Chapter 1-4

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chapter1-4

若以等效自由连接链描述分子尺寸，则链愈
柔顺，链段愈短，因此链段长度也可以表征
链的柔顺性。
链段长度b越大，柔性越差。P29 表1-7
小结
• 1.掌握均方末端距和均方旋转半径的含义？ • 2.掌握自由连接链、自由旋转链以及旋转受阻链、等效自由连接链的定义，以及相应的均方末端距的计算公式。 • 3.理解运用高分子链柔性的表征参数相关的知识。
1.2.3 高分子链的构象统计
表征高分子链构象尺寸的参数：
（一）线形高分子
末端距（向量）—— 线形高分子链一端到另一端的直线距离均方末端距——末端距平方的平均值；
根均方末端距 ——均方末端距的平方根
（二）支化大分子：均方末端距的概念不适用，需要另外定义一个表征支化大分子构象尺寸的参数-----均方旋转半径
cos
Φ —— 内旋转角； u（Φ）—— 内旋转位垒函数； K —— 玻尔兹曼常数； T —— 绝对温度；
三种链的均方末端距比较：
自由连接链的最小；
实际高分子链的最大；
自由旋转链的介于二者之间；单键的内旋转限制因素越多则分子链柔性越差。
讨论高分子链构象统计的应用
• 把实际的高分子链看成是由Z个长度为b的链段连接而成，链段与链段之间自由连接，无规取向，此时的高分子链可称为等效自由连接链。真实大分子链中能够独立运动的单元不是单键，而是链段。 • 高斯链：末端距的分布符合高斯分布函数的高分子链，通常指等效自由连接链。 • 可以利用等效自由连接链的概念来处理真实高分子链，从而求得真实高分子链中的链段数目和链段长度（P28）。。

化学键内旋转时无键角和位垒的限制，完全自由；分子链中化学键向任何方向取向的几率相同。

小学朗文英语四年级上Chapter1-4复习

四年级上学期朗文 1-4 课复习题班级_______________ 姓名________________1.Look and write.看图写单词。

____________ ____________ ___________________________ ____________ _______________2.Choose the correct answers.选择填空。

1. ( ) _____ did people pay for things? They paid with silver.A: How B: What C: Where2. ( ) _______ did people live? They lived in villages.A: How B: What C: Where3. ( ) _____ did people travel? They traveled by sedan chair.A: How B: What C: Where4. ( ) ___did people go to school? They went to school on foot.A: How B: What C: Where5. ( ) _______ did people wear?A: How B: What C: Where3.Choose and write. 根据下列解释，把单词序号填在括号内。

A: firewood B: trainers C: letterD: camera E: credit card F: rickshaw1. ( )We use it to take photos.2. ( )People cooked with it five hundred years ago.3. ( )We use it like money to buy things.4. ( )They are in pairs. We wear them when we go jogging.5. ( )People write it and send it to our friends by post.6. ( ) People rode in it.4.Ask and answer the questions.选择正确的疑问词填空，并回答。

国际酒店服务英语 Chapter 1 Unit 4 Information service

Unit 4 Information Service
General Knowledge Conversation Text
Exercises
General Knowledge
What role does the information desk
play in a hotel?
<BACK
ral Knowledge
• What role does the information desk play in a hotel?
The hotel information desk plays an important part in the hotel. It is generally located near the hotel entrance or faces the entrance. As soon as the customer enters the main lobby, he/she can see it. Its goal is to provide more convenient service to guests.
<BACK
HOME
NEXT>
General Knowledge
• What role does the information desk
play in a hotel?
• messaging and credit card services
• 8 hours per day foreign currency exchanging
<BACK
HOME
NEXT>
Conversation
• Scene: A Guest Asks for Service Information • R: Receptionist G: Guest

CHAPTER 1-4

MeV 168 7 5 7 8 12 ~207
裂变中放出的能量
4%
80%
3%
4%
4% 5% neutrinos
燃料裂变时能量的释放 (MeV)
易裂变燃料
233U 235U 239Pu 241Pu
可裂变燃料
232Th 234U 236U 238U 237Np
190.0+/-0.5 190.0+/192.9+/-0.5 192.9+/198.5+/-0.8 198.5+/200.3+/-0.8 200.3+/-
Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
1 Reactor vessel 5 Pressurizer heater 2 Fuel elements 6 Steam generator 3 Control rods 7 Main circulating pump 4 Control rod drive 8 Fresh steam
η −燃每吸一热子生平裂中数料次收个中产的均变子
k: 六因子公式
k =ηfεpP P s d
P −慢过中泄概化程不漏率 s P −热子扩过中泄概中在散程不漏率 d
典型的一个热中子反应堆六因子的数值 Six factor formula for a typical thermal reactor
缓发中子与瞬发中子的区别
缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生机理不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生机理不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生时间不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生时间不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子能量不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子能量不同;

七年级英语课外阅读读本1-4

七年级课外阅读初中英语读本（chapter 1--4）(1) The North Wind and the SunOne day, the north wind argues with the sun. I’m stronger than you are!”says the north wind. “No,”answers the sun, “I’m stronger!”While they are arguing, they see a man walking along the road. He is wearinga blue coat. The sun says to the north wind, “Now let's see who can makethe man take off his coat. Then we will know who is stronger.””Let me try first," says the north wind. He begins to blow very hard. But theman wraps his coat round him tightly. The north wind gets angry. He says tothe sun, “I can’t make the man take off his coat. Now its your turn. Let me see if you can do it."The sun begins to shine on the man. Soon the man feels very hot. He takesoff his coat. The sun wins.1. who argue with the sun?2.what’s the man wearing?3.can the north wind make the man take off his coat?4.why does the man take off his coat at last?5.who do you think wins?(2)Hello!People in different countries say hello in different ways people say hello.阅读理解People in different countries greet each other in different ways. Here are some.a. a handshakeb. a bowc. a kiss on the cheekd. a huge. a pat on the back The United StatesPeople shake hands when they meet for the first time. Friends and family members often hug or kiss on the cheek when they seeeach other.KoreaMen bow and shake hands to greet each other. Women do not usuallyshake hands. If you address (称呼) someone, you use his or her fullname. The family name comes first, then the first name.Finland (芬兰)Finns greet each other with a handshake. Hugs and kisses are only forclose friends and family members.The Philippines(菲律宾) The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women. Men sometimes pat each other on the back.1. In which country do men sometimes pat each other on the back?A. The Philippines.B. Finland.C. Korea.D. The United States.2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. People shake hands whenever they meet in the United States.B. In Philippines, friends shake hands as the everyday greeting.C. Finns greet each other with a bow.D. In Korea, the first name comes before the family name.3. Of the five pictures above (a, b, c, d, and e), which is the same way to greet each othe r in the four countries?A. dB. cC. bD. a4. In this passage, all the following are mentioned EXCEPT ______.A. kissesB. hugsC. smilesD. handshakes5. What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?A. Different ways of greeting.B. Four countries.C. Friends and family members.D. Languages.(3) Fill in the blanks with the words in the passage.Rose writes an e to her friend about her new h . Rose’s b, Peter, is good ats_ and teaches her in the s holiday. Rose goes to the b every day. Most days they bring p and stay there all d . Rose thinks surfing is good e _ and it can get her skin brown. It is f .(4) How Do Dogs Say Hello?Dogs use their noses to say hello. They have a very good sense of smell.When dogs meet, they smell each other.A dog knows by the other dog's smell if it is a friend. If they are friends,dogs say hello with wagging tails and happy barks. They sometimes lickeach other's faces. If they are not friends, they growl and show their teeth.When you meet a dog, these are also how it says hello to you.Young dogs lear how to tell if other dogs are friendly. They know whichdogs to play with and which dogs to avoid.Two dogs meetuse their to each otherfriends not friendswaghappily show theireach other’s face(5) Goldie's StoryHello, my name is Goldie. I am a dog but I am not a pet. I have a very importantjob. I work as a seeing-eye dog. People call us seeing-eye dogs because we are the" eyes “ of blind people and help them to “see".It is not easy to become a seeing-eye dog. It takes a lot of hard work and trainingThe training is diffi cult and most dogs can not do it.My job is to work with my partner, Jim. Jim is blind. We live and work inLondon. London is a very busy city. I help Jim get around---- along busy streets,across roads and on trains and buses every day.I enjoy my job and I am proud of what I do. I think Jim is proud of me, too. You can always see him smiling.l. Is it easy to become a seeing-eye dog?2. How can a dog become a seeing-eye dog?3. Why is it difficult to get around London?4. What’s wrong with Jim?5. What does Jim think of Goldie?(6) A SundayTom and Simon are good friends They both love football. They are in the schoolfootball team and practise twice a week after school.This Sunday they go to the park to practise more because they will have a matchnext week. It is a sunny day and the park is busy. They see a good place for playingfootball. They kick the ball onto the grass and begin to run after it.Just then they see a big sign. It says "Keep Off the Grass”. Tom and Simon lookaround. Then they see another sign and it says “No Ball Games ". They take theirball and hurry out of the park to their school.On the playground they see their coach, Mr. Smith. He tells them, “Take it easy.Don’t mind losing. Losing is part of any game."1. Tom and Simon areA. cousinsB. the members of the football teamC. brothersD. from different schools2. How many times do they practise football every week?A. One time.B. Two times.C. Three times.D. Four times.3. Finally they go to to play fotball.A. the Sports CentreB. the grassC. the streetD. the school playground4. This passage is aboutA. what the two boys do after schoolB. what the two boys feel and do before a fooball matechC. what the two boys do in the park this Sunday(7) 完形填空One day, the wind starts an argument (争论) with the sun. "I'm much 1 than you are!" says the wind. "No."answers the sun, "I'm much stronger than you are!"While they are arguing they see a man walking down the road. He is wearing a heavy 2 . The sun says to the wind "Now let 3 see which of us can make the man take off his coat, then we will know 4 is stronger. "First the 5 tries. It begins to blow very hard. It blows so hard that the man pulls his coat round him.The wind is 6 with the man. Then the wind says to the sun, "Now it's your 7 . Let me see if you can make him take off his coat "The sun 8 to shine on the man. Soon it gets very hot! The man 9 his coat The argument is 10 .( )1. A. strong ( )2. A. trousers ( )3. A. us ( )4. A. whose ( )5. A. sun ( )6. A. happy ( )7. A. way ( )8. A. began ( )9. A. takes off ( )10.A. out B. strongestB. hatB. weB. whoB. rainB. worriedB. homeB. beginsB. takes downB. overC. stronglyC. coatC. ourselvesC. whenC. cloudC. angryC. hopeC. beginC. puts onC. onD. strongerD. shoesD. ourD. whatD. windD. sadD. turnD. beginningD. puts downD. off。

词汇学考试精简笔记-Charter1-4

词汇学考试精简笔记-Charter1-4Introduction0.1 The Nature and Domain of English LexicologyThe definition of Lexicology: (P1)Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words (WNWD), the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 0.2 The Relation to Other DisciplinesThe definition of Morphology: (P1)Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.The definition of Etymology: (P2)Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.The definition of Semantics: (P2)Semantics is the study of meanings of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.The definition of Stylistics: (P2)Stylistics is the study of style.The definition of Lexicography: (P2)Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words.The difference of Lexicography and Lexicology: (P2)A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use.Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1.1 What is a WordIn visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful group; according to semanticists, a word is a unit of meaning. (P6) 选择、填空The definition of Word: (P7) 名词解释A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A word comprises the following points:1. A minimal free form of a language;2. A sound unity;3. A unit of meaning;4. A form that can function alone in a sentence.1.2 Sound and MeaningThe connection of Sound and Meaning两者之间的关系: (P7) 选择、填空The symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is no logical relationship, the relationship is conventional.Woman, for example, becomes ‘Frau’ in German, ‘Fremme’ in French and ‘Funu’ in Chinese.：体现了sound，meaning的关系1.3 Sound and FormThe reasons caused the difference between Sound and Form: 读⾳和拼写不⼀致的原因(P8-9 具体例⼦看书本) 简答题1. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does nothave a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and insome cases the two have drawn far apart.3. A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4. Finally comes the borrowing, which do not conform to the rules of English pronunciation and spelling.*Printing印刷术was established in the late 1500.Sound and form is imperfect: (P10)The written form of English is, therefore, an imperfect representation of the spoken form.1.5 Classification of Words*Three classifications of words: (P11) 选择、填空Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic VocabularyThe difference between BW and NBW: (P11)BW is in use in a high frequency; and NBW is not.The features of Basic Word (P11-12) 简答题●All national character 全民通⽤性●Stability 相对稳定性●Productivity 多产性●Polysemy ⼀词多义●Collocability 搭配性Therefore, ‘all national character’is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.The definition of Productivity: (P12)They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes.The definition of Polysemy: (P12)Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undergone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.The definition of Collocability: (P12)Many words of the basic word stock enter quite a number of set expressions, idiomatic usages, proverbial sayings and the like.The types of Nonbasic word vocabulary (P13-15) 简答题●Terminology 专业术语●Jargon ⾏话●Slang 俚语●Argot ⿊话●Dialectal words ⽅⾔●Archaisms 古词语●Neologisms 新词语The definition of Terminology: (P13)It consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine.●例⼦有：mathematics, music, education.The definition of Jargon: (P13)It refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.●例⼦有：bottom line, bargaining chipsThe definition of Slang: (P14)Slang belongs to the sub-standard language亚标准语⾔, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words.The definition of Argot ⿊话: (P15)Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals.The definition of Dialectal words: (P15)Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.The definition of Archaisms: (P15)Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.The definition of Neologisms: (P15)Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.1.5.2 Content Words and Functional WordsThe difference between Content words and Functional words: (P16) 简答题●Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words.●Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As theirchief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences, they are known as form words.1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed WordsThe definition of Native Words: (P17)Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes (⽇⽿曼部落).The 2 features of Native Words: (P17)1. Neutral in style (French or Latin are literary and in formal style) ⽂体中⽴，即任何场所可⽤2. Frequent in use使⽤频繁The definition of Borrowed Words: (P18)Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowing in simple terms. 三个⿊体字同义Four classes of Borrowed Words: (P19)1. Denizens 同化词Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now well assimilated into the English language.2. Aliens ⾮同化词Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.3. Translation-loans 译借词、外来词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.4. Semantic-loans借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form.Chapter 2The Development of the English vocabulary2.1 The Indo-European Language FamilyThe Indo-European Language has approximately 3000languages and group into roughly 300language families on the basis of Basic Word and Grammar. It is made up of most of language of Europe, the Near East, and India.印欧三⼤语系(P23) Germanic family = Scandinavian languages斯堪的纳维亚语的;北北欧⽇⽿曼语系(P24)The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.In western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic(希腊语的). (P24)2.2.1 Old English (450 – 1150) (P25)The Germanic tribes are the earliest.The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many religious terms such as abbot, candle, alter, amen, apostle.The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words, e.g. handbook. (P26)Old English is a highly inflected language.Skirt, skill, window, leg, grasp, birth, they, their, them, egg, these words are from Scandinavian origin.2.2.2 Middle English (1150 – 1500) (P26)Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. 诺曼⼤帝带来了⼤量的法语词。

红发会读后感英文一到四章节

红发会读后感英文一到四章节Here's my take on the first four chapters of "The Red-Headed League" in an informal and conversational English style:Chapter 1: I started reading "The Red-Headed League" and was immediately intrigued. It's such an unusual story, with this whole red-headed thing being the central theme. I mean, who would ever think of forming a league just for redheads? But there it is, and Holmes is on the case to figure out what's behind it all.Chapter 2: The characters in this story are really interesting. You have the ordinary guy who falls for this seemingly good deal, and then you have Holmes and Watson, who are as sharp as ever. I'm really enjoying watching how they unravel this mystery, piece by piece.Chapter 3: This chapter had me on the edge of my seat. There's this whole mystery surrounding the empty office andthe strange instructions the guy got. It's like a puzzle, and Holmes is the one who's going to solve it. I can't wait to see what happens next.Chapter 4: The twists and turns.。

chapter1_4

描述变化的磁场激发电场，相关实验规律是法拉第“电磁感应定律”；描述电流和变化的电场激发磁场，相关实验规律是毕奥-萨伐尔定律”；描述电荷激发电场，相关实验规律是 “库伦定律”；描述磁场是无源场(磁单极子不存在)，相关实验规律是“毕奥-萨伐尔定律”；
H
B
0
M
(2) 辅助方程
有外场时取向趋同＋极化
有极分子的取向极化
E E0 E
-
pi 0
E
+
+
+ + +
F
-
p
F E0
E0
E0
电极化强度矢量：
P
pi V
l
en

dS
P, E
(1) 介质的内部
nql dS np dS P dS 由V内通过界面 S穿出去的正电荷为:
无外场时
pi 0 pi 0
± ± ±
± ± ±
± ± ±
± ± ±
± ± ±
有外场时
一致极化 pi 0
- F -
+
+ +
- - + -+ p - + - + -
+
+ +
- + F - + - +
E0
无外场时 pi 0 取向无规则 pi 0
m ia
mi 0 mi 0
B0
单个分子微体积元
mi 0 mi 0
B0
取向趋同
定义磁化强度 mi M V • 单位体积内的等效磁偶极矩 • 局域量由图可知，通过S的总磁化电流IM 等于边界线L所链环着的分子数目乘上每个分子的电流i. 因为若分子

Mid-term Exam (Chapter 1-4)-答案版

Mid-term Exam (Chapter 1-4)
Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics
1. Rational people make decisions “at the margin” by comparing a. average costs and benefits.
c.
a market failure caused by equality.
d. There is no market failure in this case. Answer: A
4. The term ______ refers to the size of the economic pie, and the term ______ refers to how the pie is divided. Answer: efficiency equality 5. In the short run, an increase in the money supply is likely to lead to ______ inflation and ______ unemployment. Answer: higher lower
c.
the nation is producing an efficient combination of goods.

d. there will be a large opportunity cost if the nation tries to increase production of any good. ANS: B
3. Air pollution from burning fossil fuels causes damages to crops and public health. This is an example of

Chapter 1_ unit 4 (2)

e.g.(1) You’re telling me. You’ (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.)
e.g.(1) You’re telling me. You’ (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.) 我早知道了. /还用你告诉我还用你告诉我! 我早知道了. /还用你告诉我!
e.g. dry goods 纺织品 wet goods 酒类产品 dry state 美国）禁酒洲, （美国）禁酒洲, dry law 美国）（美国）禁酒法令 white wine 白葡萄酒, 白葡萄酒, dry white wine 干白葡萄酒
(3) “三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。”这就三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东：。（毛泽东是说，群众有伟大的创造力。（毛泽东：组织起来）组织起来） “Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Chukeh Liang the mastermind.” In other words, mastermind. the masses have great creative power.
2. Bicultural Competence Cultural competence refers to the knowledge and ability possessed by the translator which permit him to create communicative acts---acts---discourse-----discourse------ which are not only grammatical but socially appropriate.

旅游服务英语Chapter 1 Unit 4 Narrations on Tour

3. Do the exercises.

answer?
What will the local guide say 1. when he / she leads the tourists to set off? _______________________________________. 2. when he/she reminds the tourists of collecting time? ________________________________________. 3. when he/she conclude the day? _______________________________________. 4. when he/she reminds the tourists of safety regulation? _______________________________________.
say to your guests when you lead them to the scenic sites? Discuss it with your partner.
Dialogue one:
Learning Steps:
1. Read the dialogue and then answer
3.
1. Read the dialogue and then
answer the following questions.

Where is Jiuzhaigou?
Why is it named Jiuzhaigou?
What is the five wonders?

when is the best time to visit

Cross-Cultural Communication Unit 1-4 跨文化交际(课堂PPT)

15
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Dominant Culture
Co-Cultures
• It's the one in power -
• They are numerous.
control.
• Distinct and unique
• Meanwhile, aging population in more developed countries – Could bring more communication issues between older generations and younger generations (this can be treated as co-culture).
ethnic background, age, sex,
media, monetary systems,
or other factors.
etc.
16
17
• We learn our culture through proverbs
– Offer an important set of instructions
Our goal in this class is to answer some of the following questions: • Why do we often uncomfortable when encountering people who are different from yourself? • Why do people from different cultures behave in ways that seem strange to you? • How do cultural differences influence communication? • Which cultural differences are important and which are inconsequential? • Why is it difficult to understand and appreciate cultural difference?

远大前程每章英文梗概1到10章

远大前程每章英文梗概1到10章《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯的一部小说，以下是每章的英文梗概：Chapter 1:The novel begins with the birth of Philip Pirrip, known as Pip. He lives with his sister and her husband, Joe Gargery, a blacksmith. One evening, Pip encounters an escaped convict in a graveyard, who threatens him into stealing food and a file to remove his shackles.Chapter 2:Pip steals food and a file from his sister's house and brings them to the convict. However, the convict is soon recaptured and taken away. Despite feeling guilty, Pip keeps the incident a secret.Chapter 3:Pip is invited to play at the house of Miss Havisham, a wealthy and eccentric woman who lives in seclusion. He meets her beautiful but cold-hearted adopted daughter, Estella, and becomes infatuated with her.Chapter 4:Pip visits Miss Havisham's house regularly, growing more and more infatuated with Estella. He becomes ashamed of his humble background and desires to become a gentleman.Chapter 5:Pip is informed that an unknown benefactor has provided funds for him to become a gentleman. He moves to London and begins his education and training under the supervision of Mr. Jaggers, a lawyer.Chapter 6:Pip befriends Herbert Pocket, who becomes his roommateand close friend. He also becomes acquainted with Wemmick, Mr. Jaggers' clerk, who has a dual personality.Chapter 7:Pip continues his education and socialization in London, but remains haunted by his love for Estella and his guilt over his past actions.Chapter 8:Pip receives a visit from Joe, who informs him of the death of Mrs. Joe. Despite feeling guilty for neglectinghis family, Pip is relieved to be free of his sister's abuse.Chapter 9:Pip's infatuation with Estella grows stronger, but he becomes increasingly aware of the class divide between them. He struggles with his desire to be a gentleman and his humble origins.Chapter 10:Pip and Herbert devise a plan to help Magwitch, a convict from Pip's past, escape from England. However, their plan is jeopardized when they learn that Magwitch's life is in danger.以上是《远大前程》前十章的英文梗概，希望能够帮助到你。

1-4单元《新编语言学教程》课后答案

Chapter 1Introduction1. Deﬁne the following terms brieﬂy.(1) linguistics语言学: the scientiﬁc or systematic study of language.(2) language语言: a system of arbitrary vocal 任意的声音symbols used for human communication.用于人类交流的任意声音符号系统(3) arbitrariness任意性: the absence of similarity betweenthe form of a linguistic sign and what it relates to in reality,语言符号的形式与现实的关系缺乏相似性e.g. the worddog does not look like a dog.(4) duality双重性: the way meaningless elements of languageat one level (sounds and letters) combine to formmeaningful units (words) at another level.在一个层面上（语言和字母）的无意义的语言元素结合在另一个层次上形成有意义的单位（词）(5) competence语言能力: knowledge of the grammar of alanguage as a formal abstraction and distinct from thebehavior of actual language use作为一种形式抽象的语言的语法知识，区别于实际语言使用的行为, i.e.performance.(6) performance语言运用: Chomsky’s term for actuallanguage behavior as distinct from the knowledge thatunderlies it, or competence.乔姆斯基对实际语言行为的术语不同于它的知识，或能力。

Chapter1-4翻译

Chapter11. GIS is a system of hardware, software and procedures to facilitate the management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation and display of geo-referenced data to solve complex problems regarding planning and management of resources.GIS是一个由硬件，软件和程序组成的系统，便于管理，处理，分析，模拟，表现并显示地理参照数据，从而解决规划和资源管理的复杂问题。

2. GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographical analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies (ESRI)地理信息系统技术将诸如查询和统计分析的常见的数据库操作和地图特有可视化功能和地理分析优势集成起来。

这些功能是区分地理信息系统和其他信息系统的关键，并且对于众多的公共和私营企业用于事件解析，结果预测和战略规划十分有价值3．Projection is a fundamental component of mapmaking. A projection is a mathematical means of transferring information from the earth’s three-dimensional, curved surface to a two –dimensional medium-paper or a computer screen. Mathematically speaking, map projections are transformations of geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) into the Cartesian (x, y) coordinate space of the map.投影式地图制作的一个基本要素，同时也是将信息从地球三维曲面上传递到纸张或者电视屏幕二维介质上的一种数学手段。

《《莱特兄弟》(1-4章)英汉翻译及翻译报告》范文

《《莱特兄弟》（1-4章）英汉翻译及翻译报告》篇一《莱特兄弟》翻译报告第一章：前序在一个不远的时代，有两位年轻的工程师——莱特兄弟，他们的梦想为人类的航空领域打开了一扇新的大门。

这是一段基于他们的经历与挑战而创作的故事，由我们对这个激动人心的历程的记载而构建的起始篇章。

Chapter 1: The PrologueChapter 2: 探索天空随着科技的进步，莱特兄弟的梦想愈发清晰。

他们坚信人类有能力飞翔，于是他们开始了对航空技术的探索。

他们用他们的智慧和努力，逐步解决了飞行中的各种难题，如飞机的稳定性、动力和飞行控制等。

第二章：探索天空的雄心壮志莱特兄弟们深知他们的目标宏大且困难重重，但他们却坚信自己的决心和才能能够达成这一伟大的目标。

他们不仅通过自学获得了航空工程的知识，而且以极大的耐心和坚韧的毅力不断尝试和改进他们的飞行器设计。

他们面对的困难重重，但他们从未放弃过。

他们的每一次失败都成为他们成功的阶梯，每一次的挫折都使他们更加坚定地走向成功。

Chapter 3: 破茧成蝶经过无数次的试验和改进，莱特兄弟终于成功制造出了第一架飞机。

他们面临的挑战和困难仍然不少，但他们对未来的信念从未动摇。

最终，他们的飞机成功地在空中飞翔，引起了全球的震惊和赞赏。

第三章：破茧而出，创造历史这是一次具有里程碑意义的飞行。

虽然只有短暂的飞行距离，但它为人类打开了一个全新的领域。

这架由莱特兄弟倾注心血的飞机在天空中翱翔的那一刻，就预示着他们将会为人类的航空事业作出重大贡献。

每一次的试飞都是他们努力的见证，也是他们决心的体现。

Chapter 4: 翱翔蓝天之上在接下来的日子里，莱特兄弟继续进行飞行器的改进和创新。

他们的飞机越来越稳定，飞行距离也越来越远。

他们的名字开始在全世界范围内广为人知，他们的故事激励着更多的人投身于航空事业。

莱特兄弟不仅成为了航空事业的先驱者，更是人类的英雄。

第四章：翱翔蓝天之上，开创未来他们的努力并未因一次成功的飞行而停止。

朗文国际英语教程1-Chapter4

To clean with water,water and soap,or some other liquid.
p. 27
brushing ['brʌʃɪŋ]
cleaning ['kliːnɪŋ]
feeding ['fiːdɪŋ]
fixing [fɪksɪŋ]
painting ['peɪntɪŋ]
3 A place that you can do your exercises.
4. A collection of books, magazines, newspapers, and other written records.
p.31
29
True or False
1 Patty Willams is washing her car. 2 Mr. and Mrs. Lopez are eating. 3 Mr.Molina is reading the newspapers. 4 Charlie Harries is washing his clothes. 5 Jenny Chang is reading books.
SBS1 Unit 4
1
To treat or clean with a brush.
To remove dirt from.
To give food to.
To return to the proper condition
To put paint on something.
To look at something written or printed and understand what it means. To say aloud something that is written or printed.

ACCA英国注册会计师(F1)Chapter1-4题库大全

ACCA英国注册会计师（F1）Chapter1-4题库大全姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、Monetary policy is a government economic policy relating to:1 Interest rates2 Taxation3 Public borrowing and spending4 Exchange ratesWhich of the above are correct?A1 and 4B2 and 3C2 and 4D3 and 4答案解析：Rationale: Government policy on taxation, public spending and public borrowing relates to fiscal policy. Government policy on interest rates and exchange rates are part of the monetary policy.2、Which of the following organisations might benefit from a period of high price inflation? AAn organisation which has a large number of long-term payablesBAn exporter of goods to a country with relatively low inflationCA large retailer with a high level of inventory on display and low rate of inventory turnover答案解析：Rationale: Debts lose ‘real’ value with inflation: a company that owes a lot of mo ney wouldeffectively pay less (in real terms) over time. The other organisations would suffer because: inflation would make exports relatively expensive and importsrelatively cheap； business might be lost due to price rises； and the cost of implementing price changes would be high.Rationale: The four main objectives of macroeconomic policy relate to economic growth, stable (not zero) inflation, unemployment and the balance of payments (balance between exports and imports).3、Which of the following are the goals of macroeconomic policy?1 Encouraging economic growth2 Low unemployment3 Achievement of a balance between exports and imports4 Achieving zero inflationA1 and 2B2 and 3C2, 3 and 4D1, 2 and 3答案解析：Rationale: The four main objectives of macroeconomic policy relate to economic growth, stable (not zero) inflation, unemployment and the balance of payments (balance between exports and imports)4、Which of the following is an example of cyclical unl Rationale: Recession is part of the business cycle: demand for output and jobs falls, and unemployment rises until recovery is well under way. Option A is an example of frictional unemployment； option B of seasonal unemployment；option C of technological unemployment.Pitfalls: It is easy to confuse cyclical with seasonal unemployment, or frictional unemploy ment that occurs on a seasonal basis (eg option A). You need to associate cyclical employment firmly with business cycles.5、A surplus on the balance of payments usually refers to a surplus or deficit on the account.Which word correctly complete this statement?ACurrentBCapitalCFinancial答案解析：Rationale: It is particularly tempting to equate a trade surplus or deficit with a ‘profit’ or ‘loss’ for the country, but this is not the case.6、 Northland, Southland, Eastland and Westland are four countries of Asia. The following economic statistics have been produced for the year 2007.Which country experienced stagflation in the relevant period?ANorthlandBSouthlandCEastlandDWestland答案解析：Examiner’s comments. The examiner commented that some students struggled with this question. Stagflation occurs when economic growth (defined by the change in national income in a period) is low or negative, and inflation is high. So the relevant figures are percentage change in GDP and change in consumer prices.7、____economic growth is determined by supply-side rather than by demand side factors.Which word correctly completes this statement?AActualBPotentialCNational答案解析：Rationale: Potential growth is the rate at which the economy would grow if all resources were utilised: it is therefore determined by factors in the capacity of the economy (supply side), such as increases in the amount of resources available, or in the productivity or resources. Actual growth is determined both by growth in output (supply side) and aggregate demand (demand side). Option C was merely a distractor8、In a free market economy, the price mechanism：AAids government controlBAllocates resourcesCMeasures national wealth答案解析：Rationale: In a free market economy, it is the interaction of supply and demand through the price mechanism that determines what should be produced and who should get it.9、Which one of the following statements is true?ALimited company status means that a company is only allowed to trade up to a predetermined turnover level in any one yearBFor organisations that have limited company status, ownership and control are legally separate.CThe benefit of being a sole trader is that you have no personal liability for the debts of your business.DOrdinary partnerships offer the same benefits as limited companies but are usually formed by professionals such as doctors and solicitors.答案解析：Rationale: In a limited company, the owners (shareholders) are separate from the managers of the concern (board of directors).Pitfalls: Some options look plausible because of the wording. ‘Limited’ doesn’t mean ‘only being allowed to trade up to’ - but looks as if it might. The second half of the statement about partnerships is true - but this doesn’t mean that the first half is also true.Ways in: You should have been able to ru le out A (no company’s turnover is limited), C (sole traders do have personal liability for debts: they do not have ‘limited liability’) and D (ordinary partnerships are different from limited companies)10、An organisation is owned and run by central government agencies. The organisation is best described as which of the following statements?AA voluntary sector organisationBA private sector organisationCA public sector organisation答案解析：Rationale: Such an organisation is part of the public sector. The voluntary sector comprises charities and other organisations whose members are volunteers. Private sector comprises nongovernmental organisations,such as limited companie.Pitfalls: Watch out for ‘public’ and ‘private’ sector terms - and be able to distinguish clearly between them.11、12、Which of the following groups may be considered to be stakeholders in the activities of a nuclear power station?(i) The government(ii) Environmental pressure groups(iii) Employees(iv) Local residentsA(i) (iii) and (iv)B(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)C(iii) onlyD(i) and (iii) only答案解析：Rationale: All these groups have a legitimate stake in the enterprise: the government, as a regulator; employees, as participants in the business; and environmental pressure group and local residents, because of potential impacts.Pitfalls: Don’t forget externa l stakeholders!13、The term secondary stakeholders describes which group of stakeholders?AStakeholders who conduct transactions with the organisationBStakeholders who have a contractual relationship with the organisationCStakeholders who do not have a contractual relationship with the organisation答案解析：Rationale: Secondary stakeholders are stakeholders who do not have a contractual relationship with the organisation.Primary stakeholders are stakeholders who do have a contractual relationship with the organisation.14、Which of the following organisations would rely most heavily on value for money indicators and efficiency rather than information on performance and profitability?AA private accountancy collegeBA local authorityCA small retailer答案解析：。