英文行文格式2-省略号分号冒号问号

英文行文格式2-省略号，分号，冒号，问号
4.1.3省略号(...)(Ellipsis)
稍稍分开的三个句号就构成了省略号，表示在引语中省略了一个或更多的词。

试比较下列两句：
例1.●The descriptions of appropriate usage are based on the dicta of recognized authorities; on my own experience as reader, writer, teacher, linguist, editor, and observer of the linguistic scene; and occasionally, simply on my own preferences and prejudices.
如果将其中的一部分词省略，就可写成这样：
●The descriptions of appropriate usage are based on the dicta of recognized
authorities; on my own experience as reader, writer, teacher...; and occasionally simply on my own preferences and prejudices.
这样的三个稍稍分开的句号(...)有时也表示说话停顿或迟疑。

例如：●“ How about you?”
●“ I don’t know...your word.”
“我不太明白……你的意思。

”
如在一句话的末尾用省略号，后面还得加句号。

这样一来，四个句号就用在一起了。

例如：
●“ What do you mean?”
●“ I’m sorry...”
4.1.4分号(;)(Semicolon)
4.1.4.1两个并列从句之间如不用连词(and，but，or，nor，for，so，yet)，也可用分号。

例如：
●No one is born with knowledge; knowledge must be taught and learned.
●If she married that man，her parents would be unhappy; if she left him，she
herself would be unhappy.
上面所给出的每一句都可以分成两个独立的句子并且不改变原意。

但连成一句使两部分的联系比分成两句时要紧密一些。

分号的主要功能便是表示意思相关的句子之间的联系。

有些起联系作用的副词，如however，therefore，hence，nevertheless，moreover，thus，otherwise，besides等，是不应该用作连词来联系并列从句的。

在它们之前应用分号而不是逗号。

例如：
●She planned to go with them on the trip; however，her son’s sudden illness prevented her from leaving home.
●The invention brought him fame; moreover, it brought him money．
在上面各句中，分号都不可以用逗号来代替。

有的人在so和yet前用分号而不用逗号，那是因为他们认为这两个词是副词。

4.1.4.2如果从句内已有标点，即使句中有连词仍然应该用分号。

例如：
●Unfortunately, he couldn’t come; and his absence made things difficult for us.
●Before she came, we had expected her to help us; but when she was with us,
she didn’t do much.
4.1.4.3如果若干个项目内已有逗号，可用分号将各项分开。

例如：
●On the committee are quite a few well-known people; for example, Professor
Zhang, Dean of the Normal College; Mr. Zhao, editor-in-chief of the local evening paper; Miss Xu, a popular actress; and Mr. Hu, Director of the Bureau
of Culture.
4.1.4.4如果一个从句内带有省略部分，可用分号把它和别的从句联系起来；省略处有时可以用逗号标出。

例如：
●There are four winners in their university; in our university, none.
4.1.5冒号(：)(Colon)
4.1.
5.1冒号可以用来引出解释语、小结部分或同位语。

例如：
●Three causes have been given for the failure：poor planning, insufficient manpower, and the shortage of material.
4.1.
5.2冒号用于引语或陈述句之前。

例如：
●My grandpa often mentions one saying by Confucius：“To say you know when
you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge.”
4.1.
5.3在表示时间时冒号可以用来区分小时与分钟，还可以表示赛事的比分，可以在事务性的信件中放在称呼之后，可在演讲稿中放在对主席和听众的称呼之后。

例如：
●The plane leaves at 11∶16 p.m.
●China beat Japan 3∶0 in the women’s volleyball tournament
●Dear Mr. Brown：(在个人信件中逗号更常见)
●Ladies and gentlemen：
4.1.6问号(?)(Question Mark)
4.1.6.1问号用于直接问句之后，但间接问句后不用问号。

例如：
●Are you a student?
●What’s in your big box?
●He asked, “Where are you going?”
●She asked me where I had put her book.
4.1.6.2陈述句和祈使句被用作问句时，句末也要加问号。

例如：
●You read the book for us this morning?
●Five Yuan is enough?
4.1.6.3一个问句中涉及许多项目时，各项之后都可以使用问号。

例如：
●Did he bring milk? butter? beef? eggs?
每个名词后面都有一问号来表示停顿，加重了对各项进行提问的语气。

4.1.6.4放在括号中的问号表示不能肯定它前面的那个词、数字或日期的准确性。

例如：
●The author of the book was born in 1026(?) and died in 1106.。