2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题13:虚拟语气附解析

合集下载

高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案

高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解

高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解

虚拟语气(1)——倒推时态类定义:虚拟语气是一种动词形式,有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(非真实条件状从和让步状从)2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议(名词性从句:主宾表同)使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿(与事实相反或不太可能实现)(如果我是宇航员,我要在月球上跳舞)2.用来缓和语气,使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体(如果你能接受我的邀请,我将不胜感激)3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪(你要是能考上大学,全家都烧高香了)4.表示适度的责备或批评(如果你那时更耐心点,现在我们都成功了)5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福(祝你成功)1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气(错综时间条件句)定义:条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子:If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议,现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话,我明天还要再走一趟。

If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。

省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,并将were,should,had提前于句首,变为倒装句。

如果虚拟条件句是否定句,not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类:1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ;without;Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助,我们不可能完成任务。

高中英语虚拟语气语法知识点讲解

高中英语虚拟语气语法知识点讲解

高中英语虚拟语气知识点总结精华(名师总结必考语法知识点,建议下载练习)语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一、虚拟语气在条件状语句中的应用条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨,我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里,油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的,句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should/would/might/could +动词原形。

如:If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,条件从句的谓语用had + 过去分词,主句的谓语should /would/might/could + have +过去分词。

如:She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。

2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习虚拟语气含解析202101181169

2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习虚拟语气含解析202101181169

虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目,高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点,考生应予以重视。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不是表示客观存在的事实。

此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表二、其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式,在口语中,当主语是第一、三人称单数时,可用was,但在if的倒装句中只能用were。

如:Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话,我就会去向她道歉。

2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

如:Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。

He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。

(如insist表“坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were,可省略if,并将这些词提前引起倒装。

如:Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你,我会留下来。

Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我,我就不会错过它了。

4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。

如:But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助,我不会通过考试的。

Without water, there would be no life. 没有水,就没有生命。

高考英语语法:虚拟语气讲义

高考英语语法:虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。

一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式(be--were)Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式;should+V 原;were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)主句用:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:had+过去分词;主句:would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:条件状语从句:①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形;主句:would(should, could, might)+动词原形。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句:If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. (B)A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略if.采用倒装语序。

2020高考英语语法专题讲解与训练 虚拟语气

2020高考英语语法专题讲解与训练  虚拟语气

语法专题虚拟语气[考点解析]1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词过去式用were)”,主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。

如:If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间,她就会帮我了。

(事实上她没有时间)(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如:It we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.如果我们早点出发, 就不会错过这列火车了。

(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。

如:If Professor Li should have/were to have/had time tomorrow, we could ask himquestions. 如果李教授明天有时间的话, 我们就可以问他问题了。

虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式见下表:(1)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如:If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserablelife. 如果中国没有解放,那么劳动人民仍会过着悲惨的生活。

(从句指过去, 主句指现在)(2)在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,常可以省略if,将had, were或should 提至句首。

2020年高考英语词汇语法专题13:谓语动词易错点解题方法附解析

2020年高考英语词汇语法专题13:谓语动词易错点解题方法附解析

专题13 谓语动词易错点解题方法谓语动词:在英语中,动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。

谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要由实意动词充当。

谓语动词在形态变化上受主语的限制,有人称和数,时态,语态,主谓一致的变化,它是一个句子或一个从句中不可缺少的一部分。

英语句子的成分与现代汉语中的句子成分类似,基本构成也包含主、谓、宾,有时有补语、定语,状语,还有插入语,同位语等成分。

Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜欢流行音乐。

(动词用单数第三人称形式,作谓语)Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。

(has动词作谓语,to do 不定式作定语,说明nothing)现在高考更侧重词义的辨析和时态的变化及主谓一致等。

典型陷阱真题分析◆1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.A.advertiseB.advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise to【答案】C.【解析】容易误选B,认为advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。

事实上,正确答案为A。

advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词for,表示“做广告征求”。

比较:advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人(此时advertise 不及物)advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传…(此时advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语) People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。

2020年高考英语真题和模拟题(含答案及解析)动词的时态和语态及情态动词和虚拟语气

2020年高考英语真题和模拟题(含答案及解析)动词的时态和语态及情态动词和虚拟语气

2020 年高考英语真题/模拟题+答案+解析(动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气)一、2020 年高考真题1\(2020·新课标III 卷语法填空)65(When/As)he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66.(point) down the river.【答案】pointed【解析】考查动词时态。

句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。

根据上文they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。

故填pointed。

2、(2020·浙江卷语法填空)And,as more children were born,morefood59.(need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查时态语态。

句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。

分析句子,逻辑主语和need 之间表示被动逻辑。

同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。

故此处应用过去时的被动语态。

food 为不可数名词。

故填was needed。

3、(2020·浙江卷语法填空)By about 6000 BC,people 61.(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】考查时态。

句意:大约在公元前6000 年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。

分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。

逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。

by + 过去时间译为“到..为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。

故填had discovered.4、(2020·浙江卷语法填空)New methods 65.(mean)that fewer people worked infarming.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。

虚拟语气讲解(整理)

虚拟语气讲解(整理)

(3)虚拟语气在 在主语从句中
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词 用: should + 动词原形
1. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
7. It is of the utmost importance that you ______ here on time. a. be b. shall be c. are to be d. must be
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓 语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should 不能省略. It is high time that you went / should go to school.
I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式,即 表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反 用过去完成式 (had done).

高考英语:虚拟语气全解析(含具体讲解,习题及答案)

高考英语:虚拟语气全解析(含具体讲解,习题及答案)

• 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
• 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件 句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何。 在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天 不下雨,我们就去公园。
• 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: • (l)省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有
were,had 或 should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放 到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要 是来了,让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不做这事。 • (2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并 不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话,就不会有生 物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的 帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。
we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。
(2)It’s time that …+ 动词过去式 should+动词原形
“该做……的时候了”
It is time we got up . 该是起床的时间了.

(完整版)虚拟语气讲解及练习题(含答案和解释)

(完整版)虚拟语气讲解及练习题(含答案和解释)

(完整版)虚拟语气讲解及练习题(含答案和解释)虚拟语气讲解与练习黄志刚2013.10.一. 简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。

即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。

二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真:eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。

( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。

(真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)非真:eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。

(非真实条件状语从句)If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。

(非真实条件状语从句)2、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况,例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。

(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。

(事实:不知道) 3.If there were no air orwater, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案解析

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习附答案

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.(2)表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.(3)表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

高考英语语法——虚拟语气

高考英语语法——虚拟语气

虚拟语气一、定义:虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反,或不可能发生的情况。

1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2)表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3)表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4)※注意:虚拟语气的倒装语序:如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。

虚拟语气讲解及例题分析

虚拟语气讲解及例题分析

虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

一、语气的定义和种类1.陈述语气陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句,可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的。

Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗?How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊!2.祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。

Come this way, please! 请这边走。

Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗?Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。

3.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运!二、简单句中的虚拟语气(一)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。

如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

2020届高考语法专题复习 虚拟语气精品讲解

2020届高考语法专题复习 虚拟语气精品讲解

2020;2020届高考语法专题复习虚拟语气精品讲解英语中语气分为三类:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。

陈述语气:把一句话作为对情况的叙述或询问说出来,就用陈述语气,用于陈述句,疑问句和感叹句。

日常生活中大多使用这种语气。

祈使语气:提出劝告,请求,命令等时,就用祈使语气,用于祈使句。

eg.Be careful!小心!当心!Freeze!别动!Let's go!我们走!虚拟语气:若说的不是事实,也不是要求,命令,劝告等,而是一种假设,愿望,建议或实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气。

例如:要是我能飞该多好啊!(事实上我飞不起来)要是奥黛丽.赫本是我女朋友该多好啊!(事实上这是不可能的)我建议大家要努力学习。

(表建议,用虚拟语气)1.虚拟语气用于条件句条件句(真实条件句和非真实条件句)。

真实条件句:指if引导的条件句有实现的可能性。

非真实条件句:指假设的情况完全不存在或实现的可能性很小,这时就用虚拟语气来表示。

此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。

即:该用现在时,则用过去时该用过去时,则用过去完成时该用将来时,则用过去将来时该用过去将来时,则用过去将来完成时(一)、表示与现在事实相反的情况。

其句子结构为:从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……例: 1.If the weather were fine, I would go there.如果天气好,我去那儿。

(事实天气不好)2.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境。

(而事实上得到了你们的帮助)(二)、表示与过去事实相反的条件句。

其句子结构为:从句:If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……主句:主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……例如: 1.If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析13虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。

高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。

考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况,并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。

考点一用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反,从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间,用不同的形式。

时间条件从句结果主句现在动词过去式would/should/could/might + 动词原形过去had + 过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词将来should/were to + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. (2018北京)A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。

2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.(2017北京)A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。

3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. (2016北京)A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B【解析】由last week可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。

4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________.(2016天津)A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故主句用would have done。

5. If I _____it with my own eyes, I would n’t have believed it. (2015北京)A .didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. Wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。

6. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. (2014北京)A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与现在事实相反,故主句用“would+动词原形”。

7. If Mr. Dewey _______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. (2014湖南)A. wereB. had beenC. should beD. was【答案】B【解析】句意:如果杜威先生当时在场的话,他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。

根据主句中的would have offered可知,是表示与过去事实相反,故条件句用过去完成时。

8. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012安徽)A.lives B.would live C.has lived D.were to live【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,从句表示与将来事实相反,故用“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”。

注意:有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致,这种从句称作交错条件句。

主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。

常见的交错时间是:从句表示过去,主句表示现在。

例如:1.If we _______the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. (2018天津)A. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。

故从句用过去完成时。

2. If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. (2016江苏)A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。

故从句用过去完成时。

3. If we ______ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. (2013北京)A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。

故从句用过去完成时。

4. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. (2013天津)A. will beB. would beC. has beenD. would have been【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。

故主句用“would+动词原形”。

故选B。

考点二用于含蓄条件句含蓄条件句是指没有完整的条件从句,但在上下文中隐含了条件的意味。

这种条件意味常由otherwise, but for, with, without, or等词语表现出来。

1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _________ the task in half the time. (2019天津)A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】由前半句可知,与过去事实相反;otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句,后面的句子相当于一个主句,故谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。

2. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. (2019江苏)A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】由You missed the sightseeing可知,与过去事实相反;or暗含虚拟条件,相当于if you hadn’t missed the sightseeing,其后的句子相当于主句,故谓语动词用would have done。

3. —Do you have Betty’s phone number? (2017天津)—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t beenB. wouldn’t have beenC. weren’tD. wouldn’t be【答案】B【解析】由yesterday可知,与过去事实相反,otherwise相当于if I hadn’t had Betty’s number,其后的句子相当于主句,谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。

4. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. (2015重庆)A. didn’t writeB. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t writeD. wouldn’t have written【解析】Without his wartime experiences是个含蓄条件句,与过去事实相反,其后的句子相当于主句,谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。

5. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now. (2015安徽)A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had【答案】C【解析】or暗含虚拟条件,相当于if we didn’t book a room,其后的句子相当于主句,由时间状语now可知,与现在事实相反,故谓语动词用would do。

6. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help. (2014浙江)A. would have comeB. could comeC. have comeD. had come【答案】A【解析】or暗含虚拟条件。

由语境可知,这里表示与过去事实相反,故后面的句子用would have done。

考点三用于名词性从句中wish, would rather等后面的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望;与“建议、命令、要求”有关的名词性从句,谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,should可省略。

相关文档
最新文档