4种球根盆花的生育特性_植物学性状及花期调控研究_桂敏

4种球根盆花的生育特性・植物学性状及花期调控研究

桂敏,陈敏,黎霞,龙江,卢珍红　(云南省农业科学院花卉研究所,云南省花卉技术工程研究中心,云南昆明650205)

摘要　[目的]对4种球根花卉郁金香、风信子、洋水仙及朱顶红的生育特性、园艺学性状及花期调控进行研究。[方法]以不同方法栽培郁金香、风信子、洋水仙及朱顶红球根,观察生育特征;通过冷藏、去皮及赤霉素处理,调控花期。[结果]4种球根花卉品种的生育期差异较大,但在昆明地区种植均表现优良,成花率达98%以上。用2℃低温冷藏盆花,可有效地延迟郁金香、风信子、洋水仙的花期;赤霉素处理和去皮处理,可提早郁金香的花期。[结论]该研究可为郁金香、风信子、洋水仙及朱顶红的大规模推广应用提供理论依据。关键词　球根花卉;生育特性;植物学性状;花期调控

中图分类号　S682.2+

9 文献标识码　A 文章编号　0517-6611(2010)01-00131-03Study on Growth and D evelopm en t Character istics,Bot an ica l Character istics and Flower i ng Per iod Control of Four Flower Bulbs GU IM i n et a l (Yunnan Flower Research and Development Center,Fl ower Research I nstitute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science,Kunm ing,Yunnan 650205)

Abstract [Objective ]The research ai m ed to study the growth and development characteristics,botanical characteristics and flowering period contr ol of four fl ower bulbs of Tulipa gesneriana,Hyacinthus orientalis,N arcissus pseudonarcissus and H ippeastrum vittatum .[Method ]The four flowerbulbs were all cultured with different methods,and their characteristics of gr owth and devel opment were observed at the same ti m e .Their flowering peri ods were regulated with G A or peeling treat m ent .[Result]The results showed that the peri ods of gr owth and development were quite different among these f our flower bulbs,but they all grew very well in Kunm ing area,all with the rate of flowering over 98%.The fl ower 2ing peri ods of potted T .gesneriana,H.orientalis,N.pseudonarcissus were effectively delayed when storaged at 2℃,while the flowering peri 2od of T .gesneriana could be advanced with the treat m ent of G A or peeling .[Conclusi on ]This research could p rovide i mportant theoretical ref 2erences for the wide app lications of T .gesneriana,H.orientalis,N.pseudonarcissus and H.vittatum.Key words Flower bulbs;Growth and development;Botanical characteristic;Fl owering period control

为满足春节花展对球根盆花的需求,选择郁金香Tulipa

gesneriana )、风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis )、洋水仙(N arcissus pseudonarcissus )及朱顶红(H ippeastrum vittatum )等4种球根

花卉进行栽培,对其生育特性、园艺学性状及花期调控进行

研究,为其大规模推广应用提供重要的理论依据。

1　材料与方法

1.1　试验材料　荷兰进口的郁金香品种15个,风信子品种4个,洋水仙品种5个,朱顶红品种8个,品种详情见表1。

表1　球根花卉品种和种球大小

Table 1　Flower bulb var i ety and the S i ze of Bulbs

种类

S pecies

品种名

Variety na me

代号

Code 种球周径∥c m Circu mference of bulbs 种类S pecies

品种名

Variety na me 代号

Code 种球周径∥c m

Circumference of bulbs

郁金香

Abba

T112.7风信子Jan Bos H216.1Tulipa gesneriana

Monte carl o T212.9Pink Pearl H316.3Monsella

T312.8White Pearl H416.3Beauty of Apeldoorn T413.0洋水仙I ce Follies N118.9Yokoha ma

T513.5N arcissus Juanita

N218.5Christ m asMarvel T613.3pseudonarcissus Sli m Whit m an N318.4Don Quichotte T713.7Pr of Einstein N418.6Gander T813.8Standard Value N518.7Anna Jose

T913.3朱顶红Susan

A123.5Princess V ict oria T1013.3Hippeastrum Red Peacock A224.5Apeldoorn Elite T1113.7vittatum Hercules

A324.4Pur p le Flag T1213.6Apple B l osse m A424.0Pur p le Prince T1313.2Vera A524.0Jan Reus

T1414.2Red L i on

A624.1Queen of N ight T1514.5O ran S ourerein A723.8风信子

City of Haarle m

H1

16.2

Mont B lang

A8

24.0

Hyacinthus orientalis

作者简介　桂敏(1961-),女,云南昆明人,副研究员,从事花卉良种繁育

和品种推广研究。

收稿日期　2009209221

1.2　试验方法

1.2.1　种球的种植与管理。均用口径20c m ×16c m 塑料花

盆种植;盆栽土以2∶1腐殖土加珍珠岩。种前1m 3

土壤施1

kg 复合肥拌匀;土壤先淋水,湿润后上盆,盆底垫腐殖土粗渣

以便排水。郁金香每盆种3个球,水仙和风信子每盆种2个球,朱顶红每盆种1个球。覆土深度以浇水后刚露出鳞茎鼻尖顶痕为准,种好后花盆放在温室的高架苗床上;水仙、风信

子放在湿度较大的温室;郁金香放在湿度较小的温室。整个生长期均未追肥(因植株健壮无需追肥),管理的重点是湿度

(空气湿度、盆土水分)和温度调控。

1.2.2　花期调控。因对各品种的生育期尚未完全掌握,对

未来的天气状况也不能把握,因此对全部种类品种采用同期种植,中途再进行环境调控。对营养生长期短、开花早的郁金香、风信子及洋水仙品种,如T13、T11、N2和H4等分别放进9和2℃冷藏库冷藏。对营养生长期长、开花晚的郁金香品种T15和T10进行赤霉素处理试验,即在郁金香的植株长到5～10c m 时,在叶筒内滴入浓度400mg/L 的赤霉素液,每

安徽农业科学,Journal of Anhui Agri .Sci .2010,38(1):131-133责任编辑　张彩丽　责任校对　傅真治