chapter7黑大跨文化教学课件
跨文化交际(UNIT 7)[优质ppt]
2) Time is cyclical. Life on earth evolved in response to the cycles of day and night and the ebb and flow of the tides.
Chronemics
➢ Monochronic and Polychronic Time (p256-257) 1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is
Chronemics
2. What is the philosophy underlying each of the time system?
1) P-time stresses involvement of people and completion of transactions rather than adherence to present schedules. Appointments are not taken as seriously and, as a consequence, are frequently broken. P-time is treated as less tangible than M-time.
跨文化交际-Unit 7PPT教学课件
2020/12/09
7
Culture notes
Obligation in Western culture: Westerners tend to see a fairly clear line between “official” responsibilities and personal favors, and feel relatively little obligation to repay people who help them in the course of some type of official duty.
How do you think Hal nd his friends felt when the teacher refused?
Why do you think the teacher refused to help with the English club?
Personal explanations Situational explanations Cultural explanations
5. The teacher doesn’t feel she has any obligation to help out Hal and his friends. She thinks that in helping her they were only doing their duty, so she doesn’t owe them anything. (Cultural)
6. The teacher is willing to help some, but afraid that she will end up doing most of the work in running the club, so she is trying to minimize expectations. (Situational/personal)
黑龙江大学跨文化案例分析Cases
Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western brid e in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can ide ntify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. C ulture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usu ally take it for granted and never ask why.Case 4:Coconut-skating(用椰油保养地板的方法)The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s lear ned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine w oman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.Case 12: Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural diff erences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand i s used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing abou t the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. Chapter 3 Culture’s I nfluence on PerceptionCase 16: Different Responses to NoiseThis case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two of people ca n assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they come from different cultures. Different soci al reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world. So it is very common fo r them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case, the German profess or and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise produced by the same motor for the heat ing system because of their cultures and living habits.Case 21: A Danish Woman in New YorkThis case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from anothe r culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people”and to assume there must be only on e way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leavin g the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is s uitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.Case 23:Girl-nessThis case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstr act ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages. Different cultures may attach differen t meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case, we should know what young females call them selves is very different in China from the States. In China, "girl" means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound more desirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, "w oman" means someone who is married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese female s, such as university students, would be insulted to be called "women". While in the West, in formal, public settings, it is customary to call any woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legally ol d enough to vote, marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. This terminology beca me widespread during the "women's liberation movement in the 1960s". The term "'girl" is sometimes interpre ted to be demeaning or disrespectful.Case 24:An Unfair DecisionThis case reflects prejudice, which involves an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of p eople. In this case, Mr. Bias decided to select someone else, instead of applicant from the country Levadel, fo r the position. That is just because he holds prejudice towards people from the country Levadel.Case 25:Success StoryOne of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions o f what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much more direct response to her questio n. Ms. Goshima, however, was uncomfortable with the question and felt her response should be very indirec t and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealing the answer to the question. If Mary had been mor e patient, she would have eventually heard the answer to her question, but she was not really paying attentio n when it finally came because she felt that Ms. Goshima's comments weren't really relevant to her query.Case 33:Are Americans Indifferent?This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communicatio n, especially facial expression differ according to different pared to most Chinese, Americans lik e to smile a lot and to have causal and rich facial expressions in their daily lives, even though they have som e misfortune. In this case, because of the different opinions about facial expressions in intercultural communic ation, the American lady talked about her father’s sickness and death in a smiling way to show she still has th e optimistic way to treat the future life, which is misunderstood as being indifferent and selfish by the Chines e.Case 36:Don’t Put Your Hand on My ArmThis case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have ver y different opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding th e physical body. Some cultures can have relatively close distance when communicating while other cultures ca nnot. Some western cultures consider body touch between people of the same gender to be cultural taboo an d a symbol of being homosexual.In this case, Sam is from western cultures and knows the social taboo of bod y touch very clearly,so he wouldn’t let others misunderstand Mark’s close body distance and touch with hi m, even though Mark from Chile doesn’t know the cultural taboo at all.Case 41: Getting FrustratedJay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn't apply in Saudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make sense to him. Much of the business done in Saudi Arabia depends on baksh eesh, a type of kickback to a middleman (and it is a man), who facilitates contacts between potential busines s partners. The middleman is doing a service and expects to get paid for it. The more baksheesh the person gi ves, the more likely it is that the person will succeed, because the middleman will be sure to treat him very w ell. Giving baksheesh is a norm in the Saudi business community. In addition, Saudis believe that God gave us multifunctional hands and that the hand is our best tool for eating. However, they are also concerned with h ygiene. They reserve the left hand for cleaning themselves and use the right hand for eating. Saudis have a n umber of norms related to restricting male and female interaction that, within the context of their religious bel iefs, make perfect sense but would be very inappropriate to most Westerners.Case 43: The Improvement Does Not WorkFollowing their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the i dea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups. However, as Park Young Sam mentions, doin g so upset the harmony of the groups, which in turn led to poor performance. In the United States, workers a re often motivated by the opportunity for promotion and advancement as this serves the individualistic drive f or individual achievement. In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a c ohesive and productive team. Individualism and collectivism are terms that describe whole cultures. But cultur es are not pure. Members of collectivist cultures may practice individualistic tendencies while members of indi vidualist cultures may value collectivist ideals. For example, Denmark is a country with both collectivistic and i ndividualistic tendencies. In Denmark, individual freedom is nurtured through a devotion to established traditi ons and customs. Regarding income and social rank, Danes are staunchly egalitarian. At the same time, howe ver, Danes consider themselves free to be nonconformist and to stand out from the group. In this way, Dane s may be at the theoretical midpoint of the individualism and collectivism cultural continuum.Case 44:When Shall We Meet For Dinner?Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue presented below,Kelly and Keiko ar e interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty av oidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance ind ex.In the dialogue above, Keiko is confused by Kelly’s easygoing attitude toward the evening’s plans. Comin g from a high uncertainty-avoidant culture, Keiko would prefer to plan ahead to avoid uncertainty and prepar e her script for the evening. Kelly, on the other hand, is perfectly comfortable making plans based on how th e evening progresses. Without a plan, how will Keiko know how to act?Case 48:Gift from a ChineseChinese people love giving gifts. Usually, the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver i s in the sender’s eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuabl e enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face.Dongxie may have a practical reason in giving the ginsen g to his manager, but most Chinese will take it as something usual for a subordinate to do this to a manager o ut of a sign of respect.North American companies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the frien dship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly s mall, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens.Case 50:Refuse to Be Treated?In the case just described, the U.S. American medical team system for making sense of the situation demande d that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. Each person was considered as wo rthwhile as the next, and so seriousness of injury appeared to be a natural way to determine who was seen fir st. However, the cultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and tr eated first. Their position, age, and wisdom demanded respect. For younger members of the community to go ahead of them in a time of crisis was seen as extremely disrespectful.The conflict centered on efforts by eac h side to do what they perceived as good and morally responsible. Because the U.S. Americans were in a bett er position to adapt than an entire community that had just suffered great loss and were under extreme stres s, it was good that they were willing to do so. Sadly, this is not always the case.Case 54: A Fish out of WaterThis case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological sympto ms. Culture shock is virtually a communication problem which involves the depressed feelings accompanying a lack of understanding of the verbal and nonverbal communication of the host culture, its customs, as wel l as its value systems. Culture shock happens when people have to deal with a huge amount of new perceptu al stimuli that are difficult to understand and interpret because the cultural context has changed. In this cas e, when the American student feels that his familiar cues from his native culture is removed, he becomes to re ject the new environment and he displays some psychological symptoms due to culture shock.Case 55:Missing China!This case can reflect reverse culture shock. When people return home after an extended stay in a foreign cult ure, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through th e four stages of the U-curve pattern once again. In this case, John, whose comes from Canada, has been livin g in China for quite a long time and he has got familiar with the Chinese culture. Therefore, when he returns t o Canada, he cannot adapt well to his native culture.。
跨文化交流与谈判-精品.ppt
Adapted from Figure 7–1: Explicit/Implicit Communication: An International Comparison
5
Phases of Multicultural Development
Table 7–1 Major Characteristics of Verbal Styles
5. 5. DEVELOP approaches to international negotiations that respond to differences in culture.
6. REVIEW different negotiating and bargaining behaviors that may improve negotiations and outcomes.
Context is information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message
Messages are often highly coded and implicit in high-context societies, such as Japan and many Arab countries
2. ANALYZE the common downward and upward communication flows used in international communication.
3. EXAMINE the language, perception, and culture of communication, and nonverbal barriers to effective international communications.
跨文化交际教程Unit7
The Main Content
Culture Conflict Definition The factors that influence the culture conflict Classifications
Culture Shock
Feelings of Culture Shock
Symptoms of Cultural Shock
Cultural Variations in Conducting Business
Cultural Variations in Selecting Negotiators Cutural Variations in Decision-making
Questions for Discussion
Do you still remember the barriers in intercultural communication ?
The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is both simple to understand, yet deeply complex. At the heart of this conflict is a basic idea that both sides believe: The Iraelis believe that they are entitled to the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine.
In fact, the report needed thirty days of regular work. So the Greek worked day and night, but at the end of the fifteenth day, he will needed one more day’s work. AB: Where is the report ? (I am making sure he fulfills his contract.) G: It will be ready to tomorrow. AB: But we had agreed it would be ready today. (I must teach him to fulfill a contract.) G: (The stupid boss! Not only did he give me wrong orders, but he does not appreciate that I did a thirty-day job in sixteen days.) The Greek hands in his resignation. The American is surprised. Questions: What are the causes of the conflict between the American and the Greek? Come up with your suggestions to resolve the conflict.
跨文化交际实用教程Unit7课件
倾听与尊重
积极倾听对方观点,尊重对方的
文化背景和价值观,避免偏见和
03
歧视。
适应与灵活变通
04 在交际过程中,灵活适应对方的 交际方式和文化背景,寻找共同 点与合作的可能性。
03
跨文化交际策略与技巧
文化适应策略
文化包容策略
在跨文化交际中,首先要采取文 化包容策略,尊重并接纳不同文 化背景的交际对象,以开放、宽
跨文化交际实用教程unit7课件
CONTENTS
• 引言 • 文化差异与交际障碍 • 跨文化交际策略与技巧 • 跨文化交际实践案例分析 • 跨文化交际自我提升计划
01
引言
跨文化交际定义与重要性
定义
跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的 人在交际过程中,通过语言、符 号等交流工具来传递信息、沟通 思想的过程。
调整
根据评估结果,对自我提升计划进行调整和优化。例如,如果发现某方面的能力 提升较慢,可以增加相关学习资源和实践机会;如果发现目标设定过高或过低, 可以适当调整目标。
谢谢您的聆听
THANKS
01
倾听技巧
在跨文化交际中,倾听是至关重要的技巧之一。交际者需要耐心倾听对
方表达,理解其观点和需求,从而做出恰准确传达,交际者需要掌握清晰、简洁、生动的表达技巧,
避免使用模糊、晦涩的措辞,降低误解的可能性。
03
非语言交际技巧
除了言语表达外,非语言交际如肢体语言、面部表情、声音语调等也在
旅游场合中的语言交流障碍
旅游时,语言交流障碍可能会给游客带来诸多不便,需要掌握基本的当地语言或英语等通用语言,并借助翻译工具等 解决交流问题。
跨文化交际在旅游服务中的重要性 旅游服务提供者需要掌握跨文化交际技巧,以提供更好的服务和体验,如酒店前台、导游等需要具备良 好的跨文化沟通和理解能力。
黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室
黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 8 月 30 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _艾军________________ 记录教师: _刘晓丹__________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007学年__秋季__学期日期:2006年 8 月 30 日时间:_13:30_至14:30__主讲教师: _常开媛__________ 记录教师: ___张知博________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 9 月 6 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _艾军________________ 记录教师: _董璇 __________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年月日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _______金梅_______ 记录教师: __________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录2006-2007学年秋季学期日期:2006年9 月 25日时间:14:00至15:00 主讲教师: 李晓光记录教师:参加教师:跨文化教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 9 月 27 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _宋冰________________ 记录教师: _刘晓丹__________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10月 18日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: 国玮秋________________ 记录教师:刘洋参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录__2006-2007____学年___秋学期日期:年月日时间:______至_______ 主讲教师: ___王凤____ 记录教师: ___王玉双________________参加教师:______跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10 月 25 日时间:_13:30_至14:00___ 主讲教师: _杨白________________ 记录教师: _杨白__________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10 月 25 日时间:_13:30_至14:00___ 主讲教师: _杨白________________ 记录教师: _杨白__________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 11 月 29 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___主讲教师: _张丽娇________________ 记录教师: _艾军__________________参加教师:跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 12 月 6 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _郑春梅________________ 记录教师: ____________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 12 月 7 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _严明______________ 记录教师: _艾军__________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师。
跨文化交际
Chapter 3 Culture’s Influence on Perception
Definitions Sensation: It is the neurological process by which people become aware of their environment.(感觉:感觉是人们意识到周 (感觉: 围环境的神经过程。 围环境的神经过程。) (P68/97) (2) Perception: It is the process by which we become aware of objects, events, and especially people and their behaviors through our various senses and involves higher-order cognition in the interpretation of the sensory information. (知觉:知觉是一种人们通过各种感觉来觉察 知觉: 知觉 事物、事件、人和人的行为的过程。 事物、事件、人和人的行为的过程。它是解 释感觉信息更为高阶的认知过程。 释感觉信息更为高阶的认知过程。) (P70/97)
Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication
Interethnic communication: It is the communication between or among people from different ethnic groups in a country or culture.(跨民族交际:跨民族交 (跨民族交际: 际是指来自一个国家或文化内部的不同民族 群体的人们之间的交际。) 。)(P56) 群体的人们之间的交际。) Intracultural communication: it is defined as communication between or among members of the same culture.(文化内交 ( 际:文化内交际是指同一文化内部的成员之 间的交际。) 间的交际。)
跨文化交际(UNIT 7)ppt课件
8
Reading I
Read the article “The Heartbeat of Culture” (p229232).
concepts of time and punctuality. Brazilians are
likely to attribute lateness for appointments to
unforeseen circumstances that the person couldn’t
control. They seem less inclined to feel personally
3
Warm Up
What is your sense of time? Go to answer the questions on Group Work (p235-236).
People who choose very different answers to these questions may find it difficult to communicate and get along with one another, for they are very likely to differ in sense of time and how time should be used. Sometimes we may make unfair judgments on other people and their characters simply because their understanding and use of time are different from ours.
跨文化交际实用教程Unit7PPT课件
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Understanding Negotiation Styles
© 2006 Prentice Hall
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Understanding Negotiation Styles
• For North Americans, negotiations are businesslike; their factual appeals are based on what they believe is objective information, presented with the assumption that it is understood by the other side on a logical basis.
• Role reversal: showing an understanding of the other party’s viewpoint and needs
© 2006 Prentice Hall
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The Negotiation Process
• Persuasion – during this stage both parties try to persuade the other to accept more of their position while giving up some of their own; there are recognizable tactics for this stage
negotiations
• Exchanging task related information – during this stage each side makes a presentation and states its position, normally followed by a question-and-answer session
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter7-2010
Text B
COMPONENTS OF CULTURAL PATTERNS
What are the Components of Cultural Patterns?
Social Practices
Cultural patterns
Beliefs
Values
Norms
Beliefs
Religious beliefs
Buddhism: life is suffering/suffering comes from desire. Islam: There is one and only one god. Muhammad is the prophet. Koran is the sacred book covering everything. Christianity: Jesus is the son of God. His salvation is to save people.
Questions to review
1. How to define Cultural Patterns ? 2. What are the components of cultural patterns?
Case 41 Getting Frustrated
1. Jay, an American businessman 2. He has a business trip in Saudi Arabia for two months. 3. Getting contact with money through the middlemen. 4. eating with hands and not the left hand 5. Men and women don’t eat together in the same room.
unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件-PPT精选文档
Time systems (Hall, 1976):
1) Monochronic Time (M-Time) 2) Polychronic Time (P-Time) 美国人类学家霍尔(Edward Hall)在《 超越文化》(Beyond Culture)一书中 首次区分了两种不同的时间观念,即“单向计 时制”(monochronic time)和“多向 计时制”(polychronic time)
Men take up more space than women in their use of gestures, body posture and movements: Legs spread apart when standing Wide use of arms when speaking And legs crossed at the ankles when sitting
Time
1) perceptions of past, present, and future 2) Hall’s monochronic and polychronic classifications
Past-oriented cultures
People regard previous experiences and events as most important. They place a primary emphasis on tradition. They show great respect for parents and the elderly. Country: ________ (P255)
Unit 7
Time and Space Across Cultures
黑龙江大学跨文化课后checklist
黑龙江大学跨文化课后checklistCHECKLISTChapter 1Fill in BlanksCulture : is the deposit of knowledge, experience, belief, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, not ions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in t he course of generations through individual and group striving.Subculture:refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region.Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of as acc umulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do.Culture Identity: refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.2 判断对错TRUE:1 The ice burger model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.2 People may sometimes get confused about his or her culture identity.3 A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.Wrong:1 Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.2 Scholars prefer the term subcultuer to co-culture indescribing a culture which exists within a dominate culture.Chapter 21 Fill in BlanksSender refers to the person who transmits a message.Channel (sometimes called the medium) is the method used to deliver a message.receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.International communication is communication between people whose culture perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.2 判断对错TRUE:1 Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.2 The process of communication has nine components: sender encoding message channel noise receiver decoding feedback and context.Wrong:1 Intracultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.2 The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding.Chapter 41 Fill in BlanksEthnocentrism:refers to negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture Prejudi ce: It refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientationRacism: It refers to any policy, practice, belief, or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individua ls based on their raceStereotypes: They refer to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership2 判断对错TRUE:1 Ethnocentrism stereotypes prejudice and racism are learned.2 Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments,they can also be positive.3 When communicating with people other cultures,an individual sometimes is likely to treat them as“his people”and to assume there is only one way of doing things: that is “his way”Wrong:1 Assumption of superiority may lead to assuming similarity instead of difference.2 Economy is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism.Chapter 51 Fill in BlanksVerbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communica te with each other by using language.Pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or lends languages for restricted purposes such as trading Dialect is a form of language peculiar to a group of people, as distinguished from the literary language of the whole people.Taboo refers to prohibition of a set of behaviors that shouldbe avoided because they are offensive and impol ite2 判断对错TRUE:1 The elaborate,exacting,or succinct communication style deals with the quantity and/or volume of talk that is preferred across cultural groups.2 Dialect refers to geographic variation, while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social group.3 An elaborate style of communication can be seen in Arab cultures.Wrong:1 The exacting style of communication can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures2 The self-effacement verbal styles emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.Chapter 61 Fill in Blanksnonverbal communication: It refers to the messages sent without using words.Oculesics: It is the study of communications sent by the eyes.Proxemics: is the way we use fixed space and personal space.Kinesics includes gestures, body movement and facial expressionsChronemics: It is the study of how people perceive and use time.2 判断对错TRUE:1 Saudi Arabs belong to touch cultures.2 The appropriateness of eye contact varies with differentcultures.Wrong:1 Speaking is the only mode of effective communication.2 The Thais like to touch babies or small children,especially they like others to pat their children’s head.3 Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.Chapter 71 Fill in Blanks1 Members in the culture of high Uncertainty avoidance havea lower tolerance for uncertain and ambiguity.2 Individuals from high power distance accept power as part of society.As a result,superiors consider their subordinates to be different from themselves and vice versa.3 People from high masculine cultures tend to see same-sex relationships as more intimate than opposite-sex relationships.4 In collective societies such as those in Pakistan,Colombia,Venezuela,China and Peru people are born into extended families that support and protect them in exchange for their loyalty.2 判断对错TRUE:1 In industrialized societies like the United States,the mastery-over-nature view tends to predominate.2 A doing orientation involved in focus on those types of activities which have outcomes that can be measured by someone else.3 In Beijing cultures,social status and position are more important than what a person does.Wrong:1 The harmony-with-nature orientation draws clear distinctions among human life,nature,and the supernature2 Both Americans and British shoe respect for tradition.Chapter 81 Fill in Blanks1 In Japan ,business is not conducted in obon (in mid-August),because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors.2 In India ,“the traditional greeting is the namaste formed by pressing the palms together,fingers up,below the chin.A slight bow may be added to show respect.”3 In Israel,the Jewish holy night, the sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset onSaturday.Therefore, the business week runs from Saturday through Thursday.Conducting business on the holy day would be highly inappropriate.4 In Saudi Arabia. No business is conduced during the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan.2 判断对错TRUE:1 In Finland, firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women.2 Americans might regard gift giving as a form of bribery.3 Mexican negotiators emphasize relational concerns prior to the real negotiation.Wrong:1 In Saudi Arabia,the greeting tend to be informal.Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving.2 In Japan,one should open the gift in front of the giver.Chapter 91 Fill in BlanksHoneymoon is the first stage of the interculture adaptation when everything is new and exciting. Segregation occurs because the more politically and economically powerful culture does not want the interc ultural contact with the immigrants Integration: is desire a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity wit h their native culture Assimilation is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losin g their culture in the process.Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.2 判断对错TRUE:1 Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.2 Financial matters can results in culture shock.Wrong:1 Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.2 The second stage of interculture adaptation is called honeymoon stage or initial euphoria stage.3 All the activities of learning one’s culture are called acculturation.4 Insomnia can be one example of the physical symptoms of culture shock,。
黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室
黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 8 月 30 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _艾军________________ 记录教师: _刘晓丹__________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007学年__秋季__学期日期:2006年 8 月 30 日时间:_13:30_至14:30__主讲教师: _常开媛__________ 记录教师: ___张知博________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 9 月 6 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _艾军________________ 记录教师: _董璇 __________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年月日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _______金梅_______ 记录教师: __________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录2006-2007学年秋季学期日期:2006年9 月 25日时间:14:00至15:00 主讲教师: 李晓光记录教师:参加教师:跨文化教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 9 月 27 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _宋冰________________ 记录教师: _刘晓丹__________________ 参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10月 18日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: 国玮秋________________ 记录教师:刘洋参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录__2006-2007____学年___秋学期日期:年月日时间:______至_______ 主讲教师: ___王凤____ 记录教师: ___王玉双________________参加教师:______跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10 月 25 日时间:_13:30_至14:00___ 主讲教师: _杨白________________ 记录教师: _杨白__________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 10 月 25 日时间:_13:30_至14:00___ 主讲教师: _杨白________________ 记录教师: _杨白__________________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 11 月 29 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___主讲教师: _张丽娇________________ 记录教师: _艾军__________________参加教师:跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 12 月 6 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _郑春梅________________ 记录教师: ____________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师黑龙江大学外语部第一教学中心跨文化交际教研室集体备课记录_2006-2007_学年__秋季__学期日期: 2006年 12 月 7 日时间:_13:30_至14:30___ 主讲教师: _严明______________ 记录教师: _艾军__________参加教师:____跨文化交际教研室全体教师亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。
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Beliefs
Cultural patterns
Social Practices
Valuestural Patterns
Values
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Tea Ceremony
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Low-context culture
A low context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.”
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text C: Edward T. Hall’s Contextculture theory
1)The definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it
is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.” 2)Categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the settings or from the words being exchanged.
High-context Low-context
Human Nature Person-Nature
Time Activity Relational
Individualism and Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power distance
Masculinity
An American standing on chair in restaurant
giving speech at his leaving his hometown
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Cultures Arranged Along the High-
—Confucius
Learning objectives:
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter Outline
Cultural Patterns
Definition
Components
Edward T Hall’s Context - Culture Theory
Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.
Kluckhohn Strodtbeck’s Orientation
and Value
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability
Ways
of
Thinking
Ways
of
Acting
Beliefs Values Norms
Social Practices
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
High-context culture
“A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Norms
Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. Norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Social Practices
Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. Thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms.
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
黑龙江大学外语部
An idiom
Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs
keep them apart.
–
Femininity
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Lead-in Case: Marriage and Social status
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Text A: Defining cultural patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns