配套K12九年级英语下册 Unit 2 Great people词汇与语法基础训练 (新版)牛津版

Unit 2 Great people 知识精讲一、必背词汇inventor n.发明者invent v.发明explore n.探险者；考察者South African n.南非人fighter n.斗士，战斗者；战斗机invention n.发明物；创意Italian n.意大利人European n.欧洲人Russian n.俄罗斯人pilot n.飞行员licence n.执照，许可证（英）license v. 许可，授权（美）navy n.海军serve v.服役；服务，招待test v.测试；检验aircraft n.飞机，航空器astronaut n.宇航员spacecraft n. (单复同)宇宙飞船，航天器spin v.快速旋转control n.控制，支配order n.命令，指挥，要求Pacific adj.太平洋的ocean n.海洋land v.（使）着陆，（使）降落step n.一步（n.）；走，跨步（vi）giant adj.巨大的；伟大的leap n.跳跃；跃升mankind n.人类step v.一步（n.）；走，跨步（vi）surface n.表面；表层further adj.更多的，更进一步的citizen n.公民；市民pride n.骄傲；可引以为豪的人（或物）passage n.章节，乐段mathematics n.数学（=maths）scientist n.科学家radium n.镭laboratory n. 实验室（=lab）professor n.教授discovery n.发现；发现物unknown adj.未知的；不出名的widely adv.广泛地，普遍地hybrid adj. 杂交的title n.标题；职位名称agriculture n.农业hunger n.饥饿advantage n.优势，有利条件contribution n.贡献increase v.增加production n.生产；产量development n.发展二、重点词汇1. invent v. /ɪnˈvent/1). to design and/or create something that has never been made before发明，创造例句： The first safety razor was invented by company founder King C. Gillette in 1903.第一把安全剃刀由公司创始人金‧坎普‧吉列于1903年发明。

2). to create a reason, excuse, story, etc. that is not true, usually to deceive someone捏造，编造，虚构例句： But I didn't invent the story - everything I told you is true.但我没有胡编——我告诉你的都是真的。

2. license v. /ˈlaɪ.səns/to give someone official permission to do or have something许可，授权，特许例句： Several companies have been licensed to sell these products.一些公司获得了这些产品的销售许可。

3. spin v. /spɪn/1). to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast（使）（尤指快速）旋转例句：The earth spins on its axis. 地球绕地轴旋转。

2). to make thread by twisting fibres , or to produce something using thread纺线；纺纱；纺织例句： Spiders spin webs. 蜘蛛结网。

4. pride n. /praɪd/1). a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good自豪，得意例句： She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award.看着他接过那个奖她感到非常自豪。

2). your feelings of your own worth and respect for yourself自尊（心）例句：She has too much pride to accept any help.她自尊心太强，不肯接受任何帮助。

5. advantage n. /ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/a condition giving a greater chance of success有利条件，有利因素；优势；好处例句：It would be to your advantage to agree to his demands.答应他的要求对你有利。

【拓展】take advantage of sthto use the good things in a situation利用；利用…的机会例句： I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here.我想趁我在这儿期间，要好好利用一下这里的体育设施。

三、必背短语out of control 失去控制，无法管理cut ... short 缩短by hand 手工happen to 碰巧at present 现在，目前work on 从事，致力于the pride of ……的骄傲become interested in 对……产生兴趣四、经典句型1. I've never heard of him.我从没听说过他。

2. He became interested in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six.他六岁第一次坐飞机时就对飞行产生了兴趣。

3. On 20 July 1969, Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.在1969年7月20日，阿姆斯特朗成为了第一个登上月球的人。

4. He was the pride of the whole world.他是全世界的骄傲。

5. Who do you think is the greatest person in history?你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人。

三点剖析一、考点几种易混淆时态辨析1. 一般现在时和现在进行时1). 一般现在时可以表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；而现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

例句： I often take a bus to school. 我常乘公共汽车去学校。

He is looking after his baby now. 他现在正在照看他的孩子。

2). 一般现在时可以表示一个动作接着一个动作，表示事件的连续性；而现在进行时表示两个动作同时进行。

例句： The film is over and he goes home. 电影结束后,他回家了。

He is doing his homework and his father is cooking.他在做作业，他的爸爸在做饭。

3). 一般现在时可以表示按照时间表或计划表所做的事情；而现在进行时表示正在发生或将发生的动作或事情。

例句：The class begins at 2 p.m. 这节课在下午两点钟开始。

The bus is coming. 公交车就要来了。

4). 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom,never, on Sundays, every day, every year, once a year, three times a year等。

与现在进行时连用的时间状语：at the moment, now, right now 等。

另外还有几个标志性动词，如look, listen 等。

2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1). 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态；过去进行时强调在过去某个时间内正在进行的动作。

例句： He went home by car yesterday. 昨天他开车回家了。

He was shopping at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点他正在购物。

2). 一般过去时可以表示过去特定时间一次完成的具有先后顺序的几个动作，此时一般不出现时间状语；而过去进行时表示过去同一时间发生的事情。

例句： He went home and did his homework. 他回家做作业了。

He was cooking while his father was watching TV. 当他爸爸在看电视的时候，他在做饭。

3). 过去进行时常用的时间状语有from eight to ten last night, at this time yesterday 等。

4). go, come, leave, arrive, start 等动词的过去进行时表示从过去某一时间的角度看即将发生的动作。

例句：He told me he was leaving for Shanghai. 他告诉我他将要去上海。

3. 一般过去时和现在完成时1). 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态；现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响。

例句：He went home with his father last night.他昨天晚上和他的爸爸一起回家了。

He has already bought two cars. 他已经买了两辆车了。

2). 一般过去时可以表示过去某个时间发生的动作；而现在完成时可以表示过去某个动作一直持续到现在。

例句：He came here two years ago. 他两年前来到了这里。

He has travelled to most of the cities in China since five years ago.五年来他已游遍了中国的大多数城市。