Words and phrases
Words and phrases(1)
Words and phrasesWords1.音标2.名词，动词，形容词及副词·名词名词(Nouns，简称n.）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词(this / that / it / these / those / they)来替代。
可数名词（有复数，+s/es 1.个体名词，如：car,room等前面可加a,an,the修饰） 2. 集体名词，如：country,family等普通名词名词不可数名词（没复数，可 1.物质名词，如：air,water等用the，不能用a,an修饰） 2.抽象名词，如：health,life等专有名词，如：China,The Great Wall等注： 1. 个体名词（Individual Nouns）:表示单个的人和事物。
2.集体名词（Collective Nouns）: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
3.物质名词（Material Nouns）:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
4.抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
5.不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用a / an。
抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词6.可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西7.表示具体的人,事物,地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）·名词性短语名词性短语指指语法功能相当于名词的短语，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语，多为名词所有格。
名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。
Children’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。
WORDS AND PHRASES
Words
Supreme: adj.最高的，最重要的n. 至高，霸权 Usage:adj. Supreme is used in the title of a person or an official group to indicate that they are at the highest level in a particular organization or system,or greatest in status or authority or power. 最高的（权威、地位等）至高 无上的 Eg: the Supreme Court.最高法院 Supreme being 上帝
Phrases
1.burst through 冲破，拨开。 eg:The sun burst through. 太阳突然出来了。 2.be reluctant to do sh.不愿意做.. eg:We are reluctant to participate this activity. 3.Streaked with sth:与....混合，挑染 eg:Her hair streaked with red. 她的头发挑染的是红色。
Words
hue(n):色彩，色度。用于描述植物类的颜色，例如 花的颜色 eg:The same hue will look different in
different light. 同一颜色在不同的光线下看起来会有所不同。
pulsate(vi)搏动，悸动，有规律的跳动. eg:I felt my heart pulsate with the
Phrases
3.Streaked with sth:与....混合，挑染 eg:Her hair streaked with red. 她的头发挑染的是红色。 4.halfway up：半三腰 eg:Halfway up,I overlook the wonderful landscape.
Words and Phrases
用 alive, living, live, lively 填空 live 1. It wasn't a recorded show, it was________. living 2.He is one of the greatest __________ composers. 3.Who is the greatest composer _________? alive 4.The lessons given by Mr Smith are always ________ and interesting. lively
8. aim v./n.
aimless adj. 无目的的
①v. aim at 瞄准 aim to do=aim at doing sth以…为目 标，计划，打算
He aimed the gun at the enemy officer, but he didn’t shoot. I aim to be a lawyer. ②n. 目标，目的 What is your aim in life?
11.destroy vt.破坏,摧毁,毁灭,打破(希望，计 划) 辨析 damage, destroy，ruin (1)damage指部分损害，破坏或价值降低 (2)destroy 指破坏，毁灭，不可以修复 (3)ruin 泛指一般的破坏，常常构成短语 fall into ruin/lie in ruins 成为废墟
C C
A
B
5.Modern plastics can _____ very high and
very low temperatures.
A
A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support 6.People found him still __ after the car accident, so they sent him to hospital at once. A. alive B. living C. to live D. lively 7.— I’ve been told that the spots meeting might be_____ . — It all depends on the weather. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
key Words and Phrases
IN THE LONG RUN
从长远来看, 终究 从长远看, 物价肯定要涨。
In the long run prices are bound to rise.
IN CASE OF
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万一, 如果,发生 如果失火, 就赶快朝最近的门跑。 In case of fire, walk quickly to the nearest door. 防备 The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。 Take a spare tire along in case of need. 带个备用轮胎去, 以备不时之需。 In case of sth= in case that clause
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PHENOMENON/PHENOMENA
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n. 1.现象
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One of the businesses of the sociologists is to study the social phenomenon.
社会学家的任务之一是研究社会现象。
2.特殊的人[事物]，杰出的人，非凡的人（或事 物） Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
RESENTFUL/RESENTMENT
adj. 1.感到愤恨的, 表示愤恨的, 憎恨的 他对前妻怨恨极深。 He felt deeply resentful towards his ex-wife. 她对他的讲话方式不满。 She is resentful at the way he speaks.
words and phrases
28. applicable to适用于
29. apply to适用
30. appropriate for/to适当,合适
31. approximate to近似,接近
32. apt at聪明,善于
33. apt to易于
34. around the clock夜以继日
134. careful of/about/with小心,注意
135. certain of /about确信,肯定
136. chair a meeting 主持会议
137. charge sb. with sth.控告
138. clear of没有,不接触
139. clever at善于
140. close to接近,亲近
141. come in contact with 与…取得联系
142. come out of sth. alive大难不死
143. come up (with)提出,拿出
144. comparable to/with比作/比较
145. conscious of察觉到,意识到
194. familiar to sb为...所熟悉
195. familiar with sth熟悉,通晓
196. far from 远非,远离
197. fatal to致命的
198. favorable to支持,赞成
199. fearful Fra bibliotekf惧怕 200. feel at home熟悉
96. be pressed for time时间不够
97. be tied up with忙于
new words and phrases
1.金属带：metal strap2.锐边倒钝：smooth the sharp edge3.软石墨：soft graphite4.伸出：stretch/stick out5.visitor card=visitor pass6.issue:vt.发放7.gaze:n.凝视；注视vi.凝视；注视8.statistical analysis:统计分析9.metrology:n.度量衡；测量学；计量学；度量衡学10.in conjunction with:连同；共同；与…协力11.vernier caliper:游标卡尺12.autonomous region:自治区13.sanitary conditions:卫生条件14.outside micrometer:外径千分尺，螺旋卡尺，外径测微器15.dial indicator:刻度盘指示器；千分表16.tonify:v.滋补17.statutory body:法定机构；法定组织；法定团体18.attestation:n.证明；证据；证实；宣誓bel with:把…贴在上；标明20.paste up:用浆糊或胶水粘住；剪贴21.daub:vt.涂抹；乱画；弄脏n.涂抹；涂料；拙劣的画vi.涂抹；乱画22.concession:n.让步；特许（权）；承认；退位23.forestall:vt.垄断；预先阻止；先占一步24.furance:炉；加热炉；火炉；熔炉25.furnance:焚化炉26.engrave:vt.雕刻；铭记27.the identity:身份；同一性28.transplant:vt.移植；迁移；使移居n.移植；移植器官；被移植物；移居者vi.移植；迁移；移居29.blind lid: n.盲盖30.实现诺言\承诺：realize one’s promise: deliver on one’s commitment 31.兑现诺言\承诺：make good on one’s promise: fulfill one’s promise 32.履行诺言\承诺：live up to one’s promise 33.oily:油的；油质的；油滑的；油腔滑调的34.caliber:n.口径；才干；水准；器量；管径35.on arrival:到达；抵达时36.temper:vt.使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和n.脾气；（钢等）回火；性情；倾向vi.回火；调和37.anneal:vt.使退火，韧炼；锻炼n.退火；锻炼，磨练38.feasibility:n.可行性；可能性39.recipient:n.容器，接受者；容纳者adj.容易接受的，感受性强的40.accredit:vt.授权；信任；委派；归因于41.identation:凹痕；压痕；刻痕；凹陷；缩排；呈锯齿状42.weldment:n.焊件；焊成件；焊接装配43.flaw:vt.使无效；使破裂，使有缺陷n.瑕疵，裂纹；缺点；一阵狂风vi.生裂缝，变的有缺陷44.accreditation:n.委派；信赖；鉴定合格；认证，认可，资格认可45.outbound:adj.出站；驶向外国的，向外去的46.segregate:vt.使隔离；使分离；在实行种族隔离47.conscientiously:良心上48.countersign:n.口令；副署vt.副署；会签；确认49.ledger:n.总帐，分户总帐；分类帐；帐簿；底帐；（手脚架上的）横木50.periodic:周期的；定期的51.delivery valve:出油阀；排气阀；导出阀52.skewed:歪斜的；曲解的；负偏；左偏53.debris:n.碎片；残骸；碎屑54.countermark:vt.在…上加戳印；刻印n.戳记；附加记号55.trajectory:n.轨道。
unit 3 key words and phrases
n.
[U]挚爱；热爱；忠诚
28. resolve
vt.
解决;解除;决定;决心
29. ingredient
n
(食品的)成分,配料;因素,要素
30.chop
vt.
切；剁碎
31. concerning
prep.
关于
32.anticipate
vt.
预料；预计
33. compact
a.
结实的；紧凑的
vt.
劝告；忠告
14. harbor
vt./n.
(BrE harbour)心怀；港口
15. reservation
n.
存疑；保留;预订
16. prejudice
n.
偏见；成见
17. caring
a.
关心的,善解人意的
18. indication
n.
[C, U]迹象
19. confirm
vt./v.
证实；证明；确定；确认
a.
合得来的；兼容的；配套的
8. overlook
vt.
忽略；俯视；眺望
9. expectation
n.
[C, U]期待；预料
10. resistance
n.
抵制；反对；抵抗；对抗
11. supportive
a.
支持的；支援的
12. congratulation
n.
(~s)祝贺；道喜
13. counsel
Unit 3 key words and phrases
1. compromise
n./v.
妥协；折中
2. involved
U1-1 Words and phrases
参加聚会的人很多。
5. Several heads of state were in attendance at the funeral.
好几位国家元首参加了葬礼。
6. It was a record attendance for a midweek game.
boat on a lake or river for enjoyment （以娱乐为目的的）
划船
e.g. 1. We are going boating on the lake today.
我们今天打算去湖上泛舟。
2. Life is like a boat. Everybody must learn to be skilled in
big 急剧升降的
e.g. 1. The plane climbed steeply.
飞机陡直地爬升。
2. Export orders continued to fall steeply.
出口订单继续大幅下跌。
3. The price of vegetables has risen steeply.
e.g. The new laws gained widespread acceptance.
新法令受到广泛赞同。
2) (~ of) general agreement that sth. is true, reasonable, or cannot be changed 接受；认可
e.g. Alternative medicines are now winning greater acceptance among doctors.
words and phrases
Welfare 福利; routine日常的; migrant 移民者；候鸟; immigrant 移民; inequality不平等;Counterpart相对物; ally同盟，支持者; trigger扳机; turmoil混乱，焦虑; legislation;Fatality灾难; feasible可行的; implement实施; internalize使内在化; competence; mentor有经验可信赖的顾问; engender产生，引起; layoff停工，失业期; resentment愤恨，不满; banish排除; guidance; release; prospect; holiday with pay (paid vacation); tap one’s potential开发潜能; Guarantee; aging trend老龄化; gender ratio性别比例;national census人口普查; substantial大量的，结实的; boom; confine to 限于。
之内; have access to ; urbanization都市化; pension退休金; arduous努力的，艰巨的; injury compensation受伤补偿; overestimate对。
估计过高; prosperity繁荣，兴旺; buzz words术语; genius; assess; flatter奉承; accrue产生，获得; Sustainable development 可持续发展; deterioration恶化; Malnutrition营养不良illiteracy文盲; poverty alleviation济贫;Decisive决定性的，果断的RegulateIntervalIncentive动机Large base figurePredominanceUneven distributionTerritoryPer capitaCultivated landIntensifyUndermine (to make it weak or less likely to be successful) Life expectancyStereotype(a fixed general idea or image)SenileArable landSurplus labourResidential permitMobilityLag behindAt one’s own discretion (to have the freedom and authority to decide what to do)Discriminate againstEnvironmental degradationImplementArenaIndicativeImmigrationCategoryAlienGive priority toRefugeeAsylum seekerEnact将…制定成法律；通过（法案）;颁布When a government or authority enacts a proposal, they make it into a law.RestrictiveValidBarTime-consumingStatusEligibleConvictionSubmitAnnuallyLotterySymptomNot-for-profit corporationSlothGo overboard狂热追求；走极端Norm 规范；通例；常规epidemic 流行病；流行性的time constraint 时限vicious circlevirtuous circlestressed out 心力交瘁的；极度焦虑的debilitation 虚弱；乏力warrant 保证；担保dispensepharmacypotteryworkforceScandal 丑闻Misidentification 误认Overstatement 言过其实；夸张Understatement 轻描淡写；淡化Bribery 行贿SpotlightplightOvershadow 使。
高中英语外研版必修三 Module 2 words and phrases课件(共54张PPT)
[考点对接]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The new br idge under constr uction, __m__e_as_u_r_in_g__ (measur e) twice
1.keep one's figure 2.figure that ...
figure out figure on figure in 3.It figures./That figures.
保持体形 认为…… 想出，理解；弄明白，看透 指望，计划，打算，预料到 算进去，包括进去 有道理，合乎情理（情景交际）
有……（多少）收入
be on a high/low income 高/低收入
income tax
收入所得税
①--What is your income from your job? 你的工作收入是多少？
--I have an income of $200 a week. 我每周有200美元的收入。
②My income isn’t enough to support my family. 我的收入不够养家。
假如你是李华，现任你们学校的学生会主席。你将代表学生会起草
一份倡议书，号召全校同学行动起来，为环保运动做出自己的努力。
同时下周六学校将组织同学在全市进行环保宣传活动，征召志愿者
到校学生会报名。
注意：
（1）短文应该包括以上所提供的主要信息，可适当发挥：
（2）词数：120左右；
（3）倡议书格式以提供，不计入总词数；
辨析：state; situation; condition; position
Words and phrases
Words and phrases•DiscountAt a discount•Coincide with•Quotequote sb a price for sth.•commission•Delivery date•under separate cover (或by separate mail/post）另行邮寄•Place an order with sb•both excellent in quality and very reasonable in price•Be desirous of sth•Assure sb of sth.that从句•be (or: rest) assure of sth.be (or: rest) assure that 从句Words and phrases•Digital Cameras•Cosmetics•Portable computers•Parts and components of Automobiles•数码相机•化妆品•手提电脑•汽车零部件U n i t4Q u o t a t i o n s,S a l e s L e t t e r s,F i r m O f f e r s&C o u n t e r O f f e rIntroduction. 1、报价（quotation)是指按照规定的条款提供货物的一种承诺。
但若卖方后来决定不出售，它则不像实盘那样具有法律约束力，即它可以撤销。
•报价可以有不同的方式，比如，可以给买方开个价供其参考；也可以给买方报虚盘，作为交易磋商的邀请；还可以报实盘，作为签订合约的意见。
•卖方为了争取灵活主动，在报价时往往报虚盘。
虚盘有如下表达方法：•This offer is subject to our final confirmation.•该报盘以我方最后确认为准。
•This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.•该报盘以货物未出售为准。
词汇words and phrases
twice hole adv. 突然地； 出乎 suddenly v.跟随；紧跟 ground n. 地面 adj;粉色的 n.粉色 pink follow
field deep while
n. 衣袋；口袋
n.牧场；田地 adj;(从顶部向下)深的 conj; 当......的时候
v. 降落到地面 adj.干的； 干燥的
go off
与....无关 取代 .... 的位置 in front of 追逐；追赶 go off 在....的前 more than 面 熄 灭 run after have nothing to do 从前
on one's way to
take the palce of 在去....的路上 once upon a time 多于
fall / fell follow
v.下落； 跌落
v.跟随；紧跟 n.洞；孔；穴 n. 地面 adv. 两次；两倍
adv. 突然地； 出乎 意料地
hole
ground
twice
suddenly
pink
adj;粉色的 n.粉色
v.下落； 跌落 adv. 两次；两倍 n.洞；孔；穴
意料地
fall / fell
land dry
跌落 fall down sit by the river 坐在河边 a girl called 一个叫....的女孩 in the tree 在树上 once or twice 偶尔 think about 考虑； 思考 look into 快速或草率地查阅书等
坐在河边
跌落 偶尔
prefer ...to land on too...to
大二英语重点单词 Words and phrases
U n i t1W o r d s a n d P h r a s e s1.a b u s i v e:a d j.u s i n g o r c o n t a i n i n g c u r s e s骂人的，陋习的a b u s i v e f a t h e r暴力的父亲a b u s e:v.1）t r e a t s b.b a d l y;e x p l o i t虐待某人，剥削a m u c h ab u s e d w i f e备受虐待的妻子2)m a k e b a d o r w r o n g u s e o f s t h.:滥用、乱用（某事）a b u s e o n e’s a u t h o r i t y滥用权力，a b u s e o n e’s t r u s t辜负信任a b u s e:n.d r u g a b u s e滥用药品,c h i l d a b u s e虐待儿童2.b o m b a r d（L.13）v.—w o r r y w i t h q u e s t i o n s,r e q u e s t s,c o m p l a i n t s,e t c.困扰，质问T h e a u d i e n c e h i m w i t h m a n y q u e s t i o n s.I’m n o t v e r y k e e n o n w a t c h i n g T V,b e c a u s e w h e n e v e r y o u t u r n i t o n,y o u a r e w i t ha l o t o f a d v e r t i s e m e n t s.3.d e v a l u e(L.54)v.—r e d u c e t h e w o r t h o r v a l u e o f(s b./s t h.)降低，贬低L o t s o f p e o p l e t r i e d t o t h e g r e a t w r i t e r’s w o r k,a l l i n v a i n.W e s h a l l h a v e t o o u r c u r r e n c y s o o n i f w e d o n’t w a n t t o s e e a s h a r p d r o p i n o u re x p o r t s.构词法：前缀d e-有“减少，降低”之意。
u2 words and phrases
头痛 a head ache(headache) or pain(s) in head 脚痛 a foot ache or pain(s) on foot or sore on foot 牙痛 常用a sore on tooth，ache和pain亦可。 手痛 可用ache及pain及sore 肚子疼 可用ache及pain及sore 脖子痛 可用ache及pain及sore 腿痛 可用ache及pain及sore 胳膊痛 可用ache及pain及sore
All these things do not matter now. 所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。 所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。
problem n. 可数 问题,令人困惑的事物， 问题 令人困惑的事物，难以处理的事情 令人困惑的事物 These problems are the result of years of bad management. 这些问题是多年经营不善造成的后果。 这些问题是多年经营不善造成的后果。 no problem 没问题；没关系 没问题； ---“I'm sorry for knocking you.” ---“No problem.”
辨析： 辨析： matter question problem isபைடு நூலகம்ue
problem客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。（需要解决） 客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。（需要解决） 客观上存在的 。（需要解决
The problem was how to move the heavy machine. 问题是怎样搬动这个沉机器。 问题是怎样搬动这个沉机器。
我们都学了哪些情态动词？
shall(should) will( would) can (could) may (might) must need
Words and Phrases
Words and Phraseshavoc n.大破坏, 浩劫play havoc with …make havoc of …wreak havoc on …Integrateintegrate ... into使...并入integrate with与...结合integrate theory with practice使理论与实践相结合A integrates with B. A和B结合起来。
Integrity n.诚实, 正直, 廉正;完全, 完整, 完善a man of integrity 正直的人moral integrity 骨气, 气节, 道德高尚territorial integrity 领土完整defend the integrity of one's country保卫国家的完整intact 完整无损的, 未受影响的keep sth. intact 使某物保持原样leave sth. intact 使某物保持原样His honor remained intact.他的名誉完整无损。
Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained intact.虽然他遭到一连串的不幸, 他的信心和乐观丝毫未减。
integrate [美]取消(学校等的)种族隔离; 使(黑人等)不受歧视integrate a restaurant取消饭馆用餐的种族隔离vaccine牛痘; 疫苗vaccine lymph [virus] 痘苗vaccinate sb. against 给某人接种疫苗以防止… be vaccinated against …immune免疫的;被豁免的; 免除的be immune from punishment 免除处罚immune from taxation [taxes] 免税be immune to diphtheria 对白喉有免疫力be immune to all pleas 不容申辩immune to interference 无干扰的profile剖面, 侧面, 外形, 轮廓keep a low profile低姿态, 不出头露面, 不惹人注意Sympathy n.同情, 同情心He is in sympathy with their beliefs.他与他们的信仰一致seek sympathy from a friend想得到朋友的同情a letter of sympathy慰问信Popular sympathies are on her side.一般人的同情都在她这方面。
words and phrases
e.g. her copper-coloured hair 她那红棕色的头发
3) n. [C] coin made of copper or a copper alloy 铜币: e.g. It only costs a few coppers, ie is cheap. 这只值几个铜
板（很便宜）。
copper
1) n. [U] chemical element, a common reddish-brown metal 铜; 紫铜; 红铜: e.g. Is the pipe copper or lead? 这管子是铜的呢还是铅的? 2) n. [attrib 作定语] a copper pipe, wire, etc 铜管﹑ 丝﹑ 合
Words & Phrases
glint
1) vi. give out small, bright flashes of light 闪闪发光: e.g. She thought the diamond was lost until she saw something glinting on the carpet.
杰克把冰激凌球摞在一起，一个一个摞上去。
2) stack sth (with sth) put heaps or piles of things on or in a place 把某物堆放於某处: e.g. The whole garden was stacked with bricks. 园子里堆满了砖。
2) vi. (cause sth to) make a gentle ringing or clinking sound （使某物）发出叮当声: e.g. The coins jingled in his pocket.
words and phrases
1.hick n. 乡巴佬，土包子如：A hick town.一座乡村市镇2.get stuck with 无法摆脱; 与不喜欢的人在一起; 被强迫做如：So, who did you tick off to get stuck with this detail, Scully?史卡利，你是骂了谁才沦落到这边的？3.stood him up 让某人空等如：He stood her up on a blind date.相亲的时候他没有赴约4.disgusted adj. 厌恶的，讨厌的如：I'm disgusted with her affectation.我讨厌她的装腔作势。
5.write off n. 勾销，报废，完全无用，写信寄出We'll just have to write off the arrangement if we can't find the money for it. 这项计划如果筹不到钱就只得取消。
sic 用狗追某人singled-out 挑选出politicize vt. 使具有政治性如：The strike has now been politicized.这次罢工现已带有政治色彩。
cup of tea n. 命运；心爱之人或物1. neutral a.中立的，不偏不倚的；中性的2. info abbr. 信息，情报(=information)3. confusing adj. 使人困惑的，令人费解的4. vague a.含糊的，不明确的，模糊的5. skip v. 跳过，略过，遗漏6. nonsense n. 废话，胡说，荒唐7. cyber-stalk 网络搜索8. pro bono adj. 无偿的，为公众利益的Born and raised就是土生土长的意思1.You'll get your conscience smitten.你会受到良心的谴责。
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Words and phrases•DiscountAt a discount•Coincide with•Quotequote sb a price for sth.•commission•Delivery date•under separate cover (或by separate mail/post）另行邮寄•Place an order with sb•both excellent in quality and very reasonable in price•Be desirous of sth•Assure sb of sth.that从句•be (or: rest) assure of sth.be (or: rest) assure that 从句Words and phrases•Digital Cameras•Cosmetics•Portable computers•Parts and components of Automobiles•数码相机•化妆品•手提电脑•汽车零部件U n i t4Q u o t a t i o n s,S a l e s L e t t e r s,F i r m O f f e r s&C o u n t e r O f f e rIntroduction. 1、报价（quotation)是指按照规定的条款提供货物的一种承诺。
但若卖方后来决定不出售，它则不像实盘那样具有法律约束力，即它可以撤销。
•报价可以有不同的方式，比如，可以给买方开个价供其参考；也可以给买方报虚盘，作为交易磋商的邀请；还可以报实盘，作为签订合约的意见。
•卖方为了争取灵活主动，在报价时往往报虚盘。
虚盘有如下表达方法：•This offer is subject to our final confirmation.•该报盘以我方最后确认为准。
•This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.•该报盘以货物未出售为准。
Introduction2、报盘（offer)，也叫发盘，是卖方按照一定的交易条件在约定的期限内向买方出售某种商品的一种承诺。
报盘一经对方接受，就具有法律效力，卖方不得随意撤回。
买方可以直接接受、拒绝或还盘。
如买主认为报盘中任何条件无法接受，可还盘就价格、包装、数量或交货日期提出异议，并提出己方条件。
卖方对此还盘可进行再次还盘。
实盘和虚盘：•实盘(firm offer)：•1) 发盘的内容和词句必须肯定，不能用“大约（about）”“参考价（reference price）”等摸棱两可的词。
•2) 发盘的内容明确完整，其内容应包括商品品质（Quality），数量（Quantity），包装（Packing），价格（Price），装运（Shipment），支付（Payment）,有效期(Validity )等。
•3) 发盘中不能有保留条件如：以我方最后确认为准 subject to ourfinal confirmation以货物的未售出为准 subject to goods being unsold•4) 有效期1、this offer is firm (or: valid, open, good) for …days。
该报盘有效期为……天2、this offer is subject to your reply reaching us by (before) 11:00 am Beijing time, Friday, August 10.3、We make you an offer as follows, provided your reply (acceptance) reaches us within 10 days.实盘和虚盘：•虚盘( non-firm offer)•是发盘人所作的不肯定交易的表示.凡不符合实盘所具备的上述三个条件的发盘,都是虚盘.虚盘无须详细的内容和具体条件,也不注明有效期.它仅表示交易的意向,不具有法律效力。
Samples for Non-firm Offer：•Without engagement.不负任何责任.•subject to prior sale有权先售•Our offer is subject to approval of export license.出口许可证准许签证,我方报价才有效。
•Our offers are subject to market fluctuation•此发盘价可按市价增减Introduction3、还盘（counter-offer)交易的一方在收到一项发盘后，不能完全同意对方的交易条件，提出不同的建议，这种口头或书面的表示成为还盘或还价。
Letter-writing Guide完整的报价和发盘应包括以下内容：（1）对询盘表示感谢；（2）商品名称、质量、数量、包装及规格；（3）详细说明价格及价格所包含的内容；（4）说明付款条款；（5）装运期；（6）报价的有效期(如是实盘)；（7）结尾表示希望该报价对方能接受I quotation•Letter 1 (P60-61)•Anticipate vs. Expect: 盼望、期望•1、anticipate doing sth.•anticipate that从句•Eg. We anticipate receiving your early reply.•2、expect to do sth.•expect that从句•Eg. We expect the shipment to arrive in a few days. •2、A sharp rise in price 价格急剧上升a decline in prices: 物价下跌•3、The captioned goods 标题项下的货物•4、Growing demand 增长的需求• A large (great, good) demand 大的需求•Latent (potential) demand 潜在的需求•Overfull demand 过多的需求•Eg 获悉你地市场对婴儿玩具有较大需求，借此机会现寄上1234号报价单供参考。
•We have learnt that there is a good demand for baby toys in your market, and take this opportunity of enclosing ourquotation sheet no.1234 for your reference.•5、On the high (low) side (价格）偏高（低）•eg We regret to say that we cannot accept your offer, as your price is found to be on the high side.•6、provided conj.假若；倘使；假如•翻译：如果4月15日前收到贵方的订单，我们将给予贵方5%的货价折扣。
•Provided we receive your order by 15 April, we would allow 5% discount on the prices of goods.I quotation•Letter 2 (P63-64)1、offer: n. 报盘名词offer的基本用法是make (send, give) sb. an offer for sth.We are pleased to make you an offer for infrared equipment as follows.很荣幸向你们就红外线设备报盘如下。
翻译:请向我们报外科用品(surgical products)。
Please make us an offer for surgical products.I quotation•Letter 2 (P63-64)offer: v. 报盘动词的offer基本用法是to offer sb a pricefor sth 或 to offer sb sth。
Now we are offering you 50 metric tons of premixed concrete. 我们现在向你们报50公吨预拌混凝土。
你来翻译：能否向我们报服饰配件(garment accessories)价格？Can you offer us your prices for garment accessories?I quotation•Letter 3(P64-66)1、Price: Ex-work U.S.A. in US Currency CIF Guangzhou.在美国工厂交货，支付货币为美元，广州到岸价。
解析：报盘中的价格必须有四个要素：货币、单价、计价单位和贸易术语。
用at连接价格：We are glad to offer you 5000 yards of printed shirting at US$5 per yard CIF San Francisco.我们很高兴向你们报5000码印花细布，每码5美元，CIF旧金山。
你来翻译：现报2200箱鱼罐头（cartons of canned Fish），每箱50美元，FOB青岛价。
We are now offering you 2200 cartons of canned fish at US$50 per carton FOB Qingdao.I quotation•Letter 3 (P64-66)2、effect: ①vt. 办理，进行，完成，实现to effect payment/shipment/insurance办理支付/装运/保险effect: ② n. 效果；影响take effect from (or:on)come (or: go) into effect from (or:on)自（或在）……时开始生效I quotation•Letter 3 (P64-66)3、be subject to: 以…为准/为条件，受…制约注意to是介词，后接名词或名词性短语This offer is subject to our final confirmation.本报盘以我发最后确认为准。
你来翻译：本报盘以你方一周之内复到有效。
This offer is firm subject to your reply reaching us withinone week.II Offers•Letter 1 (P72-73)1、as per 按照根据指示，我们已要求工厂改进该产品的包装。