牛津上海版八年级下册英语 Unit3 知识点复习学案

八年级下U3知识点复习教案
Words and expressions.
Ⅰ. Words.
1. servant n. 仆人；佣人
e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. [谚]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。

A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。

【知识拓展】serve v. 服务，待客
e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。

service n. 服务
e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。

2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人
e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。

（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧
e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。

【知识拓展】trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招
e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。

The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。

3. electricity n. 电
e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。

【知识拓展】electrician n. 电工electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的
e.g. an electric cenerator发电机an electric plug电源插头an electric iron电熨斗
4. flow v. 流动
e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。

【常用搭配】flow away流走；流逝flow down流下flow into流入
e.g. Time flows away quickly. 时光飞逝。

Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。

Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。

5. meter n. 仪表；计量表
【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表an electricity meter电表 a speed meter速度表
e.g. There's a gas meter in every home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。

6. amount n. 数量；量
e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。

What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？
7. monthly adv. 每月一次
e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。

We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我们每月付一次电话账单。

【知识拓展】daily adv. 每天一次，每天地weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地
8. explanation n. 解释；解说；说明
e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that he's mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。

【知识拓展】explain v. 解释；说明
e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？
9. scratch v. 搔；挠
e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。

（常与out，off，through连用）刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉
e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。

Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？
10. invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的
e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它移动的时候我们能感受到。

【知识拓展】visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的vision n. 视力
e.g. Air isn't a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。

She has good vision. 她的视力很好。

11. form n. 形状；形式
e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。

【知识拓展】form n. 方式；制度
e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。

l2. energy n. 能量
e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。

Each year Americans use a high percentage of the world's energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。

【知识拓展】energetic adj. 精力充沛的
e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。

13. bulb n. 电灯泡
e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 这个灯泡坏了，请再换一个。

14. connect v. 连接，联合
e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？
This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。

This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。

【常用搭配】connect with和……有联系，和……有关
e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。

15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋
e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。

Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.
矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。

He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。

16. politely adv. 客气地，斯文地
e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely. 你必须有礼貌地服务我们的客人。

Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地拒绝了。

【知识拓展】polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的politeness n. 有礼，优雅
e.g. It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。

17. grin v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑
e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday presents.
当他打开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。

【知识拓展】grin vt. 咧嘴而笑
e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高兴得咧开嘴笑。

18. battery n. 电池
e. g. Our bus won't start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。

This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。

19. contain v. 包含，含有
e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。

The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。

两个单词都含“包含，容纳”的意思。

contain着重“其中确实包含有”。

e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。

hold指“能容纳”。

e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。

Ⅱ. Daily expressions. 日常表达
1. be careful with谨慎，小心
e. g. Be careful with those delicate plates. 使用那些细巧的盘子要小心。

Be careful when you're crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。

2. change into 变为；使改变
e.g. The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨，水变成了冰。

We can change electricity into different forms of energy such as light energy.
我们能把电变成各种形式的能量，比如光能。

The witch tried to change iron into gold. 那位巫婆试图把铁变成金。

3. think of思考，想出来
e.g. Have you thought of what job you are going to do? 你考虑过准备做什么工作了吗？
We are thinking of going to France. 我们正考虑到法国去。

I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。

4. be connected to被连接到
e.g. Are these cables connected to the power station?这些电缆是连接到发电站的吗？
The channel will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.
这条隧道将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。

5. at last最后
e.g. He waited for the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等了一个小时的公交车，最后终于来了。

【随堂小练】
I . Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
5.The weather in Shanghai is always (change) in spring.
II. Choose the right word to complete the sentence.
【keys】
I. 1. batteries 2. foolish 3. monthly 4. servant 5. changeable
II. 1. for 2. in 3. with 4. to 5. in
Important Sentences structures.
1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！
句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能”。

情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。

(1)肯定句：主语+can+动词原形……
e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。

(2)否定句：主语+cannot (can't)+动词原形……
e.g. I can't play football. 我不能踢足球。

(3)疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形……
回答：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+can't.
e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I can't. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。

／不，我不能。

2. …although electricity is much more dangerous than water.
(1) more+ adj. +than…
e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？
(2) more十n./phrase十than…
e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。

【知识拓展】关于比较级和最高级:
(1) 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。

e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest
slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest
但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。

e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly;
happily- more happily- the most happily
(2)对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。

e.g. beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful; dangerous-more dangerous-the most dangerous,
difficult-more difficult-the most difficult
3. You must always be careful with it.
句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定”。

(1)肯定句：主语+must+动词原形……
e. g. I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。

(2)否定句：主语+must not (mustn't)+动词原形……
e.g. I mustn’t go home now. 我现在不准回家。

(3)疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形……
回答：Yes, 十主语+must. ／No, +主语十needn't.
e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.／No, you needn't. 现在我必须回家吗？是的，你
必须。

／不，你不必。

4. May I have my packet of electricity?
句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以”。

(1)肯定句：主语+may+动词原形…¨
e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。

(2)否定句：主语+may not+动词原形……
You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。

(3)疑问句：May+主语+动词原形……
回答：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not.
e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下吗？是的，你可以。

／不，
你不可以。

【随堂练习】
Ⅰ. Read and choose the best answer.
A. think of
B. think about
C. think over
D. think in
()2. Please __________ t he length of the desk with a ruler.
A. measure
B. cut
C. do
D. make
A. a little
B. a few
C. little
D. a few
A. has
B. hasn't
C. is
D. isn't
()5. —Must I go to buy the ticket for my parents now?
—No, you _________ .
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. may not
D. needn't
Ⅱ.Rewrite the sentences as required.
1.The boy looks like a fool. (就划线部分
提问)
2.Climbing such a high mountain is impossible for a child. (保持原句意思)
is impossible for a child ________ climb such a high
mountain.
Ⅲ. Reading comprehension.
A
Almost everyone in the world uses oil in some way. Cars, buses, planes, trains and ships need
oil. Even our bicycles need oil. Indeed the whole world would stop if there was no oil.
Today there is a growing need for oil in the world, so people are looking for it everywhere.
They look for oil in deserts, in the mountains and under the sea. Quite often they find nothing, but
the search for oil is still going.
Who are the largest oil producers in the world? The United States, Russia, and countries of the
Middle East. And China is catching up fast. Before Liberation(解放) we used to buy nearly all the
oil from the USA. Many foreign people said China was "oil-poor". But since Liberation oil has
been found in many parts of the country. Today everyone agrees that China is rich in oil. Our oil
will not only meets the great home need, but also is sold to other countries.
True or false.
() 1. Oil is not an important thing in the
world.
() 2. There is more and more oil in the world.
() 3. People search for oil everywhere, in the mountains, deserts and at the bottom of the sea.
() 4. The Middle East was once said to be poor in oil.
() 5. China has enough oil to meet its great needs.
B
Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700 London had no policemen at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid much.
About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets. So people stayed in their homes as much as possible. In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street. Fifty years later, there were 120 Bow Street Runners, but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So, in 1829, the first Police Force(精彩部队) was started with 3,000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses. Until 1920 all the police in London were men. Today, London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.
Answer the following questions.
1.Did London have policemen in 1700?
2.Who protected the city at that time?
3.When was the first Police Force started with 3,000 officers?
4.What were those people who stopped thieves called in 1750?
【keys】
Ⅰ. 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D
Ⅱ. 1. What; does; like 2.It;to
Ⅲ. A. 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T
B. 1. No, it didn't. 2. A few old men. 3. In 1829.
4. "Bow Street Runners".。