专四语法重点总结
专四语法
第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点(一)“if”引导从句假设类型if从句谓语v. 主句谓语v.与现在事实相反v.过去式(be用were不用was)would/should(第一人称)/could/might + do与过去事实相反had + done would/should(第一人称)/could/might + have done与将来事实相反were to/should + do would/should(第一人称)/could/might + do1、省略if倒装,变化if从句(1)had + 主语 + (not)done 与过去事实相反(2)should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反(3)were + 主语 + (not)to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if,将had、should、were提前,句子倒装。
2、含蓄虚拟,用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟(1)without = but for 若不是,要不是,如果没有3、错综(混合)虚拟,主从句事态不在一个时间段(技巧:对号入座,主套主,从套从如:如果我是你(现在),我早把这书买了(过去)。
我要赶上那趟车(过去),现在就坐这上课了(现在)。
﹡(二)其他形式虚拟(单选、挑错常考到,非常重要)从句后是现在时即与现在相反,是过去时即与过去相反,是将来时即与将来相反。
wish、wishes、wishedas if/as though would rather if only 主语过去式与现在事实相反would/could + do 与将来事实相反(1)had done(2)would/could + have done 与过去事实相反would rather主语过去式与现在、将来事实相反(1)had done(2)would/could + have done 与过去事实相反但would rather + 句子用虚拟,不加句子用v.原形had better (not)do + V. 最好做…4、 if only 一般省略主句,用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中,am、is、are原形即be解题方法:找出标志词;找出动词原形:do(主动)、be done(被动)(1)用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式:主语 + 谓语v.(必认词)+ 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认v. suggest,propose,order,ask,require,request,desire,demand,insist,command,recommend,move,urge,advise(2)用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的从句公式:It is + adj. (必认词)+ that + 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认adj. suggested,proposed,ordered,asked,required,requested,desired(desirable),demanded,commanded,recommended,urgent,advisable,important,vital,essential,necessary, imperative(3)与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式:主语 + 系词 + that + 主语(should) + do/be done同位从公式:n. + that + 主语(should)+ do/be done必认n. suggestion,proposal,order,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,motion,recommendation,advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did(过去式)早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式:真实,otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟,but + 真实(一般考过去时)特点:真实——过去时或 must have done,对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done(三)情态v. + have done ,表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定,没有musn't(表禁止…)could + have done 本能够,可能做(但未做)may + have done 本可能,或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做,而未做(含责备)shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了(含责备)needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了(无责备)need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing(形式主动,实际被动) = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词(一)不定式: to do / not to do1、形式(时态/语态), vt.(vi.只有主动)基本形式:主动被动﹡一般式to do to be done﹡完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing ×完成进行式to have been doing ×注意:不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生,而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生,不定式的完成式不能作定语。
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sbhad done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+havedone;2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+todo),主句sb would (should,could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command, suggest, advise, propose, a sk,require, request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点3:Itis +advisable,essential, important, imperative,incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点4:it is(high/about)time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would havedone表示假设。
考点6:if only, wish,as if/as though引导从句,与过去事实相反:had +done;与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/would+do考点7:would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8:lest/ forfear that+(should) +原形动词。
专四常考语法点汇总定稿版
专四常考语法点汇总精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:从属分句复合句= 主句+从句(1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009,60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2010,55)A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结:(一)条件状语从句:表示条件或假设,通常由以下连词或结构引导:★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例:In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first. Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?(二)让步状语从句:含有“虽然,尽管,即使”之意,主要引导词有:★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例:In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music. While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though,就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but,但是though可以和yet 连用。
专四语法 可可英语
专四语法可可英语好的,以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章:可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分,在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。
虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。
虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。
1. 与现在事实相反:使用动词的过去式(be动词用were),从句使用would+动词原形。
例如:If I were you,I would choose to study abroad.(如果我是你,我会选择出国留学。
)2. 与过去事实相反:使用“would+have+过去分词”,从句使用“had+过去分词”。
例如:If we had known the answer,we would have told you.(如果我们知道答案,我们早就告诉你了。
)3. 与将来事实相反:使用“would+动词原形”,从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。
例如:If it were to rain tomorrow,the football match would be postponed.(如果明天下雨,足球比赛就会被推迟。
)二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点,也是专四考试的重点。
定语从句用来修饰名词,通常放在所修饰名词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。
1. 使用that的情况:当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时,或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,多用that引导定语从句。
例如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。
)2. 使用which的情况:当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时,通常使用which。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。
英语专四语法总结
英语专四语法总结1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句:It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,no less than,besides,except,but,including 等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month.我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish 等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for thegreat reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
我只想说:“多保重!”例句:What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.4. 当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən](动词)- 词义:放弃;抛弃;放纵。
- 例句:Don't abandon yourself to despair.(不要自暴自弃。
)2. ability [əˈbɪləti](名词)- 词义:能力;才能。
- 例句:He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.(他有能力解决这个难题。
)3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml](形容词)- 词义:反常的;不正常的。
- 例句:This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.(这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
)二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es)- 用法:- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。
)- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。
)2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化:- 一般情况加 -s,如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es,如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的,变y为i加 -es,如city - cities。
- 不规则变化:- 如man - men,woman - women,child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化:- 单音节词和部分双音节词:- 一般情况加 -er(比较级)和 -est(最高级),如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st,如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四常考语法点
专四常考语法点
英语专业四级考试常考的语法点包括:
1.虚拟语气:虚拟语气是英语语法中的一个重要部分,包括条件句、
虚拟语气的使用等。
2.时态和语态:英语中的时态和语态是非常重要的,包括现在时态、
过去时态、将来时态等。
3.非谓语动词:非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,是英语语
法中的一个难点。
4.从句:从句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等,是英语语
法中的一个重要部分。
5.倒装句:倒装句是英语语法中的一种特殊句型,包括完全倒装和
部分倒装等。
6.主谓一致:主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上
保持一致。
7.比较级和最高级:比较级和最高级是英语语法中的一个重要部分,
包括形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。
这些语法点是英语专业四级考试中经常出现的,考生需要熟练掌握这些语法知识,才能在考试中取得好成绩。
专四语法详细归纳
2. 以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 • 疾病名词: 单数:arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎,rickets软骨病,mumps 腮腺炎,diabetes糖尿病 可作单数也可作复数: rickets软骨病,measles麻疹 • 游戏名称一般做单数,表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数 Darts投镖,marbles打弹子游戏 Cards用复数:Cards are not allowed here. • 地理名称 国名用单数 群山、海峡、瀑布用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. • Scissors, glasses, shorts, trousers一类词单独使用用复数,加上单 位词,如a pair of 由单位词单、复数决定 • -ings结尾的名词一般用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually hurt. • 特例(见语法P33) The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指 一顿早饭,不可分割)
Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here. • 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时,随后动词常用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. • 主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组,取决于主 语本身形式。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下:如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:如:be busy/active doing sth.如:It’s no good/use doing sth.如:spend/waste time doing sth.如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句:There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下:“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
专四语法汇总
专四常考语法点汇总:一.虚拟语气1.虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构:条件句有were, had, should时,可使用倒装结构。
e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句:but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2.I wish…/If only句式:与现在事实相反,用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反,用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
3.as if引导的从句(注意区别事实与假设)Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4.在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词(包括动词和名词)引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形,should可省。
专四语法重点总结
eg.
He is no richer than I= as poor as
He is not richer than I
4) more and more
eg. He is becoming fatter and fatter.
5). The more… the more…
Eg. He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.
8) more than简直不
eg. My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.
六、并列结构
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做并列结构。
1.并列结构的各种形式
1)词与词的并列you and me
2) not only…but also连结成分和连接句子;只连对等结构
Eg. Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.
Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.
3) either…or连结成分和连接句子;连对等结构或不对等结构
单音节词尾e,加r, st fine finer finest
闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写big bigger biggest
辅音字母加er,est
少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾
双音节词尾加er,est happy happier happiest(y前为辅音字母去y加clever cleverer cleverest
专业四级语法重点有哪些
专业四级语法重点有哪些对于英语专业的学生来说,专业四级考试是一个重要的关卡。
而语法作为英语学习的基础和关键,在考试中占据着相当重要的地位。
那么,专业四级语法的重点究竟有哪些呢?首先,时态和语态是必不可少的重点。
时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及过去将来时等。
每一种时态都有其特定的用法和时间标志词。
比如,现在完成时常常与“since”、“for”等词连用,表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
而过去完成时则强调“过去的过去”,在使用时需要有一个明确的过去时间作为参照。
语态方面,主要有主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态的构成是“be +过去分词”,在理解和运用时需要注意不同时态下被动语态的形式变化。
其次,虚拟语气也是一个重要的语法点。
虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议等与事实不符或不太可能发生的情况。
它分为三种情况:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反。
每种情况的虚拟语气形式都有所不同。
例如,与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,主句用“would / could / should / might +动词原形”,从句用“一般过去时(be 动词用 were)”。
再者,非谓语动词也是经常考查的内容。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等;动名词具有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等;分词可以作定语、状语、补语等。
在使用非谓语动词时,需要根据句子的结构和语境来判断其具体的用法。
从句也是专业四级语法的重点之一。
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词,关系代词和关系副词的选择是关键;状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句等,需要掌握不同状语从句的引导词及其用法;名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,要清楚其在句子中的作用和构成方式。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:从届分句复合句=主句+从句(1个或1个以上)要点1从届分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,从届分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behindto finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station the coach left. (200960)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 the boss says, it is unreasonableto ask me to work overtime without pay. (2010, 55A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 H e asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do,that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结:(一)条件状语从句:表示条件或假设,通常由以下连词或结构引导:★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例:In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?(二)让步状语从句:含有“虽然,尽管,即使”之意,主要引导词有:★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例:In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won. Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though,就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but,但是though可以和yet连用。
专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done;2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were, had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句和it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点3:It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点4:it is (high/about) time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6:if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句,与过去事实相反:had + done;与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/would + do考点7:would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8:lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were),主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如:43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do),主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。
例如:43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
专四备考资料词汇语法总结
专四备考资料词汇语法总结一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən](动词)- 释义:放弃;抛弃;放纵。
- 例句:Don't abandon your dreams easily.(不要轻易放弃你的梦想。
)2. ability [əˈbɪləti](名词)- 释义:能力;才能。
- 例句:He has the ability to solve difficult problems.(他有解决难题的能力。
)3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml](形容词)- 释义:反常的;不正常的。
- 例句:The weather is abnormal this year.(今年的天气很反常。
)4. aboard [əˈbɔːd](副词/介词)- 释义:在(船、飞机、车)上;上船;登机。
- 例句:All passengers aboard the plane are required to fasten their seat belts.(飞机上的所有乘客都被要求系好安全带。
)5. abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ](动词)- 释义:废除;废止(法律、制度、习俗等)- 例句:They decided to abolish the old rules.(他们决定废除旧规则。
)二、语法部分。
1. 时态。
- 一般现在时。
- 结构:主语+动词原形(第三人称单数加 -s或 -es)- 用法:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实。
- 例句:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车去上学。
)- 一般过去时。
- 结构:主语+动词的过去式。
- 用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
- 例句:I saw him yesterday.(我昨天见到他了。
)- 现在进行时。
- 结构:主语+am/is/are+动词的 -ing形式。
- 用法:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
专四语法总结
三、动名词
1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词
牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词:
acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate,avoid,admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy,escape,excuse, fancy, favor, finish,forgive, imagine,involve, justify,mention, pardon,practice,postpone, recall,recollect,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如:
Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced。
(表示1919年时已发生的情况)
(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。如:
be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth。
2。不定式做宾语
掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:
afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire,determine,expect, fail, guarantee,endeavor, intend, pledge,pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend,venture。如:
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专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3.形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置5.有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’,‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词7.more 不能用来修饰比较级8.与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9.as much of a……意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上10.none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than11.any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1.can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)2.must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can’t3.need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4.need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事(经常考)虚拟语气1.It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2.It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验3.as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比较级比较等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。
一般来说,表示等于时用原级。
Eg. I’m just as busy today as I was yesterday.表示二者的比较时用比较级eg. I’m much busier today than I was yesterday.表示“最”时用最高级Eg. That was the busiest day of my life.存在句形容词与副词比较等级的构成构成原级比较级最高级单音节词尾加er, est great greater greatest单音节词尾e, 加r, st fine finer finest闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写big bigger biggest辅音字母加er,est少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾双音节词尾加er,est happy happier happiest(y前为辅音字母去y加clever cleverer cleverest er,est)其它双音节词和多音节词,前加more, difficult more difficult most difficultmost不规则变化副词比较等级的构成副词比较等级的构成大致与形容词比较等级的构成相同,但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more和most。
hard hardest hardestearly earlier earliestquickly more quickly most quickly不规则变化形容词与副词比较等级的基本用法A. 基本形式“as +原级+as”结构eg. He’s as tall as I.B.否定的同级比较常用not as…as或not so …aseg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C.变体1) as + much/many + 名词+ as2) as +形原级+ a + 名词+as3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as4) 名词复数+as +形+ as5) the same as/ be similar to比较级A.基本结构“比较级+than”结构eg.He is taller than I .She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B.变体1)形比较级+ 名+ than2)名+ 形比较级+ than3)the + 形比较级+ of + the two4)superior/ inferior to最高级A. 常用“the +最高级+比较范围”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B. 变体1) more… than any other2) Not …+ 比较等级关于比较结构用法的补充说明1)more…than…是…而不是,与其说是…不如说是eg.She is more been than wise.He is more a writer than an artist.2)not so much …as与其说是…不如说是eg. It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested.3)not more/er than与no more/er thaneg.He is no richer than I= as poor asHe is not richer than I4) more and moreeg. He is becoming fatter and fatter.5). The more… the more…eg. The harder she worked, the more progress she made.6)more than 多于eg. More than 1000 people attended the meeting.7)more than 不止,超过eg. She is more than pretty.8) more than 简直不eg. My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.六、并列结构两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做并列结构。
1. 并列结构的各种形式1)词与词的并列you and me2)词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student3)分句与分句的并列you can go or you can stay with us.2. 并列结构的连接手段1)并列连词2)标点符号3)并列结构的插入语在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语,使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。
4)并列结构的对称组合成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。
3. 并列连词的意义和用法1.以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词and, both…and, not only…but also, not…nor, neither…nor等。
这一类并列连词在语义上表示其连接的成分是对前项的补充和引申,包括肯定和否定两种意义的引申。
And除表示语义增补外还有其他意义.还有一些and连接的语法结构形似并列结构实际并非并列结构.Eg. This room is nice and warm. = ( nicely warm.) I’ll go and see my friend. = ( go to see)2.以or 为代表的表示选择的并列连词这类连词包括or和either…or3.以but为代表的表示语义转折和对比的并列连词这类连词包括but, not…but, while, whereas, only, yet.4. 补充说明:1) both…and 只连结成分不连接句子;只连对等结构Eg. Both the student and the teacher are pleased to hear the news.2) not only …but also连结成分和连接句子;只连对等结构Eg. Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.3) either …or连结成分和连接句子;连对等结构或不对等结构Eg. Either you or I am going to shanghai.He can either stay at home or leave.He has either gone to the movies or ( gone to ) the theatre.4) neither …nor连结成分和连接句子;连对等结构或不对等结构Eg. He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.并列连词与连接性状语And与moreover;furthermore what’s more …Eg. He is a good teacher and a good friend.He is a good teacher. Moreover, he is a good friend.but与howeveror与otherwiseSo与as a result , consequently ...七、存在句(There be)存在句的结构特征存在句的结构模式是:There + be + NP + Locative Expression (+ Temporal Expression)存在句的引导词There在句中位于主语位置,实义主语是随后的名词词组,There起形式主语的作用,在疑问句中,它和操作词倒装。