015高二英语寒假作业（四）参考答案一、单词拼写1. optimistic2.previous3.constantly4. surrounding5. Lack二、语法填空1.wasn’t invited2.But for3.it4.it5.it三、完形填空1~5 CADAC 6~10 BBCAB 11~15 CDBDC 16~20 BACBD四、阅读理解1~4 CADB 5~9ACDCC 10~14DACBD。
云南省蒙自一中2014届高三5月月考 英语试题 Word版含答案
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分120分，考试用时100分钟。
第I卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、 B、 C和D中。
选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ADo you love the holidays，but hate the pounds that follow? You are not alone. Holidays are times for feasting and celebrating. Many people are worried about their weight. With proper planning，though，it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. Whether it is celebrating at the office party or sitting down for the traditional family dinner，regard eating as a time for tasting a variety of the foods. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and maintaining physical fitness：Don't skip meals. Before you leave home，have a small，low-fat meal or snack. This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious foods.Control portions. Use a small plate (about 10 inches) and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to “load up.” You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist. Once you have your “tasting” serving，move away from the buffet. Doing so will make it less tempting to be eating constantly as your appetite is inspired by the sight of food.Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables. Fill up beforehand on water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full.Stick to physical activity. Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories.Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a large amount of fat. Choose lean meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of dressing or butter.21．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．You had better turn your attention away from delicious foods.B．Drinking some water of soup before eating helps you eat less.C．Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may bring weight problems.D．Physical exercise can reduce the chance of putting on weight.22．Which of the following CANNOT help lose weight according to the passage?A．Lean meats. B．Dressing or butter.C．Raw fruit or vegetables. D．Physical exercise.23．Many people can't control their weight after the holidays mainly because they ________.A．can't help being tempted to eat constantly B．take part in too many partiesC．enjoy delicious foods D．can't help turning away from the foods 24．If the passage appears in the newspaper，you think it should belong to ________ Column.A．Holidays and Festivals B．Health and FitnessC．Fashion and Frontier D．Student Times ClubBAnyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.28. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year StudyCOver the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.“Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-scientists or actors, for example-may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距)。
2014-2015学年高三地理寒假作业(6)(Word版,含答案)
高三地理寒假作业（六）一．选择题下图中图甲为图乙（阴影部分为海洋）中M地一年内正午太阳高度的变化规律，已知a-b=38.5º，且M地3月21日4：15（北京时间）日出，读图回答1-2题1.关于甲图中N点所示时间，下列地理现象描述正确的是A．南亚易出现洪涝灾害B．南非昼长夜短，且昼渐短C．此后数天内，黄山各地正午日影继续变长D．M地为一年中日出时间最早的一天2.根据图示信息和所学知识，下面描述正确的是A．M地自然植被类型为热带雨林B．M地沿海地区受洋流影响降温减湿C．M地所在国经济发达，但矿产缺乏D．M所在国工业多为劳动力密集型每年随着干、湿季节的变化，东非高原上数以百万计的野生食草动物就会组成一支壮观的大军，浩浩荡荡地在坦桑尼亚的赛伦盖蒂国家公园和肯尼亚的马赛马拉国家自然保护区之间来回迁徙。
左图是2014年食草野生动物迁徙路线。
据此回答3-4题。
3．当①地有充足的水源和青草时，当地正受A．西风带控制B．副热带高气压带控制C．信风带控制D．赤道低气压带控制4．野生食草动物从②地迁徙到③地的时间可能是A．12月～次年5月B．7月底～8月中下旬C．10月底～11月底 D．1月中上旬～3月底世界海陆分布是不断变化的。
读“世界海陆分布局部区域图”，回答5-6题。
5．关于图中城市间距离变化的说法，正确的是①a、b间将缩小②a、b间将增大③c、d间将缩小④b、d间将增大A．①③ B．②④ C．②③ D．①④6．某些年份，e沿海地区海面温度异常升高，这一现象对我国产生的影响，说法正确的是A．西北太平洋海域台风增多B．我国北方地区夏季可能出现洪涝C．我国南方地区夏季可能出现干旱D．我国北方易出现暖冬下图为我国某农区的冬灌景观图，田间作物为小麦。
每年入冬，在日平均气温为3℃左右时最适宜冬灌，具有明显的增产作用。
据此完成7-8题。
7．下列关于冬灌的叙述不正确的是A．可以减轻病虫危害B．保护表层土壤，减少风力侵蚀C．有利于土壤储水，防止春旱D．冬灌时间应在土壤封冻之后效果最好8．下列种植小麦的省份中，最适宜进行冬灌的是A．河北B．青海 C．吉林 D．湖北根据日前印发的《鄱阳湖生态经济区共青先导区建设总体方案》，江西将研究规划南昌城市轨道交通(地铁)延伸至共青城，支持规划建设通用机场和货运码头。
高二英语寒假作业同步练习题：过去分词作表语
精品基础教育教学资料，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！高二英语寒假作业同步练习题：过去分词作表语1．Supporters ___(坚持说) that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU targets for non-carbon energy generation. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】insist【详解】考查动词时态。
句意：支持者坚持认为，风能必须是可再生能源、核能和碳排放组合的一部分，而且英国致力于实现欧盟的非碳能源生产目标。
根据汉语意思“坚持说”可知应填动词insist，作谓语，结合后文is可知应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，故谓语动词用原形。
故填insist。
2．That is, we tend to ___(关心) the output but not to control the input, which is a bad way to construct goals. （根据汉语意思完成句子）【答案】care about【详解】考查固定短语。
句意：也就是说，我们倾向于关心输出，而不是控制输入，这不是一个建立目标的好方法。
分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语care about意为“关心”，后接the output作宾语，表示关心输出，符合句意，tend to do意为“倾向于做某事”，不定式to后接动词原形。
故填care about。
3．He has enough courage to face the bad situation, which he will never ___(屈服)to. （根据汉语意思填空）【答案】give in【详解】考查固定搭配。
句意：他有足够的勇气去面对他永远不会屈服的坏局面。
云南省昭通市2014届高三5月统测理综试题 Word版含答案
绝密★启用前【考试时间：5月9日9︰00 — 11︰30】2014年昭通市高中毕业生复习统一检测理科综合能力测试（昭阳区一中命制）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷5至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
满分300分，考试用时150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共126分）注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号及科目，在规定的位置贴好条形码。
2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答在试卷上的答案无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H︰1 C︰12 N︰14 O︰16 S︰32 Cl︰35.5 Na︰23 K︰39 Fe︰56本卷共21小题，每题6分，共126分。
一、选择题：本大题共13小题。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1．下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述，不正确．．．的是A．生物膜上的载体蛋白具有特异性，是生物膜具有选择性的基础B．溶酶体中含有多种水解酶，能分解细胞内衰老、损伤的细胞器C．与心肌细胞相比，浆细胞中高尔基体膜成分的更新速度较快D．生物的性状都是由细胞核中的遗传物质控制的2．关于酶与ATP的叙述正确的是A.活细胞都能产生酶和ATP，且都只能在活细胞内发挥作用B.细胞代谢依赖于酶的高效性、专一性和 ATP与ADP的快速相互转化C.生物体内的化学反应都需要酶的催化,且都伴随着ATP与ADP的相互转化D.细胞呼吸的各阶段都有ATP的合成，各阶段都需要酶的催化3．下列有关细胞生命历程的说法，正确的是A．细胞分化使核遗传物质发生改变，但mRNA没有变化B．细胞癌变，细胞膜上的糖蛋白减少，多个基因发生突变C．衰老的生物体内的细胞都处于衰老状态D．细胞凋亡受基因控制，细胞坏死时膜通透性逐渐降低4．下面关于变异和育种的说法，不正确．．．的是A．诱变育种的原理是基因突变，产生了新基因和新性状B．单倍体育种、多倍体育种的原理是染色体变异，该变异可在光学显微镜下观察到C．杂交育种和基因工程育种的原理是基因重组，产生了新的基因型和新性状D．基因突变、基因重组、染色体变异都是可遗传的变异5．五大类植物激素的部分生理效应如下表，根据表中信息不能．．得出的结论是A.生长素对植物的生长具有两重性B.在器官脱落方面，脱落酸和乙烯起协同作用C.同一种激素在植物生长发育的不同阶段引起的生理效应不相同D.生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素对果实的生长起协同作用6. 实验方法选择是决定科学研究成功与否的重要因素。
高三英语寒假作业：(七)(Word版含答案)
高三英语寒假作业（七）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．ASome people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbooks (平装本), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (百科全书), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.1. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledgeB. cinemas are the best choice in getting informationC. reading is a cheap way of learning and having funD. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself2. What does the sentences “Television has not killed reading, however ” underlined in the second paragraph suggest?A. People only need reading, though.B. Reading is still necessary today.C. Reading is more fun than television.D. Watching television doesn‟t help reading.4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.C. Books with hard covers sell better than paperbooks.D. More people like TV programs about famous men.BDomestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren‟t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication.As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals‟ genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn‟t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world1. Before domestication horses were ______.A. caught for sportsB. hunted for foodC. made to pull ploughsD. used to carry people2. The author uses the Shetland horse as an example to show ______.A. it is smaller than the Clydesdale horseB. horse used to have gentle personalitiesC. some horses have better shaped than othersD. horses were of less variety before domestication3. Horses contributed to the spread of culture by ______.A. carrying heavy loadsB. changing farming methodsC. serving as a means of transportD. advancing agriculture in different areas4. The passage is mainly about _______.A. why humans domesticated horsesB. how humans and horses needed each otherC. why horses came in different shapes and sizesD. how human societies and horses influenced each otherCA new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.Researchers from the University of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concer—people with fair skin and freckles （雀斑）,for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.1. The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means .A.evidencesB.factsC.faultsD.failures2. People with fair skin and freckles .A.seldom use sunscreenB. are more in danger of skin concerC. can be free from the harm of the sunD. often expose themselves to the sun3. We can learn from the passage that .A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more oftenB. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreenC. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteersD. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America4. Which of the following can be the beat title for this passage?A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin CancerB. Sunscreen to Increase Skin CancerC. Skin Cancer Caused by SunscreenD. Skin Cancer Caused by FrecklesDDespite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope.Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. EvenScotland is represented by a unicorn.According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree.When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn‟s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a uni corn‟s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.1. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?A. It was not historically recordedB. Its horn was first used in FranceC. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the OryxD. It could be the symbol of a university2. To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____.A. tempting the unicorn to attackB. making use of the tree as a protectionC. hiding quickly behind the unicornD. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree3. The last paragraph is mainly about ____.A. the properties of the unicorn hornB. the users of the unicorn hornC. the price of the unicorn hornD. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn4. In the last paragrap h, the word “unicorn ” is in quotation marks (引号)because _____.A. the cup is designed only for a royal familyB. the unicorn does not exist in realityC. the unicorn is the rarest animal in the worldD. the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）【题文】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(10)UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS2022-202高一英语寒假作业
（10）UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS——2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）寒假作业第一部分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AIn the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don't know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don't know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.Serving in restaurants is often large, too large for many people. If you can't finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a "doggie bag". It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you're taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have "Sunday dinner". This is an especially big noon meal.Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.1.Which statement is true?A.American people like sitting with people they don't know.B.Hostess always seats a small group at a large table.C.American people never sit with people they don't know.D.American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.2.What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?A.They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.B.They leave the food on the table and go away.C.They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.D.They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.3.What can you learn about "tips" according to the passage?A.Customers often add tips to their check.B.Tips are supposed to be left on the table when customers leave.C.People don't need to pay tips.D.The price of the meal usually includes the tip.BIf you're a cycling lover, you will have to pay a lot of attention to your bicycle and maintain it well, for bicycle parts are exposed to wear and tear(磨损) over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents(凹陷), etc. Sometimes, a part may not work because it has exceeded its life expectancy. Sometimes, you will need to find replacement parts for it to keep up the performance of the bicycle.Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. One of the most important parts of the bicycle is the frame, You will need to choose a frame that lasts for a very long time. Of course, you will see some paint scratches after some time. When you're selecting a frame, you have to think about the material. Aluminium(锅) frames will not rust easily, but they have a higher chance to dent. Steel frames will be hard to dent, but you will need to make sure they get a good paint job so that they won't rust.Wheels also experience a lot of wear and tear and you should go for a professional seller when you want to buy wheels. There are different types of wheels that you can buy, like Zipp wheels that provide more aerodynamic efficiency(空气动力学效能). Investing in new tyres instead of going for used is a good idea because you will be able to get more use out of it. The same goes for chain as there's a higher chance of a used chain breaking. You may also experience shifting problems. However, some parts of bicycles such as pedals can be used for a long time and you can find different styles.Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. When you are buying handlebars, you have to see if there are any dents or if they have been bent out of shape. There shouldn't be any cracks in the seat post or the handlebars. There are many shops whereyou can buy parts, so you will have to check the references to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything.1.According to the passage, cycling lovers should ________.A.buy a new bicycle to keep up the performanceB.replace the bicycle parts with signs of wearingC.choose aluminium frames rather than steel onesD.learn how each part of the bicycle basically works2.Which parts may be replaced by the used ones?A. Wheels and chains.B.Tyres and seats.C.Handlebars and stems.D. Frames and pedals.3.The underlined word "references" in the last paragraph probably means "________".A. materialsB. pricesC. introductionsD. comments4.This passage is most likely to be found in ________.A.a research reportB.a popular magazineC.a tourist guide bookD.a product advertisementCBenito Juarez, a poor Indian boy, was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818. Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca, high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people, Benito didn't know what they were saying.First, Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman, Serer Maza. Soon, he went to work for Antonio Salanueva, a church(教会) librarian Antonio repaired and copied the library books, keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper. Antonio loved to teach Benito soon became his student as well as his servant. With the help of Antonio, Benito learned to speak, read, and write Spanish.At that time in Mexico, many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn. Antonio knew that was not true Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Danish missionaries(传教士) came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact, churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆) for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico, however, the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.Benito was a good and bright student, so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821, when Benito was fifteen, Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys. Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.Benito became a student at the college. His studies were difficult, and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there. He succeeded in spite of these challenges. Later, as the laws changed, Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and, much later, the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French, who tried to rule Mexico, and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.1.When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca, he _______.A.lost touch with his familyB.got the language problemC.studied in a church libraryD.lived in the mountain2.According to the passage, Antonio was a _______.A. good teacherB. rich gentlemanC. strict housekeeperD. helpful villager3.In Mexico, many Indian children couldn't get an education, because _______.A.they were less smartB.there were not enough schoolsC.there were too many native peopleD.they were too poor to go to school4.What is probably the best title of the passage?A.A young student in Mexico.B.Fighting for the rights.C.A bright Mexican educator.D.Born to be a servant.DIf you want to learn a language and become fluent in it, you really need to start as early in life as possible, because the older you get, the harder it can be to get your tongue round new words and sounds. However, that is not a reason to put off learning a language later in life, because there are still many advantages to it.As you get older, it can become more and more tempting to stick to things you are most familiar with. However, giving yourself something new to do can help to keep your brain active, and the more active your brain is, the younger you will feel.We all need new challenges every now and again. It makes life interesting. Don't set your expectations too high—you aren't going to become fluent in a couple of months, for example. Instead, set yourself short term goals to finish a text-book or to practice your skills on a language speaker. The challenge will provide you with a renewed energy for life.Many people, especially when they are older, put off going overseas because they are worried about communicating with the local people. However, once you start to learn a language, you will have much more confidence to travel in countries where the language is spoken. Once you are able to buy things, ask directions and have free conversations, you will find traveling much more enjoyable.One of the best reasons for learning a language later in life is simply because you can. When younger, you probably had little spare time. Now, you probably have more time in hand because your family has grown up and you may even have retired. There are so many tools you can use to learn languages these clays (the television and Internet are two obvious ones), so you may not even have to pay.1.It is commonly believed that when a person is old, ________.A.he will stop learningB.he is slow in thoughtC.he can hardly learn anything newD.he has got no time to do anything2.The author suggests that an old person ________.A.do the things he is familiar withB.set a high goal for later lifeC.take up something newD.save his brain for future3.The reason that old men can learn a foreign language is that ________.A.they are planning to travel abroad aloneB.they have more time than the youngC.they have been left behind by familiesD.they have a better memory4.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Learn a Language Later in LifeB.Gain Advantages in Later LifeC.Build up Confidence When OldD.Older People to Meet Challenges第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高中英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷：北京专用02 阅读培优小卷 (原卷版)
高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷北京专用02第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A（2022春·北京·高一首都师范大学附属中学）Between the last application season and the current one, Swarthmore College, a school nationally well-known for its academic strictness, changed the requirements for students for admission into its next freshman class. It made filling out the proper forms easier.Swarthmore is hardly alone in its desire to eliminate(清除) obstacles for a bounty of applicants. Over the last decade, many elite colleges have adjusted their applications in ways that remove disincentives(抑制因素) and maximize the likelihood that the number of students contesting to get in remains robust-or, even better, grows larger.In one sense, that’s a commendably egalitarian(平等主义的) approach and a sensible attempt to be sure that no qualified candidate is missed. But there’s often a less pure motive in play. In our increasingly status-oriented society, a school’s reputation is improved by a low acceptance rate, which can even influence how U.S. News & World Report ranks it. And unless a school is shrinking the size of its student body, the only way to bring its acceptance rate down is to get its number of applicants up. So, many colleges methodically generate interest only to frustrate it. They woo applicants for the purpose of turning them down.And there can be other justifications for what looks like a loosening of application demands. Smith College and several other similarly prominent colleges no longer require the SAT or ACT, and Kathleen McCarney, the president of Smith College, said that that’s not a bid for more applicants. It’s a recognition that top scores on those tests correlate with high family income and may say more about an applicant’s economic advantages—including, say, private SAT tutoring—than about their academic potential.Jim Bock, Swarthmore’s dean of admissions, said that by lightening the essay load for its current applicants, the college was less concerned about increasing its overall number of applicants than about making sure candidates of great merit didn’t miss out on Swarthmore and vice versa. He mentioned the hypothetical(假定的) example of a high school student from a low-income family who works 10 or more hours a week and doesn’t have sufficient time to do different essays for different schools.But will Swarthmore’s applicants this year give quite as much thought regarding whether it is suitable and the right home for them? I’m betting not.When it’s very easy for a student to apply to yet one more college and each school is simply another desirable box of cereal(谷物) on top shelf that he or she is determined to reach, there’s inadequate thought to a tailored(合身的) fit, which is what the admissions process should strive for. It’s what the measure of success should be. 1．What changes has Swarthmore College made in the application process?A．It simplified its application procedure.B．It lowered its requirements for admission.C．It expanded the size of its next freshman class.D．It eliminated obstacles for minority applicants.2．The word “woo” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.A．respect B．cheat C．invite D．force3．Kathleen McCarney holds that the results of the SAT or ACT ________.A．are closely related to test-takers’ family income levelsB．reflect test-takers’ academic potential to a large extentC．should play an essential role in the admissions processD．hide the uneven distribution of educational resources4．According to the author, the success of a school’s admissions process lies in ________.A．improving the school’s reputation nationwideB．recruiting as many genuine students as possibleC．increasing the overall number of applicants for the schoolD．making suitable matches between applicants and the schoolB（2022春·北京东城·高一景山学校）When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先).This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.Music tells us who we are, because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and value, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song.The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions.Music expresses our character and values.It gives us identity as a society.Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired any other way.Science can explain how the sunrises and sets.The arts explore the emotive (情感的) meaning of the same phenomenon.We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols.They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other.They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others.When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.Science and technology do not tell us what is means to be human.The arts do.Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far morenecessary than people seem to realize.5．According to Paragraph 1, students _________.A．regard music as a way of entertainmentB．disagree with their parents on educationC．view music as an overlooked subjectD．prefer the arts to science6．In paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to _________.A．compare it with rock musicB．show music identifies a societyC．introduce American musical traditionsD．prove music influences people’s lifestyles7．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Music education deserves more attention.B．Music should be of top education priority.C．Music is an effective communication tool.D．Music education makes students imaginative.C（2022春·北京顺义·高一杨镇第一中学）All eyes were on Jack Ma(马云). The chairman of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd stepped down on Teachers’ Day from leading the e-commerce giant he founded 20 years ago.“I still have lots of dreams to go after,” Ma wrote in an open letter last year to announce his parting. “The world is big, and I am still young, so I want to try new things.”The 55-year-old businessman showed that he was ready for new things by arriving at his farewell party (欢送会) dressed up like a rock star.In fact, his rags-to-riches (白手起家的) story is a good example of doing something different. Visiting the United States in 1995, Ma saw the internet and had the idea of setting up his own trading website. In 1999, he founded Alibaba with a group of friends in a shared apartment, struggling for years to get it off the ground. With all the challenges, the company slowly brought e-commerce to China.Although his success has inspired (激励) a number of Chinese tech businessmen, Ma pointed out that the key is having a dream. “It’s the dreams that keep us never afraid of setbacks (挫折),” Ma said in a video posted on Sept 9.Now the experienced businessman is looking to focus on education. What can he offer?“I’m not going to teach English; I’m not going to teach business. But I’m going to teach young people how to face challenges,” he told Bloomberg News.Skilled sailors were never made on calm waters. As Ma said, “Today is cruel. Tomorrow is crueler. But the dayafter tomorrow is beautiful.”8．What did Jack Ma announce on Teachers’ Day?A．His plan to return to teaching.B．His plan to enlarge his online business.C．His dream of becoming a rock star.D．His retirement from Alibaba.9．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．The important role of Alibaba.B．How Ma inspires others to do something different.C．How Ma got the idea for his business.D．Difficulties Ma went through to found Alibaba.10．What does Ma think dreams mean to us?A．Dreams can give us confidence and courage.B．Dreams can guide us to further our educationC．Dreams can push us to set up new businesses.D．Dreams can lead us to offer more to society.11．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A．Practice makes perfect.B．Confidence is the key to success.C．Good conditions can help people grow and learn.D．Challenges allow us to develop new abilities.D（2022春·北京·高一北理工附中）Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper.Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says. 12．There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.A．believe overweight only affects our bodyB．have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mindC．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive abilityD．are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions13．The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.A．losing weight has little effect on people’s memoryB．losing weight can improve people’s mental functionsC．overweight people are likely to have psychology problemsD．overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly14．What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people.B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.15．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Body Weight and Health B．Losing Weight by OperationC．Ways to Improve Mental Functions D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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【KS5U首发】云南省2013-2014学年高三寒假作业（4）英语 Word版含答案一、单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)从A. B. C. D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选硕，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1.Most members of the committee were in favor of the suggestion; only a ________of them were against it.A. majorityB. minorityC. quantityD. amount2.–--Jack says your mother cooks well.----Yes. Maybe it is not to the taste of __________, but I like it.A. anyoneB. noneC. everyoneD. nobody3.A lot of new questions at the meeting, which made things even worse.A. came acrossB. came upC. came onD. came in4.The policeman‘s __________ traffic directions made all the drivers quite___________.A. confused; confusedB. confusing; confusingC. confused; confusingD. confusing; confused5.There is no ________ swimming pool in this school and the students often go to swim ________.A. indoors; outdoorsB. indoor; outdoorC. indoor; indoorsD. indoor; outdoors6.They argued ________each other _________ where to spend the golden week.A. at; overB. with; aboutC. about; atD. over; on7.Somehow my friend Eric didn‘t say hello to me on the street yesterday, ________he didn‘t know me at all!A. as ifB. now thatC. ifD. so8.---Why do you suggest Hangzhou?---I believe _______ beauty of _______ nature there will make an excellent impression upon the tourists.A. a, theB. the, theC. the, aD. the, /9.Surfing the Internet is ___ a kind of relaxation, ____ our knowledge.A. not more than; addsB. more than; adding toC. no more than; adding toD. more than; adds up to10.Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle．A．ride; ride B．riding; ride C．ride; to ride D．to ride; riding 11.Leonardo Da Vince birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free．A．is said to be buying B．is said to have boughtC．had said to buy D．who said to have bought12.The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the openingceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A. were invitedB. was invitedC. have been invitedD. has been invited13.I really don‘t know ______ I had my money stolen.A. where it was thatB. that it was whenC. when was it thatD. it was where that14.What he said suggested he ______ angry with us so I suggest you ______ an apology to him.A. should be; should makeB. should be; madeC. was; makeD. was; to make15.______ affects your performance in an exam, so you need to learn how to keep your emotions under control.A. How nervous are youB. How you are nervousC. How nervous you areD. How are you nervous二、完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑I had a very special teacher many years ago whose husband died suddenly of a heart attack. About a week after his 16 , she shared her insights (顿悟) with the students. When the class was nearly over, she 17 and said, ― I would like to 18 with all of you a thought that has 19 to do with class, but which I feel is very 20 .―Each of us is put here on the 21 to learn, share, love and appreciate ourselves. None of us knows when this 22 will end. At any moment it can be 23 . Perhaps this is life‘s way of telling us that we must make go od 24 of every day.‖ Her eyes beginning to 425 , she went on saying, ―So I would like you all to 26 me. From now on, on your way home, find something 27 to notice. It doesn‘t have to be something you see – it could be scent (香味) of fresh bread, or it could be the 28 of the wind slightly rustling （发出沙沙声）the leaves.‖―Please look for these things, and 29 them. They are 30 observing, for at any time they can all be taken away.‖ ks5uThe class was totally quiet. We all picked up our books and went out of the room 31 . That afternoon, on my way home I noticed 32 things than before. Every time I think of that teacher and remember what a (n) 33 she made on all of us, I try to 34 all of those things that sometimes we all ignores. For as we get older, it is not the things we did that we often regret, 35 the things we didn‘t do.16. A. disease B. death C. arrival D. appearance17. A. paused B. continued C. focused D. broke18. A. argue B. communicate C. share D. whisper19. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything20. A. improper B. attractive C. important D. unbelievable21. A. earth B. farm C. road D. ground22. A. disaster B. schedule C. custom D. experience23. A. put away B. taken away C. handed out D. gone away24. A. fun B. difference C. use D. sense25. A. water B. smile C. shut D. glare26. A. permit B. forgive C. promise D. respect27. A. strange B. beautiful C. powerful D. different28. A. sound B. signal C. action D. direction29. A. support B. value C. receive D. remember30. A. easy B. harmful C. worth D. puzzling31. A. slowly B. silently C. curiously D. secretly32. A. more B. smaller C. fewer D. larger33. A. impression B. result C. chance D. pain34. A. produce B. taste C. change D. appreciate\三、阅读理解(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AA controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women．The study concluded that men‘s IQs are almost four points higher than women‘s.British-born researcher John Philippe Ruston says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace. He claims the ―glass ceiling‖ phenomenon is probably due to inferior (差的) intelligence，rather than lack of opportunity.The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university ability tests taken by 1 00,000 students aged 17and 18 of both sexes.A focus on the factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept，verbal reasoning skills and creativity― some of the key factors of intelligence ―showed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ around 100.The findings，which held true (适合) for all classes and levels of education, overturn (推翻) 100-year opinion that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.But Professor Ruston argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining (胜过) boys in the classroom.36. The report is mainly about ______.A. a study that shows men are cleverer than womenB. the ―glass ceiling‖ phenomenonC. Professor Ruston‘s theory on IQD. the difference between male and female37. The underlined word ―scrutinizing‖ in the third paragraph probably means ______.A. making upB. carrying outC. looking atD. examining carefully38. We can infer that the average woman has an IQ of ______.A. a little less than 100B. 100C. more than 100D. 96.3739. Which of the following opinions does Professor Ruston NOT accept?A. Men‘s IQs are almost four points higher than women‘s.B. Few women make it to the top in the workplace.C. Men and women average the same in general mental ability.D. The faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boys in the classroom.BSome people don't mind being fat. Other people can keep slim( 苗条) without any effort. But a lot of people do put on too much weight and don't like it. The question is : what can they do about it? Some believe exercise can be helpful. But the trouble is that it only makes you want to eat more. You might sweat out (减去) a couple of pounds playing tennis or climbing a mountain, but you put it all back on again with a big steak or bread and jam.A helpful way is food - choosing. But what sort of food should you choose? Some believe that the less they eat, the slimmer they will be. They don' t eat anything until they become weak with hunger. Some stick to milk and bananas. You' 11 find you need a lot of bananas, and unless you live where they grow, they aren't cheap. Another theory says that if you eat things like hard - boiled eggs, apples with their skins on, and lean meat which are hard for your stomach to digest, the more you eat, the thinner you get. This is because you use up the fat in your body to get the energy to digest the food.For most of us these methods are too extreme (极端). The simplest way is just tocut down on the carbohydrates; that means not eating bread, potatoes, cakes, sugar, rice , and so on and eating anything else you like. It' s straight — forward and often quite effective. Still others like to be more scientific. They are calorie counters. They get a table which tells them that, for example, 100 grams of roast leg of lamb give you 330 calories and a 50 gram of Yorkshire pudding gives you 130 calories.40. There seems nothing wrong with exercise EXCEPT that____________A. it makes you sweatB. it' s hard workC. it tires you outD. it makes you eat more41. The practical method suggested in this passage means___________.A. sticking to bananasB. not eating many carbohydratesC. eating things that are hard to digestD. eating as little as possible42. A calorie is a unit(单位) of_____________.A. weightB. powerC. electricityD. heat43. Which of the following do you think is the best title for the passage?A. Various Ways of Losing WeightB. Don't Eat Too MudC. Ways to Keep FitD. Food and HealthCIn every school there is a ―top‖ crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. Let‘s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater.There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, ―Gee, the crowd does it.‖ Well, let the crowd do it, but don‘t do it yourself. Learn to say, ―No.‖Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree to, have the courage to bow out mannerly. You‘ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.44. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Follow the Lead.B. Top Crowd.C. Being Yourself.D. Bright Red.45. The author doesn‘t think it good wearing red sweaters if ________.A. the crowd does itB. you can‘t afford themC. you don‘t look good in redD. the situation isn‘t safe46. According to the passage, people who follow the crowd ________.A. sometimes do things against their better judgmentB. make mistakes blindlyC. are willing to put their lives in dangerD. will in the end become pace-settersDThe Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666．In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together．Over one hundred people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.The fire started on Sunday mor ning in the house of the King‘s baker（面包师）in Pudding Lane．The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window into the roof．A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery（面包房）into a small hotel next door．Then it spread quickly into Thames Street．That was the beginning.By eight o‘ clock three hundred houses were on fire．On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames．Tuesday was the worst day．The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul‘s and the Guildhall were among them.Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire, ―People threw their things into the river．Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment．Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.‖The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire．With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect(建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone．In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them was the new St Paul‘s Cathedral.The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.47．The fire began in .A．a hotel B．the palace C．Pudding Lane D．Thames Street48．The underlined word‗family‘in the second paragraph means .A．home B．children C．wife and husband D．wife and children49．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that .A．some people lost their livesB．the birds in the sky were killed by the fireC．many famous buildings were destroyedD．the King‘s bakery was burned down50．Why did the writer cite(引用)Samuel Pepys?A．Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire.B．Because Pepys also wrote about the fire.C．To show that poor people suffered most.D．To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire.四、七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。