湖南省长沙明德中学(三湘名校教育联盟)2019-2020学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题(含解析)
【精准解析】湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中考试语文试题+Word版含解析
失去性命是可以的，但是对人格的怀疑是不能忍受的。还是同一个简单的价值现。
然而正是这个简单的价值观，让我在生死相隔、苍苍茫茫的两千余年之后，冰炭置肠，
悲从中来。
（有删改）
4. 下列对本文相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，正确的一项是
A. 文章开篇写易水边的风声和侠士的歌声，营造出悲凉的气氛，为下文写荆轲刺秦王和渔父
这首诗显得很急促——是一种催促，也是一种呼唤，呼唤迷失的人性。
据《吴越春秋》记载，伍子胥逃往吴国，后有追兵。在江上遇到一个渔父，向他求救。
渔父将他渡了过去，伍子胥藏身芦苇荡中。渔父看见他面有饥色，就说去给他拿点吃的来，
伍子胥起了疑心，当渔父拿来饭菜，他却躲进了芦苇深处。渔父于是“歌而呼之”。
“芦中人，岂非穷士乎？”这个“穷”，应该是日暮途穷的“穷”，但我分明从伍子胥
东西，在他毫不设防的情况下，尘世的肮脏劈头盖脸地掩杀而来。他的心，死了。
这样的大义凛然，这样的不屑一顾，这样的深哀大痛。我相信那绝不是一个普通的渔父，
而是一个隐士，他坚守着自己的清洁，也坚守着无边的寂寞。当他看到伍子胥，这个被追杀
的人——那时伍子胥的神情一定很仓皇吧？他不禁动了恻隐之心，也许就是这恻隐使他的心
的风声，和那个叫作荆轲的侠士苍凉的歌声。
他答应了燕太子去刺秦，但是并不等于他天生喜欢送死，他也本能地希望制定更周密的
方案，使自己有哪怕微小的可能生还；重然诺爱名节，更使他希望增加刺秦成功的胜数。而
这一切太费心思，所以他拖延了下来。但燕太子丹不理解，开始怀疑荆轲是不是因为对虎狼
只要坚持 梦想终会实现
-3-
心、懂情感的人，他没有以施舍者居高临下的态度对待这个陌生的人，而是“歌而呼之”，
体现了人情的温暖。
2019-2020学年 湖南省三湘名校教育联盟 高一上学期期中数学试题(解析版)
2019-2020学年湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高一上学期期中数学试题一、单选题1．已知全集U =R ，集合{0,1,2,3,4,5}A =，{|2}B x x =≥ ，则图中阴影部分所表示的集合为（ ）A ．{}1B ．{}0,1C ．{}1,2D ．{}0,1,2【答案】B【解析】根据图像判断出阴影部分表示()U A B I ð，由此求得正确选项. 【详解】根据图像可知，阴影部分表示()U A B I ð，{}U |2B x x =<ð，所以()U A B I ð{}0,1=. 故选：B 【点睛】本小题主要考查集合交集与补集的概念和运算，考查韦恩图，属于基础题.2．设函数2,0()(2),0x x x f x f x x ⎧-≤=⎨->⎩，则()6f =（ ）A ．2B ．1-C ．0D ．1【答案】B【解析】利用()()2f x f x =-将数值转化，可求()6f . 【详解】2,0()(2),0x x x f x f x x ⎧-≤=⎨->⎩Q ，()()()()06420021f f f f ∴====-=-.故选：B . 【点睛】本题考查分段函数求值，属于基础题.3．已知函数23x y a -=+(0 a >且 1)a ≠的图像恒过定点P ，点P 在幂函数()y f x =的图像上，则31log 3f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭（ ） A ．2- B ．1- C ．1 D ．2【答案】A【解析】根据指数型函数过定点求得P 点坐标，设出幂函数()f x 的解析式，代入点P 的坐标求得()f x 的解析式，由此求得31log 3f ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的值. 【详解】对于函数23x y a -=+，当20x -=，即2x =时，4y =，所以()2,4P .由于()f x 为幂函数，设()f x x α=，代入P 点的坐标得24,2αα==.所以()2f x x =，2111339f ⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，所以23331log log 31log 329f -=⎛⎫= ⎪⎝=-⎭. 故选：A 【点睛】本小题主要考查指数型函数过定点问题，考查幂函数解析式的求法，考查对数运算，属于基础题. 4．函数()2ln xf x x=的图像大致为（ ） A ． B ．C ．D ．【答案】D【解析】根据函数()f x 的奇偶性和特殊值排除选项即得.【详解】函数()f x 的定义域为{}0x x ≠.()()()22ln ln xxf x f x xx --===-Q ，()f x ∴是偶函数，其图象关于y 轴对称，排除,A B ；令()0,1f x x =∴=±.又221ln101e f e e e ⎛⎫==-< ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，∴排除C ，选D . 故选：D . 【点睛】本题考查函数的图象，属于基础题. 5．函数f （x ）=log 2x-3x-1的零点所在的区间为（ ） A ．()1,2 B ．()2,3C ．()3,4D ．()4,5【答案】C【解析】连续函数f （x ）=log 2x-3x-1在（0，+∞）上单调递增且f （3）f （4）＜0，根据函数的零点的判定定理可求结果． 【详解】∵函数f （x ）=log 2x-3x-1在定义域（0，+∞）上单调递增， ∴f （3）=log 23-1-1＜0，f （4）=2-34-1＞0，∴根据根的存在性定理得f （x ）=log 2x-3x-1的零点所在的一个区间是（3，4），故选：C ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了函数零点定义及判定的应用，属于基础试题． 6．下列函数是偶函数且在区间()0,∞+上单调递减的是（ ） A ．2()2f x x x =-- B ．()1f x x =- C ．()ln f x x =D ．2()1xf x x =+ 【答案】B【解析】对选项逐一分析函数的奇偶性和在区间()0,∞+上的单调性，由此确定正确选项. 【详解】对于A 选项，()f x 为非奇非偶函数，不符合题意；对于B 选项，()f x 为偶函数，当0x >时，()1f x x =-+为减函数，符合题意； 对于C 选项，()f x 为非奇非偶函数，不符合题意； 对于D 选项，()f x 为奇函数，不符合题意； 故选：B 【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的单调性和奇偶性，属于基础题.7．已知135a⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，322b=，0.23c =，则（ ）A ．a b c <<B ．a c b <<C ．b c a <<D ．c b a <<【答案】A【解析】先求出,a b 再利用指数函数与函数单调性比较大小 【详解】135a⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，322b=，1122553log 3log 10,0log log 212a b ∴=<=<=<= 又0.23c =031>= ，故a b c << 故选A 【点睛】本题考查了指数函数与对数函数的单调性，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题． 8．下列函数中，其定义域和值域分别与ln x y e =的定义域和值域相同的是（ ） A ．||y x = B．y =C ．2x y =D ．ln ||y x =【答案】B【解析】求出函数ln x y e =的定义域和值域，逐一验证即得.【详解】函数ln x y e =的定义域和值域均为()0,∞+.对于选项A ，||y x =的定义域为R ，值域为[)0,+∞； 对于选项B ，y =的定义域为()0,∞+，值域为()0,∞+； 对于选项C ， 2x y =的定义域为R ，值域为()0,∞+； 对于选项D ， ln ||y x =的定义域为{}0x x ≠，值域为R . 故选：B . 【点睛】本题考查函数的定义域、值域，属于基础题.9．若函数2411()3ax x f x -+⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭有最大值3，则实数a 的值为（ ）A ．2-B ．1-C ．1D ．2【答案】D【解析】根据复合函数的性质，结合()f x 的最大值，求得a 的值. 【详解】由于函数2411()3ax x f x -+⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭有最大值3，所以0a >，且当422x a a-=-=时，()f x 取得最大值为2224411412113333a a a aaf a ⎛⎫⋅-⋅+-+ ⎪-⎝⎭⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==== ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，故4411,2,2a a a-===. 故选：D 【点睛】本小题主要考查根据指数型复合函数的最值求参数，属于基础题. 10．已知()f x 是R 上的偶函数，且在区间[)0,+∞上单调递减，则满足()2log (1)f x f ≥-的x 的取值范围是（ ）A ．10,2⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦B ．(]0,2 C ．1,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．1,2⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭【答案】C【解析】根据()f x 的奇偶性和单调性化简不等式()2log (1)f x f ≥-，由此求得不等式中的x 的取值范围. 【详解】由于()f x 是R 上的偶函数，且在区间[)0,+∞上单调递减，所以()f x 在(),0-∞上递增.由()2log (1)f x f ≥-得()2log (1)f x f ≥，所以21log 1x -≤≤，解得122x ≤≤，所以不等式()2log (1)f x f ≥-的x 的取值范围是1,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦.故选：C 【点睛】本小题主要考查根据函数的奇偶性和单调性解不等式，属于基础题.11．设函数1lg ,10()1,10x f x x x ⎧≥⎪=⎨⎪-<⎩，则满足(6)(2)f x f x +<的x 的取值范围是（ ）A ．(],5-∞B ．[)5,6C ．(),6-∞D ．()4,6【答案】D【解析】画出()f x 的大致图像，根据图像化简不等式(6)(2)f x f x +<，由此求得x 的取值范围. 【详解】画出()f x 的大致图像如下图所示，由图可知，(6)(2)f x f x +<61026x x x +>⎧⇔⎨<+⎩，解得46x <<，所以满足(6)(2)f x f x +<的x 的取值范围是()4,6. 故选：D【点睛】本小题主要考查根据分段函数解析式解不等式，考查数形结合的数学思想方法，属于基础题.12．设函数21()211x xf x x =-++的最大值为m ，最小值为n ，则m n +=（ ） A ．1- B ．0C ．1D ．2【答案】C【解析】判断出()f x 的对称中心，由此求得m n +的值. 【详解】由于()()2211211211x x x x x x f x f x ---+-+++-=++1212121xx x =+=++，且()102f =，所以()f x 关于10,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭中心对称，所以最大值m 与最小值n 的和1212m n +=⨯=. 故选：C 【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的对称性，属于基础题.二、填空题13．已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数，当,0()x ∈∞-时，2()f x x x=-,则()2f =________.【答案】1-【解析】由f （x ）为R 上的奇函数即可得出f （2）＝﹣f （﹣2），并且x <0时，f （x ）＝2x ﹣x ，从而将x ＝﹣2带入f （x ）＝2x﹣x 的解析式即可求出f （﹣2），从而求出f （2）． 【详解】∵f （x ）是定义在R 上的奇函数，并且x <0时，f （x ）＝2x﹣x ； ∴f （2）＝﹣f （﹣2）＝﹣[-1﹣（﹣2）]＝-1． 故答案为：-1． 【点睛】本题考查奇函数的定义，以及已知函数求值的方法，熟记奇函数性质是关键，是基础题 14．函数1()|lg |3x f x x =-的零点个数为________. 【答案】2【解析】在同一个坐标系画两个函数1,lg 3xy y x ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭再研究通过观察即可得到所求零点个数． 【详解】在同一个坐标系画两个函数1,lg 3xy y x ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭，如图所示 则f （x ）的零点个数为2． 故答案为：2．【点睛】本题考查函数的零点个数的求法，注意运用数形结合思想方法，考查观察和判断能力，属于基础题．15．已知函数()22()log 2f x x ax a =-+在区间[1,)+∞上单调递增，则a 的取值范围是________.【答案】(]12-， 【解析】令t （x ）＝x 2﹣ax +2a ，则由题意可得t 的对称轴x 2a=≤1，且 t （1）＝1+a ＞0，由此求得a 的取值范围． 【详解】令t （x ）＝x 2﹣ax +2a ，则函数f （x ）＝log 2t （x ），又2log y t =单调递增，则t （x ）＝x 2﹣ax +2a 在区间[)1,+∞单调递增 由题意可得函数t （x ）的图象的对称轴 x 2a=≤1，且 t （1）＝1+a ＞0， 求得1-＜a ≤2，故答案为：(]12-，． 【点睛】本题主要考查复合函数的单调性，二次函数的性质，体现了转化的数学思想，属于中档题．16．已知函数24,()1,x x x af x e x a ⎧-≤=⎨->⎩，若函数()[()]g x f f x =在R 上有三个不同的零点，则实数a 的取值范围是______________．【答案】))2,02,6⎡⎡-⎣⎣U【解析】根据函数()[()]g x f f x =在R 上有三个不同的零点，通过换元法令()t f x =，转化为()0f t =有两解，结合0a <或2a ≥两种情况进行分类讨论，由此求得a 的取值范围. 【详解】令()t f x =，则()()g x f t =，由于函数()[()]g x f f x =在R 上有三个不同的零点，所以()()0g x f t ==必有两解，所以20a -≤<或2a ≥.当20a -≤<时，()f x 的图像如下图所示，由图可知，()y f t =必有两个零点122,0t t =-=，由于()2f x t =有两个解，所以()1f x t =有一个解，即242a -≤-，解得20a -≤<.当2a ≥时，()f x 的大致图像如下图所示，()y f t =必有两个零点342,2t t =-=，由于()3f x t =有两个解，所以()4f x t =有一个解，所以242a -<，解得26a ≤<.综上所述，实数a 的取值范围是)2,06⎡⎡-⎣⎣U . 故答案为：)2,06⎡⎡-⎣⎣U【点睛】本小题主要考查根据分段函数零点个数求参数的取值范围，考查数形结合的数学思想方法，考查分类讨论的数学思想方法，属于中档题.三、解答题17．设集合11|4322x A x ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭剟,{|121}B x m x m =-+剟. (1)若3m =,求R ()A B ⋃ð;(2)若B A ⊆,求m 的取值范围，【答案】(1)(,2)(7,)-∞-+∞U ；(2) 2m <-或12m -≤≤.【解析】（1）求解指数不等式化简集合A ，代入m =3求得B ,再求并集和补集（2）对集合B 分类讨论，当B 为空集时满足题意，求出m 的范围，当B ≠∅时，由两集合端点值间的关系列不等式求解．【详解】（1）{|25}A x x =-剟，当3m =时，{|27}B x x =剟， ∴[]2,7A B ⋃=-,∴()()(),27,R C A B ⋃=-∞-⋃+∞.（2）若B =∅，则121m m ->+，即2m <-，B A ⊆; 若B ≠∅，即2m ≥-时，要使B A ⊆，则12215m m -≥-⎧⎨+≤⎩,解得12m -≤≤, 综上可得2m <-或12m -≤≤.【点睛】本题考查子集与真子集，考查了集合的包含关系及其应用，训练了指数不等式的解法，是中档题．18．计算下列各式的值：（100.5819log 434-⎛⎫⎛⎫-++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭； （2）281lg500lg lg 64lg5lg 20(lg 2)52+-+⋅+． 【答案】（1）e （2）3【解析】（1）利用根式、指数和对数运算，化简求得表达式的值.（2）利用对数运算，化简求得表达式的值.【详解】（1）原式22log 42113log 8e =-++-2233e e =+-=． （2）原式2285005lg lg5(2lg 2lg5)(lg 2)lg100(lg 2lg5)38⨯=+⋅++=++=．【点睛】 本小题主要考查根式、指数和对数运算，属于基础题.19．已知幂函数()y f x =的图像过点()8,m 和()9,3．（1）求实数m 的值；（2）若函数()()f x g x a =(0,1)a a >≠在区间[]4,16上的最大值等于最小值的2倍，求实数a 的值．【答案】（1）2【解析】（1）根据点()9,3求得幂函数()f x 的解析式，由此求得m 的值.（2）根据复合函数最值的求法，结合01,1a a <<>两种情况进行分类讨论，由此求得实数a 的值.【详解】（1）设()f x x α=，依题意可得93α=，12α∴=，12()f x x =， 12(8)8m f ∴===（2）()g x =[2,4]，∴当01a <<时，2max ()g x a =，4min ()g x a =，由题意得242a a =，解得2a =； 当1a >时，4max ()g x a =，2min ()g x a =，由题意得422a a =，解得a =综上，所求实数a 的值为2． 【点睛】 本小题主要考查幂函数解析式的求法，考查复合函数最值，考查指数函数的单调性，考查分类讨论的数学思想方法，属于基础题.20．定义在R 上的偶函数()f x 满足:当(,0]x ∈-∞时,2()1f x x mx =-+-.(1)求0x >时, ()f x 的解析式;(2)若函数()f x 在区间[]2,4上的最大值为4,求m 的值.【答案】(1) 2()1(0)f x x mx x =--->；(2) m =-【解析】(1) 当0x >时，0x -<，()21f x x mx -=---,再利用偶函数性质求解即可 (2)讨论二次函数对称轴与区间[]2,4的位置关系，求最大值即可求解【详解】（1）当0x >时，0x -<，()21f x x mx -=---, ∵()f x 为偶函数，∴()()21(0)f x f x x mx x =-=--->. （2）当22m -<，即4m >-时，()f x 在[]2,4上递减，∴()24214f m =---=,92m =-，不符合；当242m ≤-≤，即84m -≤≤-时，2144m -=,m =±m =- 当42m ->，即8m <-时，()f x 在[]24，上递增，∴.()416414f m =---=,214m =-，不符合，综上可得m =-【点睛】本题考查偶函数性质，考查二次函数最值，考查分类讨论思想，是中档题21．已知函数22()log (2)log (2)f x x a x =++-的图像关于y 轴对称．（1）求()f x 的定义域及实数a 的值；（2）若关于x 的方程()20f x x t +-=有两个不同的实数根，求实数t 的取值范围．【答案】（1）()2,2-，1a =（2）172,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】（1）根据对数真数大于零列不等式组，解不等式组求得函数()f x 的定义域.根据()f x 的对称性判断出()f x 的奇偶性，根据函数的奇偶性列式求得a 的值.（2）由（1）求得()f x 的表达式，由此化简方程()20f x x t +-=，得到240x x t -+-=且()2,2x ∈-，构造函数2()4g x x x t =-+-，结合二次函数零点分布问题的求解列不等式组，解不等式组求得实数t 的取值范围.【详解】（1）由2020x x +>⎧⎨->⎩解得22x -<<，()f x ∴的定义域为()2,2-． 依题意可知()f x 为偶函数，()()f x f x ∴-=，2222log (2)log (2)log (2)log (2)x a x x a x ∴-++=++-，即[]22(1)log (2)log (2)0a x x -+--=， 即22(1)log 02x a x+-=-在()2,2-上恒成立，1a \=． （2）由（1）可知()2222()log (2)log (2)log 4f x x x x=++-=-，其中()2,2x ∈-，所以方程化简得240x x t -+-=，其中()2,2x ∈-，令2()4g x x x t =-+-，由题意可得14(4)0(2)20(2)20t g t g t ∆=-->⎧⎪=->⎨⎪-=+>⎩，解得172,4t ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭． （或分离参数，数形结合可得）【点睛】本小题主要考查对数型复合函数定义域的求法，考查根据函数的奇偶性求参数，考查二次函数在给定区间上的零点分布问题的求解，属于中档题.22．已知函数(21()log 2f x x =-+-是定义在R 上的奇函数． （1）求函数1()2y f x =-的零点； （2）当[]0,2x ∈时，求函数2134x x y a a -=-+的值域．【答案】（1）12-（2）13,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦【解析】（1）利用奇函数的性质列方程，由此求得a 的值.令()102f x -=，由此求得函数1()2y f x =-的零点. （2）利用配方法，结合指数函数、二次函数的性质，求得当[]0,2x ∈时，函数2134x x y a a -=-+的值域．【详解】（1）()f x Q 是奇函数，()()0f x f x ∴+-=，即((221log log 0x x --++=，()222g 1lo x a x +-=，2a =，由()102f x -=得(2log 1x -=2x =+，12x =-， 故1()2y f x =-的零点是12-． （2）[]0,2x ∈时，()()22211111342628232222x x x x x y a a -⎡⎤=-+=-⋅+-=--⎢⎥⎣⎦， 124x ≤≤Q ，∴当23x =即2log 3x =时，y 取得最小值12-，当21x =即0x =时，y 取得最大值32， 故值域为13,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦．【点睛】本小题主要考查根据函数的奇偶性求参数，考查函数零点的求法，考查复合函数值域的求法，属于中档题.。
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A“Why do I feel cold when I have a fever?” “Why does the sun rise in the east?” I knew the day would come when my little girl Sophie would learn to talk and inevitably (不可避免地) start askingthose questions. The questions themselves weren’t worrying me. I was actually looking forward to seeing where her curiosity would lie.What was bothering (烦恼) me was whether or not I would know the answers. In the age of the smartphone, this may seem like a silly worry. The answers to almost everything would be just one Google away.Still, I struggled with how I was going to prepare to become an all-knowing mother. Then one day, it struck me: I didn’t need to have all the answers. What a great example I could set if I let my daughter know that I, too, was still learning. And I realized how much more I could learn if I took another look at things I thought I already knew the answer to with the curiosity of a child. My little girl’s mind is a beginner’s mind--- curious, open to new ideas, eager to learn, and not based on knowledge that already exists. I decided that I would deal with her questions with a beginner’s mind, too.Once I decided to become more curious, I started noticing that curiosity was becoming more important in the workplace, too. It seems that leaders don't need to have all the answers, but they do need to be curious.Curious about curiosity, I searched for answers and found Albert Einstein’s famous words, “I have no special talent. I am only passionately (热情地) curious.” We mightquibble overthe view that Einstein had no special talent, but there is one thing for certain---he wouldn't have solved the puzzles of the universe without his passionate curiosity. Then I came across another Einstein quote, “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason or existence.”1. The advantage of having a beginner’s mind is that ________.A. people can learn much faster.B. people won't be afraid to make mistakes.C. people are willing to receive new things.D. people won't be expected to answer all questions.2. What does the example of Einstein’s words show?A. Einstein was passionate about curiosity.B. Einstein’s quotes are very famous.C. Curiosity is of great significance.D. Curiosity is more necessary than talent.3. What does the underlined phrase “quibble over” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Fight against.B. Argue about.C. Work out.D. Agree withBMost animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid. These act as antigens totriggerthe development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place? Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive.To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at theUniversityofHelsinki, inFinland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye, to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.4. What does the underlined word “trigger" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Cut out.B. Set off.C. Slow down.D. Put off.5. Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3?A. Queen bees.B. Nurse bees.C. Bee eggs.D. Baby bees.6. Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water?A. To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.B. To check how the bacterium would affect the hive.C. To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.D. To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.7. What is the text mainly about?A. How bees multiply.B. How antigens function.C. How bees get vaccinated.D. How immune system works.CNowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure (程序) has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hopingto perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.Despite many benefits technology brings. I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adults our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, sex, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.Overall. my feelings about this operation are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and challenges that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.8. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?A. The cost of the operation is extremely high.B. Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.C. A good many problems and side effects may arise.D. This procedure has only been successful on animals9. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.B. Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.C. Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.D. Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.10. What is the writers’ attitude towards brain transplants an humans?A. indifferentB. favorableC. disapprovingD. objective11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage brain donation.B. To stress the importance of brain operation.C. Toargue against brain transplants on humans.D. To introduce the technology of brain transplants.DThe world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southernAtlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away fromAntarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hitSouth Georgiain around 30 days.This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food.Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill（磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations ofthese species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs fromAntarcticais a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future."12. Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash?A. It will bring extremely cold weather.B. It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals.C. It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving.D. It will prevent animals from moving to other places.13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The characteristic of the iceberg.B. The importance of the iceberg.C. The traveling speed of the iceberg.D. The forming process of the iceberg.14. What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4?A. Using up much fresh water.B. Polluting the surrounding farms.C. Changing the world's ecosystem.D. Affecting the number of certain species.15. How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs fromAntarctica?A. It may slow down in the near future.B. It may become common in the future.C. It has a great influence on the climate.D. It helps scientists conduct a sea study.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三生物上学期期中试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三生物上学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 在试管中依次加入质量分数为3%的可溶性淀粉溶液2mL，2%的新鲜淀粉酶溶液2mL，放入60℃左右的热水中，保温5min，然后加入质量浓度为0.lg/mLNaOH溶液1mL，摇匀，再加入质量浓度为0.01g/mL的CuSO4溶液4滴，振荡均匀，试管中液体的发生的颜色变化是（）A.由蓝色到砖红色B.由蓝色到紫色C.由无色到砖红色D.由无色到紫色2. 下列哪组物质是由许多单体连接而成的多聚体（）A. 纤维素、脱氧核糖核酸B. 多肽、核糖核苷酸C. 果糖、核糖核酸D. 氨基酸、肌糖原3. 下图表示人体特异性免疫的部分过程，其中正确的是（）A.a细胞产生的抗体和b细胞产生的淋巴因子均可与抗原特异性结合B.c代表效应T细胞，与靶细胞密切接触，使靶细胞中的抗原裂解死亡C.d代表吞噬细胞，摄取处理后的抗原可传递给T细胞D.a细胞都是由B细胞增殖、分化所形成的，b细胞与细胞免疫和体液免疫都有关4. 关于有氧呼吸的特点（与无氧呼吸相比），下列表述不正确的是（）A.需要多种酶参与B.后者不一定释放CO2C.分解有机物不彻底D.生成大量ATP5. 科学家人工构建了一对代号为X-Y的新碱基对，X与Y可相互配对，但不能与已知碱基配对。
将含X-Y 碱基对的质粒导入大肠杆菌，并在培养基中添加相应原料，实验结果显示该质粒在大肠杆菌中可进行多轮自我复制。
下列叙述正确的是（）A. 该过程需要DNA聚合酶的参与B. 该过程所需的脱氧核苷酸有4种C. 该质粒上碱基X与Y的数量不相等D. 含X-Y碱基对的基因可准确表达出蛋白质6. 两名身体健康的受试者在进行60s剧烈运动时，血乳酸峰值出现在运动后7～10min；而在进行12min轻微运动时，血乳酸浓度均在运动后1min即达到最高。
下列叙述正确的是（）A.剧烈运动时，人体产生的CO2来源于有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸B.剧烈运动后7min内，人体还在进行无氧呼吸产生乳酸C.人体在运动强度不大、氧气供应充足时不会有乳酸的生成D.12min轻微运动后血乳酸浓度峰值高于60s剧烈运动7. 在生长素的发现过程中，很多科学家进行了实验探究。
湖南省民办学校联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中化学试卷 (含答案解析)
湖南省民办学校联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中化学试卷一、单选题（本大题共24小题，共48.0分）1.化学与生活、社会发展息息相关，下列有关说法不正确的是()A. “青蒿一握，以水二升渍，绞取汁”，屠呦呦对青蒿素的提取属于化学变化B. “霾尘积聚难见路人”，雾霾所形成的气溶胶有丁达尔效应C. 《本草纲目》记载的“凡酸坏之酒，皆可蒸烧”的实验方法可用来分离乙酸和乙醇D. “丹砂(HgS)烧之成水银，积变又还成了丹砂”，该过程发生了分解、化合、氧化还原反应2.明代《本草纲目》记载了民间酿酒的工艺“凡酸坏之酒，皆可蒸烧”，“以烧酒复烧二次…价值数倍也”.这里用到的实验方法可用于分离()A. 汽油和氯化钠溶液B. 39%的乙醇溶液C. 氯化钠与单质溴的水溶液D. 硝酸钾和氯化钠的混合物3.分离下列混合物，按溶解、过滤、蒸发的操作顺序进行的是()A. 硝酸钠、氢氧化钠B. 氧化铜、二氧化锰C. 二氧化锰、氯化钾D. 硫酸铜、氢氧化钙4.能用分液漏斗分离的混合物是()A. 液溴和四氯化碳B. 甘油和乙酸C. 生石灰和乙醇溶液D. 苯和蒸馏水5.下列说法不正确的是()A. 不慎碰倒酒精灯，洒出的酒精在桌面上燃烧，应立即用湿抹布盖灭B. 眼睛里不慎溅进了药液，应立即用水冲洗，边洗边眨眼睛，不可用手揉眼睛C. 万一发生着火，要沉着快速处理，首先要切断热源、电源，移走附近的可燃物，再针对燃烧物的性质选用湿抹布、干沙土、水、泡沫灭火器、二氧化碳灭火器、1211灭火器等来进行灭火D. 给试管里的液体加热时，液体的体积不超过其容积的2/36.在同温同压下，等体积的CO2和CO一定具有：①相同的质量②相同的密度③相同的分子数④相同的碳原子数()A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ④7.在同温同压下，向大小相同的气球分别充入CO和以下四种混合气体，当体积相等时A、B、C、D四个气球内，与充入CO气球内所含原子数一定相等的是()A. B. C. D.8.分类法在化学学科发展中起到了非常重要的作用，下列分类依据合理的是()①根据氧化物的组成将氧化物分成金属氧化物、非金属氧化物②根据物质在水中的溶解度，将物质分为可溶性物质、微溶性物质和难溶性物质③根据分散系的本质为是否有丁达尔现象，将分散系分为溶液、胶体和浊液④根据组成元素的种类将纯净物分为单质和化合物⑤根据物质溶于水或熔融状态下能否导电，将物质分为电解质和非电解质A. ①②④B. ②④⑤C. ①②③④D. ①②④⑤9.下列说法正确的是()A. 摩尔既是物质的量的单位，又是粒子的数量单位B. 2mol O2的质量是64g/molC. 当摩尔质量以g·mol−1为单位时，在数值上与阿伏加德罗常数个该物质的微粒的质量总和相等(质量以g为单位)D. 1mol SO2中含有2mol氧元素10.下列溶液中与50mL1mol·L−1的AlCl3溶液中氯离子浓度相等的是()A. 150mL1mol·L−1的NaClB. 75mL2mol·L−1的NH4ClC. 150mL3mol·L−1的KClD. 75mL2mol·L−1的CaCl211.下列关于胶体的叙述中，错误的是()A. 胶体能透过半透膜，不能透过滤纸B. 可用丁达尔效应区分溶液和胶体C. Fe(OH)3胶体的电泳实验说明了胶体粒子带有电荷D. 江河入海口三角洲的形成，通常与胶体的性质有关12.下列物质属于电解质的是()A. 氯水B. CuC. NH3D. CaO13.在无色透明的溶液中可以大量共存的离子组是A. OH−K+Al3+B. OH−NH4+Cl−C. Cu2+NO3−Cl−D. Mg2+K+Cl−14.将下列物质按酸、碱、盐分类顺序排列，正确的是()A. 硫酸、烧碱、纯碱B. 硫酸、纯碱、食盐C. 碳酸、乙醇、高锰酸钾D. 磷酸、熟石灰、生石灰15.下列离子方程式正确的是()A. 硫酸铵溶液与氢氧化钡溶液共热：B. 氯化铵溶液中加入稀氢氧化钠溶液：C. 氯化铵固体和熟石灰共热：D. 碳酸铵溶液中通入足量二氧化碳：16.已知常温下在溶液中可发生如下两个离子反应Ce4++Fe2+=Fe3++Ce3+，Sn2++2Fe3+=2Fe2++Sn4+.由此可以确定Fe2+、Ce3+、Sn2+三种离子的还原性最强和最弱的离子分别是()A. Sn2+和Ce3+B. Sn2+和Fe2+C. Ce3+和Sn2+D. Fe2+和Ce3+17.将0.48g Mg粉加入到500mL 0.1mol/L的硝酸中恰好完全反应，则还原产物可能是()A. NO2B. NOC. N2O3D. NH4+18.下列反应中属于氧化还原反应的是()A. CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2B. SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2OC. CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑D. Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I219.某反应的反应物与生成物有：K2Cr2O7、KCl、CrCl3、C12、HCl、H2O，已知氧化性K2Cr2O7>C12，则下列说法不正确的是()A. 氧化剂和还原剂的物质的量之比为1:14B. 由此反应可知还原性HCl>CrCl3C. 当转移0.2mol电子时，被氧化的还原剂的物质的量为0.2molD. Cl2是该反应的氧化产物20.N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是()A. 2.24L HCl气体溶于水所得溶液中H+的数目为0.1N AB. 含N A个SO32−的Na2SO3溶液中，Na+的数目大于2N AC. 1L0.1mol/LCH3COONa溶液中所含的CH3COO−数目为N AD. 1molFeCl3加入沸水制得的胶体中含有胶体粒子的数目为N A21.将30mL0.5mol/LNaOH溶液稀释到500mL，稀释后溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度为()A. 0.03mol/LB. 0.3mol/LC. 0.4mol/LD. 0.04mol/L22.氧化还原反应与四种基本类型反应的关系如下图所示，则下列化学反应属于图中阴影部分的是()A. 4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3B. 2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑C. 4NH3+5O24NO+6H2OD. Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2↑23.把100mL含有NH4Cl和(NH4)2SO4的混合溶液分成2等份，一份加入含a mol NaOH的溶液，加热，恰好使NH4+完全以气体排出；另一份加入含bmol BaCl2的溶液，恰好使SO42−完全沉淀；则该混合溶液中Cl−物质的量浓度为()A. 10(b−2a)mol⋅L−1B. 10(2a−b)mol⋅L−1C. 20(a−2b)mol⋅L−1D. 20(b−2a)mol⋅L−124.如图所示，分别向密闭容器内可移动活塞的两边充入空气(已知空气体积占整个容器容积的1/4)、H2和O2的混合气体，在标准状态下，若将H2、O2的混合气体点燃引爆。
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AConservation Volunteering in New ZealandWhether you are a student, professional or a retiree (退休者), anyone is welcome to make a difference and contribute to protecting some of the most beautiful islands in the world. Choose a suitable city and travelout to your conservation (保护) site to work with local people!Duration: 1-12 weeks Dates: Throughout the yearArrival day: Friday Return day: FridayRequirement: General level of fitness Age: 18+What will I be doing?Volunteer in New Zealand and enjoy conserving the environment through activities such as:·Tree planting·Walking trail construction·Protect native birds, insects, fish and penguins·Seed collection·Weed controlYou, and a group of up to 10 volunteers, will work under the guidance of a conservation team leader. Your team leader will give you regular safety instructions, inform you of the project aims and assist you with working effectively.No previous experience is necessary to join the project. All you need is a love of the environment and a fairly good level of fitness to help out!1.Who can sign up for this conservation volunteering project?A.A retired maths teacher.B.A primary school student.C.A scientist with heart disease.D.A businessman in a wheelchair.2.What can you do on the volunteer trip?A.Protect cultural sites and go shopping.B.Enjoy local sightseeing and go fishing.C.Protect weeds and build roads.D.Collect seeds and plant trees.3.From which is the text probably taken?A.A history book.B.A travel magazine.C.A research paper.D.A novel.BExperts are warning about the risks of extremely picky(挑剔的)eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors inBristolcared for the 17-year-old after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency(缺乏). Dr. Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.”The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to theBristolEyeHospitalbecause of progressive sight loss.He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight,” said Dr Denize Atan, “That means he can’t drive and would find it reallyarduousto read, watch TV or recognize faces.”Dr Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned , she advised, “It’s best not to be anxious about picky eating , and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement(补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It’s much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet,” she said, adding that too manycertain vitamins , including vitamin A, can be harmful ,“so you don’t want to overdo it.”4. What does Dr Denize Atan imply in paragraph 1?A. The diet of the boy is not balanced.B. Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins.C. Picky eating is common among teenagers.D. The cause of the boy’s disease is unknown.5. Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14?A. To improve his poor diet.B. To get some help to lose weight.C. To be treated for his discomfort.D. To slow down his progressive sight loss.6. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Important.B. Easy.C. Necessary.D. Difficult.7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Reasons why the boy is seriously ill.B.Suggestions for the boy’s family to care for him.C. Advice for parents worried about picky eating.D. Waysof taking in enough vitamins and minerals.CWhen my friend suggested going to the op shop (二手商店)，instantly I thought “I hope no one I know sees me”. It was the same when my cousin commented on my new furniture and Japanese, fine-bone-china bowls and asked where I got them. They were from the local op shop but instead I said “from the antique shop”.Many people in my Greek-Cypriot community would look down on me if I said I shopped at the op shop. They may pity me, consider me poor, a failure. Immigrants sacrificed their families and homes for a better life. Buying a house and having enough money to live comfortably, to educate your children and see them also live comfortably, are a big part of the immigrant dream, But has this dream made us materialistic at the cost of our own planet?Our love for purchasing the latest trendy clothes or furniture, then donating them when we are tired of them has become normal. I was once like this. But after watching the documentaryThe True CostI learned donated clothes that don’t get sold are sent to developing nations, many of them ending up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). In addition, your new dress requires electricity and materials to make. But if you buy a second-hand dress, that’s one less dress in a landfill and one less new dress to be made.A friend introduced me to op shopping only a few years ago. My firstitem was a dress she gifted me. It was lovely and I loved it. Nobody could tell it was second-hand. This opened me up to purchasing more second-hand high quality branded clothes. Once I visited a friend and was impressed by how she decorated her apartment. “It’s all second-hand,” she said. I couldn’t believe it. The truth is a lot of things sold at the op shop are in new or almost new condition. That’s when I made the decision to only buy second-hand things.Selling second-hand things isn’t anything new butwhat the planet needs is more buyers. There is so muchexcess (过量) production in the world. So stop feeling ashamed, and let’s get shopping.8. What kind of feeling is expressed in Paragraph 1?A. Pride.B. Embarrassment.C. Delight.D. Sympathy.9. Whatare many people in the author’s community like?A. They are probably materialistic.B. They care about the environment.C. They think highly of op shopping.D. They look down upon immigrants.10. What was the author encouraged to do after visiting her friend’s apartment?A. Watch the documentaryThe True Cost.B. Donate more to local charities.C. Avoid shopping too much.D. Stop buying new things.11. What’s the purpose of the text?A. To entertain.B. To advertise.C. To persuade.D. To describe.DOnce a rich and clever boy had practically everything a boy could want, so he was not interested in most toys. But he couldn't get a very old mirror, and heconvinced his parents to buy it from mysterious（神秘的）old man. When the mirror arrived home, the boy went to see his reflection in it. His face looked very sad indeed. He tried smiling and making funny faces, but his reflection continued with its sad expression. "What a terrible mirror! It's the first time I've seen a mirror that didn't work properly!" the boy jumped violently.That same afternoon he went into the street to play and bought a few toys, but on his way to the park he saw a little girl who was crying her heart out. The girl was crying so much and looked so lonely that the rich boy went over to help her and to see what had happened. The little girl told him that she had lost her parents.Together the two set off in search of the parents. As the little girl wouldn't stop crying, the boy spent his money buying her sweets to cheer her up. Finally, after much walking, they found her parents who were much worried and were looking for her everywhere.The rich boy said goodbye to them. As it was getting late, he decided to head for home, without being able to play. At home, he went to his room, and noticed a shining light in the corner, the same corner he had left the mirror in. Seeing this, he went over to the mirror, and realised that the light was coming from his own body, soradiant（闪亮的）with happiness he had become.And so he understood the mystery of that mirror, the only mirror which could faithfully reflect the true joy of its owner. He realised it was true. He felt very happy at having helped that little girl. And since then, each morning when he looked in that mirror and failed to see a special shine, he knew what he had to do to bring it back.12. How did the boy feel when he first looked into the mirror?A. Embarrassed.B. Angry.C. Worried.D. Delighted.13. Why was the little girl crying so hard?A. She couldn't find her parents.B. She couldn't get the mysterious mirror.C. Her parents couldn't buy toys for her.D. The boy refused to give his toys to her.14. What could the boy see in the mirror after he went back from the park?A. A shining toy.B. A broken mirror.C. His happy face.D. The lovely girl.15. What is the purpose of this text?A. To tell us a horrible story.B. To introduce to us a strange mirror.C. To warn us not to be selfish.D. To encourage us to help others.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年长沙明德中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASahara Marathon 2021-Around the WorldThe Sahara Marathon is organized by the Saharawi Ministry of Youth and Sports and a group of volunteers from different countries. During the last twenty years, thousands of runners from all continents have traveled to the Algerian desert to live the experience provided by this race and to bond with refugee families. In this unique edition of 2021, the experience will be different. The race will be held in a virtual way and the donations collected through the event will go to the most needy families in the Saharawi Camps of Tindouf.Rules of the 2021 Sahara MarathonParticipationAll those people over 16 years of age (16 included) may take part in this virtual competition, as long as they are correctly registered, both in time and in form. The registered runner must download the Official Sahara Marathon APP to take the race.Distance and TravelThe distance options selectable in the APP are: 5k, 10k, 21k and 42k. As it is a virtual test, it is very important to make sure that the chosen route allows good mobile coverage for the correct functioning of the GPS. RegistrationRegistration has a cost of 15 euros, which includes participation in the race and a donation of 5 euros to refugee families. Participants can, if they choose, purchase the official pack of the test (T-shirt, scar, and bib) for the price of 25 euros.AcceptanceRegistration is personal and non-transferable and implies acceptance of these regulations. Runners who are not registered or run without the APP will not be admitted.1. What can we learn about the 2021 Sahara Marathon?A. It is a big family event.B. It provides a virtual tour.C. It raises money for charity.D. It will be held in the desert.2. How much should a runner pay if he wants to register for the race?A. 15 euros.B. 20 euros.C. 25 euros.D. 40 euros.3. What are runners required to do in the race?A. Choose safe routes.B. Wear casual clothes.C. Run with the official app.D. Transfer registration in time.BOne-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services atRedcarCollege, was passing byQueen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.4. When did Tallulah get choked?A. While eating sweets.B. While enjoying a drama.C. While having a meal.D. While taking some medicine.5. Why did the family go out into the street?A. To buy some needed tools.B. To search for timely help.C. To get a breath of fresh air.D. To wait for the ambulance to arrive.6. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin?A. Brave and selfless.B. Kind and energetic.C. Determined and generous.D. Quick-thinking and helpful.7. What may be the best title for the text?A. First aid skill sounds important.B. Screaming for help makes sense.C. Eating sweets endangers baby girl.D. Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life.CFor years, life went something like this: We’d grow up in one place, head off to college, and then find a city to get a job and live there for a few years. The final goal was to find somewhere to settle down, buy a house, start a family, and begin the whole cycle all over again. But now some people are increasingly choosing to move from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as frequently as every month.Just ask Alex Chatzieleftheriou, who has had a front-row seat watching this evolution unfold. Six years ago, he launched a startup called Blueground that rents out beautifully designed, fully furnished apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. And it aims to make each one feel unique and comfortable,rather than standardized, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.Today, the company has 3,000 properties(房地产) in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Chatzieleftheriou’s native Athens, and a staff of 400. With the helpof the Series B round of funding, the company landed $ 50 million, plus its previous total of $ 28 million, to continue its rapid expansion. It hopes to have 50,000 properties in 50 cities over the next three years.Chatzieleftheriou first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The accommodation of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in hotel rooms, living in 12 different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.” And what’s more, hotels aren’t a particularly cost-effective solution for companies either. In Chatzieleftheriou’s case, McKinsey sometimes paid $ 10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month.8. What does the author intend to tell in the first paragraph?A. A new lifestyle is appearing.B. Life is just like a circle for people.C. Most people are used to an easy life.D. People live in different places in life.9. What is the goal of Blueground?A. To compete with hotels.B. To create standardized hotels.C. To make renters feel at home.D. To rent out long-term apartments.10. What do we know about Blueground?A. It got a total investment of $ 78 million.B. Its business is anything but satisfying.C. It expanded to every corner of the world.D. It has 50,000 properties in 50 cities.11. What does the last paragraph focus on?A. High costs of hotels.B. Chatzieleftheriou’s former work.C Strengths of Blueground.D. The inspiration for Blueground.DDad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he wouldsmile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different.My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.12. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?A. Generation gap.B. Dad’s failure in business.C. My ignorance of Dad.D. Dad’s absence from the family.13. Which of the following can best describe Dad?A. Gentle but strict.B. Hardworking and caring.C. Cautious and realistic.D. Demanding but patient.14. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?A. To give her a lesson.B. To follow his old habit.C. To fix their relationship.D. To praise her helpfulness.15. Which saying concludes the text best?A. Yesterday once more.B. Let bygones be bygones.C. Some things never change.D. Like father, like daughter.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高一(上)期中数学试卷
A. B. C. D.
12.设函数 的最大值为 ，最小值为 ，则 ＝（）
A. B. C. D.
二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．
13.已知函数 是定义在 上的奇函数，当 时， ，则 ＝________．
14.函数 的零点个数为________．
15.已知函数 在区间 上单调递增，则 的取值范围是________．
（1）求实数 的值；
（2）若函数 ＝ 在区间 上的最大值等于最小值的 倍，求实数 的值．
20.定义在 上的偶函数 满足：当 时， ＝ ．
（1）求 时， 的解析式；
（2）若函数 在区间 上的最大值为 ，求 的值．
21.已知函数 ＝ 的图象关于 轴对称．
（1）求 的定义域及实数 的值；
（2）若关于 的方程 ＝ 有两个不同的实数根，求实数 的取值范围．
3.已知函数 ＝ 且 的图象恒过定点 ，点 在幂函数 ＝ 的图象上，则
A. B. C. D.
4.函数 的图象大致为（）
A. B.
C. D.
5.函数 ＝ 的零点所在的区间为（）
A. B. C. D.
6.下列函数是偶函数且在区间 上单调递减的是（）
A. ＝ B. ＝ C. ＝ D.
7.已知 ， ， ＝ ，则（）
17.
【答案】
由 ，得 ，∴ ＝ ，
当 ＝ 时， ＝ ，
∴ ＝ ，则 ＝ ；
若 ＝ ，则 ，即 ，满足 ；
若 ，即 时，要使 ，则 ，解得 ，
综上可得 或 ．
18.
【答案】
原式 ．
原式 ．
19.
【答案】
设幂函数 ＝ ，图象过点 和 可得 ＝ ，∴ ， ，∴ ．
2020年长沙明德中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
2020年长沙明德中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), red tourism has gained popularity among tourists who flood in to visit historic sites with a modern revolutionary heritage.JinggangshanThis is one of the most crucial and splendid chapters of history of establishing Red China as well as a unique and wonderful ecosystem, which is covered with rich forest, rugged peaks and several memorials to the Red Army. The best time to visit is between April and October, with the most temperature timing April and May when the large azaleas (杜鹃花) bloom.Open: 8:00-17:00 (Feb. 16-Nov. 15). 8:00-16:30 (Nov. 16-Feb. 15)XibaipoIt is an old revolutionary base where the leadership of the Communist Party of China was stationed, drawing up the blueprint for a new country. A memorial hall was built to honor the memory of this site. The lake and the hill here add brilliance and beauty to each other and form pleasant scenery.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 9:30-17:00 (Xibaipo Memorial Hall)The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial HallA new exhibition is held with updated display approaches, including phantom imaging (全息影像) and oil painting, which are used to improve visitors' experiences. The exhibition shows four stages of the CPC from its establishment to its achievements.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 8:30-18:00 (closed on Mondays)Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew YouthNew Youthstarted the New Culture Movement and spread the influence of the May Fourth Movement. The site was briefly based in Beijing but moved back to Shanghai in 1920 and also served as the office for the Communist Party of China Central Committee in the 1920s.Open: Thursdays to Tuesdays 9:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 16:30 (closed on Wednesdays)1. Where would visitors learn more about the history of the Red Army?A. Jinggangshan.B. Xibaipo.C. The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall.D. Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth.2. What do we know about the Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall?A. It focuses on Chinese achievements in art.B. It mainly advertises the coming anniversary.C. It applies modernized methods to the exhibition.D. It briefly introduces the rise and fall of Nanhu.3. When can tourists visit Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth?A. At 1:00 p.m. on Mondays.B. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesdays.C. At 2:00 p.m. on Fridays.D. At 5:00 p.m on Sundays.BAn unmanned Chinese spacecraft left the earth on a trip to the planet Mars on Thursday. The launch（发射）marks the start of one of China's most important space explorations. China's national space agency launched the spacecraft called Tianwen-1 fromthe Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center on Hainan Island.The name Tianwen means “Questions to Heaven” in Chinese. The spacecraft took off on China's largest carrier rocket, the Long March 5, and about 36 minutes later, the spacecraft, including an orbiter（轨道飞行器）and a rover（漫游车），was sent into the Earth-Mars orbit. It is expected to reach the orbit of the red planet next February. Tianwen-1 will finish three scientific goals—orbiting the red planet, landing on the Mars and sending a rover to the landing site.Tianwen-1 carries several scientific instruments to observe the planet's atmosphere and surface. It will do a series of scientific researches on the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water. Besides its daily work of exploring the surface of Mars for 90 days, it will also report back to the earth about its experiences on the red planet, which is millions of miles away. According to experts, discovering signs of life will be its first and most important scientific goal.Tianwen-1's successful landing will make China the second nation to place a spacecraft on Mars. The United States has landed eight vehicles on Mars since 1976. China will be the first to successfully orbit, land and place a vehicle in the same mission. This is China's first independent mission to Mars. The task in 2011 failed when a Russian rocket carrying a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape the Earth orbit. Last year, China's Chang e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing on the far side of the moon.4. When will Tianwen-1 enter the orbit of Mars?A. 36 minutes later.B. Next Thursday.C. In 90 days.D. Next February.5. What is the main task of Tianwen-1 according to experts?A. Orbiting the Mars.B. Landing on the Mars.C. Discovering signs of life.D. Sending a rover to the landing site.6. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?A. Tianwen-1 is the second vehicle landed on the Mars.B. The United States is the first to land vehicles on the Mars.C. Russia helped China place Tianwen-1 on the Mars.D. Chang，e-4 was the first to make a landing on the moon.7. Where can you find this article?A. In a newspaper.B. In a diary.C. In a sci-fi novel.D. In a guide book.CWhen girls play with cars, they're serious. It was at primary school that Gu Huijing first became interested in cars after watching some car-themed movies. Born in2004 inShenzhen, Guangdong province, Gu decided to major in automobiles (汽车) when she was in junior high.She's driven by interest, but she is also a realist. “I think the future of the automobile industry is bright because we cannot live without food, clothes, houses and cars,” she said.In April, she won first prize at a competition for vehicle maintenance (车辆维修) in Dongguan city, which drew 33 teams from different cities across the province.“I thought it couldn't be that hard to repair cars when I started to take courses, but I was totally wrong,” Gu said. When she started learning in 2019, she was frequently confused by various problems. “And competition within our school is intense, so I had to work extra hard,” she said.Her teacher once tried to persuade her to give up as she was a sophomore (大二学生), and wasn't as knowledgeable as the seniors, and no women had ever been selected for the competition before. “But I insisted that I would carry on,” she said. Finally, her training and hard work won her the only place to stand for her school at the competition.A woman winning first prize in a vehicle maintenance competition became a hot topic on-line, causing heateddiscussions over gender (性别) and career choices. “Women should not be influenced by old-fashioned thinking, and should do whatever it takes to discover their interests and strengths. There are more possibilities out there,” one netizen wrote.Gu said, “Many people think vehicle maintenance is a job for men. That's wrong. I don't think gender has anything to do with choice of jobs.” “I have a goal and I will work harder to make it happen,” she added. “I will be responsible for my choices.”8. What was a cause of Gu's choosing automobiles as her major?A. The love for automobiles.B. The guidance from her parents.C. The high popularity of automobiles.D. The determination to contribute to society.9. Why did Gu's teacher advise her to quit the competition?A. She lacked the knowledge related to it.B. She had never taken part in a competition before.C. She was unlikely to win the competition.D. Women were not allowed to enter the competition.10. Which of the following best describes Gu Huijing?A. Creative and caring.B. Determined and hard-working.C. Independent and humorous.D. Honest and courageous.11. What would be the best title for the text?A. There Is No End To LearningB. Teenage Girl Wins Car Repair ContestC. Vehicle Maintenance Catches OnD. Taking Challenge Leads To SuccessDEarthquake can disrupt whales’ hunting for food for up to a year,according to a new study.On November 14, 2016, the Kaikoura earthquake struck New Zealand’s South Island, causing a destructive tsunami. Under the surface, the earthquake caused strong currents that swept away and mostly killed off diverse ecosystems of creatures living along the Kaikoura underwater canyon.As a result, whales had to dive deeper and longer to find food—“a major shift” in their behavior, saysco-author Liz Slooten, a marine biologist at the University of Otago in New Zealand.The impact earthquakes have on land animals has been well documented, but scientists know ly little about what happens underwater. Such research is important for government agencies, which may need to take recent earthquakes into consideration when considering fishing quotas（限额）, notes Rochelle Constantine, a marine mammal ecologist at the University of Auckland.The canyon’s upper reaches are rich in creatures, supplying food for the fish that make up the whales’ diet. So when these smaller life forms were washed away, it had “severe consequences for the community around there”, says study co-author Will Rayment. “That effect flowed all the way through the food chain.”As part of their ongoing study, the scientists were tracking 42 individual whales. After the earthquake, in all, the team managed to record data on 40 whales, showing that the abundance of whales in the general area didn’t change after the earthquake. However, the whales changed how they used their habitat.A year after the earthquake, the researchers observed the whales returning to their previous surface-breathing intervals. This could have been because the communities of animals that make up the whales’ food began to recover. “It gives you an idea of how resilient（有复原力的）these deep-sea communities are,” says Rayment.But he and his colleagues will continue long-term monitoring to see if there are effects they missed. Whale activity in the area had already been declining, though it’s unknown whether it is due to natural changes in food abundance, whale-watching tourism, fishing, or warming ocean temperatures. “There is something going on in Kaikoura,” says Rayment.12. What happened after the Kaikoura earthquake in the Kaikoura canyon?A. Several destructive tsunamis struck the area.B. Whales had to swim to other oceans to find food.C. Nearly all marine creatures in Kaikoura were killed off.D. Strong currents washed away many smaller creatures.13. Which is one of the findings of the study?A. Earthquakes can make it easier for whales to find food.B. The whales changed their habitat after the earthquake.C. It usually takes whales a year to adapt to their new diet.D. The number of whales in the area dropped sharply after the quake.14. What does Rochelle Constantine think of the study?A. It can help government agencies to make some decisions about fishing.B. It can help government agencies to solve problems in the fishing industry.C. It is a breakthrough in research on what happens underwater after an earthquake.D. It offers a detailed description of the impact earthquake have on marine mammals.15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Something is affecting the whale activity in Kaikoura.B. Fishing quotas have been increasing in recent years.C. The team missed some effects in the research process.D. The scientists will continue studying earthquakes.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACitisport inNewportWe at Citisport aim to improve sports training and facilities inNewport, giving you more opportunities to try both new and traditional sports.GolfWe are pleased to be able to offer lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre just outsideNewport. These are run by experienced golf professionals, and are held on an all-weather practice area. The adult lessons are open to anyone aged 13 and over, and are suitable for all levels from beginners upwards. These take place on Wednesdays from 3:00 to 4:00 pm over a period of six weeks. Children’s lessons for 7-12 year old are held from 2:00 to 3:00 pm on Saturdays during term time.TennisThe Citisport tennis courses provide an opportunity for local people to develop their skills on the brand-new indoor tennis court at Newport Leisure Centre. All equipment can be provided, but please feel free to use your own racket (球拍) if you prefer. Our Starter course is held on Mondays from 7:00 to 8:00 pm, and is for beginners of 12 years and over. Our Improver course, which takes place on Tuesdays from 8:00 to 9:00 pm, is for players with some experience.Football for girlsBy popular request, Citisport is holding another one-day girls-only football course. This aims to give local girls the chance to learn essential skills and develop more advanced ones. The course will take place on Saturday, 9th November from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, and is open to all girls aged 10-14 years living in theNewportarea.GymnasticsThis course is for beginners aged 8-14 and will provide an introduction to basic skills. There is a maximum of six pupils per coach in each class. At the end of the course there is a demonstration for friends and family of all the skills learnt there. The course will take place on Thursdays from 6:00 to 7:00 pm.1. What can we know about the Citisport golf lessons?A. You can take lessons at Kingsway Golf Centre insideNewport.B. The golf lessons can take place only in good weather.C. Teenagers can attend golf lessons on Wednesday afternoons.D. Children’s lessons usually last 2 or 3 hours on Saturday afternoons.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Citisport tennis courses?A. You can get the skills in an open-air court.B. You must take your own racket during the course.C. You can take the Monday course if you are a green hand.D. You can become an experienced player after the courses.3. Which course lasts only one day according to the text?A. Golf.B. Tennis.C. Football for girls.D. Gymnastics.BOnce a rich and clever boy had practically everything a boy could want, so he was not interested in most toys. But he couldn't get a very old mirror, and heconvinced his parents to buy it from mysterious（神秘的）old man. When the mirror arrived home, the boy went to see his reflection in it. His face looked very sad indeed. He tried smiling and making funny faces, but his reflection continued with its sad expression. "What a terrible mirror! It's the first time I've seen a mirror that didn't work properly!" the boy jumped violently.That same afternoon he went into the street to play and bought a few toys, but on his way to the park he saw a little girl who was crying her heart out. The girl was crying so much and looked so lonely that the rich boy went over to help her and to see what had happened. The little girl told him that she had lost her parents.Together the two set off in search of the parents. As the little girl wouldn't stop crying, the boy spent his money buying her sweets to cheer her up. Finally, after much walking, they found her parents who were much worried and were looking for her everywhere.The rich boy said goodbye to them. As it was getting late, he decided to head for home, without being able to play. At home, he went to his room, and noticed a shining light in the corner, the same corner he had left the mirror in. Seeing this, he went over to the mirror, and realised that the light was coming from his own body, so radiant（闪亮的）with happiness he had become.And so he understood the mystery of that mirror, the only mirror which could faithfully reflect the true joy of its owner. He realised it was true. He felt very happy at having helped that little girl. And since then, each morning when he looked in that mirror and failed to see a special shine, he knew what he had to do to bring it back.4. How did the boy feel when he first looked into the mirror?A. Embarrassed.B. Angry.C. Worried.D. Delighted.5. Why was the little girl crying so hard?A. She couldn't find her parents.B. She couldn't get the mysterious mirror.C. Her parents couldn't buy toys for her.D. The boy refused to give his toys to her.6. What could the boy see in the mirror after he went back from the park?A. A shining toy.B. A broken mirror.C. His happy face.D. The lovely girl.7. What is the purpose of this text?A. To tell us a horrible story.B. To introduce to us a strange mirror.C. To warn us not to be selfish.D. To encourage us to help others.COne day about eight years ago in the departure lounge (休息室) of a flight from New York's LaGuardia airport to O'Hare in Chicago, I found a young boy in tears and his mother at his side also appeared upset, I walked to them and invited them to our VIP lounge.As it turned out, the boy, Miles and his mom were returning to their home in Kansas City. Miles has had some health problems. Though he had received more than thirty operations in a Jewish Hospital in New York, he would be back for more.Miles enjoyed spending his time in our VIP lounge looking at the entire wall filled with the pictures of many celebrities (名人) who often came to our office. We soon added Miles' picture to the wall among those celebrities.Among the celebrities, Miles like the country singer Garth Brooks best. Miles would just sit and stare at Garth's picture,Oneday, Mr. Brooks was waiting in the lounge for his flight. As he looked at the collection of photographs, Garth asked about the youngster with the big smile. We told him about Miles. We also told him how much Miles loved and respected (尊重) him. He nodded and left.About six months later, Garth was going to be performing in Kansas City and he asked our workers to help him get in touch with the family. He wanted Miles to be his guest. That evening, not only did Miles sit in the front row, but he and Garth also had a private meeting after the performance.Although Miles would receive many more treatments after that special evening, his smile greeted us with every following visit. The face of a sick boy was changed by the joy of a stranger.8. What does the author probably do?A. A worker at an airport.B. A killed photographer.C. A country music singer.D. A doctor in a Jewish hospital.9. What did Miles enjoy doing in the VIP lounge?A. Interviewing celebrities he saw there.B. Seeing pictures of celebrities on the wall.C. Drawing pictures of the celebrities there.D. Singing together with his favorite singer.10. Which words can best describe Garth Brooks?A. Determined and generous.B. Proud and selfish.C. Kind and helpful.D. Powerful and rich.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Importance of Good ServiceB. Kindness from StrangersC. A Serious Health ProblemD. A Helpless MotherDThe idea of growing food in a desert would make most people laugh but this is quickly becoming a reality. There are currently two desert farms in the world where quality vegetables are being planted cheaply and easily.Sundrop Farms, based in South Australia, uses experimental greenhouses to grow tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. The biggest challenge of growing food in a desert, obviously, is the lack of available water. The researchers at Sundrop Farms have gotten aroundthis problemby using the sun to desalinate (淡化) sea water. It can also be used to control the temperature of the greenhouses.Without depending on limited resources such as land and fresh water Sundrop Farms has made farming a practice. This can increase the world’s food supplies. Another benefit ofthis kind of farming is that it can be done anywhere, thus reducing the costs of transporting food to distant locations. Yet another benefit is that it reduces the need for pesticides (杀虫剂).Another experimental desert farm is the Sahara Forest Project, which began in Qatar in December 2012. Greenhouses in the farm are cooled by saltwater. Solar power and other technologies are used together to help make vegetation (植被) grow in the desert environment. As deserts have expanded over recent years around the world due to global warming, this project could solve the problem.The result form the Qatar project were better than expected and in June of 2014, Jordan agreed to host another one. This will be much bigger than the Qatar project and the project members will have even moreopportunities to test their experiments on a much larger scale. It is not clear yet that desert farming resents the future of farming but these projects have shown some success in the field.12. What does “this problem” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Sea water is bard to purify.B. The desert is short of water.C. The temperature is high in the desert.D. Desert farms aren’t fit to plant vegetables.13. What is one of the characters of desert farming?A. It needs more pesticides.B. It saves delivery costs.C. It has a location limit.D. It solves food waste problems14. What can we know about the Sabara Forest Project?A. It lives up to expectationsB. It can help produce more foodC. It is started to prevent global warmingD. It uses technology to produce saltwater15. What can be inferred about desert farming from the last paragraph?A. It still has problems to solve.B. It represents the future of farming.C. Its early success has aroused interest in it.D. Its aim is to create more job opportunities.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中化学试卷(含答案解析)
湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中化学试卷一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共45.0分）1.下列变化中，属于化学变化的是()A. 矿石粉碎B. 蜡烛燃烧C. 酒精挥发D. 车胎爆炸2.下列有关实验操作的说法中，错误的是()A. 蒸馏操作时，冷凝管的冷凝水应从下口进上口出B. 分液操作时，从下口放出下层液体，紧接着放出上层液体C. 在制备蒸馏水时，要先加入碎瓷片，以防止液体暴沸D. 依据液态物质的混合物中各组分性质的差异，可选择使用萃取、分液和蒸馏等分离方法3.利用太阳能分解水制氢，若光解0.02mol水，下列说法正确的是()A. 可生成H2的质量为0.02gB. 可生成氢的原子数为2.408×1023个C. 可生成H2的体积为0.448L(标准状况)D. 生成H2的量理论上等于0.24gMg与足量稀盐酸反应产生H2的量4.同温、同压下，等体积的NH3和CH4两种气体，下列有关说法错误的是()A. 所含分子数目相同B. 所含氢原子物质的量之比为3：4C. 质量之比为17：16D. 密度之比为16：175.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述正确的是()A. 32gO3和O2的混合物中所含分子数为N AB. 1mol⋅L−1的盐酸溶液中，所含氯化氢分子数为N AC. 标准状况下，11.2L蒸馏水中所含分子数为0.5N AD. H2还原CuO反应中，每生成3.2gCu，反应中转移的电子数目为0.1N A6.下列各组物质，按酸、混合物、碱顺序排列的是()A. 空气、碳酸钙、硫酸B. 盐酸、空气、纯碱C. 氧化铁、胆矾、熟石灰D. 硝酸、食盐水、烧碱7.某同学向含有c(FeCl3)=0.2mol⋅L−1、c(FeCl2)=0.1mol⋅L−1的混合溶液中滴加稀的NaOH溶液，意外地得到了一种黑色分散系，经查阅资料后得到，该分散系中的分散质是直径约为9.3nm 的金属氧化物，下列有关说法中错误的是()A. 该分散系可产生丁达尔现象B. 该分散系的分散质可能为Fe3O4C. 可用渗析的方法除去该分散系中的杂质离子D. 若在电场作用下，阴极附近黑色变深，则说明该分散系带正电8.下列电离方程式正确的是()A. NaHCO3=Na++H++CO32−B. Fe(NO3)3=Fe3++(NO3)33−C. 2H2O− 通电 2H2↑+O2↑ D. H2SO4=2H++SO42−9.下列反应可用离子方程式“H++OH−=H2O”表示的是()A. H2SO4溶液与Ba(OH)2溶液混合B. NH4Cl溶液与Ca(OH)2溶液混合C. NaHSO4溶液与KOH溶液混合D. H2SO4溶液与Fe(OH)3胶体混合10.下列反应的离子方程式错误的是()A. 铁与稀盐酸反应：2Fe+6H+=2Fe3++3H2↑B. 澄清石灰水与盐酸反应：OH−+H+=H2OC. 锌与氯化铜溶液反应：Zn+Cu2+=Zn2++CuD. 硝酸钡溶液与稀硫酸反应：Ba2++SO42−=BaSO4↓11.在无色透明的强酸性溶液中，能大量共存的离子组是()A. K+、Na+、NO3−、HCO3−B. Ba2+、Na+、Cl−、SO42−C. Na+、Mg2+、NO3−、SO42−D. Fe3+、K+、Cl−、OH−12.下列反应既是氧化还原反应又是离子反应的是()A. 用CO还原氧化铁B. 湿法炼铜C. 用稀硫酸除铁锈D. 煅烧石灰石制取生石灰13.下列变化需要加入还原剂才能实现的是()A. FeO→Fe2O3B. HCl→Cl2C. NO3−→NOD. CO2→CO32−14.在酸性条件下，可发生反应：M2O7n−+6Cl−+14H+=3Cl2↑+2M3++7H2O，则M2O7n−中M的化合价是()A. +4B. +5C. +6D. +715.在氧化还原反应中，氧化过程和还原过程是同时发生的两个半反应。
湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019-2020学年高一上学期期中考试 数学 (含答案)
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2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文期中考试试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文期中考试试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：2020年七大领域“新基建”年内投资规模“新基建”领域投资内容预计新增规模(亿)5G基站建设三大运营商建设覆盖50个重点城市地区超55万座基站及资本开支，不包括各类5G应用的带动3000特高压今年在建和待核准高压工程共16条线路，具有明确投资规模的共7条l500高铁、城市轨道交通拟通车线路共l4条，其中专线250和专线350各7条，通车有望为3696公里，对应投资规模为6207亿元6200新能源汽车充电桩预计新增公共充电桩l5万能，私人桩约为30万台，公共充电场站8000座300大数据中心IDC业务发展(包括托管业务、CDN、公共云laaS/PaaS等业务)1200人工智能底层AI芯片等硬件发展，通用AI平台搭建工业互联网工业五联网基础设施和平台建设（摘编自《新基建5年，全面梳理细分领域新风向》）材料二：新基建的“新”，是基础设施建设中的一个相对概念。
以往的基础设施建设主要指铁路、公路、机场等建设项目，它们在我国经济发展过程中发挥了重要作用。
而新基建旨在以信息科技为支撑推动经济社会的教字化转型。
在线教育远程会议、云买菜、到家服务、在线问诊……一系列数字工具得到了广泛应用。
从2020年春节到现在，以“宅经济”为代表的数字生活方式成了中国人的“标配”，人们只需点点手机，足不出户就可以解决生活中的大部分问题。
正是有了5G、大数据、云计算、人工智能等数字技术为核心的新型基础设施的支撑，诸多数字化工具的服务能力才得以实现。
新基建作为新兴产业，一端连接着巨大的投资与需求，另一端连接着不断升级的消费市场，必将成为未来中国经济社会繁荣发展的重要支撑。
未来十年，智能经济将成为中国经济的新标签，而新基建则是让智能经济火箭加速升空的“燃料舱”。
新基建发展水平的高低决定了中国在新一波技术红利的全球格局中能否占据更有利的位置。
2020年长沙市明德中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
2020年长沙市明德中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AJuanito Estrella has been a housekeeping manager on the US-based large passenger ship Carnival Spirit for 18 months and feels he has found the suitable position in his career(职业). He has always wanted to travel. “I guess I am a really restless spirit.I like traveling, so when the chance came, I jumped at it,” he says.The chance came in the form of a newspaper advertisement for work on cruise ships（游船）. At the time Estrella was the housekeeping manager at a Melbourne hotel. He applied and, after two interviews, a medical check and police clearance, the job was his.Estrella is responsible(负责的)for the cleanliness of the ship, making sure that 160 crew work properly. “I enjoy it because there is no other work-you wake up each day in a different place anda different culture. It’s exciting when you go to the next country and you don’t understand the language,” he says.Estrella likes being busy and getting to know people from all over the world. The 1,000 crew come from 94 countries, and Estrella has learnt Spanish and a little Croatian.But there is adownside. “You cannot get really drunk...because you have safety responsibilities to yourself and others,” he says. “You don’t really think about home.You start to think about home only when you get closer to your vacation and wonder what you’ll be doing.”Life on the ship is anything but cruising. Estrella and his fellows work at least 10 hours a day, seven days a week. He warns the job is not for everybody. “You have to love being busy and be prepared to work every day-and to give up drinking too much alcohol.” In his spare time, if the ship sails into a port, Estrella explores it, otherwise he works out in the crew’s gym, goes on the internet or calls home.1.Which of the following is true?A.He has been a housekeeping manager for 18 months.B.He doesn’t drink wine now.C.He cannot speak a foreign language.D.He used to be a housekeeping manager.2.The underlined word“downside”in paragraph 5 probably means ________ .A.disappointmentB.disadvantageC.failureD.loss3.In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that life on the ship is ________.A.not a tiring journey at allB.just an interesting voyageC.far from a voyage for pleasureD.more than a pleasant travel by seaBClara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant asked an urgent(紧急的) question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Body Language?” She knew she needed to help.Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t understand what he needed, according to PEOPLE magazine.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help with her dyslexia (阅读障碍) and knew she’d be able to spell on the man’s palm(手掌) by finger. So she unbuckled her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the aisle seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she wrote, “How are you? Are you OK?” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said. So for the next hour, that was what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future (she wants to be a politician). Cook told Clara how he had gradually become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her, she “looked attentively at his face with such kindness”, a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing,” a flight attendant told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such a warm-hearted girl.” Cook’s reaction: “Best trip I’ve ever had.”Looking for ways to offer help? Start with this random(随时的) act of kindness that can change someone’s life right now.4. The flight attendant asked an urgent question because ________.A. the passenger was traveling aloneB. the plane was in a dangerous situationC. the passenger asked for something suddenlyD. none of the flight attendants could communicate with the passenger5. Why did Clara talk about her plans for the future?A. Because the flight attendant asked her to do so.B. Because she needed topics to go on talking with Cook.C. Because Cook hoped to understand teenagers better.D. Because she wanted to show her dream for the future.6. Which of the following words can best describe Clara?A. Kind and caring.B. Warm-hearted and brave.C. careful and calm.D. opened-minded and confident.7. The passage is mainly written to ________.A. tell a touching story of an amazing girlB. show the great importance of American Body LanguageC. encourage readers to give a hand kindly and randomlyD. show how kind the flight attendant was to help CookCAbout a billion birds die from flying into buildings each year inNorth America. Suspicions havebeen that birds may regard the open areas behind glass as safe passageways. Or they may mistake the reflected trees for the real thing.Researchers would like to reduce collisions, which requires a solid understanding about what makes a bird more or less likely to die by crashing into a building in the first place.“There was ly little known at a broad scale. Previous studies were at one small study site.'' Jared Elmore, a graduate student in natural resource ecology and management atOklahomaStateUniversity. So he and his colleagues used a previously created data set of building collisions for birds at 40 sites throughoutMexico,Canadaand theU.S.The first finding was obvious: bigger buildings with more glass kill more birds. But the details were more remarkable. "We found that life history predicted collisions. Migrants(候鸟), insect-eaters and woodland-inhabiting species collided more than their counterparts(同类).”Most migratory species travel at night, when lights near buildings can distract or disorient(使迷失方向)them. And Elmore thinks that insect-eating birds might be attracted to buildings because their insect prey(猎物)isattracted to the lights. He suspects that woodland species get tooled by the reflections of trees and bushes in the windows. The results are in the journal Conservation Biology.By understanding which birds are more likely to collide with buildings, researchers can perhaps determine the best way to adapt buildings, or their lighting, to help prevent such accidents. And by knowing risks, along with migration timing and behavior, building managers can better predict when birds are at their greatest danger - and improve lighting strategics accordingly.Elmore's next project will use radar to help predict bird migrations. " I think that would maybe go a long way in terms of providing information to people, to the public, to building managers, on when they can get the most benefit in terms of lights-out policies."8. What is the possible reason for birds' crashing into buildings?A. They didn't see the buildings.B. They took reflections for reality.C. They assumed the windows to be open.D. They considered buildings as safe routes.9. What is Jared Elmore's study different from the previous ones?A. It created a new data set.B. It went beyond national borders.C. It covered a wider range of sites.D. I’ll studied some specific bird species.10. What was the most noticeable finding of Jared Elmore's study?A. Migratory species travel at night.B. Birds tend to be misled by glasses.C. Bigger buildings cause more collisions.D. Birds living habits give rise to collisions.11. Which of the following can help reduce bird collision?A. Adjust the lightening system.B. Attach radars to each building.C. Adopt strict lights-out policies.D. Ban using glasses on buildings.DParents and math teachers regularly asked by their school-aged charges whether math matters inreal life now have an answer.In a study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research this week, Harvard Kennedy School Policy Professor Joshua Goodman took a look at what happened to students whose high schools were required in the 1980s to increase the minimum level of coursework required to graduate. What he found is that the students were more likely to increase the number of math courses they took as a result of the change in standards and that translated into higher earnings down the line.Put simply: About 15 years after they graduated, the high school graduates who went to school when these changes took effect saw their average earnings increase about 10% for every extra year of math coursework. The findings may add fuel to the steady drum of education experts, policy makers and others calling for an increased focus on science and math education.The increase in required math courses didn’t necessarily produce rocket scientists, Goodman notes, because the extra coursework wasn’t at a particularly high level. But becoming familiar with and practicing ly basic math skills allowed high school graduates to pursue and excel at jobs that required some level of computational knowledge, he said.Goodman acknowledged that the earnings boost for the students connected with the up tick （上升）in math education may be dependent on the state of the economy. When Goodman checked in the late 1990s and early 2000s on the earnings of the students who graduated in the late 1985，he found that their earnings increased significantly if they took more math.12. What does Joshua Goodman’s study find?A. High school graduates earn more.B. High school students prefer math.C. Math matters a lot in one’s income.D. Math is a compulsory course in school.13. Why is increase in required math courses useful?A. It produced rocket scientists.B. It makes high school students smarter.C. It meets the requirements of the government.D. It enables high school graduates to get better jobs.14. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To give a warning to policy makers.B. To seek help for high school students’ problems.C. To show the great importance of learning math.D. To tell a struggling history of high school students.15. What could be the best title for the text?A. Efforts matter mostB. Math makes moneyC. Earnings of different graduatesD. Changes of high school courses第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高一(上)期中数学试卷
一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．
1.已知全集 ＝ ．集合 ＝ ， ＝ ，则图中阴影部分所表示的集合为（）
A. B. C. D.
2.设函数 ，则 ＝（）
A. B. C. D.
故值域为 ．
A. B. C. D.
8.下列函数中，其定义域和值域分别与 ＝ 的定义域和值域相同的是（）
A. ＝ B. C. ＝ D. ＝
9.若函数 有最大值 ，则实数 的值为（）
A. B. C. D.
10.已知 是 上的偶函数，且在区间 上单调递减，则满足 的 的取值范围是（）
A. B. C. D.
11.设函数 ，则满足 的 的取值范围是（）
22.已知函数 是定义在 上的奇函数．
（1）求函数 的零点；
（2）当 时，求函数 ＝ 的值域．
参考答案与试题解析
2019-2020学年湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高一（上）期中数学试卷
一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．
1.
【答案】
A
2.
【答案】
17.
【答案】
由 ，得 ，∴ ＝ ，
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若 ＝ ，则 ，即 ，满足 ；
若 ，即 时，要使 ，则 ，解得 ，
综上可得 或 ．
18.
【答案】
原式 ．
原式 ．
19.
【答案】
设幂函数 ＝ ，图象过点 和 可得 ＝ ，∴ ， ，∴ ．
函数 ， ，
∴当 时， ， ，
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASome young people win attention because of their good looks or their singing ability. A much smaller number gain fame because they have done something important and worthwhile with their abilities. Rishab Jain is among the latter. In 2018, 13-year-oldRishab developed a way to use AI technology to help pancreatic(胰腺的) cancer patients and won the3MYoung Scientist Challenge, a nationwide middle-school science competition, and its $25,000 prize.In the last stage of the contest, Rishab competed againstnine other finalists at the 3M Innovation Center(创新中心) in St.Paul,Minnesota. Leading up to the big meet, each finalist had partnered with a scientist to further develop their inventions.Rishab explains what led him to create his invention. First,a family friend died of cancer. Then Rishab learned about how deadly pancreatic cancer is, and that its low survival rate is due to how difficult it is to treat. "I'm also into programming, so I was learning about AI technology. I decided to try to solve a real-world problem using it."His winnings have been put in further research and in his nonprofit Samyak Science Society, which helps poor children enter the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. Rishab is also raising awareness about pancreatic cancer. These efforts make him quite different from teenagers of his age. Considering becoming a biomedical engineer or a doctor一or both, he has also put some money aside to further his own learning. Almost certainly the doors of higher education will open wide to him before he even knocks.That's an outstanding outlook for one so young. Rashib is committed to helping very sick people in need. He is also providing teenagers of his age with a much-needed model of what kinds of things youth can achieve.1. What can we learn about the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2018?A. It was intended to solve medical problems.B. It was a nationwide AI competition for teenagers.C. It offered the finalists an opportunity to work with scientists.D. It allowed the finalists to learn AI technology in the 3M center.2. How did Rishab win the 3M Young Scientist Challenge?A.He showed excellent programming ability.B. He figured out the survival rate of pancreatic cancer.C. He introduced poor children to STEM education.D. He applied AI technology to treating pancreatic cancer.3. Which of the following best describes Rishab?A. Talented and caring.B. Independent and humorous.C. Responsible and patient.D. Polite and inspiring.BThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processinginformation, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.4. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes5. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding6. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence7. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directionsCDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat teamGoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.8. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward9. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness10. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings11. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat raceDAsk a classroom of children to draw a scientist, and you’ll see plenty of color1 ed lab coats and glasses. The image (画像) hasn't changed much since the 1960s, but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids? drawings in recent decades — going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.The first of many “ draw-a-scientist ’’ studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977. Of those 5,000 drawings, only 28 drew female scientists. That was just 0.56 percent. Today, female scientists are being presented more in the media. For example, in a content analysis, 13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls, compared with 44 percent in the 2000s. “That might really affect children’s idea on what a scientist should be like, ” says Miller, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology.To look for changes in children'sperceptionover time, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis ,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average, 28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.What hasn’t changed much: kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念）by gender (性别）as they grow up. At age 6, about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studiesdrew female scientists. By age 16, 75 percent drew male scientists. This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes. It’s important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.12. What’s the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s, kid like?A. A man with long curly hair.B. A woman with lab glasses.C. A woman in a formal lab suit.D. A man in a color1 ed lab coat.13. What may contribute to the changes in kids’ drawings?A. The improvement of women^ social status.B. The kids are affected by teachers and parents.C. More female scientists appear in the media.D. The increasing number of female scientists.14. What does the underlined word “ perception” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Belief.B. Idea.C. Habit.D. Growth.15. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A. it's a stereotype that scientists are generally malesB. girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boysC. some children are born with certain stereotypesD. most children tend to prefer female scientists第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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湖南省长沙明德中学(三湘名校教育联盟)2019~2020学年度高一年级模块检测试题高一化学注意事项:1.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
2.Ⅱ卷在答题纸上作答。
答题前,考生在答题纸上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共48分)一、选择题(本题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
)1.(★)下列变化中,属于化学变化的是( )A.矿石粉碎B.蜡烛燃烧C.酒精挥发D.车胎爆炸考向物质反应的分类思路分析有新物质生成的变化属于化学变化,没有新物质生成的变化属于物理变化。
解析A、矿石粉碎没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故A不符合题意;B、蜡烛和氧气反应生成二氧化碳和水,有新物质生成,属于化学变化,故B符合题意;C、酒精挥发是由于乙醇分子的扩散,没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故C不符合题意;D、车胎爆炸是由于车胎内压强太大,没有新物质生成,属于物理变化,故D不符合题意。
答案 B点评根据有没有新物质生成进行判断,题型简单,容易得分。
2.(★)下列有关实验操作的说法中,错误的是( )A.蒸馏操作时,冷凝管的冷凝水应从上口进下口出B.分液操作时,从下口放出下层液体,然后从上口倒出上层液体C.在制备蒸馏水时,要先加入碎瓷片,以防止液体暴沸D.依据液态物质的混合物中各组分性质的差异,可选择使用萃取、分液和蒸馏等分离方法考向分离提纯操作的注意事项解析A、蒸馏时冷凝水应从下口进上口出,故A错误;B、分液时应先从下口放出下层液体,然后再从上口倒出上层液体,故B正确;C、液体加热时应先放入碎瓷片或沸石,以防止液体暴沸,,故C正确;D、溶解性不同的液体混合物可以采用萃取的方法分离,互不相溶的液体混合物可以采用分液的方法分离,沸点差异较大的液体混合物可以通过蒸馏的方法来分离,故D正确。
答案 A3.(★)利用太阳能分解水制氢,若光解0.02mol水,下列说法正确的是( )A.可生成H2的质量为0.02gB.可生成氢原子数为2.408×1018个C.可生成H2的体积为0.448L(标准状况)D.生成的H2理论上等于0.24gMg与足量稀盐酸反应产生H2的量考向以物质的量为中心的计算思路分析根据方程式分析2H2O2H2↑+O2↑。
解析2H2O2H2↑+ O2↑0.02mol 0.02mol 0.01molA、生成氢气的质量为0.02mol×2g/mol=0.04g,故A错误;B、生成氢原子数为0.02mol×2×6.02×1023=2.408×1022,故B错误;C、生成氢气的体积为0.02mol×22.4L/mol=0.448L,故C正确;D、光解0.02mol水生成氢气是0.02mol,0.24gMg的物质的量为0.01mol,其与盐酸反应生成氢气的物质的量为0.01mol,两个反应生成的氢气不相等,故D错误。
答案 C4.(★★)同温、同压下,等体积的NH3和CH4两种气体,下列有关说法错误的是( )A.所含分子数目相同B.所含氢原子物质的量之比为3∶4C.质量之比为17∶16D.密度之比为16∶17考向阿伏加德罗定律及其推论思路分析根据阿伏加德罗定律及其推论分析。
解析A、同温同压下,相同体积的NH3和CH4所含的分子数相等,故A正确;B、同温同压下,相同体积的NH3和CH4物质的量相等,所含的氢原子的物质的量之比为3∶4,故B正确;C、同温同压下,相同体积的NH3和CH4物质的量相等,质量之比等于摩尔质量之比,即质量之比等于17∶16,故C正确;D、同温同压下,相同体积的NH3和CH4密度之比等于摩尔质量之比,即密度之比等于17∶16,故D错误。
答案 D思维升华阿伏加德罗定律及其推论解题模板第一步:找“相同”明“不同”(1)找出题干中有哪些相同的条件,再根据物质的量,结合物质的微粒结构,求出相应的粒子数;(2)分析选项中的要求,明确需要求解哪些量。
第二步:用“规律”利用阿伏加德罗定律及其推论得出不同条件之间的关系,进行对比判断,从而顺利解题。
注:可利用理想气体状态方程推导判断:pV=nRT,其中R为常数。
5.(★★)设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列叙述正确的是( )A.32gO3和O2的混合物中所含分子数为N AB.1mol·L-1的盐酸溶液中,所含氯化氢分子数为N AC.标准状况下,11.2L蒸馏水中所含分子数为0.5N AD.H2还原CuO反应中,每生成3.2gCu,反应中转移的电子数目为0.1N A考向阿伏加德罗常数的计算思路分析A、用极端假设法分析;B、根据浓度公式分析;C、根据气体摩尔体积公式进行计算 D、物质的量在方程式中的计算。
解析A、32gO3所含的分子数为32g48g/mol×N A≈0.667N A,32gO2所含的分子数为32g32g/mol×N A=N A,故32gO3和O2的混合物所含的分子数介于0.667N A~N A之间,故A错误;B、溶液的体积未知,无法求算氯化氢的物质的量,故也无法求算氯化氢的分子数,故B错误;C、标准状况下,蒸馏水为非气态物质,不能应用22.4L/mol进行计算蒸馏水的物质的量,故也无法求算其分子的数目,故C错误;D、由方程式可知生成1molCu转移2mole-,生成的3.2gCu物质的量为0.05mol,则转移电子的数目为0.1N A,故D正确。
答案 D点评极端假设法适用于混合物的阿伏加德罗常数的计算。
6.(★★)判断下列概念的依据正确的是 ( )A.纯净物与混合物:是否仅含有一种元素B.溶液与胶体的本质区别:分散质粒子直径的大小C.氧化还原反应的本质:反应中有无电子得失D.电解质与非电解质:在溶液中或熔融状态下能否导电考向物质类别的划分标准氧化还原反应的划分标准电解质与非电解质的划分标准解析A、判断纯净物和混合物的依据是:是否由同一种物质组成,故A错误;B、溶液和胶体的本质区别是分散质粒子直径的大小,故B正确;C、氧化还原反应的本质是发生电子转移,电子转移包括电子的得失和偏移,电子得失只是电子转移的一个方面,故C错误;D、判断电解质和非电解质的依据是化合物在水溶液或熔融状态下能否导电,故D错误。
答案 B7.(★)下列各组物质,按酸、混合物、碱顺序排列的是( )A.空气、碳酸钙、硫酸B.盐酸、空气、纯碱C.氧化铁、胆矾、熟石灰D.硝酸、食盐水、烧碱考向物质的分类解析A、空气是混合物,不是酸;碳酸钙是纯净物,不是混合物;硫酸是酸,不是碱,故A错误;B、纯碱是盐,不是碱,故B错误;C、氧化铁是氧化物,不是酸;胆矾是纯净物,不是混合物;故C错误;D、硝酸是酸,食盐水是NaCl和水的混合物,烧碱是NaOH,是碱,故D正确。
答案 D8.(★★)某同学向含有c(FeCl3)=0.2mol·L-1,c(FeCl2)=0.1mol·L-1的混合溶液中滴加稀的NaOH 溶液,意外地得到了一种黑色分散系,经查阅资料后得到,该分散系中的分散质的粒子直径约为9.3nm的金属氧化物,下列有关说法中错误的是( )A.该分散系可产生丁达尔现象B.该分散系的分散质可能为Fe3O 4C.可用渗析的方法除去该分散系中的杂质离子D.若在电场作用下,阴极附近黑色变深,则说明该分散系带正电考向胶体与其他分散系的本质区别、胶体的性质及分离提纯的方法解析A、该分散系中的分散质粒子直径约为9.3nm,介于1-100nm之间,该分散系属于胶体,故可产生丁达尔现象,故A正确;B、该分散系由Fe2+和Fe3+混合而成,且颜色是黑色的,其分散质是金属氧化物,故可推知该分散质是Fe3O4,故B正确;C、该分散系是胶体,可用渗析的方法分离胶体粒子和分散剂,故C正确;D、若在电场作用下,阴极附近黑色变深,说明该分散质带正电荷,分散系是不带电荷的,故D错误。
答案 D归纳总结性质表述应用丁达尔效应光束通过胶体时,从垂直入射光线的方向可以观察到胶体里有一条光亮的“通路”鉴别溶液和胶体(液溶胶)布朗运动胶体粒子在胶体中不停地作无规则运动在涂料生产等领域有重要作用电泳胶体粒子带有电荷时,在外加电场的作用下,胶体粒子在分利用血清蛋白电泳可诊断疾病;冶金工业可用电泳除尘散剂里作定向移动的现象聚沉在一定条件下,使胶体粒子凝结而产生沉淀的现象江河入海口处沙洲的形成、盐卤点豆腐等渗析胶体粒子不能透过半透膜,而溶液中的溶质分子或离子可以透过半透膜的现象分离氨基酸和蛋白质;除去胶体中的电解质等9.(★)下列电离方程式正确的是( )A.NaHCO3Na++H++C O32-B.Fe(NO3)3Fe3++(NO3)33-C.2H2O2H2↑+O2↑D.H2SO42H++S O42-考向电离方程式解析A、碳酸氢根离子是弱酸的酸式酸根离子,不能拆,故A错误;B、N O3-的下角标应变为系数,故B错误;C、此方程式是一个化学方程式,不是电离方程式,故C错误;D、H2SO4是强酸,用“”,H+的角标变成系数,故D正确。
答案 D10.(★★)下列反应可用离子方程式“H++OH-H2O”表示的是( )A.H2SO4溶液与Ba(OH)2溶液混合B.NH4Cl溶液与Ca(OH)2溶液混合C.NaHSO4溶液与KOH溶液混合D.H2SO4溶液与Fe(OH)3胶体混合考向离子方程式的书写解析A、H2SO4中的H+与Ba(OH)2中的OH-反应,H2SO4中的S O42-与Ba(OH)2中的Ba2+反应,所以离子方程式为2H++S O42-+Ba2++2OH-BaSO4↓+2H2O,故A不符合题意;B、NH4Cl中的N H4+与Ca(OH)2中的OH-反应,生成NH3·H2O,离子方程式为N H4++OH-NH3·H2O,故B不符合题意;C、NaHSO4电离出的H+和KOH电离出的OH-反应生成H2O,离子方程式可用H++OH-H2O表示,故C符合题意;D、Fe(OH)3胶体不能拆,离子方程式为3H++Fe(OH)3Fe3++3H2O,故D不符合题意。
答案 C11.(★)下列反应的离子方程式错误的是( )A.铁与稀盐酸反应:2Fe+6H+2Fe3++3H2↑B.澄清石灰水与盐酸反应:OH-+H+H2OC.锌与氯化铜溶液反应:Zn+Cu2+Zn2++CuD.硝酸钡溶液与稀硫酸反应:Ba2++S O42-BaSO4↓考向离子方程式正误判断解析A、铁与盐酸反应生成Fe2+,而不是Fe3+,违背客观事实,故A错误;B、澄清的微溶物作反应物时应拆开,离子方程式书写正确,故B正确;C、氯化铜和氯化锌都是可溶性盐,应拆开,离子方程式书写正确,故C正确;D、硝酸钡中的Ba2+和稀硫酸中的S O42-反应生成BaSO4,离子方程式书写正确,故D正确。