Dilaton Black Holes on Thick Branes

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English food

9. Toad in the hole 布丁牛排
Toad in the hole usually served with vegetables and gravy. The origin of the name 'Toad-in-theHole' is vague模糊的. Most suggestions think that the dish's resemblance to a toad sticking its little head out of a hole .
Mushy peasare dried peas which are first soaked 浸湿overnight in water, and then simmered with a little sugar and salt until they form a thick green lumpy soup块状汤.
let us to see some traditional food in England…
1. Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding Yorkshire Pudding is not dessert inspite of its name, although it is similar in some ways to a pancake煎饼 made with flour,milk and eggs. It is usually eaten with roast beef and gravy as part of a traditional Sunday lunch.
Breakfast.
Generally speaking the British breakfast is much bigger than in most other countries. Many people like to have a fried breakfast which can consist of fried bacon and eggs with fried bread and possibly fried tomatoes or black pudding. The most common is cornflakes['kɔ:n,fleiks] （玉米片）. They are made with different grains.

Black holes in the Brans-Dicke-Maxwell theory

The other example comes from the black holes in the BD theory. More recently, many authors have investigated the gravitational collapse and black hole formation in the BD theory [3,4,5,6,7]. It turned out that the dynamic scalar ﬁeld in the BD theory plays an important role in the process of collapse and critical phenomenon. Hawking [8] proved ﬁrst that in the four dimensional vacuum BD theory, the black hole solution is just the Schwarzschild solution with a trivial constant scalar ﬁeld (hereafter the black holes in this paper mean the static, asymptotically ﬂat, and spherically symmetric solutions with horizon). Further the stability of black holes in the BD theory has been investigated in Ref. [9]. On the other hand, the vacuum BD theory can be transformed into the Einstein-massless scalar theory by using a conformal transformation. In Ref. [10], the solution to Einsteinmassless scalar equations was given. Although this solution has an asymptotically ﬂat region and the scalar ﬁeld approaches zero at spacelike inﬁnity, it exhibits a naked

黑洞无处不在 A GALAXY FULL OF BLACK HOLE

Credit: European Southern Observatory (ESO) - Very Large Telescope
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Where do black holes come from?
Mid-Mass: Scientists are finding these in the centers of large, dense star clusters.
Years
“Weird” motions of objects nearby
Movie courtesy Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Germany.
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How do we know it’s there?
Hot material falling into the black hole.
Credit: European Southern Observatory
9
Where do black holes come from?
Supermassive: Extremely massive black holes have been found in the centers of many galaxies - including our own!
A Galaxy Full of Black Holes
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 1 Origins Education Forum - STScI Navigator Public Engagement Program - JPL
1915: Einstein’s Theory of Gravity predicted the possibility of black holes, but no one believed they actually existed! 1967: Term “Black Hole” coined 1970’s: Convincing evidence that black holes are real Today: NASA space telescopes have discovered evidence for black holes throughout the universe

哈克外貌描写的句子

哈克外貌描写的句子英文回答：Huck is a young boy with a scruffy appearance. His hair is unkempt and often sticks up in all directions, as if he hasn't brushed it in days. It's a light shade of brown, almost blonde, and has a slightly greasy texture. His face is freckled, with a few scattered across his nose and cheeks. He has bright blue eyes that are full of mischief and curiosity, always darting around and taking in his surroundings. Huck's nose is slightly turned up at the end, giving him a mischievous look. His lips are thin and often curled into a mischievous smirk. Huck's clothes are worn and tattered, with patches sewn in haphazardly to cover up holes. He usually wears a faded blue denim shirt and a pair of old, torn jeans that hang loosely on his lanky frame. His shoes are scuffed and dirty, showing signs of countless adventures and escapades. Huck's overall appearance gives off a sense of carelessness and rebellion, as if he doesn't conform to societal norms and prefers to live life on hisown terms.中文回答：哈克是一个外表邋遢的年轻男孩。

holes 《别有洞天》英语阅读词汇笔记

holes 《别有洞天》英语阅读词汇笔记Holes Vocabulary Notes from the Novel "Holes"Introduction:"Holes," written by Louis Sachar, is a captivating novel that tells the story of Stanley Yelnats, a young boy who is sent to a juvenile detention center called Camp Green Lake. Throughout the book, many interesting characters, events, and themes emerge. This vocabulary guide aims to provide a comprehensive collection of key words and phrases found within the novel, "Holes."Vocabulary Words and Definitions:1. Drought: an extended period of abnormally low rainfall resulting in a shortage of water supply. In the novel, Camp Green Lake suffers from a severe drought, making water a scarce resource.2. Desolate: bare, empty, and uninhabited. Camp Green Lake is located in a desolate area with no signs of life.3. Conviction: a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense. Stanley Yelnats is sent to Camp Green Lake after being wrongly convicted of stealing a pair of sneakers.4. Juvenile: a young person who is not yet considered an adult. At Camp Green Lake, all the boys are juveniles with troubled pasts.5. Injustice: a lack of fairness or justice. Stanley's conviction represents a great injustice as he is innocent but still ends up at the detention center.6. Perseverance: the ability to continue to do something despite difficulties or obstacles. Throughout the novel, Stanley demonstrates perseverance as he overcomes various challenges.7. Arid: extremely dry or barren. The arid landscape surrounding Camp Green Lake emphasizes the harsh conditions faced by the characters.8. Prejudice: preconceived opinions or attitudes held without sufficient knowledge or reason. The boys at Camp Green Lake face prejudice based on their past mistakes.9. Integrity: the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. Stanley's friendship with Zero exemplifies integrity as they help and protect each other.10. Redemption: the action of being saved from sin, error, or evil. The theme of redemption is portrayed through Stanley and the other boys' journey of self-discovery and self-improvement.11. Persist: to continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or course of action. Stanley and Zero persist in their search for the treasure despite many setbacks.12. Solemn: deeply serious or earnest. The atmosphere at Camp Green Lake is solemn, with strict rules and little room for levity.13. Comradeship: a close association between friends or allies. The boys at Camp Green Lake develop a strong sense of comradeship as they face the challenges together.14. Scarcity: the state of being in short supply or rare. Due to the drought, water becomes a scarcity at Camp Green Lake.15. Cursed: deserving or bringing a curse upon oneself or others. The Yelnats family believes they are cursed due to a longstanding family curse.Conclusion:The vocabulary words listed above are prevalent throughout the novel "Holes" and provide valuable insight into the themes, characters, and settings depicted in the story. By consulting these vocabulary notes, readers can enhance their understanding of the novel's context and appreciate the powerful messages conveyed by Louis Sachar.。

black hole作文

black hole作文英文回答：Black holes have always fascinated me. The concept of a region in space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape is mind-boggling. It's like a cosmic vacuum cleaner that sucks in everything around it. But what exactly is a black hole?A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity. The core of the star becomes so dense that it creates a gravitational pull that is incredibly strong. This gravitational pull is what makes a black hole so fascinating and terrifying at the same time.Imagine you are standing on the edge of a black hole. If you were to fall into it, the gravitational pull would be so strong that you would be stretched like a piece of spaghetti. This is known as spaghettification, a term coined by scientists to describe the extreme tidal forcesexperienced near a black hole.But what happens once you cross the event horizon, the point of no return? Well, according to the theory of general relativity, you would be sucked into the blackhole's singularity, a point of infinite density. Time and space become warped near the singularity, and our understanding of physics breaks down. It's like entering a whole new realm of the unknown.Black holes also have an event called the "black hole information paradox." According to quantum mechanics, information cannot be destroyed. However, if something were to fall into a black hole, it would seemingly disappear forever. This contradiction has puzzled scientists for years and is still a topic of active research.中文回答：黑洞一直以来都让我着迷。

形容黑洞的英语作文高中

形容黑洞的英语作文高中Black Hole。

As one of the most mysterious objects in the universe, black holes have always been a fascinating topic for scientists and the public alike. A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. It is formed by the collapse of a massive star, which creates a singularity, a point of infinite density and gravity.The first black hole was discovered in 1916 by Karl Schwarzschild, a German physicist. However, it was not until the 1960s that scientists began to fully understand the nature of black holes. Today, we know that there are three types of black holes: stellar, intermediate, and supermassive.Stellar black holes are the most common type and are formed by the collapse of a single massive star. They havea mass of up to 20 times that of the sun and are only a few kilometers in diameter. Intermediate black holes have a mass of up to a few hundred thousand times that of the sun and are thought to be formed by the merging of several smaller black holes. Supermassive black holes, on the other hand, have a mass of millions or billions of times that of the sun and are found at the center of most galaxies, including our own Milky Way.The most fascinating aspect of black holes is their ability to distort space and time. This is known as the "gravitational lensing" effect, which occurs when the gravity of a black hole bends the path of light around it. This effect has been observed by astronomers and has provided valuable insights into the properties of black holes.Another intriguing aspect of black holes is the "event horizon," which is the point of no return. Once an object crosses the event horizon, it is impossible for it to escape the black hole's gravity. This is because the escape velocity required to leave the black hole is greater thanthe speed of light, which is impossible according to the laws of physics.Despite their mysterious nature, black holes play a crucial role in the universe. They are responsible for the formation of galaxies, the distribution of matter, and the evolution of stars. They are also important in the study of fundamental physics, as they provide a unique laboratoryfor testing the laws of gravity and the nature of space and time.In conclusion, black holes are one of the most fascinating and mysterious objects in the universe. They have captured the imagination of scientists and the public alike, and continue to provide valuable insights into the nature of the universe and the laws of physics.。

Non-Abelian Black Holes with Magnetic Dipole Hair

a rXiv:h ep-th/0834v13A ug2Non-Abelian Black Holes with Magnetic Dipole Hair Burkhard Kleihaus Department of Mathematical Physics,University College,Dublin,Belﬁeld,Dublin 4,Ireland Jutta Kunz Fachbereich Physik,Universit¨a t Oldenburg,Postfach 2503D-26111Oldenburg,Germany February 1,2008Abstract We construct static axially symmetric black holes in SU(2)Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory.Located inbetween a monopole-antimonopole pair,these black holes possess magnetic dipole hair.The diﬀerence of their mass and theirhorizon mass equals the mass of the regular monopole-antimonopole solution,as expected from the isolated horizon framework.Preprint hep-th/00080341IntroductionIn Einstein-Maxwell(EM)theory,black holes are completely determined by their mass, their charge and their angular momentum,i.e.black holes have no hair[1].Furthermore, Israel’s theorem of EM theory states,that static black holes are spherically symmetric. The“no-hair”theorem holds no longer in theories with non-abelianﬁelds.Such theories possess whole sequences of neutral static spherically symmetric black hole solutions[2]. Furthermore,there are static black hole solutions with only axial symmetry[3],as well as black hole solutions with only discrete symmetries[4],so Israel’s theorem holds neither in the presence of non-abelianﬁelds.The hairy black hole solutions are asymptoticallyﬂat and possess a regular event horizon[2].Taking the radius of the event horizon to zero,globally regular particle-like solutions emerge.Recently,in the isolated horizon framework an intriguing relation between the mass of hairy black hole solutions and the mass of the corresponding regular solutions was found in Einstein-Yang-Mills(EYM)theory[5,6].Also,a modiﬁed uniqueness conjecture was presented[6].SU(2)Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs(EYMH)theory,in particular,allows for a rich variety of globally regular particle-like solutions,such as gravitating monopoles[7]and multimonopoles[8]as well as gravitating monopole-antimonopole pairs[9].Associ-ated with the gravitating monopole solutions are non-abelian black hole solutions with “magnetic monopole hair”,existing for not too large values of the event horizon[7]. Likewise,the gravitating multimonopole solutions give rise to magnetically charged non-abelian black hole solutions with hair[4].Here we show,that the regular gravitating monopole-antimonopole pair(MAP) solutions[9]are similarly associated with hairy black hole solutions.Immersing a black hole symmetrically between the monopole and antimonopole results in a static axially symmetric black hole solution carrying“magnetic dipole hair”.We further show that the diﬀerence of the mass and the horizon mass of these hairy black holes equals the mass of the regular MAP solution,as expected from the isolated horizon formalism[5]. 2AnsatzWe consider SU(2)EYMH theory with actionS= R2e Tr(FµνFµν)−1−gd4x,(1)and with Newton’s constant G,Yang-Mills coupling constant e,Higgs vacuum expecta-tion valueη,and vanishing Higgs self-coupling.Variation with respect to the metric and the matterﬁelds leads to the Einstein equations and theﬁeld equations,respectively.The static axially symmetric black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”are obtained in isotropic coordinates with metric[3]ds2=−fdt2+mfr2sin2θdϕ2,(2)where f,m and l are only functions of r andθ.The MAP ansatz reads for the purely magnetic gaugeﬁeld(A0=0)[10,9]Aµdxµ=1rdr+2(1−H2)dθ τϕ−2sinθ H3τ(2)r+(1−H4)τ(2)θ dϕ (3)and for the HiggsﬁeldΦ= Φ1τ(2)r+Φ2τ(2)θ ,(4) with su(2)matrices(composed of the standard Pauli matricesτi)τ(2)r=sin2θτρ+cos2θτ3,τ(2)θ=cos2θτρ−sin2θτ3,τρ=cosϕτ1+sinϕτ2,τϕ=−sinϕτ1+cosϕτ2.(5) The four gaugeﬁeld functions H i and the two Higgsﬁeld functionsΦi depend only on r andθ.Consistent with this ansatz,the general set of equations of motion is reduced to a set of nine elliptic partial diﬀerential equations.With respect to the residual gauge degree of freedom[11,3,10]we choose the gauge condition r∂r H1−2∂θH2=0[10,9].3Boundary conditionsWe consider static axially symmetric black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”, which are asymptoticallyﬂat,and possess aﬁnite mass.Their boundary conditions at inﬁnity and along theρ-and z-axis are the same as those of the regular MAP solutions [9],i.e.at inﬁnity the conditions areH1=H2=0,H3=sinθ,1−H4=cosθ,Φ1=η,Φ2=0,f=m=l=1,(6)on the z-axis the functions H1,H3,Φ2and the derivatives∂θH2,∂θH4,∂θΦ1,∂θf,∂θm,∂θl have to vanish,while on theρ-axis the functions H1,1−H4,Φ2and the derivatives ∂θH2,∂θH3,∂θΦ1,∂θf,∂θm,∂θl have to vanish.In order to obtain black hole solutions with a regular event horizon at radius r H, we impose the boundary conditions[3]f=m=l=0,r∂rΦ1+H1Φ2=0,r∂rΦ2−H1Φ1=0,(7)∂θH1+r∂r H2=0,r∂r H3−H1H4=0,r∂r H4+H1(H3+ctgθ)=0,(8)where the boundary conditions on the matterﬁeld functions result from the equationsof motion.Since one of the gaugeﬁeld equations gives a boundary condition which coincides with the gaugeﬁxing condition,r∂r H1−∂θH2=0,we need to impose a further condition at the horizon to completelyﬁx the gauge[3].We choose∂θH1=0.From the equations of motion it follows[3],that the Kretschmann scalar isﬁnite at the horizon,and that the surface gravityκ[12,4],κ2=−(1/4)g tt g ij(∂i g tt)(∂j g tt),(9) is constant,as required by the zeroth law of black hole physics.4ResultsIntroducing the dimensionless coordinate x=rηe and the Higgsﬁeldφ=Φ/η,theequations depend only on the coupling constantα,α2=4πGη2.The mass M ofthe black hole solutions can be obtained directly from the total energy-momentum “tensor”τµνof matter and gravitation,M= τ00d3r[13],or equivalently from M=− 2T00−Tµµ √4πηM.Let us brieﬂy recall the globally regular gravitating MAP solutions.In the limitα→0,the lower branch of gravitating MAP solutions emerges smoothly from theﬂat space solution[10]and ends at the critical valueαreg cr=0.670,when gravity becomes too strong for regular MAP solutions to persist[9].However,atαreg cr a second branch of MAP solutions appears,extending back toα=0.Having higher masses,these MAP solutions constitute the upper branch of solutions.On both branches,the modulus of the Higgsﬁeld of the gravitating MAP solutions possesses two zeros,±z0,on the z-axis, which correspond to the location of the monopole and antimonopole,respectively.Let us now turn to the corresponding black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”,where a regular event horizon is located inbetween the monopole-antimonopole pair.These solutions are obtained by solving the set of equations of motion numerically, subject to the above boundary conditions[14].For aﬁxed value ofα,0<α<αreg cr,we obtain two branches of black hole solutions.Imposing a regular event horizon at a small radius x H,the lower branch of black holesolutions emerges from the regular lower branch MAP solution.Along this lower branch, with increasing x H the mass increases.Indeed,when a maximal value of the horizon radius x H,max(α)is reached,the mass increases further with decreasing x H,reaching a maximal value at x H,cr(α)<x H,max(α).Decreasing x H from x H,cr(α),a second branch of solutions appears.Along this upper branch with decreasing x H the mass decreases, reaching the regular upper branch MAP solution,when x H→0.We now introduce the area parameter x∆[5,6],deﬁned via the dimensionless areaof the black hole horizon A,A=2πx2H π0dθsinθ√f x2H=4πx2∆.(10)When considered as a function of the horizon radius x H,the area parameter x∆also attains its maximal value at the critical value x H,cr.Therefore the dimensionless mass µ,when considered as a function of the area parameter x∆,attains its maximum value at the maximum value of x∆.Here the two branches merge,forming a spike,as seen in Fig.1for4πα2=0.725.The maximal value of the horizon radius x H,max(α)increases with decreasingα.The weaker gravity,the bigger black holes are possible.Extrapolating to the limitα→0, we obtain the biggest possible horizon radius,x H=0.1208.Let us now consider these black hole solutions in the deformed isolated horizon framework[5,6].For EYM theory an intriguing relation between the ADM massµof a black hole with area parameter x∆and the massµreg of the corresponding globally regular solution was found[5],µ=µ∆+µreg,(11) where the horizon massµ∆is deﬁned viaµ∆= x∆0κ(x′∆)x′∆dx′∆,(12)with rescaled surface gravityκ→κ/eη.We now consider this relation for the EYMH black holes with“magnetic dipole hair”.The inverse of the surface gravityκ,and the integrandκ(x∆)x∆of the integral for the horizon mass,are shown in Fig.2for4πα2=0.725as functions of the area parameter x∆for both branches of black hole solutions.Evaluating the rhs of relation(11)for the black hole solutions along both branches, we obtain excellent agreement with the corresponding ADM masses,as seen in Fig.1. Thus our numerical results indicate,that relation(11)also holds for the EYMH black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”.(For each branch the corresponding regular solution is the reference point for the integration.)In particular,the mass of the regular upper branch solution is related to the mass of the regular lower branch solution via the horizon mass integral,performed along both branches.Another crucial quantity in this formalism is the magnetic non-abelian charge ofthe horizon P YM∆[5,6]P YM ∆=1 i F iθϕ 2dθdϕ,(13)where the integral is over the surface of the horizon.We show P YM∆in Fig.3.Alsoshown is the magnetic abelian charge of the horizon P M∆,obtained analogously fromthe electromagnetic’t Hooft tensor Fµν[15].Note,that the magnetic charge inside the horizon,P M= Fθϕdθdϕ,vanishes.These charges are of interest also,since in[6]a modiﬁed uniqueness conjecture for black holes was suggested,claiming that black holes are uniquely speciﬁed by their horizon charges.Further details to these black hole solutions as well as to possible excited black hole solutions will be given elsewhere.5OutlookHaving constructed black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”,where the black hole resides at the center between the poles,it is natural to wonder,whether one could also obtain static axially symmetric solutions with two black holes,each located at one of the poles,i.e.black diholes[16].Such solutions would presumably form an unstable equilibrium conﬁguration of two hairy black holes.When considering a magnetic dipole conﬁguration with two black holes in Einstein-Maxwell theory,one has either to invoke a string between the holes or an external magneticﬁeld to give the necessary repulsion and avoid collapse[16].For the non-abelian conﬁguration,in contrast,we expect the gaugeﬁeld to provide the necessary repulsion.Indeed,for the globally regular MAP solutions and the above constructed black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”,the gaugeﬁeld provides suﬃcient repulsion for equilibrium.For the single black hole with“magnetic dipole hair”our numerical results are in excellent agreement with relation(11),obtained in the isolated horizon framework.It appears interesting to consider extension of this relation to the conjectured black dihole conﬁgurations.References[1]W.Israel,Commun.Math.Phys.8(1968)245;D.C.Robinson,Phys.Rev.Lett.34(1975)905;P.Mazur,J.Phys.A15(1982)3173;M.Heusler,Black Hole Uniqueness Theorems,(Cambrigde University Press, 1996).[2]see e.g.M.S.Volkov and D.V.Gal’tsov,Gravitating Non-Abelian Solitons andBlack Holes with Yang-Mills Fields,Phys.Rept.319(1999)1.[3]B.Kleihaus and J.Kunz,Phys.Rev.Lett.79,1595(1997);B.Kleihaus and J.Kunz,Phys.Rev.D57,6138(1998).[4]S.A.Ridgway and E.J.Weinberg,Phys.Rev.D52(1995)3440.[5]A.Ashtekar,S.Fairhurst,and B.Krishnan,preprint gr-qc/0005083.[6]A.Corichi,and D.Sudarsky,gr-qc/9912032;A.Corichi,U.Nucamendi,and D.Sudarsky,gr-qc/0002078.[7]K.Lee,V.P.Nair and E.J.Weinberg,Phys.Rev.D45(1992)2751;P.Breitenlohner,P.Forgacs and D.Maison,Nucl.Phys.B383(1992)357;P.Breitenlohner,P.Forgacs and D.Maison,Nucl.Phys.B442(1995)126.[8]B.Hartmann,B.Kleihaus,J.Kunz,in preparation.[9]B.Kleihaus and J.Kunz,preprint hep-th/0006148.[10]Bernhard R¨u ber,Thesis,University of Bonn1985;B.Kleihaus and J.Kunz,Phys.Rev.D61(2000)025003.[11]C.Rebbi and P.Rossi,Phys.Rev.D22(1980)2010;B.Kleihaus,J.Kunz and D.H.Tchrakian,Mod.Phys.Lett.A13(1998)2523.[12]R.M.Wald,General Relativity(University of Chicago Press,Chicago,1984)[13]S.Weinberg,Gravitation and Cosmology(Wiley,New York,1972)[14]B.Kleihaus and J.Kunz,in preparation.[15]G.‘t Hooft,Nucl.Phys.B79(1974)276.[16]R.Emparan,Phys.Rev.D61(2000)104009.Figure1:The ADM massµ/α2along the lower branch(solid)and the upper branch (dashed)is shown for the EYMH black hole solutions with“magnetic dipole hair”as a function of the area parameter x∆for coupling constant4πα2=0.725.The asterisk (∗)indicates the solution with horizon radius x H,max.Also shown is the rhs of relation (11)(µ∆+µreg)/α2(dotted).Figure2:Same as Fig.1for the inverse(rescaled)surface gravityκ−1and the integrand of the horizon massκx∆.(The value ofκx∆for x∆→0is extrapolated.)Figure3:Same as Fig.1for the magnetic non-abelian charge of the horizon P YM∆andthe magnetic abelian charge of the horizon P M∆.。

English Food

虽然名字叫约克郡布丁，而且感觉上像是是用面粉、牛奶、鸡蛋做出来的煎饼，但它其实不是一道甜点。这道菜通常都和烤牛肉、调味肉汁一起，作为一道传统的周日午餐。
Roast Meats
Typical meats for roasting are joints of beef, pork, lamb or a whole chicken. More rarely duck, goose, gammon, turkey or game are eaten. 典型的肉是关节为烤牛肉、猪肉、羊肉或整只鸡。更为罕见于金门、鸭、鹅、火鸡或游戏是吃。
Shepherd's pie 肉馅土豆馅饼
Shepherd's Pie, also known as cottage pie, is a traditional English dish comprising minced (ground) meat covered with mashed potato. The meat is typically lamb or beef left over from a Sunday roast. The term "shepherd's pie" tends to be used when the meat is lamb.
Lunch
Many children at school and adults at work will have a 'packed lunch'. This typically consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drink. The 'packed lunch' is kept in a plastic container. Sandwiches are also known as a 'butty' or 'sarnie' in some parts of the UK.

Unit 11 Edward and His Incredible Black Hole

Unit 11 Edward and His Incredible Black Hole爱德华和他那难以置信的黑洞小时候，最吸引人的童话故事或者动画片总是与星空和宇宙有关。

很多人在童年里都做过飞上太空﹑探索宇宙的梦想。

爱德华将梦想付诸实施，虽然其结局是悲惨的，但谁能说，他的科学探索精神不是可贵的？Edward had a marvelous plan. He was going to create a genuine mini Black Hole, right here on earth.Edward lived alone in the suburban sprawl(无规则蔓延)of a large city. His father had experimented with inventions in his large steel garage. Because of this, his mother had left home four years ago. He missed his father who had died of a heart attack two summers ago.Edward worked during the day as an attendant at the City Library where he taught himself technology so that he could understand his father’s notebooks. At home he stumbled around in track-pants(运动裤)and a T-shirt and busily modified his father’s equipment.Edward put coils of copper tube, large permanent magnets, sheets of aluminum foil, old iron tubes full of silicone(硅树脂) sealant(密封剂) together to construct a two and a half meters high intricate apparatus, putting a copper vertical hornon top. The horn, like the front of a large trumpet, was pointed towards the ceiling.Today was Edward’s twenty-second birthday, remembered only by the lovely Fiona, the Circulation Librarian. At lunchtime, Fiona had kissed him on the cheek in front of everybody in the tearoom. Edward had flushed crimson(深红色)with embarrassment.But now was the moment. He climbed the stepladder(活动梯子) and peered into the trumpet. The curved mirror at its base magnified his reflected image and he admired his golden curly hair and his green eyes, but loathed(讨厌) his big ears.Edward sipped on a glass of cheap soda and whispered, “Black holes are the mysteries of our universe. Everything that enters them never leaves——even light.” He had a collection of hardware items arranged near him so that he could throw them into the Black Hole and watch them disappear. Edward sat at the computer controls for the Black Hole Generator.“That’s one small step for a man…” Edward intoned(拖长音) and double-clicked on the start icon. There was a loud vibrating noise and a strange glaring effect in the horn. Edward didn’t realize that a simple software mistake had reversed the polarity(极性) of his black hold generator. Yes, he could seethat the interior of the horn was indeed the deepest, blackest thing that he had ever seen, but within the blackness he could soon make out sparkling points of every color imaginable. “Stars?” he thought just before he died. Within a few seconds, around a hundred million colorful ballpoint pens shot out of the horn, bounced off the roof and filled up the garage, spearing poor Edward to death. As every lost ballpoint pen in the world poured out of the black hole, the pressure blew the top off the garage and the mountain of pens continued to grow. Soon every lost sock in the world flew into the air from the trumpet, and covered the mountain of pens. Then a great number of shopping lists fluttered into the air, followed by an emission of lottery tickets, and train, tram, bus and concert tickets. This was followed by every letter, telegram and E-mail that had never arrived.Edward’s garage then collapsed as millions of metal keys shot out of the horn and rained down---lost front door keys, car keys and locker keys. The overflow continued as sewing needles, cuff(袖口) links, pencil sharpeners, razors and lost passports, followed by countless of pins.Can openers, bottle openers and corkscrews(开塞钻) were followed by sink plugs and remote controls. As these floodedover the local community, they were covered by clothes pegs(衣夹), the caps of toothpaste tubes and a flow of overdue(过期的) library books.A veritable(真正的) mountain of lost-receipts needed by the taxman was followed by every lost screw nut from a world of car engines, household appliances and technical instruments.As the city sagged(下陷) beneath the weight of all these lost things, millions of credit cards fluttered into the air and rained down.Edward would have been amazed, except that he was long dead. Finally, just before the black hole generator disappeared in a puff of smoke, every lost love in the history of the world was expelled into the air and rained down in an overflow of desolation.。

tongue-twisters英文绕口令

TONGUE TWISTERS
A big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood.
Blake's black bike's back brake bracket block broke.
How many cookies could a good cook cook
She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.
Six sick sea-serpents swam the seven seas.
பைடு நூலகம்
There those thousand thinkers were thinking how did the other three thieves go through.
How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? As much wood As a woodchuck would, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper Picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

介绍鲁迅先生的外貌真实数据英语作文

介绍鲁迅先生的外貌真实数据英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Lu Xun's Looks: The Real DataHey guys! Today I want to tell you all about the appearance of the famous Chinese writer Lu Xun. He's one of the most important figures in modern Chinese literature, so it's cool to know what he actually looked like.Let's start with his height. According to records, Lu Xun was around 5 feet 7 inches tall (170 cm). That's a pretty average height for a guy back in his day. Not too short, not too tall. Just right in the middle.Now let's talk about his build. From the old photos, it looks like Lu Xun had a slim, almost skinny build. He wasn't a bulky or muscular dude at all. More like a lean, intellectual type of body shape. I guess all that reading and writing didn't really build up his muscles!His face is probably what most people are curious about though. Lu Xun had a long face with high cheekbones. His eyeswere fairly large and looked very intelligent and deep. He had thick eyebrows that gave him kind of a serious expression.As for his nose, it was quite prominent and stuck out a bit. Not like a huge schnoz, but definitely not a tiny little nose either. Just right in the middle there too. And his lips were on the thin side from what I can see.One feature that really stood out was Lu Xun's mustache. He had this really thick, bushy mustache that curved down on the sides. It was dark in color and looked pretty wild and untamed, unlike those neat little mustaches some other guys had back then. His mustache gave him a very distinctive look for sure!Lu Xun's hairstyle was pretty simple. He kept his hair cut fairly short on the sides, but left some length on the top. From the old black and white pics, it looks like his hair was thick and a little wavy too. Not curly, but with just a slight wave to it. The color seemed to be a nice dark brown shade when he was younger.As Lu Xun got older though, his hair started turning grayish-white. By the time he was in his 50s and 60s, it had gone completely silvery gray. But he still kept that same basic hairstyle of short on the sides and a little longer on top even when it turned gray.One last thing to mention is Lu Xun's fashion sense. He seemed to prefer pretty basic, simple clothing from what I've seen. Just plain shirts or jackets along with some slacks or trousers. Nothing too fancy or over-the-top with his outfits. More of a no-nonsense, practical style of dress befitting a serious writer and thinker.So in summary, Lu Xun was an average height guy with a slim build, long face, big eyes, bushy mustache, and simple hairstyle and clothing style. He had kind of a stern, intellectual look about him from his facial features and grooming choices.Putting together all those physical details, you can really篇2Lu Xun's Looks - An Up-Close DescriptionHave you ever seen a picture of the famous writer Lu Xun? He looks pretty interesting, doesn't he? With his long robes, serious expression, and thin mustache, he reminds me of a wise old scholar from ancient China. But Lu Xun wasn't just any scholar - he was one of the greatest writers and thinkers of the 20th century!Even though Lu Xun lived a long time ago, we actually know quite a bit about what he looked like thanks to old photographs and descriptions from people who knew him. So let me give you all the details on Lu Xun's appearance, from the top of his head down to his feet!Let's start at the top with his hair. Lu Xun had thick, dark hair that was starting to gray later in his life. He usually wore it short with a neat parting on the side. His hairline was a little high too, showing off his broad forehead. I've heard some people describe his forehead as being "bulging" which sounds kind of funny!Moving down to his face, Lu Xun had a long face shape with high cheekbones. His eyes were quite deep-set and intense looking, giving him a very pensive and serious expression. Can you imagine those eyes staring at you while he was writing one of his famous stories? I might feel a little nervous!One of Lu Xun's most distinctive features was definitely his thin mustache. It wasn't a big, bushy mustache but more of a neatly trimmed one that curved down on the sides. The mustache along with his smooth chin made his mouth area look very defined and angular. Maybe that's why his words seemed so sharply crafted too!As for the rest of Lu Xun's face, he had a longish nose that looked quite prominent from the side view. His skin tone appeared sallow or yellowish, which makes sense since he spent a lot of time reading and writing indoors. I've also read that later in life, his face became even more gaunt and skinny due to illness.If you saw Lu Xun's full body, you'd notice he had a rather slim, almost frail build. He stood at around 5 feet 7 inches tall, which was a pretty average height for a man back then. In photos, Lu Xun is usually seen wearing a long robe or gown along with a jacket on top. The baggy clothes made his thin frame look even bonier!Even Lu Xun's hands looked delicate and spindly like an artist's hands. But of course those were the hands that created some of China's most influential literature of the 20th century. From his intense gaze and serious expression down to his slender fingers, every part of Lu Xun reflected the brilliant yet tormented soul of a true literary genius.While he may not have been a tall, imposing figure, there's no denying that Lu Xun left a huge imprint on Chinese culture and society. His words shook up countless minds and exposed injustice during an era of turmoil. Just from looking atphotographs of his face, you can feel the depth of thought and social criticism behind those furrowed brows and pursed lips.So the next time you see Lu Xun's image, I hope you no longer just see an old man in robes! Instead, picture that bony frame hunched over a desk, those long delicate fingers furiously scribbling down the bold words that would enlighten a nation. That thin mustache twitching in concentration as each line of poetry took shape.From his tousled graying hair down to his spindly hands, Lu Xun's looks mirrored a complex and profound mind. His iconic image reminds us that true greatness doesn't always come in an intimidating or glamorous package. Sometimes, a writer's power lies in his burning eyes, his weathered face, and the courage to shatter silence through the simplest tools - pen and paper.篇3What Lu Xun Really Looked LikeLu Xun was one of the greatest writers in Chinese history. He wrote many famous stories and essays that helped wake up China and make it stronger. But did you know he also had a really distinct and memorable appearance? Let me tell you all about what this famous author actually looked like in real life.First, let's talk about his face. Lu Xun had a long face with high cheekbones. His eyes were quite deep-set and looked very intense and serious. He had thick eyebrows that were slightly slanted. His nose was prominent and straight. Underneath his nose, he had a thin mustache that curved down at the ends. Some people say his mustache made him look a bit like a scholar from ancient times!Lu Xun's skin was on the darker side and looked very weathered, probably from spending a lot of time outdoors. He had quite a few wrinkles and lines on his face, especially around his eyes and mouth. This made him look older than his actual age.I guess writing all those important stories gave him a lot to think about!One of Lu Xun's most distinctive features was his shaved head. That's right, he was completely bald on top! Instead of hair, he just had a very smooth dome. Some people say his baldness made his face look even longer. Back in those days, it was pretty unusual for a famous writer to shave their head like that.Despite his baldness, Lu Xun did have some hair on the sides and back of his head. This hair was short but quite thick and wiry-looking. The hair framed the sides of his face and drew even more attention to his intense stare and serious expression.In photos, Lu Xun was usually dressed very simply in a plain shirt or robe. He didn't seem too concerned about fancy clothes or accessories. However, he did sometimes wear small round glasses that made him look even more intellectual and scholarly.Lu Xun stood at around 5 feet 7 inches tall, which was a pretty average height for a man back then. His build was on the slender side rather than big or bulky. Overall, his thin frame combined with his bald head and serious face gave him quite a distinct silhouette that was easy to recognize.Some people say that Lu Xun's appearance perfectly matched his bold writing style and progressive ideas. His shaved head made him look modern and rebellious against old traditions. His intense gaze and furrowed brow showed his passion for fighting injustice. And his simple clothing reflected his straightforward, no-nonsense personality.Whether you agree with that analysis or not, one thing is for sure - Lu Xun had a very striking and memorable look that matched his important place in Chinese culture. His face is stamped onto China's old 100 yuan banknote and his statues can be found all over the country.Even though his writing talents are much more important than his looks, I find Lu Xun's appearance fascinating too. Hisbold baldness, intense stare, and wiry hair frame make him look like someone you couldn't ignore or forget, just like his famous stories and ideas. Getting to know what a hero like Lu Xun actually looked like in the flesh helps bring his impressive life and work even more vividly to life.So there you have it - all the details on Lu Xun's distinct physical appearance according to old photos and descriptions. The next time you read one of his powerful stories, you can picture his resolute bald head, intense eyes, and wiry mustache, and imagine the depth of thought and passion that went into creating such influential writings. Lu Xun proved that you don't need hair to be an intellectual giant!篇4Lu Xun - The Man Behind the Iconic LookHi there! Today I want to tell you all about the famous writer Lu Xun and what he really looked like. Lu Xun was a super important person in Chinese literature and history. Even though he lived a long time ago, we still study his writings and stories in school today.Lu Xun's real name was actually Zhou Shuren. "Lu Xun" was just a pen name or nickname he used for his writing. He was bornway back in 1881 in a village called Shaoxing, which is in the Zhejiang province of China. Can you imagine living all the way back then? No smartphones, video games or anything!Even though he came from a scholar family, Lu Xun didn't have an easy childhood. His dad passed away when he was just a little kid. Sadly, his mom, two brothers and a sister-in-law also died when he was young. That's a lot of tough stuff to deal with as a child. Despite these really hard times, Lu Xun kept studying and working towards his dreams.Now let's talk about what Lu Xun actually looked like since that's the whole point of this essay! Based on the old photographs and descriptions from people who knew him, we can piece together a pretty good idea.Lu Xun was a man of average height, around 5 feet 6 inches tall. He had a slim, almost frail-looking build. This is probably because he dealt with ill health and poor living conditions for many years. In pictures, his body looks very lean without much muscle or weight on him.His face is what really stood out though. Lu Xun had a long, oval-shaped face with prominent, high cheekbones. His eyes were fairly large and slightly slanted, with a intense, focused gaze.Above his eyes were thick, arched eyebrows that gave him a serious, almost stern expression.Lu Xun's nose was distinctly aquiline, which means it had a prominent bridge and curved downwards. This aquiline nose combined with his high cheekbones created striking, chiseled features on his face. His lips were thin and his jawline was quite square and defined as well.In terms of his complexion, historical accounts describe Lu Xun's skin as being very pale, sallow and almost yellow-toned. This wan, unhealthy looking pallor was likely due to the poor nutrition and living conditions he experienced, along with chronic illnesses like respiratory issues.His hair and clothing style were quite iconic too. Lu Xun usually kept his black hair short on the sides but longer on the top, neatly parted down the middle. In old photographs, you can clearly see this signature hairstyle.As for his dress, Lu Xun seemed to favor basic, informal tunics and jackets in darker colors like navy blue or black. He often wore these loose-fitting tops with simple pants and cloth shoes. Lu Xun's clothing choices reflected his modest, humble character and interests.One final distinct feature was his thin, curved moustache and goatee on his chin area. These whiskers accentuated the angular lines and sharp look of Lu Xun's face even more. In portraits, his moustache and serious expression make him appear quite stern and intense.So in summary, the famous writer Lu Xun cut a fairly iconic figure with his lanky frame, pale complexion, arched brows, curved nose, thin moustache and simple clothing style. His intense gaze and serious demeanor seemed to reflect the tough challenges and turbulent eras he lived through.Despite his ordinary looks and humble backgrounds, Lu Xun used his powerful words and insightful writing to fight injustice and call for reforms in chinese society. His searing, satirical stories exposed harsh realities and outdated traditions that needed to change.While photographs can only capture someone's outer appearance, it was Lu Xun's inner resilience, passion for trut篇5What Lu Xun Looked LikeLu Xun was a really famous writer in China. He wrote lots of books and stories that taught people important lessons about life. Even though he lived a long time ago, we still read his work in school today because it is so meaningful.Have you ever wondered what Lu Xun actually looked like? Since he was such an influential person, there are quite a few pictures and descriptions of his appearance that have been recorded. Let me tell you all about his physical characteristics!Lu Xun had a fairly tall and thin build. According to records, he was around 5 feet 7 inches (170 cm) tall, which was considered quite tall for a man back in those days. Despite being a bit on the skinny side, he had broad shoulders that gave him a strong, sturdy frame.His face was long and oval-shaped, with high cheekbones that made his cheeks look a little hollow. He had a straight nose that was fairly prominent on his face. His skin tone was described as being fairly pale or light-colored.One of Lu Xun's most distinctive facial features were his intense, piercing eyes. They were large and rounded, with very thick eyebrows arching over top of them. His eyes had a serious, focused gaze that could almost feel like he was staring right through you sometimes!Lu Xun was also easily recognizable because of his hairstyle and mustache. He kept his hair neatly trimmed quite short on the sides, but left some length on top that was brushed back off his forehead. As he got older, his hair turned completely gray and white.But the most iconic part of his look was probably his mustache. Lu Xun had a very thick, bushy mustache that curved upwards on the sides. It was dark in color when he was younger, matching his black hair, but also turned fully gray and white later in life. His mustache was so famous that it's one of the first things people think of when they picture Lu Xun!Even though Lu Xun lived a pretty tough life for many years, he always dressed very properly and neatly. He typically wore traditional long robes and jackets, kept his hair and mustache well-groomed, and had a serious, no-nonsense expression on his face. This stern, scholarly look matched his personality as a deep thinker and social critic.In pictures, Lu Xun could seem quite intimidating at first glance because of his intense stare and furrowed brows. But many described him as having a warm, kind demeanor once you got to know him. His eyes could show compassion and there wasoften a slight smile peeking out from underneath that iconic mustache.While not a large, powerful-looking man, Lu Xun had a presence that commanded respect and attention when he entered a room. His serious gaze, traditional robes, scholarly mustache and gray hair gave him the wise, intellectual aura of a scholar and philosopher. Yet he also had an approachable, human side that allowed his personality and humanity to shine through.Lu Xun's physical appearance was merely the outer representation of the brilliant, insightful mind inside. But looking at photographs and descriptions of his distinctive face, mustache, clothing and mannerisms, we get a window into the character of one of China's most influential writers and thinkers. His iconic look is burned into Chinese culture and history forever.篇6My Favorite Writer - Lu Xun and His LooksLu Xun is my absolute favorite writer! He was born a long time ago in 1881 and sadly passed away in 1936, but his amazing stories and essays have lived on. I've read so many of his books like The True Story of Ah Q, Diary of a Madman, and VillageOpera. His writing is powerful and eye-opening about the struggles of the common people in old China. But what did this legendary literary giant actually look like in person? Let me tell you all about Lu Xun's appearance!From the old black and white photos, Lu Xun seemed like a serious man who didn't smile much. His face had a solemn expression with furrowed brows that made him look deep in thought all the time. I imagine he was constantly pondering life's injustices and turning them over in his brilliant mind to write about.Despite his serious demeanor, Lu Xun's facial features were quite friendly and approachable. He had a wide forehead and kind, intelligent eyes that appeared warm behind his round glasses. His nose was straight and prominent, complementing his overall refined look. Lu Xun kept his hair in a simple, tidy style popular in that era - short on the sides and brushed neatly back on top.One of the most distinctive parts of Lu Xun's appearance was his thin mustache. In old photos, you can see his pencil-like mustache draped over his upper lip, giving him a scholarly and almost bureaucratic appearance befitting an educated man ofhis stature. I've heard the mustache became one of Lu Xun's most recognizable trademarks!From the shoulders up, Lu Xun looked like a serious but kind-faced intellectual ready to share his progressive ideas through his pen. But what about the rest of him? Based on descriptions, Lu Xun was a man of average height, around 5 feet 6 inches tall. Not super tall, but not short either. His build was described as slender and lean, fitting for someone who spent long hours reading, writing, and teaching rather than performing physical labor.When I picture Lu Xun, I imagine him wearing a simple plain tunic or shirt along with trousers – the intellectual's casual clothes of the era. No fancy robes or decorations for this no-frills author. Simplicity was key for the voice speaking out for China's impoverished masses. I don't think he owned too many outfits either, as Lu Xun seemed to care little for material possessions and focused more on the life of the mind.Lu Xun tended to look disheveled and neglected his physical appearance, which makes sense considering he was consumed by his writing and education work. There are accounts of his hair being messy and unkempt at times, and his clothes looking wrinkled and well-worn. Can you imagine him excitedly runninghis hands through his hair as inspirations for stories hit him? Or maybe some tea stains on his shirt from long nights penning essays by lamplight? These little details make me feel closer to understanding Lu Xun the man behind the brilliant words.From reading his works, you can tell Lu Xun was a restless soul who traveled a lot seeking knowledge and new perspectives. He spent periods living in Beijing, Nanjing, Shaoxing, Xuzhou, Guangzhou and even studied abroad in Japan for many years in his youth. So his look may have changed slightly as his environment and situation shifted over the decades. Perhaps he looked a bit more stylish as a young student abroad, then grew into a more unkempt but wiser-looking writer in his final years.No matter where he went though, Lu Xun always maintained his signature minimalist dress and grooming. He didn't seem too fussed about outward appearances and materialism. What mattered most were the words flowing from his mind and heart out onto the page to awaken China's slumbering society. Lu Xun was a man driven by passion for social justice through the power of exposing reality in his literary works.While Lu Xun may have seemed unapproachable with his serious expression, I actually find his common, disheveled appearance quite relatable and comforting. He was no wealthyelite dripping in finery, but a humble man of the people. The son of a man who went bankrupt, Lu Xun knew struggle and hardship himself which fed into his empathy for the underclass.His ordinary looks made Lu Xun seem wise yet approachable, almost like a favorite uncle you could imagine sitting with, chain-smoking cigarettes as he shares his radical ideas to change the world through writing truth. I can picture him smiling warmly, his face crinkling up despite the wrinkles as he encourages me to also find my voice like he did.In the end, Lu Xun's true beauty shone not from his outward appearance, butfrom the brilliant words and searing social commentary burning withinside that serious-looking man. His literary works opened Chinese people's eyes to the bitter struggles and mistreatment of the poor and uneducated in that era. Lu Xun's unflinchingly honest depictions of problems like patriarchal oppression, superstition, and national identity during a turbulent time were truly revolutionary for their radical humanism.So while Lu Xun may have seemed like an ordinary, even scruffy-looking intellectual based on his simple appearance, he was an extraordinary revolutionary mind who forever transformed Chinese literature and society through hisgroundbreaking writing. His image of the unbought, unbossed truth-teller still inspires generations of readers and social critics today to fight injustice through the power of words and compassion.Lu Xun will always be my favorite writer because of the way he courageously represented the forgotten underclass and humanized those society looked down upon. And now thanks to old photos and descriptions, I can finally picture the man behind the mighty pen - a lean, serious-faced but kindhearted intellectual more concerned with ideas than outward appearances. Lu Xun's humble, unkempt trademark look actually makes me appreciate his literary achievements that much more. It's a reminder that true beauty and strength comes from having an enlightened, socially-conscious heart and mind...not just a superficial outer appearance.。

七年级英语作文介绍濒危动物范文

七年级英语作文介绍濒危动物范文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1Saving Our Amazing Animal FriendsHave you ever heard of the adorable panda bear? How about the majestic tiger or the strong and tall giraffe? These incredible animals are some of the most amazing creatures on Earth. But sadly, many of them are in danger of disappearing forever if we don't take action to protect them.An endangered species is an animal that has a very small population left in the wild. There are several reasons why some animal populations are decreasing so much that they become endangered. One of the biggest threats is habitat loss - when forests, jungles, and other natural areas are destroyed by humans for farming, building homes and roads, and other activities. This leaves many animals with nowhere to live, find food and water, and raise their babies safely.Another major danger to animals is poaching, which is when people illegally hunt them. Some animals are hunted for their fur, tusks, horns or other body parts that can be sold. Other times,animals are captured alive so they can be kept as pets or used in entertainment shows. This cruel treatment puts many species at risk.Pollution and climate change also make survival harder for many endangered species. Toxic chemicals polluting the air, water and land can sicken animals and destroy their food supplies. Rising temperatures are causing some habitats to change so rapidly that certain species cannot adapt quickly enough.There are thousands of endangered species around the world, and hundreds more are going extinct every year if nothing is done to save them. Here are some incredible yet threatened animals you should know about:Giant PandasThese black and white bears are well known for their distinctive markings and love of bamboo. Only around 1,800 giant pandas remain in the mountain forests of central China due to habitat loss.Black RhinocerosThese magnificent rhinos once roamed many parts of Africa, but their numbers plummeted from poaching for their valuablehorns. Under 6,000 black rhinos remain today in protected areas and reserves.Amur LeopardThese beautiful big cats have pale coat patterns that help them blend into the snowy forests of eastern Russia where they live. With only around 100 left in the wild, the Amur leopard is one of the most endangered species on the planet.Sea TurtlesSeveral kinds of sea turtles, like the green, hawksbill and loggerhead, are highly endangered. They face threats like becoming trapped in fishing nets, having their eggs poached from beaches, and losing nesting habitats to coastal development.Sumatran ElephantAs few as 2,400 of these gentle giants are left on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Their forest homes are being destroyed for logging and to create palm oil plantations. Many are also poached for their ivory tusks.Black-Footed FerretOne of North America's most endangered mammals, only around 300 black-footed ferrets live today after their populations were devastated by diseases that destroyed their prairie dog prey. Conservation efforts are being made to reintroduce them to the wild.These are just a few examples out of the countless amazing species under threat all over the world. From the tallest giraffes to the tiniest insects, so much of our planet's incredible biodiversity could vanish if we don't take action soon.But it's not too late! There are many things we can do to help endangered animals and protect the environment they need to survive:• Support organizations working to conserve wildlife and habitats• Be careful about using hars h chemicals and disposing of waste properly• Reduce your consumption of products made from endangered animals• Recycle and try to reduce your use of plastics• Get involved with beach cleanups or park restoration efforts• Learn about endangered species and share what you know with others• Support companies taking steps to be environmentally friendly• Vote for leaders who make protecting nature a priorityJust by making some small changes to our daily habits and being more aware of how our actions impact plants and animals, every one of us can help make a big difference. These incredible endangered species need our help if we want to make sure they'll be around for our own children and grandchildren to appreciate one day.Endangered animals are not just amazing to look at - many of them also play critical roles in the environments where they live. They help keep ecosystems balanced and healthy. Losing these precious creatures would be a tragic loss that could impact our whole planet.I hope learning about these endangered species has inspired you to care about protecting them and their habitats. We're all part of the amazing environment of planet Earth, so it's up to us to be good stewards and take care of it and all its inhabitants. Let's work together to make sure future generations canexperience the beauty and wonder of endangered animals like pandas, rhinos, elephants and so many more. Our incredible animal friends need us now more than ever before.篇2Endangered Animals are Super Cool!Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about some really awesome but sadly endangered animals. Endangered just means there aren't many of them left in the wild which is a big bummer. But don't worry, I'm going to introduce you to a few and let you know why they're so great - and why we gotta protect them!First up, let's talk about the giant panda! These cuddly looking bears are pretty much the cutest things ever. They have those distinct black patches around their eyes and ears which makes them look like they're wearing a mask. So cool! Pandas mostly just hang out munching on bamboo in the mountain forests of central China. They're total lazy buddies and can sleep for like, 12 hours a day! How relaxing does that sound?Even though pandas seem totally chill, they're considered endangered due to things like habitat loss and low birth rates. In fact, there are only around 1,800 pandas left in the wild! We can't let these lovable goofs go extinct. Everyone should put picturesof pandas all over to spread awareness of how awesome yet threatened they are.Next, let me tell you about the powerful and majestic tiger! Don't they just look like the kings and queens of the jungle? Tigers are the largest wild cats on the planet - they can grow over 10 feet long from head to tail! And thanks to their iconic orange and black stripes, they just ooze coolness. I mean, what other animal has such a striking pattern? Tigers truly are one of a kind.Sadly, these big cuddly kitties are endangered too. There are only around 3,900 tigers left in the wild due to poaching (people illegally hunting them) and habitat destruction. It's so not fair! Tigers are the top predators in their environment which means they're super important for the ecosystem. We have to do everything possible to make sure they never go extinct.How about we move from land to sea and talk about the incredible whale shark? These massive fellas are the biggest fish species on Earth, often growing over 40 feet long! That's like a school bus with fins and a massive mouth. They're super cool looking too with that unique spotted pattern.Despite their huge size, whale sharks are totally gentle giants. They just swim around with their big old mouths open, casuallygulping plankton and krill. They don't have any teeth at all so they're no threat to humans at all. I'd love to snorkel or dive with these majestic creatures someday.Unfortunately, whale sharks are considered endangered due to issues like excessive fishing and habitat loss from climate change. There are probably only around 100,000 or less left in the wild. That may seem like a lot but it's not nearly enough to sustain a global population. We need to protect them through conservation efforts before it's too late!Okay, now let's talk about a reeeeally bizarre looking animal - the pangolin! Have you ever seen one of these little dudes before? Pangolins are like the armadillos of Asia and Africa, but they have large scaly plates made of keratin covering their bodies from head to tail. This scaly armor protects them when threatened and also allows them to roll up into a super tight ball. They look like little pinecones when curled up - it's both fascinating and adorable!But despite how cute and unique pangolins are, they are considered one of the most trafficked and endangered mammals on the planet. There are only around 180,000 left and their numbers continue to rapidly decline. This is because of poaching for things like their meat, skin, and scales which are used intraditional Chinese medicine. It's so sad that these special little guys are being hunted to the brink of extinction! More people need to know about pangolins so we can save them.Last but definitely not least, let me introduce you to the incredible kakapo - a type of parrot from New Zealand. These goofy looking guys are the heaviest and only flightless parrots in the world! How quirky is that? Kakapos pretty much look like adorable feathery potatoes with beaks and wings. With their round, waddling shape and bright colors, it's impossible not to smile when seeing them.Kakapos are endangered mostly due to predators like cats, rats, and other invasive species that were introduced to New Zealand. There are only around 200 left and they require huge efforts for conservation from organizations like the Kakapo Recovery Program. Things are looking up for kakapos now but they remain one of the world's most endangered species. We have to keep doing everything possible to save these hilarious little weirdos!So there you have it - five super cool yet endangered species that we all need to care about and protect. From the cute and cuddly panda to the massive and majestic whale shark to the bizarre but lovable pangolin and kakapo, so much incrediblewildlife is under threat. It's up to all of us to learn about these amazing animals and support efforts to conserve their habitats and populations. We can't afford to let any of them go extinct! Endangered animals rule!篇3Endangered Animals - Our Friends That Need Our HelpHi everyone! My name is Tommy and I'm a 7th grader. Today I want to tell you all about endangered animals. These are animals that are at risk of going extinct or disappearing from the planet forever. Isn't that really sad? I love animals, and the thought of some amazing creatures no longer existing makes me want to cry.But we can actually do something about it! By learning about endangered species and why they are threatened, we can take action to protect them. After all, animals are our friends and they need our help. So let's dive into the topic of endangered animals together!What Does "Endangered" Mean?When an animal is endangered, it means there are very few of that species still alive in the wild. Scientists classify animals into different categories based on how threatened they are:Least Concern - Doing ok, lots of them aroundNear Threatened - Could be endangered soonVulnerable - Population is decreasingEndangered - Very few left in the wildCritically Endangered - Extremely high risk of extinctionExtinct in the Wild - No members surviving in their natural habitatExtinct - Sadly, the species no longer exists at allThe most endangered animals are those classified as endangered, critically endangered, or extinct in the wild. These are the buddies we really need to look out for!Why Are Animals Endangered?There are a few main reasons why animals become endangered:Habitat Loss - This is a huge problem. When forests are cut down, wetlands are drained, etc., animals lose the homes where they live and find food. With nowhere to go, their populations decline.Hunting/Poaching - Some animals are hunted illegally for things like their fur, tusks, or body parts used in traditional medicine. This threatens many rhinos, elephants, tigers and other magnificent creatures.Climate Change - As the planet warms, it's disrupting the environments animals rely on to survive. Arctic animals like polar bears are really struggling.Pollution/Contamination - Toxins and plastics getting into the oceans, rivers and environment threaten dolphins, sea turtles, whales and many other marine animals. Interference - When we introduce invasive species, disturb nesting grounds, or bother animals in other ways, it puts a strain on endangered populations.So in a nutshell, a lot of the threats to animals are caused by humans. But that also means we can do things to help protect them!Some Really Cool Endangered AnimalsNow I want to introduce you to some amazing endangered animals around the world. Get ready to maybe cry happy tears because these guys are so awesome:Giant Pandas - These cuties are beloved around the world, but there are less than 2,000 left in the mountain forests of central China. Pandas are endangered due to habitat loss from deforestation and very low birth rates. Let's help save the pandas!Amur Leopards - This ultra-rare big cat is one of the most endangered in the world, with only around 100 remaining in the wild. These spotted leopards live in the forests of eastern Russia and face threats from poaching and habitat loss. Look at those big paws!Vaquita - The vaquita is a tiny porpoise (like a little dolphin) that lives in the Gulf of California. With just 10 or so left, it is the most endangered marine mammal on Earth. They get trapped and suffocate in fishing nets. I'm not crying, you're crying!Black Rhinos - These armored dudes look so cool and prehistoric. Sadly, their numbers dropped dramatically from poaching for their horns. Now protections are helping black rhino populations slowly recover in Africa, but they're still very threatened.Kakapo - This plump, flightless parrot is found only in New Zealand. The kakapo is unique for being the heaviest parrot and having a very funny mating ritual dance. But with just around 200left, these silly birds need our help surviving invasive predators and habitat loss.Those are just a few of the thousands of endangered species around the globe. Each one is unique and incredible in its own way. We have to do what we can to protect them!How Can We Help Endangered Animals?The best thing we can do is learn about which animals are endangered and why. Once we understand the threats, we can take action such as:•Reduce, reuse, recycle - Cut down on plastic pollution and energy that contributes to climate change•Be responsible consumers - Don't buy products made from endangered animals and avoid excessive palm oil that destroys rainforests•Get involved - Join a conservation group, sign petitions, attend events to raise awareness•Financial support - Donate to wildlife organizations working to protect habitats and species•Speak up - Write letters, lobby leaders, spread the word about endangered animals you care aboutEvery little bit helps when it comes to conservation. We're all part of this planet, and by looking out for our endangered animal friends, we're helping to keep the world an amazing, diverse place.Endangered species might seem like a big, overwhelming topic. But we can make a difference, one recycled bottle, one petition signature, one wildlife donation at a time. I hope after reading this, you've learned just how important and incredible endangered animals are. Let's all work together to save the giants, the underdogs, the oddballs - every single one of Earth's endangered species. They're counting on us to be their heroes!篇4Saving the Endangered AnimalsHey friends! Today I want to talk to you about something really important - endangered animals. These are animals that are at risk of going extinct or disappearing from the Earth forever. Isn't that just so sad? I love animals and I can't imagine our world without them.There are lots of different animals that are endangered. Some you might have heard of like pandas, tigers, and elephants. But there are so many others too - rhinos, gorillas, sea turtles,whales, and many types of birds and frogs. The reasons why they are endangered are mainly because of things that humans have done to the environment.One big problem is habitat loss. This means that the homes where the animals live are being destroyed or taken over. Like if a forest gets cut down for a new shopping mall or houses. The animals that lived there have nowhere to go. Their shelter and food sources are gone. This happens a lot for animals that need large areas to roam and find food.Another issue is poaching. This is when people illegally hunt animals, often for things like their fur, tusks, or horns that can be sold. Even though it's against the law, some greedy people still do it because they can make money. Rhinos are heavily poached for their horns and elephants for their tusks. It's just terrible.Pollution and climate change cause problems too. Pollution in the air, water, and land makes it hard for animals to survive. Rising temperatures mess up the seasons and make food harder to find. Polar bears are really struggling because the ice they live on is melting from the warmer global temperatures.It's honestly pretty depressing to think about so many beautiful creatures disappearing from the Earth. But we can't justgive up! There are things we can do to help protect endangered species.Governments can make laws to punish poachers and protect animal habitats from being destroyed. Wildlife reserves and national parks can be created as safe spaces. Careful management is needed to make sure there are enough resources like food, water, and breeding areas.Scientists and conservationists work really hard to study endangered species and come up with plans to help them. They can breed animals and re-introduce them to the wild. Or move groups to new habitats if their old ones are too damaged.Even regular people like you and me can do our part. We can reduce our pollution by driving and flying less, recycling, and using less plastic. At home we can conserve water and electricity. When we go shopping, we can avoid products made from endangered animals and choose sustainable alternatives instead.Educating others is important too. We can learn about endangered species and share what we know. Maybe you can even do a school project or put on a play about the importance of protecting wildlife. Use your voice and creativity to spread awareness!I really hope that by working together, we can save endangered animals from going extinct. Just imagine how tragic it would be to live in a world with no more elephants, tigers, or blue whales. We need to appreciate the amazing biodiversity on our planet and do everything we can to protect it.These incredible animals are a precious part of nature that we're so lucky to share the Earth with. They have just as much right to exist as humans do. We can't be selfish and cruel by destroying their homes and killing them off. It's our responsibility to be good caretakers of the environment.So let's all make a promise to do better - for the pandas, whales, frogs, and all the other endangered friends out there who can't speak up for themselves. Working together, I'm confident we can create a future where these amazing animals don't just survive, but thrive! Let's save our endangered species!篇5My Love for Endangered AnimalsHi there! My name is Tommy and I'm going to tell you all about endangered animals today. Endangered animals are types of animals that are at risk of going extinct or disappearing from the planet forever. There aren't very many of them left in theworld. I think endangered animals are super cool and we need to do everything we can to protect them!One of my favorite endangered animals is the giant panda. Giant pandas are these really cute black and white bears that live in the bamboo forests of China. They have round bodies, a white face with black patches around the eyes, black ears, and a short stubby tail. Giant pandas mostly just eat bamboo, which is a type of plant. Can you imagine only eating one food your whole life? I'd get so bored!The main reasons giant pandas are endangered is because their forest homes are being destroyed by humans cutting down trees and building roads and buildings. This makes it harder for pandas to find bamboo to eat and places to live. There are only around 1,800 giant pandas left in the wild, which is not very many at all. If we don't protect their homes, they could go extinct within our lifetimes!Another awesome endangered animal is the snow leopard. Snow leopards are these big spotted cats that live in the mountains of Central Asia like in Nepal, India, and Pakistan. They are whitish-gray with black rosette markings on their fur to help them blend in with the rocky landscapes. Snow leopards havereally thick fur coats to keep them warm in the freezing cold temperatures where they live up in the mountains.Snow leopards are called the "ghosts of the mountains" because they are so good at staying hidden and are rarely seen by humans. It's estimated there are only between 3,900 to 6,400 snow leopards left in the wild! The biggest threats they face are poaching (illegal hunting) and habitat loss from mining and overgrazing by livestock. We need better laws to punish poachers and protect the snow leopards' mountain habitats.One more amazing endangered animal is the mountain gorilla. Mountain gorillas are a type of great ape that lives in the forests of central Africa, in countries like Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Male mountain gorillas are huge and can weigh up to 400 pounds! But despite their massive size, these gorillas are gentle vegetarians that only eat plants and bamboo.There are only about 1,000 mountain gorillas remaining in the wild because of poaching, habitat loss from human settlement, and diseases like Ebola spreading to the gorillas. Conservation efforts like enforcing national park laws and providing security from poachers and militia groups have helpedincrease the mountain gorilla population a little bit. But we still need to be really careful to protect these incredible animals.Those are just three examples of incredible endangered animals from around the world. There are so many other species at risk too like rhinos, tigers, sea turtles, whales, and so many more. We absolutely have to do everything we can to save endangered animals and their habitats! Here are some of the things I think we should do:First, we need to create more national parks and wildlife reserves that are protected areas where endangered animals can live safely without their homes being destroyed. Park rangers can patrol these areas and stop any illegal poaching or deforestation. If we don't make room for animals to live, they'll have nowhere to go!Second, we have to crack down harder on illegal poaching and trafficking of endangered animals and animal products like ivory, rhino horns, tiger bones, and more. Poaching should be an extremely serious crime with huge fines and jail time. We have to make poachers pay for killing endangered species.Third, I think we need to better educate people around the world about why protecting endangered species is important. These animals are incredible and play vital roles in theirecosystems and environments. They deserve to live and thrive, not go extinct.Finally, we should all try to reduce our impact on the environment in general by using less energy, producing less pollution and waste, and generally being kinder to the planet. The more we destroy and pollute natural habitats, the worse it is for all species, including endangered animals.Please join me in caring about and working to protect endangered animals! Write letters to your political leaders, raise money for conservation groups, reduce your environmental impact, and spread awareness. We only have one planet with finite species - once they're gone, they're gone forever. Let's not let that happen on our watch! Endangered animals are too amazing and important to let disappear. Thanks for reading, and save the animals!。

介绍最喜欢的动物英语作文长劲鹿50字

介绍最喜欢的动物英语作文长劲鹿50字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Favorite Animal: The Pronghorn AntelopeHave you ever seen an animal that looks kind of like a deer but isn't one? That's how I felt the first time I saw a pronghorn antelope! These cool creatures are my absolute favorite animal.Pronghorns are found in the wide open spaces of North America, like the prairies and deserts. They live in herds and can run really, really fast - up to 55 miles per hour! That makes them the second fastest land animal after the cheetah. Their big eyes on the sides of their head help them spot predators like coyotes from far away.When I first learned about pronghorns, I thought the name was kind of funny. It comes from their black horns that have a prong sticking out. The males use their horns to fight over female mates. The horns aren't just for fighting though - pronghorns can shed and regrow their horns every year! How cool is that?Pronghorns have some other weird traits that make them really unique. Even though they look like deer, they are actually more closely related to antelopes and goats. Their scientific name is Antilocapra americana, which means "Americangoat-antelope." Pronghorns are the only living members of the Antilocapridae family too. That means they don't have any close living relatives! Pretty special if you ask me.Another crazy fact is that pronghorns have white strips of fur on their backsides. When they run away and bounce up and down, the strips flashing make it look like they are waving a white flag! I bet that helps warn the rest of the herd that there is danger. Pronghorns also have special abilities when it comes to having babies. Unlike deer, pronghorn moms can have twins or triplets. And get this - baby pronghorns can stand up just 30 minutes after being born! Talk about being ready to run.I really admire pronghorns for being such fast, hardy survivors. They can go long periods without water by getting moisture from plants. In the winter, they dig through snow to find food. Pronghorns have roamed the open lands of North America for over a million years. That's way before humans came along! When settlers first arrived, there may have been up to 40 million pronghorns across the continent. Sadly, overhuntingcaused their numbers to plummet to just 13,000 by the early 1900s. Thanks to conservation efforts though, pronghorn populations have rebounded to over 1 million today. I'm glad people realized how special these animals are and helped protect them.If I could have any animal as a pet, I would definitely want a pronghorn. Of course, they probably wouldn't make very good house pets! Pronghorns need lots of wide open space to run free.A zoo wouldn't be ideal for them either since they are used to migrating long distances. The best place for pronghorns is in big national parks and protected areas out West. Places like Yellowstone, Grand Teton, and Wind Cave national parks have big herds of pronghorns.I was lucky enough to see pronghorns in person on a trip to the Black Hills of South Dakota last summer. Our family was driving down the highway when all of a sudden, a whole herd of pronghorns came running across the road! We pulled over and I got to watch them bound away into the hills. I'll never forget how fast they could run and how their white butts kept flashing. It was like they were waving goodbye with their tails!I hope I can go see pronghorns again sometime soon. They are just such amazing, one-of-a-kind animals. With theirincredible speed, odd looks, and interesting behaviors, pronghorns are living proof that nature is full of wonders. We are so lucky to share this planet with creatures as cool and resilient as the pronghorn antelope.篇2My Favorite Animal: The CheetahHi! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about my favorite animal - the cheetah! Cheetahs are the fastest land animals in the world. They can run super fast, up to 70 miles per hour! That's almost as fast as a car on the highway.Cheetahs are big cats that live in Africa and some parts of the Middle East. They are covered in tan fur with lots of black spots all over their bodies. The spots help them blend in with the tall grass and bushes where they live. This camouflage lets them sneak up on their prey without being seen.What do cheetahs eat? They are carnivores, which means they only eat meat. Their favorite foods are small antelopes and other hoofed animals that live on the great African plains. A cheetah will stalk its prey, getting as close as possible. Then it willsprint after its prey, knocking it down with its strong paws and sharp claws before biting it with its powerful jaws.Even though cheetahs are big cats, they can't roar like lions can. Instead, they make high-pitched chirping noises to communicate. They also purr like smaller house cats do. One really cool thing about cheetah cubs is that they are born with fuzzy gray fur that has darker long spots called "mantle" markings to help camouflage them. These special markings disappear once they become adults.Did you know that cheetahs are the only big cats that can't retract their claws all the way back into their paws? Their claws are always at least partially sticking out. This is because they use their claws like cleats to help them run faster and make quicker turns when chasing prey. Their non-retractable claws give them amazing traction.Sadly, cheetahs are endangered animals. There are only about 7,000 left in the wild in Africa and Iran. One reason they are endangered is that they have a very difficult time breeding in captivity. Cheetahs also face a lot of threats in the wild like habitat loss, hunters, and farmers who want to protect their livestock from cheetah attacks. A lot of conservation work is being done to protect these incredible cats.I really, really hope that cheetahs never go extinct! I would be absolutely heartbroken if these amazing, speedy cats disappeared from the planet. I'm lucky that I have been able to see cheetahs in person at the zoo and wildlife safari parks. But my dream is to one day go on an African safari and watch a cheetah sprint across the open plains at top speed while chasing its prey. That would be such an incredible sight to see.Cheetahs are my favorite animal because of how beautiful they are, how fast they can run, and what great hunters they are.I love learning all about their special abilities and behaviors that help them thrive. Of all the big cats, I think cheetahs are definitely the most unique and fascinating. They are just the coolest, speediest cats ever!I really hope you enjoyed learning about my favorite amazing animal - the cheetah! Thanks for reading my report. I had a lot of fun writing it and teaching you some awesome cheetah facts. Let me know if you love cheetahs as much as I do. See you later!篇3My Favorite Animal: The Pronghorn AntelopeHave you ever seen an animal that looks like a mix between a deer and a goat? That's the pronghorn antelope, and it's my absolute favorite animal! These awesome creatures are found in the grasslands and deserts of North America, and they're super cool.First of all, pronghorns are incredibly fast! They can run at speeds of up to 55 miles per hour, which makes them the second-fastest land animal in the world, right after the cheetah. Can you imagine running that fast? I can barely keep up with my dog when we're playing fetch!But what's even cooler is how pronghorns can outrun predators like coyotes and wolves. You see, when they're being chased, they don't just run in a straight line. Instead, they zig-zag and make sharp turns that their predators can't match. It's like they're playing a crazy game of tag, and the pronghorns always win!Another thing I love about pronghorns is their amazing eyesight. Their eyes are huge, and they can see almost all the way around them without even turning their heads! That means they can spot any danger coming from any direction. It's like having eyes in the back of their heads.Pronghorns also have some pretty neat features that help them survive in the harsh deserts and grasslands where they live. Their bodies are covered in a special kind of hair that helps them stay cool in the hot sun and warm in the cold nights. And their hooves are designed to help them run across rocky and sandy terrain without getting tired.But my favorite part about pronghorns has to be their horns. Both the males and females have these cool-looking horns that curve back towards their bodies. The horns aren't just for show, though. The males use them to fight over mates during the breeding season, and the females use them to defend their babies from predators.Speaking of babies, pronghorn fawns are just about the cutest things ever! They're born with their eyes open and their legs ready to run, which is a good thing because their moms only take care of them for a few weeks. After that, the fawns have to fend for themselves, but they're tough little guys and can outrun most predators right from the start.I could go on and on about pronghorns all day, but I'll wrap things up by saying that these animals are truly amazing. They're fast, tough, and have all sorts of cool adaptations that help them survive in their environment. Plus, they're just really fun to watch,whether they're running, grazing, or just hanging out with their herds.If you ever get the chance to see pronghorns in the wild, you should definitely take it. Trust me, you'll be amazed by these incredible animals, just like I am!篇4My Favorite Animal - The PronghornDo you know what my favorite animal is? It's the pronghorn! The pronghorn is a really cool animal that lives right here in North America. Some people call them pronghorn antelope, but they aren't actually antelopes at all. Pronghorns are the last surviving members of an ancient family that branched off from other hoofed mammals millions of years ago. How neat is that?Pronghorns are super unique animals. They have awesome horns that are different from any other animal's horns or antlers. The males have thick, black horns that curve backwards and have a cool prong sticking out about a third of the way up. That's where they get their name "pronghorn" from! The females have thinner, straighter horns without the prong. Their horns are made of hair over a bony core, and they shed and regrow them every year like deer shed their antlers.One of the coolest things about pronghorns is that they are the fastest hoofed animals in the Western Hemisphere. They can run at blazing speeds up to 55 miles per hour! That's almost as fast as a cheetah. Their big eyes are set far back on their heads so they have incredible vision that lets them spot predators from far away. When they see danger, they take off in a burst of speed, bouncing up and down with all four hooves bunched together. It looks so funny and cool!Pronghorns live in the wide open spaces of the prairies, deserts, and grasslands of western North America. They eat prairie grasses, flowering plants, sagebrush, and other vegetation. In the winter when food is scarce, they survive by scraping away snow with their hooves to find tasty plants hiding underneath. They have a funny looking throat patch called a "prize patch" that is made of thick hair designed to plow through snow. Isn't that clever?Mother pronghorns are excellent parents. When it's time to give birth, the pregnant females gather together in big birthing colonies for safety. After the babies are born, all the mothers take turns watching over and protecting each other's fawns while the other moms go off to eat. If a predator like a coyote approaches, the guard mothers make wheezing alarm calls toscare it away. The tiny fawns can start running just a few hours after being born! How adorable is that?I love seeing big herds of pronghorns bounding across the open fields and prairies near where I live. Their white rumps flash as they leap gracefully with those huge strides of their spindly legs. Sometimes the males get in fights by ramming their horns together, twisting and shoving to determine who is the dominant buck. It's so fun to watch!Sadly, pronghorn populations have declined a lot due to hunting and habitat loss over the past few centuries. They used to roam widely across the western United States and Mexico, but now their range is much smaller. That's why it's important that we protect the open grassland habitats where pronghorns live so they have room to roam and graze. Conservation groups are working hard to maintain migration corridors and overpasses that allow pronghorns to safely travel between their seasonal habitats.I hope that pronghorn numbers will grow again so everyone can experience the thrill of spotting these awesome animals speeding across the landscape. With their cool horns, crazy speed, and adorable fawns, pronghorns are definitely one of the most unique and amazing hoofed mammals around. They havebeen roaming the plains of North America for over a million years, and I hope they'll still be here for millions more!篇5My Favorite Animal - The PronghornHi there! Today I want to tell you all about my favorite animal - the pronghorn! Pronghorns are the coolest animals ever. They are also called prairie antelopes or Prairie Mustangs.Pronghorns are super fast runners. They can run up to 55 mph! That's almost as fast as a cheetah. They are the second fastest land animal in the world after the cheetah. Isn't that amazing? I wish I could run that fast!Pronghorns have really cool horns. The males have big black horns that curve all the way around their heads. The horns aren't made of bone though, they are made of hair! How crazy is that? The horns are actually made from thousands of little hollow hairs that grow super close together. No other animal has horns like that.Pronghorns have big eyes and can see almost all the way around them without even moving their heads. That helps them watch out for predators that might try to attack them. Their eyesare also really good at seeing movement from far away. They can spot a coyote or wolf coming from a mile away!Pronghorns are really good jumpers too. They can jump up to 6 feet high! That's as tall as a grown-up. They use their jumping skills to hop over fences and bushes when they are running on the prairie. Kangaroos better watch out!Baby pronghorns are called fawns. The fawns are so cute! When they are first born, they can already walk and run a little bit. That's so they can keep up with their moms if they need to run away from a predator. Smart little fawns!Pronghorns live in big herds on the open prairies and grasslands in the western parts of North America. They eat grasses, plants, fruits, and seeds that they find on the ground. They don't eat meat at all. Some places they live are Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, and northern Mexico.In the winter, the pronghorns will eat cactus pads and rabbit brush to get nutrients when the grass and plants are buried under snow. They have special stomachs that can digest prickly cactus! Pronghorns don't need to drink much water either since they get a lot of moisture from the plants they eat.Pronghorns are pretty social animals. During the spring and summer, they hang out in small herds of 10-40 pronghorns. In the fall, they come together into huge herds of hundreds of pronghorns! Can you imagine seeing hundreds of pronghorns all running together? That would be so cool!The males, called bucks, battle each other during mating season by ramming their horns together. They also make crazy snorting and wheezing sounds when they fight. After mating season, the bucks leave their winter herd and join a bachelor herd with just other males.Unfortunately, people used to hunt pronghorns way too much. Their numbers got really small and they almost went extinct in the 1900s. Thanks to conservation efforts though, there are now around 500,000 pronghorns living in the wild! That makes me super happy.Pronghorns are my favorite animal because they are fast, have funny horns, can jump really high, live in big herds, and are just all-around awesome prairie creatures. If you ever get to see one in real life, you'll know why they are the coolest animal ever! That's the end of my essay about pronghorns. Thanks for reading all about my favorite animal! Let me know if you like pronghorns too after learning about them. See ya!篇6My Favorite Animal: The GazelleI love animals! They are so cute and fun to watch. My favorite animal of all is the gazelle. Gazelles are these really cool antelopes that live in Africa and parts of Asia. They are super fast runners and can jump really high too!There are different types of gazelles, but my favorite kind is the dorcas gazelle. Dorcas gazelles are named after a woman from the Bible who was known for being very kind. These gazelles have tan coats that are a little reddish on top. Their bellies are white. They have really big eyes and long legs for running fast. The males have cute lyre-shaped horns that curve back towards their bodies.Gazelles live in dry, open areas like deserts and grasslands. They travel together in herds of anywhere from just a few gazelles to over 100! The herds help protect them from predators like lions, leopards, and cheetahs that want to eat them. When a predator comes near, one gazelle will make a loud alarm snort to warn everyone else. Then they all take off running in different directions, using their blazing speed and agility to try to escape.Gazelles are incredibly fast! A gazelle can run up to 60 miles per hour for short bursts. That's almost as fast as a cheetah, the fastest land animal. Not only are they super speedy, but gazelles are excellent jumpers too. They can leap over obstacles up to 3 meters (almost 10 feet) high from a standing start! This helps them escape predators and jump over bushes and ditches as they're running.Even though they're great runners, gazelles can't keep sprinting for very long before getting exhausted. Their strategy is to make a short, intense getaway and then hide somewhere until the danger passes. Once they think the predator is gone, the gazelles regroup by making special sounds to locate each other again.Gazelles mostly eat grass, leaves, shoots, fruit, and herbs that grow on the ground. Sometimes they nibble on acacia tree branches too. They don't need to drink much water since they get a lot of moisture from the plants they eat. Gazelles are ruminants, which means they chew a cud of partly digested food that comes back up from their first stomach pouch. This lets them keep eating while moving around to stay safe.Baby gazelles are called calves or fawns. They are born after a pregnancy of around 6 months. Right after being born, agazelle calf can already stand up and walk a little! The moms hide their babies alone in some bushes or tall grass for the first few weeks. The mom comes back a few times per day to allow the calf to nurse on her milk. This helps protect the calf from predators while it is very tiny and defenseless.My favorite things about gazelles are how cute they look with their big eyes and bouncy movements, but also how fast and agile they are. I've seen videos of them jumping straight up over 6 feet in the air from a standing start! That's almost as tall as me. Gazelles are such graceful, athletic animals. I would love to have one as a pet someday, but I know they are wild animals that need to roam free across the open plains.Maybe when I grow up, I can be a wildlife conservationist or work at an African safari park. That way I could help protect gazelle habitats and see these amazing animals up close every day. For now, I just like learning all I can about gazelles and sharing fun facts about them with my friends and family. Aren't gazelles just the coolest?。

黑布林英语好句子

黑布林英语好句子The black plum is a fruit that holds a special place inmy heart, not only for its sweet and tangy taste but also for the memories it brings.As a child, I remember eagerly picking black plums fromthe old tree in our backyard. Each plump fruit was a treasure, its skin glistening in the sun.The taste of a ripe black plum is a symphony of flavors. The first bite reveals a burst of sweetness, followed by a subtle tartness that lingers on the tongue, inviting another bite.In the summer months, black plums are a staple at family gatherings. They're often found in homemade jams, pies, and even as a refreshing addition to salads.The color of black plums is as captivating as theirflavor. They range from deep purple to almost black, a rich hue that speaks of the sun's warmth and the earth's bounty.Preserving black plums is an art passed down through generations. The process involves careful selection, gentle boiling, and a patient wait for the flavors to meld together.The aroma of black plums is just as enticing as their taste. It's a scent that can transport you to a warm summer'sday, surrounded by the laughter of loved ones.Black plums are not just a fruit; they are a symbol of tradition and a connection to the past. Each bite is a reminder of the simple joys that life has to offer.In conclusion, the black plum is more than a delicious treat; it's a cherished part of our cultural heritage, a reminder to savor the sweetness of life.。

Fermion Scattering off Dilatonic Black Holes

a rXiv:h ep-th/94532v12M a y1994SINP/TNP/94-05hep-th/9405032Fermion scattering oﬀdilatonic black holes A.Ghosh and P.Mitra 1Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Block AF,Bidhannagar Calcutta 700064,INDIA Abstract The scattering of massless fermions oﬀmagnetically charged dila-tonic black holes is reconsidered and a violation of unitarity is found.Even for a single species of fermion it is possible for a particle to disappear into the black hole with its information content.In recent years there has been a lot of interest in the physics of black holes.The issue which has engaged the attention of most workers is that of possible information loss.Matter falling into a black hole carries some information with it.This becomes inaccessible to the rest of the world,but may in principle be supposed to be stored insidethe black hole in some sense.A problem arises when the black hole evaporates through the process of Hawking radiation.The information does seem to be lost now [1].Although there have been attempts at studying this problem in its full complexity [2],most authors have considered simpliﬁed models of black holes as in [3,4];see [5]for a review.We shall consider the extremal magnetically charged black hole solution of dilatonic gravity.This is a four dimensional model involving an extra ﬁeld –the dila-ton –but for s-wave scattering of particles in the ﬁeld of this black hole,the angular coordinates are not relevant and a two dimensionaleﬀective action can be used[6].If the energies involved are not too high,the metric and the dilatonﬁeld can be treated as external clas-sical quantities and an amusing version of electrodynamics emerges, where the kinetic energy of the gaugeﬁeld has a position dependent coeﬃcient[7].The scattering of massless fermions has been considered in this context.The model admits a solution which is very close to the con-ventional solution of the Schwinger model,i.e.,two dimensional mass-less electrodynamics.In this solution,there is a massive free particle, but in the present case its mass becomes position dependent[7,8]. To be precise,the mass vanishes near the mouth of the black hole but increases indeﬁnitely as one goes into the throat.(The dilatonicﬁeld increases linearly with distance in the throat.)This is interpreted to mean that massless fermions proceeding into the black hole cannot go very far and have to turn back with probability one.Thus the danger of information loss is averted very simply.In this note,we reexamine the model by taking into account the possibility of alternative solutions.The Schwinger model possesses other solutions besides the conventional one,although this is not very well realized by everyone.These correspond to diﬀerent quantum the-ories built from the same classical theory.Diﬀerent quantum theories can be constructed without violating gauge invariance by changing the deﬁnition of the point split fermionic currents[9,10].By considering this freedom,we shall demonstrate that the problem of information loss can in fact appear even in the extremal magnetically charged black hole in a dilatonic background.The model is described by the Lagrangian density[7,8]L=4e−2ϕ(x)FµνFµν,(1) where the Lorentz indices take the values0,1corresponding to a (1+1)−dimensional spacetime,e measures the coupling of the vec-tor current corresponding to the massless fermionψto the gaugeﬁeld A,and there is a dilatonic backgroundϕ(x)whose dynamics we do not go into.It is clear that ifϕ(x)vanishes,we get the well-known Schwinger model[11,12,13].The model with nonvanishingϕ(x)has also been solved[7,8]with the help of the usual scheme of bosoniza-tion.Here we discuss a solution in a diﬀerent framework,which leads to vastly altered physical consequences.2In two dimensions we can always setAµ=−√e( ∂µσ+∂µ η),(2)where∂µ=ǫµν∂ν,(3) withǫ01=+1andσ, ηare scalarﬁelds.We shall restrict ourselves to the Lorentz gauge.From(2)we see that theﬁeld ηcan be taken as a masslessﬁeld with2 η=0.We introduce its dual through∂µη(x)=∂µ η(x).(4) These masslessﬁelds have to be regularized[12]but we shall not need the explicit form of the regularization.The Dirac equation in the presence of the gaugeﬁeld is[i∂/+eA/]ψ(x)=0.(5) This equation is satisﬁed byψ(x)=:e i√ψ(x+ǫ)γµ:e ie x+ǫx dyρ{Aρ(y)−2∂ν[Φ(y)Fρν(y)]}:ψ(x)−v.e.v.](7) whereΦ(y)is a nondynamical function of spacetime coordinates which we shallﬁx later on.The addition of a term containing this function in the exponent represents a generalization of Schwinger’s regularizing phase factor[9,10].It preserves gauge invariance,Lorentz invariance and even the linearity of the theory.The explicit coordinate depen-dence ofΦmay come as a surprise,but it must be remembered that3the model under discussion does not possess translation invariance be-cause of the factor containingϕ(x)in the Lagrangian density(1).In fact this freedom can be used to simplify the solution of the model enormously,as we shall see.Now using(2)and(6)together withFµν=√eǫµν2σ(8)we obtain the current which,upto an overall wavefunction renormal-ization,is equal toJ reg µ(x)≈:πlimǫ→0 0|ψ(0)(x)γµψ(0)(x):−1π[ǫµǫν− ǫµ ǫνǫ2 ∂ν(Φ2σ)],(10)where we have used the identity0|2πǫ2.(11) Now we take the symmetric limit i.e.average over the point splitting directionsǫandﬁnally obtainJ reg µ(x)=−1π ∂µ(φ+σ+Φ2σ+η),(12)whereφis a free massless bosonicﬁeld satisfying−1π ∂µφ=:√√Note now that Maxwell’s equation with sources,viz.,∂ν Fνµg2+e2π σ=0(19)andφ+η=0.(20) Theﬁrst equation(19),which depends on the choice ofΦ,deter-mines the spectrum of particles in the theory.The other equation (20),relating two massless freeﬁelds,has to be satisﬁed in a weak sense by imposing a subsidiary condition(φ+η)(+)|phys =0(21) to select out a physical subspace of states.One can ensure thatφ+ηcreates only states with zero norm by takingηto be a negative metric ﬁeld,i.e.,by taking its commutators to have the“wrong”sign.The subsidiary condition then separates out a subspace with nonnegative metric as usual.Φis as yet undetermined.We shall consider a few possible choices. The conventional choice[7,8]is zero.(19)then becomes2+e2g2√the black hole and proceeds inwards.The fact that the mass involved in the equation of motion rises indeﬁnitely means that the fermion cannot go arbitrarily far and is reﬂected back with unit probability. Thus the scattering of the fermion oﬀthe black hole is unitary and information is not lost.On the other hand,ifΦis chosen to satisfy the conditione2σ=0.(24)π(g2+g−2)The mass of the particle now vanishes not only at the mouth,but also asymptotically in the interior of the black hole.In fact,the mass has a maximum somewhere in between.Therefore it is possible for a massless fermion to exist both at the mouth and in the interior,and the height of the barrier beingﬁnite,there is aﬁnite amplitude for the fermion to go in and get lost.Thus the danger of information loss is not averted in this case.A somewhat mundane case is whenΦis such that1πΦ =1,(25)and(19)simpliﬁes to2+e2of fermion bilinears.We point-split the current which is formally deﬁned as the product of two fermionic operators.Schwinger has pre-scribed the insertion of an exponential of a line integral of the gauge ﬁeld to make the product gauge invariant.However,his choice was only one of many possible choices;see,e.g.[9,10].We have inserted an extra factor which involves theﬁeld strength of the gaugeﬁeld and a nondynamical function of spacetime coordiantes and therefore does not interfere with the gauge invariance of the product.This is not the most general gauge invariant regularization possible in this approach, but is enough to illustrate the range of possibilities.By varying the regularization,the equations of motion of the Schwinger model can be converted to freeﬁeld equations with the mass exactly as in the usual case,or going to zero at both ends of the spatial axis or even vanishing everywhere.In theﬁrst case,there is no fermion in the spectrum at all and the question of scattering does not arise.In the other two case,the massless fermion is not totally reﬂected,so that the problem of information loss appears unless further gravitational eﬀects can change the scenario.There is one question which may arise here.Have we,in changing the deﬁnition of the current,changed the model?To be more speciﬁc, the introduction of theΦ−dependent term in addition to just Aµin the phase factor entering the point-split current may be suspected to amount to the addition of an extra interaction.This is not really the case,as the equations of motion of the dilatonic Schwinger model itself are satisﬁed.The change is only in the deﬁnition of fermion bilinears as composite operators and this is well known to have a lot ofﬂexibility.Formally,in the limitǫ→0,the phase factor does reduce to unity,so that the deﬁnition of the bilinears adopted in this paper cannot be thought of as changing the underlying classical theory.Only the quantum theory,which is not fully deﬁned until the deﬁnition of composite operators is speciﬁed,is altered.This alteration takes the form of a renormalization of the eﬀective coupling constant in the theory.The dilatonicﬁeld,which entered the model through this coupling constant,can thus be said to get eﬀectively transformed in the quantum theory.However,this change is not a real one as far as the dilatonicﬁeld is concerned.This can be seen by considering the kinetic energy term of the dilatonﬁeld,which does not get altered. However,in the approximation made by us following[7,8],this term is neglected and the dilaton appears purely as a backgroundﬁeld.7Lastly,it should be mentioned that if several species of fermions are included,the problem of information loss appears automatically [7].This is in keeping with ourﬁnding that magnetically charged black holes do not necessarily behave like elementary particles in scattering incident fermions.Therefore,the S-matrices envisaged by[2,8]cannot always be constructed.The two dimensional model considered here has no horizon,but the four dimensional model from which it is derived does have one.There,the passage of the fermion into the black hole amounts to a loss of unitarity.References[1]S.Hawking,Comm.Math.Phys.,43,199(1975);Phys.Rev.D14,2460(1976)[2]G.‘t Hooft,Nucl.Phys.B335,138(1990)[3]D.Garﬁnkle,G.Horowitz and A.Strominger,Phys.Rev.D43,3140(1991)[4]C.Callan,S.Giddings,J.Harvey and A.Strominger,Phys.Rev.D45,R1005(1992)[5]J.Harvey and A.Strominger,Lectures given at1992SpringSchool on String Theory and Quantum Gravity,Trieste[6]S.Giddings and A.Strominger,Phys.Rev.D46,627(1992);T.Banks,A.Dabholkar,M.Douglas and M.O’Loughlin,Phys.Rev.D45,3607(1992)[7]M.Alford and A.Strominger Phys.Rev.Lett.69,563(1992)[8]A.Peet,L.Susskind and L.Thorlacius,Phys.Rev.D46,3435(1992)[9]C.R.Hagen,Nuov.Cim.(Ser.X)51B,169(1967);51A,1033(1967)[10]G.Bhattacharya,A.Ghosh and P.Mitra,hep-th9310146[11]J.Schwinger,Phys.Rev.128,2425(1962)[12]J.Lowenstein and J.A.Swieca,Ann.Phys.68,172(1971)[13]A.Casher,J.Kogut and L.Susskind,Phys.Rev.D9,706(1974)[14]S.Coleman,R.Jackiw and L.Susskind,Ann.Phys.93,267(1975)8。

听力练习-Black Holes 黑洞

Black Holes 黑洞What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the "event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black hole. In august 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other starstoo, which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.什麼是黑洞呢？這個問題很難回答，因為我們通常用來描述一種科學現象的術語用在這裏來解釋是不夠的。

《在月亮下面》-英汉对照

简介太阳是一个巨大的燃烧着的火球。

没有来自太阳的光和热，我们就不能在地球这颗行星上生存。

在这颗行星周围有臭氧层保护着我们免受太阳之火的伤害。

但是如果臭氧层破裂，将会怎样呢？现在臭氧层上已经有了小洞，有人说那些小洞会变得越来越大——直到有一天再没有任何东西挡在我们和太阳的火焰之间。

事情发生在2222年。

地球人制造了AOL——人工臭氧层。

美丽的地球又有了1000年的生命。

树又发芽了，下雨了，河里有了水……但现在是2522年，人工臭氧层已经破裂。

幼嫩的树林开始枯萎，河流也逐渐干涸。

凯和瑞拉从他们的宇宙飞船里看到了这危险的情景，可他们又能做些什么呢？月亮下面的部族里住着他们的朋友，可是路途遥远，而地球首领高格又不肯听从他们的指挥。

本书的作者罗维纳·阿金耶米是英国人。

曾在非洲居住和工作了多年。

现在她在剑桥工作和生活。

1 AOLFive hundred kilometres over Europe，ShipOM-45 moved north．In a room at the backof the ship，Kiah watched the numbers onthe computer in front of him．‘Time for dinner，’Rillasaid．The numbers changed quickly and Kiah's eyes didn't move．Rillawent across the room to his table．Shebegan to watch the numbers，too．‘What's wrong with thesatellite？’she asked．Shewas a beautiful girl，about twenty yearsold，with long black hair and big eyes．‘Nothing's wrong with thesatellite，’Kiah answered quietly．‘It'sthe AOL．’He began to write the numbersin the book on his table．Suddenly，the numbersstopped changing．Kiah looked at Rilla．‘OverEurope，’he said．‘It'shappening．The AOL is breaking up．Thereare big holes in the AOL and they're getting bigger．’‘You're right！Shallwe see Captain Seru now，before dinner？’Kiah stood up．He wasnearly two metres tall，with dark eyesand hair．‘Yes，comeon，’he said．Quickly，they went toCaptain Seru's room．They waited at thedoor．‘Come in！’captainSeru called．She was a little woman witha fat face．‘Come in！Wouldyou like a drink？’‘No，thankyou，’Kiah answered．‘I'dlike you to look at these numbers．’Kiahgave Captain Seru his book．1 人工臭氧层OM-45号宇宙飞船在欧洲上空500公里的高度向北飞行。

2021年高三第二次学情调研英语试题

2021年高三第二次学情调研英语试题第一节：单项填空（共25小题; 每小题1分，满分25分）1. It's a mon _________ for young people to pay a New Year's visit to their elders.A. senseB. practiceC. ruleD. scene2. Mr. Hoffman, aged over 60, has recently __________ playing golf at the weekends, contributing to his rosy face.A. taken toB. slid intoC. submitted toD. broken into3. __________ his body and soul to bringing up-to-date technology and international attention to China's Aids problem, Dr David Ho, born in Taiwan, spent little time with his family.A. DevotedB. To devoteC. Being devotedD. Devoting4. In freezing weather, snow __________ turn into ice, which is easy to__________.A. may; be slippedB. can; slipC. can; slip onD. must; slip on5. I smoke out of _________ habit, not for _________ pleasure; for I havebeen in the habit for more than twenty years.A. the; aB. 不填; theC. a; theD. 不填; 不填6. — Remember how we met for the first time, Dick?— Of course I do. You _________ to the teachers' office hurriedly and _________ me.A. had walked; weren't noticingB. were walking; didn't noticeC. had been walking; noticedD. walked; had noticed7. Carter was saying all the right things, but his smile was ________, and I knew I couldn't trust him.A. preferentialB. artificialC. confidentialD. beneficial8. — Given its breathtaking natural landscape and a relaxing atmosphere — most stores in Norwayare closed at 5 o’clock every day.—It’s _________that Norway has the highest quality of life.A. no wonderB. no problemC. no doubtD. no way9. At the Qiantang River on September 24th, the tidal bore, a name for a large column of waterproduced by the tide, _________ as high as 1.9 metres, _________ the start of the autumn flood period of the river.A. reaching; markingB. reached; to markC. reaching; to markD. reached; marking10. pared with the other players on the team, that footballer was short. But his speed ________ hissmall size.A. pensated forB. headed forC. applied forD. pushed for11. President Obama’s national security adviser, General James Jones, is ________ and will bereplaced by his deputy, Tom Donilon, a senior administration official said on Friday.A. renewingB. recoveringC. reformingD. resigning12. — Mum, have you seen my U-Disk?— __________ you bought last Sunday? I'm afraid I haven't seen ________.A. The one; oneB. That; oneC. One; itD. The one; it13. ________ is to be done is ________ to carry it out smoothly since the decision has been made.A What ; howB Where ; howC When; whatD Where ; what14. I feel sure that ________ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to theposition we have in mind.A. in favor ofB. in terms ofC. in face ofD. in need of15. Some people are bad at recalling names and faces, so it’s possible that they have a conditioncalled face blindness, ________ people suddenly have trouble recognizing family members, friends or even themselves.A. for whichB. whichC. whereD. of which16. The workers could hardly ________ the boss’s bad temper but under his supervision(监控) theyhad to________ themselves to working harder.A．tolerate; contribute B．bear; dedicateC．stand; resign D．put up with; invest17. Bob was very upset today because his mother________him________breaking her favourite vase.A. scolded; forB. praised; forC. blamed; onD. charged; for18. I think of life as a good book. The further you get into it, the more it begins to _________.A. make a differenceB. make a decisionC. make progressD. make sense19. Over the past 20 years the once-sleepy fishing village________ into an international tourismdestination, with many visitors ing to explore its spectacular rainforests and beaches.A. was transformedB. was transferredC. has been transformedD. has been transferred20. — Nancy, you have allowed your Japanese to bee less good over a period of time.— I know. I really must ________ my Japanese before we visit Japan next year.A. pick upB. polish upC. make upD. take up21. — My brother failed in business.—________.A. I am certain he’ll make it.B. Actually, there is no choice anyway.C. Everything is going well with me.D. That’s really tough.22. Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath, which would cause danger.A．somehow B．meanwhile C．otherwise D．furthermore23. When he returned to his hometown after the war, he found it had changed beyond all ________.A. recognitionB. recreationC. decorationD. construction24. ________in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite anunpleasant experience．A．Having caught B．Being caught C．Caught D．Having being caught25. My family were moving to the countryside and I had to make some__ _and learn to lead adifferent life there．A．allowance B．acmodation C．adjustment D．assessment第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）Sharon wrote this when she was 16 and in the 11th grade. Her goal is to bee an international diplomat(外交官) and peace-maker.It was my first day at school. I felt 26 and scared. I went to all my classes with no 27 . It felt like no one 28 . I listened anxiously to all the lessons and waited for lunch 29 at one. Then finally the bell rang. It was time to talk and have 30 .In the lunch line I met a new friend who wore a hijab (穆斯林妇女戴的面纱) on her head, and though I am 31 , we got along well, and I was so 32 when she said, “Sit with us, at our table.” She pointed to the one next to the door.So I 33 , and took my plate and was 34 to walk with her across the floor, when suddenly I felt a nudge (轻推). “Hey, I saw you on the bus,”said a tall girl in a long skirt. “I see your Jewish star necklace. You 35 sit with us.”At that moment I looked around, and that’s when I 36 , to my surprise, the nations of the world, 37 themselves. That’s what I saw through my own eyes.The Spanish only sat with Spanish, the Hindus only with Hindus, the Russians always with the Russians, and 38 the Arabs with the Jews.I saw the reason why 39 got started. Everyone 40 to their own kind. The 41 was a map of the world. Why was everyone so 42 ?And so I turned 43 this girl, and went with the first, and there was no enmity (敌对). I built a 44 between two worlds when I sat with those 45 from me.26. A. frightened B. generous C. nervous D. excited27. A. textbooks B. teachers C. friends D. classmates28. A. cared B. mattered C. understood D. helped29. A. hours B. stop C. period D. break30. A. rest B. fun C. food D. discussion31. A. Spanish B. Arab C. Russian D. Jewish32. A. worried B. relieved C. anxious D. bored33. A. adapted B. adopted C. agreed D. admitted34. A. about B. ready C. willing D. likely35. A. might B. would C. could D. should36. A. saw B. noticed C. knew D. recognized37. A. developing B. expanding C. separating D. defending38. A. only B. always C. sometimes D. never39. A. conversations B. friendships C. wars D. arguments40. A. stuck B. catered C. turned D. objected41. A. table B. classroom C. restaurant D. lunchroom42. A. quiet B. blind C. deaf D. tough43. A. down B. up C. off D. away44. A. tunnel B. platform C. bridge D. path45. A. opposite B. different C. separate D. apart第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)AThe UN Security Council was created in 1945. It is made up of 10 rotating(轮值的)members and five permanent members, which have a veto, the power to stop a resolution(决议). Most UN members now consider the organization's structure outdated．But any changes need the agreement of two-thirds of the 191 members, and no veto from any of the five permanent council members.Last year, Japan, Germany, Brazil and India formed a lobbying(游说)group to get permanent council seats. But North and South Korea have doubts about Japan, Italy opposes Germany for a seat, Pakistan is against India's candidacy(候选资格)and Mexico and Argentina frown on Brazil.A wave of emotion swept through China last week as millions voiced their opposition to Japan's permanent membership of the United Nations (UN) Security Council. By last Friday over 22 million Chinese had signed an online petition (请愿)against Japan's bid for a permanent seat onthe council.According to major Chinese websites, such as sina, more than 170,000 overseas Chinese also signed．This is the first online activity of its kind．The petition was started by US-based Alliance for Preserving the Truth of the Sino-Japanese War(抗日战争史实维护会). They want Japan to apologize for crimes during World War II. The group also plans to present the petition to the UN this autumn.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said he didn't think the petition shows anti-Japanese feeling. He believed instead it is a request for Japan to take a responsible attitude towards history.46．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A．Function of the UN in world affairs. B．Members of the UN.C．Facts about the UN Security Council. D．Reform of the UN Security Council. 47．Which statement is true according to the text?A．Four countries, such as Japan, Germany, Brazil and India are applying for joining the UN.B．Some countries, such as North and South Korea, Italy, Pakistan, Mexico and Argentina propose ticking the four countries out of the UN.C．If the countries’ bids for permanent membership of the Council are turned down, theopponent countries will take the place.D．The UN Security Council is going to take in new members.48．The underlined phrase “frown on” in the third paragraph can be replaced by _____.A．agree on B．disapprove ofC．give a firm support to D．say yes to49．What’s the main reason for China’s opposition to Japan’s permanent membership of the Council?A．Japan is unwilling to admit to its crimes against the Chinese in the World War II.B．Millions of people in Asia signed a petition against it.C．The Chinese people have strong anti-Japanese feeling.D．Japan is an irresponsible country that once had a history of invasion.BZhu Xueqin is from Jiangsu Province, Kang Houming from the Municipality of Chongqing and Hu Xiaoyan from Guangdong Province. They are the first migrant workers (农民工)to have been elected deputies to the National People’s Congress. And they will be the focus of almost 3,000 deputies.31-year-old Zhu works in a clothing pany. She started out sewing garments and is now deputy chief of the workers’ union.Migrant worker deputy Zhu Xueqin said, “I am th e representative of 4 million migrant workers in Shanghai. I feel a lot of pressure to do well and I will certainly do my best.”Zhu was elected to the post a month ago. She spent all her free time collecting requests and suggestions from fellow migrant workers.Zhu Xueqin said, “We’ve held at least ten meetings to discuss the problems of restaurant staff and construction and factory workers.”Since her election to be an NPC deputy, Zhu has received numerous requests from other migrant workers, who want her to help solve their problems. She is aiming for a paid holiday system so migrant workers can decide for themselves when they go back home to see their families. And she is also calling for maternity insurance（产期保险）for the migrants.China’s workers from ru ral areas are estimated to a number around 200 million. And these migrants have bee a main part of the country’s work force.In March last year, the NPC annual session approved a draft resolution (草案) on the elections. The draft stated that provinces and municipalities with a large population of rural migrant workers should have a quota（定额）for NPC deputies.50. Who or what does Zhu Xueqin represent?A. Chongqing clothing pany.B. Migrant workers in Jiangsu.C. Guangdong workers’ union.D. Migrant workers in Shanghai.51. Why will the three migrant worker deputies be the focus?A. Because they want to help migrant workers to solve their problems.B. Because they are migrant workers from the countryside.C. Because they are the first migrant worker deputies to the NPC.D. Because they are deputies from three very important places.52. The fact that China has wider and better democracy (民主)can be seen from the followingEXCEPT that _______.A. three migrant worker deputie s have been elected to the National People’s CongressB. a draft approved by the NPC states that provinces and municipalities with a large population ofrural migrant workers should have a quota for NPC deputiesC. deputies are calling for maternity insurance and a paid holiday system for the migrantsD. China’s workers from rural areas are estimated to a number around 200 millionCWhile drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcohol related danger: drunken pedestrains.Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated(喝醉的) more frequently and with higher blood alcohol levels than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10 which by law in most states signifies intoxication pared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.Some types of pedestrain accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death.“We’re dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem that leads to a severe highway safety problem,” said Richard Blom berg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon.Blomberg, whose consulting pany found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research council’s Transportation Research Board(TRB) in Washington in January.Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs the boa rd’s mittee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified（迷惑不解）about how to prevent disasters.53. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Traffic Safety.B. Drunken Drivers.C. Drunken Pedestrian Accidents.D. A Severe Highway Safety problem.54. Among the causes of walkers’ accidents, the most serious problem is .A. long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets without paying attention totraffic rulesB. alcoholC. a lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidentsD.former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time55. According to recent federal data, drunken drivers with an over 0.10 blood alcohol level in deadly accidents .A. are 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers with the same levelB. are 2500 a yearC. are at least 7000 in US traffic accidentsD. make up one seventh of highway accidents56. According to the passage, what is Blomberg?A. A researcher.B. A specialist in traffic safety.C. A clerk of a consulting pany.D. A government officialDA black hole is created when a large star burns out. Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces(熔炉)that burn their own matter as fuel. When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die.The death of a star is not a quiet event. First there is a huge explosion. As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns.After the explosion gravity pulls in what’s left of the star. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. The material the star is made of bees tightly packed together. A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billion of pounds.The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it bees. Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong. In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls lightinto the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out. The star bees black when there is no light. Then a black hole is born!That’s what we know about black holes. What we don’t know is this: What happens insid e a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine.But if the black hole doesn’t keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world．They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe. In other words a black hole in our universe could turn into a “white hole” in a different universe. As the black hole swallows light, t he white hole shines brightly —somewhere else. But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time — many years in the past or future.Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no. Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed．So far the time being, black hole must remain a mystery.Black holes are a mystery—but that hasn’t stopped scientists from dreaming about them. One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes. They would su pply all of Earth’s energy needs, with plenty to spare. Another scientist wondered if a black hole could some day be used to swallow earthly waste—a sort of huge waste disposal(处理) in the sky!57. When the star begins to die ______.A．there is no fuel left in it B．its outer layer goes into space firstC．a huge explosion will happen D．it doesn’t give off light any longer58. Which of the following doesn’t help produce a black hole?A．The gravity inside the star is very strong.B．The light can’t go out of the star.C．The star bees smaller and smallerD．The dying star shines very brightly.59. The black hole ______.A．continues being smaller and smaller all the timeB．goes into another universe and bees a white holeC．can pull in everything we know of in the worldD．will appear at another place at a different time60. The author mainly intended to tell us _____.A．A New Scientific Discovery: Black HolesB．How Black Holes Came Into BeingC．What Black Holes AreD．Travel Through A Black Hole第II卷(共45分)第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面的短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。