2018考研英语阅读理解的复习内容

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2018考研英语一阅读text4

题目：2018考研英语一阅读text4内容：1. 文章标题为《烹饪变革》，主要讨论了美食产业中厨师角色的变化以及对厨师素质的要求。

2. 文章提到了传统厨师的形象和责任，并且对现代厨师的素质进行了对比。

3. 作者分析了现代美食产业的发展趋势，并就新型厨师应具备的技能和品质提出了自己的见解。

开篇：2018考研英语一阅读text4《烹饪变革》述及了美食产业中厨师角色的变化和现代厨师素质的要求。

在这个快节奏发展的时代，厨师角色的变迁是不可避免的，而对于新型厨师的要求也随之发生了改变。

接下来将对此文进行全面解读。

1. 传统厨师的形象和责任传统的厨师形象往往是在厨房里忙碌的身影，他们擅长烹饪各类传统菜肴，对于食材的选用和处理也有着丰富的经验。

在过去，厨师更多地是扮演着传统烹饪技艺的传承者和实践者，他们所做的菜品更多地是为了满足人们的口腹之欲，而非在意菜品的营养和健康。

2. 现代厨师的素质要求而随着时代的变迁，美食产业也在不断地推陈出新，对于厨师的要求也随之发生了转变。

在这篇文章中，作者提到现代厨师不仅需要具备传统的烹饪技艺，还需要了解营养学、食品安全等知识，进而为顾客提供更加健康、美味的菜肴。

现代厨师还应具备创新精神和团队合作能力，能够根据市场需求不断推陈出新，创造出更具特色的菜品。

3. 现代美食产业的发展趋势随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的不断变化，现代餐饮业也在不断地向着多元化和健康化的方向发展。

而这一切都离不开现代厨师的努力和付出。

现代厨师需要不断提升自己的综合素质，才能适应这种发展趋势。

4. 新型厨师应具备的技能和品质在这篇文章中，作者还就新型厨师应具备的技能和品质提出了自己的见解。

他认为，新型厨师不仅需要懂得烹饪技艺，还需要了解食品安全、营养学等相关知识，以及具备创新意识和团队合作精神。

只有具备了这些素质，才能适应现代美食产业的发展需求。

结尾：2018考研英语一阅读text4《烹饪变革》一文对现代厨师的要求进行了全面的阐述，反映了美食产业中厨师角色的转变以及对新型厨师的要求。

2018考研英语二阅读理解text1

2018考研英语二阅读理解text1全文来自《2015年6月英语六级阅读理解真题》。

阅读理解：文本1To many, the word "Latin" is the exciting sound of a pulsating fiesta; but to some, those two syllables (音节) are far tamer, calling to mind a long-dead language spoken by toga-clad (穿长袍的) scholars. Latin is enjoying a resurgence (再度流行) of sorts, and not only in the words and phrases found in law, medicine, and the other disciplines that have over the centuries borrowed from the language of ancient Rome. "We are experiencing a real explosion of interest in Latin," says Richard A. LaFleur, classicist and author of Latin textbooks. "If you look at the number of students taking Latin, the number of teachers teaching it, or the amount of Latin materials on the market, it is simply amazing." There are more than two thousand high schools in the United States that offer courses in Latin, according to Wilton Barnhardt, who teaches Latin at the university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The demand is so great that he has had job offers from Ivy League universities.Latin was originally spoken in the region around Rome, known as Latium, and its alphabet co mes from the Etruscan alphabet. When the Roman Empire was at its peak, the language was spoken throughout the Mediterranean, including in North Africa, all of Europe north of the Alps (阿尔卑斯山) and in parts of Asia. And today, according to the "Ethnologue: Languages of the World," Latin is the official language of Vatican City, but it is a dead language.This resurgence, say Latin’s many new friends, is an ind ication that even today, when technology changes, molds, and remolds the world at light speed, people rem本人n strongly interested in discovering the roots of this ancient language so that Latin can be used as an avenue to study the culture and politics of the time. Others believe that the language can expand English proficiency skills, given that many English wordse from Latin. Without knowledge and understanding of Latin, some former supporters of the language argue, students may have a difficult time understanding English literature or writing clear, elegant, and to-the-point prose. They say that learning Latin requires discipline, which can be transferred to other subjects. It is evident, given the growing interest in Latin, that despite the talk of techno logy’s "glory days," the ancient language’spopularity is not just a current fad. For LaFleur, part of the language’s charm lies in the fact that it is finite — there are a finite number of words to learn, for one thing—and that it is difficult and requires from its students self-discipline, persistence and critical thinking. "Latin is not for wimps (胆小鬼)," he says. "It is really for bright, ambitious, self-motivated students, who are spurred on by its challenge."1. 文章主题总述：本文主要介绍了拉丁语复兴的现象，并分析了拉丁语恢复流行的原因和意义。

2018考研英语一真题及答案

2018考研英语一真题及答案2018考研英语一真题及答案考研英语一真题中，包含了阅读理解、完成句子、阅读判断、翻译等不同类型的题目。

以下是2018考研英语一真题及答案的详细解析。

一、阅读理解这部分题目主要是测试考生对于英语文章的理解和推理能力。

具体而言，阅读理解分为多篇文章，每篇文章后面有几个问题需要回答。

考生需仔细阅读文章，抓住重点，理解作者的意图和结构，并根据文章内容回答相应问题。

以下是2018考研英语一真题中的一篇阅读理解的示例及答案解析：Passage 1【题目】According to the passage, students in ancient Greece studied logic in order to _______.A. become better writersB. improve their debating skillsC. solve complex mathematical problemsD. enter prestigious universities【答案解析】根据文章第一段的第二句话，学生在古希腊学习逻辑是为了“tobuild … i ntellectual confidence, to polish rhetorical abilities, and to sharpen logical capacities"（建立 intellecutal confidence，锤炼修辞能力和增强逻辑思维）。

据此可以推断，学生学习逻辑是为了提高辩论技巧，因此正确答案应该是B。

二、完成句子这部分需要考生根据所给的句子中缺失的单词或短语，在选项中选择最恰当的答案进行填空。

这部分重点考查考生的词汇量和理解能力。

以下是2018考研英语一真题中的一道完成句子的示例及答案解析：【题目】Cultural diversity _____ a nation's creativity and potential for innovation.A. compromisesB. enhancesC. underminesD. investigates【答案解析】根据句子的意思，"cultural diversity"对一个国家的创造力和创新潜力有积极的影响，因此，最符合句子意思的选择是B选项，enhances。

[VIP专享]2018考研英语阅读理解怎么复习？

2018考研英语阅读理解怎么复习？一、答案都在文中总结英语阅读理解的考题题型不难发现，大部分考察的都是细节，即对文中某一段、某一句话、甚至某一个单词和短语的理解，或者是某某人的某种观点，文章的主旨等，即对整篇文章主旨大意的理解。

不管是哪种考察方式，都讲求“精准”，也就是说，所谓的理解，都是建立在忠实于原文的基础之上的，既不会很浅显，也不会过分延伸。

我用的真题（吕升运的《考研圣经》），在答案解析上做的很好，它会把选项做考点分析，然后回文定位，这也是一种解题思维的养成，大家都需要具备这个技能。

为什么要回文定位呢？正确的答案虽然不是照搬原文，但也一般是原文的另一种表达方式，不会有很大的偏差或延伸。

因此，做阅读理解过程中，一定不要“脑洞大开”，天马行空地想当然，任性地做出主观臆断，老老实实回到文章中去找答案才是正解。

这是最基本的一种解题思路。

二、带着问题读文章　由于考场上时间有限，而阅读又是一项需要深耕细作的精细活儿，要想正确快速地理解文章，有时需要一些技巧。

建议2017考研党，做阅读理解之前先把问题快速浏览一遍，带着问题读文章。

在阅读到考点所在的部位时，要快速敏感地做出应答。

这需要长期的大量的练习。

掌握了这个定位考点的能力，不仅答题速度能提升，准确率也会有保证。

三、巧用定位法解题有时我们需要借助一些方法来快速精准地在原文中找到考察点。

一般来说，一篇文章中，考点的分布是有规律可循的。

比如说，考点和题目对应的顺序一般是一致的，比如第一题的考点出现在了第二段，那么第二题的考点出现的第一段的可能性就不太大，往往是在第二段之后。

当然，主旨考察题例外。

它需要你读完文章有一个整体的把握。

又比如，如果题目中出现了一些比较显眼的名词或数字，寻找这些名词或数字，你也能很快在文中找到相对应的考点。

再比如，文章的开头结尾、转折处、例证处表达某种因果时，都是比较容易出考点的地方，阅读时可以特别留意一下。

上面这些经验都是总结自“零元课”的免费视频课，谢谢各位老师的点拨，把这些技巧分享给大家，也希望能切实帮到大家。

2018年考研英语一阅读理解

2018年考研英语一阅读理解摘要：2018 年考研英语一阅读理解I.考研英语一阅读理解的概述- 考研英语一的背景和重要性- 阅读理解在考研英语一中的地位和作用II.2018 年考研英语一阅读理解题型及难度分析- 题型及分值分布- 难度分析及趋势预测III.2018 年考研英语一阅读理解备考策略- 备考时间及方法规划- 真题练习与解析- 提高阅读速度和理解能力的技巧IV.2018 年考研英语一阅读理解解题技巧- 文章主旨题解题技巧- 细节题解题技巧- 推理判断题解题技巧- 词汇题解题技巧正文：2018 年考研英语一阅读理解2018 年考研英语一的阅读理解部分继续沿用了以往的传统题型，包括文章主旨题、细节题、推理判断题和词汇题。

阅读理解作为考研英语的重要组成部分，其难度和分值占比一直备受考生关注。

因此，对于备考2018 年考研英语一的同学来说，如何高效地备考阅读理解部分，提高解题速度和准确率，成为了众多考生关注的热点问题。

首先，针对2018 年考研英语一阅读理解的题型及难度分析，我们可以看到，文章主旨题在整套试题中占据较高的比重，这就要求考生在阅读过程中，要具备快速把握文章主题的能力。

此外，细节题和推理判断题的难度相对适中，要求考生具备一定的英语基础和阅读理解能力。

而词汇题则侧重于考查考生的词汇掌握和运用能力。

总的来说，2018 年考研英语一阅读理解的难度与往年持平，但题型更加多样化，侧重考查考生的综合阅读理解能力。

针对2018 年考研英语一阅读理解的备考策略，考生应合理安排备考时间，坚持每天进行阅读训练。

在阅读材料的选择上，可以参考历年真题和一些权威的英语阅读教材。

此外，考生还可以通过参加线上或线下的英语阅读课程，提高自己的阅读理解能力。

在方法上，建议考生采用先泛读后精读的方式，先快速浏览全文，了解文章主题和大意，再针对性地进行细节阅读。

在解题技巧方面，针对不同类型的题目，考生应掌握相应的解题方法。

2018考研英语(二)真题——阅读理解

感谢凯程教研室对本文重大贡献昨天刚刚考完，凯程的电话瞬间变成了热线，学员们兴奋地汇报他们的考试情况，提到了英语很多题目类型都是在集训营训练过的内容。

凯程近1-2天发布真题解析视频，凯程莫老师祝同学们专业课考试顺利！凯程老师现场拍摄Section IIReading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make itacademically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path toeconomic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased petition law appears to be the only way to address theseimbalances of power．But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deepscheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While theresearchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about_______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus time。

2018考研英语真题需要复习哪些内容.

2018考研英语真题需要复习哪些内容来源:智阅网考研英语中, 真题非常重要, 如何利用好真题, 发挥最大价值呢? 看看下面的文字,或许你就能找到答案了。

一、通过做真题去记忆单词词汇是基础,掌握一定的词汇量,起着重要的作用。

考研阅读出现的单词代表了大部分大纲要求词汇。

真题中遇到的生词, 一定要通过字典将其意思查明, 通过做真题去记忆单词。

市面上有部分真题参考书将阅读中出现的超纲词汇列出来, 对其意思加以说明。

对于真题中碰到的超纲词汇,大体有一个印象即可。

二、分析较难较复杂的句子结构分析文章中出现的长难句, 而且要重点分析了文章中出现的、较难理解的、具有特殊语法作用的句式结构,通过这些句子的分析,考生能够更加准确地理解文章中各个句子之间的关系, 以及这些句式结构与命题之间的关系。

考生在平时研究真题以及做模拟题过程中, 一定要对文中出现的较难较复杂的句子拿出来分析句子结构, 从而更彻底地理解文章意思。

三、扩充对各方面背景知识的储备通观最近十年真题, 考研文章选材大体设计四个方面, 社会生活、伦理类,科普类,商业经济类,文化历史教育类。

考生通过研究真题以及模拟题来扩充对各方面背景知识的储备, 从而对于某一个话题不至于陌生。

四、发现出题思路,找到规律对于不同的题目,有不同的出题思路,了解出题思路,问题才能得到有效解决,因此,了解出题思路对于做对题来说,成为关键。

正所谓发现思路,找到规律,才是掌握考研英语阅读技巧的有效途径。

五、不同的题型有不同的解题技巧对于不同的出题思路, 就会有不同的解题方法。

考研阅读题目有不同的题型,不同的题型有不同的解题技巧。

做阅读题,从作者的意图出发,从原文出发。

对一个题的四个选项,分别找到其在原文中的相关部分,辨别真伪,去伪取真。

了解了以上内容之后,咱们再做做文都的 2018《考研英语历年真题精析:命题剖析与复习指导》 ,通过书中对于历年真题的讲解, 帮助大家更好地掌握真题出题规律和答题技巧。

2018考研英语(一+二)真题Text4：文章框架明晰定主旨

2018考研英语(一+二)真题Text4：文章框架明晰定主旨英语一的第四篇阅读文章选自2017年2月 The Washington Post 上的一篇文章，原文标题为：Postal Service needs more than just a quick fix. 文章框架结构属于历年阅读常出的问题解决型：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。

第一段作者用一系列的数据具体说明了USPS美国邮政现在出现的问题：亏损，并负债累累。

并在段尾简要说明了这一问题的原因。

第二段重在分析这个邮政进行改革，现代化的困难重重。

然后第三，第四两段提出解决方法，第三段阐明需要各方的努力，第四段重点在立法的不足。

英语二的第四篇阅读文章节选自2017年6月13日BBC网站上一篇名为Why you should manage your energy not your time的文章。

文章框架结构也同样属于问题解决型。

第一段作者提及Newport的一本书，并说该书作者推荐了一个deep work的方法。

第二段开头“there are a number of approaches……”，并在断尾给出“the key”。

第三段开头继续讲述Newport的观点，also提示和前文顺承关系。

第四段开头another approach 提示给出另外的方法，是要规划好时间，并给出Tim Harford的研究。

到第五段开头的while提示事情有所转变，while句转折，重点看主句部分，也就是否定研究者的观点，研究者认为应该去给出具体细节规划，其实是错误的。

在本段结尾Harford观点明确指出，留出空间有可能会更好。

第六段开始继续讲述Newport观点“be lazy”，第七段Newport具体观点内容。

第八段和第九段引用Srini Pillay的观点论证要在集中注意力和不集中之间来回切换才会更高效。

两篇文章的框架都是在段首给出段落特征词，提示该段的主题或者逻辑关系，帮助我们快速确定文章整体框架，这也是暑期课程以及冲刺课程中，我们对主旨题的解答方法中非常重要的一类方法。

2018 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)

2018 Text 3（英语⼆）脸书收购 WhatsAppText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing.Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and ﬁnely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist, what , would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.数字经济巨头的实⼒和野⼼着实令⼈瞠⽬结⾆。

2018 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语二)

2018 Text 2（英语⼆）可再⽣能源Text 2While — coal, oil, gas — still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner .But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.The cost of has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world is already a principal energy source.In , for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and , the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.fossil fuels 尽管化⽯燃料，如煤炭、⽯油、天然⽓仍然在全球能源供应中约占85%，然⽽⽐以往更清楚的趋势是未来是属于再⽣资源的，例如⻛能和太阳能。

2018考研英语阅读各题型解题要点

2018考研英语阅读各题型解题要点考研英语阅读分值占比大，下面一起来看看2018考研英语阅读各题型解题要点？供大家参考。

考研英语阅读时英语科目复习的重中之重，尤其是冲刺阶段，阅读一定要注意掌握方法技巧，提高速度和准确率，下面重点分享各类题型解题要点，大家参考。

一、细节题【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法【解题步骤】1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章返回原文可依据以下几个关键点来：1)可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文2)根据出题的顺序返回原文3)根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文4)经过长难句返回原文。

2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章【例题】2014年Text 121. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house[B] A special tour[C] A stylish car[D] A rich mealThese two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.【解题步骤应用】1 题干定位Dumn and Norton--- Ms. Dumn and Mr. NortonAccording to---saythe most rewarding ---far betterpurchase--- to spend money on因此，答案定位在experiences like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.2 选项定位答案[B] A special tourspecial----interesting 表示"特别的，有趣的"a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。

2018年考研英语2 阅读理解text4

2018年考研英语2 阅读理解text4题目：The Gig Economy: Beauty or the Beast?内容概要：这篇文章主要探讨了“零工经济”（Gig Economy）的发展趋势及其对社会和劳动力市场的影响。

作者首先介绍了“零工经济”的概念和特点，然后分析了其对劳动市场和劳动者的影响，探讨了其中的利弊，最后提出了一些建议。

文章涉及了劳动力市场、就业模式、社会保障等多个方面的议题。

正文：一、零工经济的概念及特点随着信息技术的发展，零工经济逐渐成为一个备受关注的话题。

所谓“零工经济”，即通过上线评台（如Uber、Airbnb等）实现的雇佣模式，劳动者通过这些评台为雇主提供临时性的、零散的劳动力服务，而非传统的长期雇佣关系。

这种新兴的就业模式，给劳动力市场带来了诸多变革，其特点主要包括灵活、临时、低成本等。

二、对劳动力市场的影响1.福利待遇缺失：零工经济的兴起，使得传统意义上的工作保障遇到了挑战。

相对于传统的长期雇佣关系，零工经济中的劳动者往往缺乏社会保障和福利待遇，如养老保险、医疗保险等。

2.灵活性与不稳定性：零工经济虽然提供了更为灵活的就业方式，但也带来了劳动市场的不稳定性。

劳动者常常面临收入不稳定、工作时间不确定等问题，这可能会增加他们的生活压力。

3.就业机会扩大：另零工经济也为一些人提供了就业机会。

一些无法进入传统劳动力市场的人裙，如退休人员、家庭主妇等，通过参与零工经济，获得了一定的收入来源。

三、零工经济的利弊1.利：零工经济的灵活性和便利性，为一部分劳动者提供了更多的就业机会，同时也带动了相关产业的发展，为经济增长做出了一定贡献。

2.弊：然而，零工经济也引发了一些问题。

首先是劳动者的权益受到侵害的问题，由于缺乏工会和集体谈判的保障，劳动者在零工经济中容易受到剥削。

其次是对传统劳动力市场的冲击，零工经济的兴起可能导致传统就业模式的衰退，进而影响整个劳动力市场的稳定。

四、建议1.立法监管：针对零工经济的发展，有关部门应该及时出台相应的法律法规，保障劳动者的权益，规范零工市场的秩序。

2018考研英语阅读真题超精解

2018考研英语阅读真题超精解Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York''s Veteran''s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman''s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It''s not necessarily that women don''t cope as well. It''s just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men''s, she observes, It''s just that they''re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. It''s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez''s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.2. Dr. Yehuda''s research suggests that women[A] Need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] Have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] Are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] Are exposed to more stress.3. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.4. The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck.(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez''s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.6. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.7. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.8. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.9. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.10. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today''s people- especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations- appare ntly reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we''ve pretty much gone as far as we can go, says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients–notably, protein–to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height- 5′9〞for men, 5′4〞for women- hasn''t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism, says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don''t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass, ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.11. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S……[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.12. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.13. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.14. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.15. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.答案：1.A 题目问的是通过对前两段的了解选出正确选项。

考研英语一真题手译阅读2018-Text3

It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
分享考研资料，助力考研成功！ata of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.
4- The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.

2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(8)

2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(8)新东方在线推荐：Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they aretold to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrowfixation of the computing machine’s “intelligence” on the detailsof its own perceptions — its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, andsimple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, thoughto a lesser extent.Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom,but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in itthe presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. Thisvery healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach.Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situationthat is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases,the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take theseaxioms literally. The question, central to the scientificinvestigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context —what happens if the axioms are relaxed? — is thereby ignored.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.1. The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to do which of the following?[A] Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines.[B] Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving.[C] Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers.[D] Provide one definition of intelligence.2. It can be inferred form the text that scientists make which of the following assumptions about scientific arguments?[A] The literal truth of the arguments can be made clear only in a mathematical context.[B] The arguments necessarily ignore the central question of scientific investigation.[C] The arguments probably will be convincing only to other scientists.[D] The premises on which the arguments are based may change.3. According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientist for which of the following reasons?[A] Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists.[B] Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists.[C] Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.[D] Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue.4. The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problem is which of the following?[A] Practical for scientific purposes.[B] Detrimental to scientific progress.[C] Unimportant in most situations.[D] Expedient, but of little long-term value.5. The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that[A] mathematicians are better able to solve problems than are scientists.[B] changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments.[C] well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments.[D] some factors in most situations must remain unknown.。

2018考研英语二text3m

2018考研英语二text3m一、概述2018年考研英语二的第三篇阅读理解文章为text3m，文章主要讨论了数字化媒体对传统媒体的影响以及数字化媒体对社会的影响。

本文将从文章内容、结构和语言运用等方面来分析该文章，以期为考研学子提供对该篇文章的深入解析和理解。

二、文章内容该篇文章主要分为两部分，第一部分讨论了数字化媒体对传统媒体的影响，第二部分探讨了数字化媒体对社会的影响。

三、数字化媒体对传统媒体的影响在第一部分中，文章指出数字化媒体的出现对传统媒体造成了一定的冲击，数字化媒体的兴起给传统媒体带来了严峻的挑战。

数字化媒体的信息传播速度更快，更广泛，更直接，这使得传统媒体的新闻报道和信息传播能力受到了很大的影响。

数字化媒体的互动性更强，可以实现用户与媒体的双向交流和互动，而传统媒体则难以做到这一点。

再次，数字化媒体的多样性和个性化特点使得用户能够更加个性化地获取信息，而传统媒体则受限于版面，难以满足用户的多样化需求。

四、数字化媒体对社会的影响在第二部分中，文章探讨了数字化媒体对社会的影响。

数字化媒体的兴起改变了人们获取信息的方式，加剧了信息的碎片化和泛滥化，导致一些人无法准确获取真实信息。

另外，数字化媒体的娱乐化特点也使得一些人沉迷于网络游戏、短视瓶等娱乐内容，影响他们的学习和工作。

数字化媒体的大数据特点也给社会带来了一些负面影响，例如个人隐私泄露、信息泄露、网络欺诈等问题。

五、结构和语言运用在结构方面，该文章采用了对比分析的手法，先讨论数字化媒体对传统媒体的影响，然后探讨数字化媒体对社会的影响，结构清晰，层次分明。

在语言运用方面，文章使用了大量的例子和数据来支撑论点，使得论证更加有说服力，同时也增强了读者的理解和记忆。

六、总结以上是对2018考研英语二text3m的深入分析，文章主要讨论了数字化媒体对传统媒体的影响以及数字化媒体对社会的影响。

文章结构清晰，语言运用得当，在考研备考中要注重对文章结构和语言表达的分析和理解，有助于提升阅读理解和写作水平。

2018 考研英语二阅读理解 text1

文章标题：2018考研英语二阅读理解text1解析一、文章概述2018年考研英语二阅读理解部分的text1内容涉及到社会问题，涵盖了环保、可持续发展以及政府政策等方面的讨论。

本文将对该文进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握该篇文章。

二、文章解析1. 环保问题本文首先涉及到了环保问题，强调了环保对于人类的重要性。

通过对环境污染及其影响的描述，呼吁人们重视环保问题。

考生在阅读文章时，应注意文中对环保问题的描述，以及作者对于环保的态度和观点。

2. 可持续发展文章还提到了可持续发展的概念，强调了在追求经济发展的也要考虑到对环境的影响。

这对于考生来说是一个新的概念，需要注意文中的相关描述和解释。

可持续发展是当今社会一个重要的议题，对于考生来说也是一个必须了解的知识点。

3. 政府政策文章最后提到了政府在环保和可持续发展方面的政策和措施。

考生需要注意文中对于政府政策的描述，以及作者对于政府政策的评价和观点。

这对于考生来说也是一个相对重要的知识点，需要考生在阅读文章时予以重视。

三、文章思考1. 作者观点考生在阅读文章时，需要认真思考作者的观点和立场。

作者在文中对于环保、可持续发展和政府政策的描述和评价，都是考生需要理解和掌握的重点内容。

2. 文章主题考生需要思考文章的主题和中心思想。

通过对文章内容和结构的分析，理解文章的主旨和目的，对于考生来说也是非常重要的。

四、文章实战1. 预测题型考生在备考过程中，需要对于该类型文章出现的题型进行预测和练习。

针对环保、可持续发展和政府政策等方面的问题，考生可以进行相关的阅读理解题目的练习。

掌握相关的解题技巧和方法，为考试做好充分的准备。

五、文章总结本文对2018年考研英语二阅读理解部分的text1进行了解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握该篇文章。

文章内容涉及环保、可持续发展和政府政策等多个方面的内容，对于考生来说是一个非常有价值的文章。

希望考生能够通过本文的解析，对该篇文章有一个更深入的理解，并取得理想的考试成绩。

2018年考研英语一阅读2解析+拓展练习

2018年考研英语一真题阅读2解析➕练习打印1. A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove(不赞成）of President Trump’s use of Twitter.The implication（言外之意，暗示）is that Millennials（千禧一代）prefer news from the White House to be filtered（过滤）through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.2.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines（查看每日头条新闻）.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up（提高）their media literacy skills（媒体素养能力）.Such a trend is badly needed.During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content（内容；满意）shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state （决定性的情形）of Michigan（密歇根州）was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News （美国新闻聚合网站，类似于我国头条，凤凰新闻等）found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant （巨头；大公司）.3.Young people who are digital natives （数据的本土人意思是在数据时代长大的年轻人）are indeed（程度强调词，的确）becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust”to verify（核实）stories.They cross-check（交叉核对）sources and prefer news from different perspectives –especially those that are open about any bias（偏见）.“Many young people assume（承担）a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints（对立观点）,”the survey concluded.4.Such active research can have another effect.A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison（美国名校）found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement（政治参与度）.5.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share（转发）news as a projection（投射）of their values and interests.This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information（传播信息）.A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”more so than （超过）made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration（误解和夸大）of actual news”via social media.In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting（对抗）this problem,”says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.6.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills –and in their choices on when to share on social media.World listPhrase1.media literacy skills（媒体素养能力）2.assume a great deal of personal responsibility(承担责任）3.more so than （超过）第一部分：comprehension1.According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans castdoubts[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people's preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations' ability to handle information.[D] social media as a reliable source of news.2.The phrase "beef up" (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen（加强）[B] define[C] boast （吹嘘，自夸）[D] share3.According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse sources.[C] have a strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on "distributed trust". （分散式信任）4.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problemis[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists' biased reporting[C] readers' misinterpretation[D] journalists' made-up stories.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.答案：DABCA第二部分：英译中第三部分translation1.Badly worded polls，fake polls,and biased polls are common.poll(民调）——————————————————————————————————2.But justification can come in other forms ,too.____________________________________________________________________3.The brightest lights cast the darkest shadows.____________________________________________________________________4.The individual word don’t reveal what the meaning to you._________________________________________________________________5.So we have extra exaggeration in this exproblem.________________________________________________________6.He misinterpreted her silence as giving consent(同意）.________________________________________________________7.Bias against women permeates(弥漫）every level of the judicialsystem.______________________________________________________________8.They are going to ask you to verify the amount._______________________________________________________________9.投影仪;过滤器——————————————————————10.The National Federation of the Blind considers this is a literacycrisis.______________________________________________________答案：1.糟糕的措辞的民调，虚假的民调，有偏见的民调是普遍的。

2018考研英语阅读需掌握的四个技巧

2018考研英语阅读需掌握的四个技巧考研阅读的题量比较大，考场之上也是分秒必争，因此各位考生在日常复习中，除了踏实的积累和联系外，有意识的掌握一些技巧也是必要的。

考研英语阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。

只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合文章后问题才能快速定位问题答案。

我们会发现考研的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。

当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。

►确定文章主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。

常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。

当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。

找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。

►常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。

这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。

也许，在做考研阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。

现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持或反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。

2018年考研英语一Text3及答案

2018年考研英语一Text3及答案2018年考研英语一Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since unde r existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds onthe concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises. [B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments. [D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Key: BCDDB。