The Academic Word List学术英语词汇表AWL
AWL英语学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Well ington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Ac ademic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessing economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimateslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatepercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsreformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallyrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioninterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassists distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusive focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiesinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesigningdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrained emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatereactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingcorrespondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitments errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotescommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensions integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedpromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternate expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstituted.contactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolveslicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigning enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operates incidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformations。
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL ( 《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字， analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL ？AWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。
除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。
Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
登陆网页 /staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看到 570 个词目（ headwords）。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
【全部原创】雅思词汇-AWL词汇表
练习
【evident VS evidence】
The problems have beeevnid_e_n_t_____for some time. You need to find someveid__e_n_c_e_____. The broken window isetvhidee_n_c_e______there was a
现
【用】想到
occur
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
occur在雅思写作中
【用】存在
水果自然含有糖分。 Fruit naturally has sugar. Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
significant
【音】 [siɡˈnifikənt] 【义】 adj.重要的, 有重大意义的, 可观的
【形】significance
【用】
significant
有重大意义的发现 Байду номын сангаас a highly significant discovery
individual
【音】 [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] 【义】 adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的 n.个人
【形】individualism
【用】
individual
They wait for the group to decide instead of making individual decisions.
IELTS AWL词汇
单词的音 / 义 / 形 / 用
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWLAWL ( 《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, NewZealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis,analyst,analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed,analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字， analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWLAWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。
除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。
Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
登陆网页能看到 570 个词目（ headwords）。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆该网页能下载所有的单词。
THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST (E - O)abandon v. go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desertabstract adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n. school for special trainingaccess n. ~ means of approaching or entering (a place); way in accommodate v. provide lodging or room foraccompany v. walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escortaccumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this wayaccurate adj.free from errorachieve v. gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc acknowledge v. accept the truth of admit (sth)acquire v. gain (sth) by one's own ability, efforts or behaviouradapt v. ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth adequate adj. ~ satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficientadjacent having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following adjust v. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrangeadministrate v. to administeradult adj.grown to full size or strengthadvocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; supportaffect v. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect onaggregate v. ~ sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount aid n.helpalbeit conj althoughallocate v. ~ sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purposealter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc alternative adj.available in place of sth else; otherambiguous adj.having more than one possible meaningamend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly analogy n. ~ partial similarity between two things that are comparedanalyse v. separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structureannual adj.happening every yearanticipate v. expectapparent adj.clearly seen or understood; obviousappend v. ~ sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing)appreciate v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highlyapproach v. come near or nearer to in space or timeappropriate adj. ~ suitable; right and properapproximate adj. almost correct or exact but not completely soarbitrary adj.based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reasonarea n. extent or measurement of a surfaceaspect n. particular part or feature of sth being consideredassemble e together; collectassess v. ~ sth decide or fix the amount of sthassign v. ~ sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used assist v. ~ in/with sth; ~ (sb) in doing sth (fml ) helpassume v. accept as true before there is proofassure v. tell (sb) positively or confidentlyattach v. ~ sth fasten or join sth (to sth)attain v. succeed in getting (sth); achieveattitude n. ~ way of thinking or behavingattribute v. ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sthauthor n. writer of a book, play, etcauthority n. power to give orders and make others obeyautomate v. cause to operate by automationavailable adj.that can be used or obtainedaware adj.~ of sb/sth; ~ that... having knowledge or realization of sb/sthbehalf n. on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesmanfor sb; in the interestof sbbenefit n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown)bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries;predisposition;prejudicebond n. written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant brief sting only a short time; shortbulk n. size, quantity or volume, esp when greatcapable adj.having ability; able; competentcapacity n. ability to hold or contain sthcategory n. class or group of things in a complete system of grouping cease v. come or bring (sth) to an end; stopchallenge n. ~ (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better,stronger, more able,etcchannel n.sunken bed of a river, stream or canalchapter n. (usu numbered) division of a bookchart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etcchemical adj.of or relating to chemistrycircumstance n. condition or fact connected with an event or action cite quote; commendcivil adj.of or relating to the citizens of a countryclarify v. (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understandclassic adj.having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importanceclause n.group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentencecode n.(system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or forpresenting or recording information brieflycoherent adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clearcoincide v. ~ (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else collapse v. fall down or in suddenlycolleague n. person with whom one works, esp in a profession or businesscommence v. begin (sth); startcomment n.~ written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, asituation, etc)commission n. ~ action, task or piece of work given to sb to docommit v. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish)commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the homecommunicate v. ~ sth make sth known; convey sthcommunity n. the community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole compatible adj. ~ (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist togethercompensate v. ~ for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury,etc;compile v.~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc complement n. ~ thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it completecomplex adj. made up of (usu several) closely connected partscomponent n. any of the parts of which sth is madecompound n. thing made up of two or more separate things combined together comprehensive adj. that includes everythingcomprise v. have as parts or members; be made up ofcompute v. ~ sth calculate sth with a computerconceive v.become pregnantconcentrate v.~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one's attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, notthinking about other less important thingsconcept n. ~ idea underlying sth; general notionconclude v. ~ (with sth) (usu fml ) come or bring (sth) to an end concurrent adj. ~ existing, happening or done at the same time conduct n.person's behaviourconfer v. ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)confine v. ~ sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted spaceconfirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth ofconflict n.struggle; fightconform v.~ keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc)consent v. ~ give agreement or permissionconsequent adj. ~ (fml ) following sth as a result or an effect considerable adj. great in amount or sizeconsist v. (phr v) consist of sth be composed or made up of sthconstant adj.going on all the time; happening again and againconstitute v. (fml ) make up or form (a whole); be the components ofconstrain v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by forceconstruct v. build (sth); put or fit together; formconsult v. ~ sb/sth go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc consume e (sth) upcontact n. ~ state of touching (used esp with the vs shown)contemporary adj.~ of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same timecontext writings preceding and following passage quotedcontract n. ~ (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writingcontradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truthcontrary adj. opposite in nature, tendency or directioncontrast v. ~ A and/with B compare so that differences are made clearcontribute v. ~ (to/towards sth) give one's share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint causecontroversy n. ~ public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagreewithconvene v. summon to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc)converse v. ~ (about sth); ~ (together) (fml ) talkconvert v. ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another convince v. ~ sb make sb feel certain; cause sb to realizecooperate to work or act togethercoordinate vt. to organize or integrate (diverse elements) in a harmonious operationcore n. centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seedscorporate adj.of or shared by all the members of a group; collectivecorrespond v. ~ be in agreement; not contradict sth or each othercouple n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman togethercreate v. cause to exist; make (sth new or original)credit n.permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system ofpaying in thiswaycriteria n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judgedcrucial adj. ~ very important; decisiveculture n. refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc currency n. money system in use in a countrycycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order data n. facts or information used in deciding or discussing sthdebate n. formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two ormore opposing speakers, and often ending in a votedecade n. period of ten yearsdecline v. say `no' to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politelydeduce v. ~ sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth define v. ~ sth state precisely the meaning of (eg words)definite adj. clear; not doubtfuldemonstrate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence denote v. be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer todeny v. say that (sth) is not truedepress v. make sad and without enthusiasmderive v. ~ sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth design n. ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made despite prep without being affected bydetect v. discover or recognize that (sth) is presentdeviate v. ~ from sth stop followingdevice n. thing made or adapted for a special purposedevote v. ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth; dedicate ;differentiate v. ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different(from sthelse)dimension n. measurement of any sortdiminish v. become smaller or less; decreasediscrete adj. separate; distinctdiscriminate v. ~ ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things)displace v. move from the usual or correct placedisplay v. ~ sth put sth on showdispose v. place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrangedistinct adj.easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definitedistort v. pull or twist out of its usual shapedistribute v. ~ sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thingdiverse adj. of different kinds; varieddocument n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth domain n. lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etcdomestic adj.of the home, household or familydominate v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)draft n. rough preliminary written version of sthdrama n. play for the theatre, radio or TVduration n. time during which sth lasts or continuesdynamic adj.of power or forces that produce movementeconomy n. avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)edit v. prepare for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine element n. ~ necessary or characteristic part of stheliminate v. ~ sb/sth remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) emerge v. ~ come out or up (from water, etc)emphasis n.force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to showimportanceempirical adj. based on observation or experiment, not on theoryenable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or meansencounter v. meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) energy n. ability to act or work with strength and eagernessenforce v. ~ sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effectiveenhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look betterenormous adj. very large; immenseensure v.make sure; guaranteeentity n. thing with distinct and real existenceenvironment n. conditions, circumstances, etc affecting people's livesequate v. ~ sth consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else)equip v. ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) equivalent adj. ~ equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etcerode v. destroy or wear (sth) away graduallyerror n. thing done wrongly; mistakeestablish v. set up on a firm or permanent basisestate n. area of land, esp in the country, with one ownerestimate n. judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sthethic n. system of moral principles; rules of conductethnic adj.of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural traditionevaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assesseventual adj. happening at last as a result; ultimateevident adj. ~ (that...) obvious (to the eye or mind); clearevolve v. (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) graduallyexceed v. be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity)exclude v. ~ sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out exhibit n. object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museumexpand v. ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importanceexpert n. ~ person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular fieldexplicit adj.(of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressedexploit n. brave or adventurous deed or actionexport n.exportingexpose v. uncover or make (sth) visible; displayexternal adj.outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body)extract v. ~ sth take or get sth out, usu with effort or by forcefacilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult factor n. fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a resultfeature n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearancefederal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central andseveral regional governmentfee n. (usu pl ) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etcfile n. metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substancesfinal adj.of the end; coming lastfinance n.management of moneyfinite adj.having bounds; limited; not infiniteflexible adj.that can bend easily without breakingfluctuate v. ~ (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularlyfocus n. =>Usage at data data. point at which rays (of light, sound, etc) meet or from which theyappear tocomeformat n. shape, size, binding, etc of a bookformula n. (chemistry ) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made offorthcoming adj.about to happen or appear in the near futurefoundation n.act of foundingfounded [ find: ] to meet with or discover by chanceframework n. structure giving shape and supportfunction n. special activity or purpose of a person or thingfund n. sum of money saved or made available for a particular purposefundamental adj.of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essentialfurthermore adv. in addition; moreover ;gender n. (in certain languages) classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or femininegenerate v. cause to exist or occur; produce generation n.productionglobe n. small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries, rivers, cities, etcgoal n. (in football, hockey, etc) pair of posts with a crossbar, between which the ball has to be kicked, hit,etc in order to scoregrade n. step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classificationgrant v. agree to give or allow (what is asked for)guarantee n.~ (against sth) promise (usu in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transactionwillbefulfilledguideline a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actio hence adv. from this timehierarchy n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest highlight n. best, most interesting or most exciting part of somethinghypothesis n. idea or suggestion that is based onknownfacts and is used as a basis for reasoningor furtherinvestigationidentical adj.the ~ the sameidentify v.~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being theor specified person orthing)ideology n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group orpersonignorant adj.~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unawareillustrate v. supply with pictures, diagrams, etcimage n. copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue immigrate v. ~ enter a foreign country in order to live there permanentlyimpact n. hitting of one object against anotherimplement n. tool or instrumentimplicate v. ~ sb show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crimeimplicit adj.~ implied, but not expressed directly; not explicitimply v. suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint impose v. ~ sth place (a penalty, tax, etc) officially on sb/sthincentive n. ~ thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulusincidence n. ~ of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect incline v. ~ towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sthincome n. money received over a certain period, esp as payment for work or as interest on investmentsincorporate v. ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; includeindex n. list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical orderindicate v. ~ sth (to sb) show sth, esp by pointingindividual adj.single; separateinduce v. persuade or influence (sb) to do sthinevitable adj.that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happeninfer v. ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sthinfrastructure n. subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization oran enterprise (eg ofan army) ,inherent adj. ~ existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sthinhibit v. ~ sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to doinitial adj. of or at the beginning; firstinitiate v. put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begininjure v. hurt (sb); harminnovate v. make changes; introduce new thingsinput n. ~ action of putting sth ininsert v. ~ sth put, fit, place sth into sth or between two thingsinsight n. ~ (approv ) ability to see into the true nature (of sth); deep understandinginspect v.examine (sth) closelyinstance n. ~ particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case institute n. society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose instruct to direct to do something; orderintegral adj.~ necessary for completenessintegrate v. ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth elseintegrity n. quality of being honest and morally uprightintelligence n. power of learning, understanding and reasoning; mental abilityintense adj.(of sensations) very great or severe; extremeinteract v. ~ act or have an effect on each otherintermediate adj. ~ situated or coming between two people, things, etc in time, space, degree, etcinternal adj.of or on the insideinterpret v. explain (sth which is not easily understandable)interval n. ~ time between two eventsintervene v. (of time) come or be betweenintrinsic adj. belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outsideinvest v. ~ (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest orbring profitinvestigate v. find out and examine in order to obtain the truthinvoke v. use (sth) as a reason for one's actioninvolve v. make necessary as a condition or result; entailisolate v. ~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth ; issue n.outgoing; outflowitem n. single article or unit in a list, etcjob n. the patience of jobjournal n. newspaper or periodical, esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject justify v. show that (sb/sth) is right, reasonable or justlabel n.piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner,destination,etclabour n.physicalor mental worklayer n. thickness of material laid over a surface or forming a horizontal divisionlecture n.~(on sth) talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of ateaching programmelegal adj.of or based on the lawlegislate v. ~ make lawslevy v. ~ sth (on sb) collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force; impose sthliberal adj.tolerant and open-minded; free from prejudicelicence n. official document showing that permission has been given to own, use or do sth likewise adv.similarlylink n. one ring or loop of a chainlocate v. discover the exact position or place oflogic n.science of reasoningmaintain v. ~ sth cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etcmajor adj.important; great(er)manipulate v. control or handle with skillmanual adj. of, done with or controlled by the handsmargin n. blank space round the written or printed matter on a pagemature adj.fully grown or developed mentally or physically; having achieved one's full potentialmaximise[ maximize: ] vt. to make as high or great as possible; increase to a maximum mechanism n. working parts of a machine, etcmedia n. the media means of mass communication, eg TV , radio, newspapersmediate v. ~ act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who disagree medical adj.of the art of medicine; of curing diseasemedium n. (pl usu media) means by which sth is expressed or communicatedmental adj.of, in or to the mindmethod n.waymigrate v. ~ (to...) move from one place to go to live or work in anothermilitary adj. of or for soldiers or an army; of or for armed forcesminimal adj. smallest in amount or degreeminimise[ minimize: ] to reduce to or estimate at the least possible degree or amount minimum n. least or smallest amount, degree, etc possibleministry n. (buildings containing a) government departmentminor adj.smaller, less serious, less important, etcmode n. ~ (fml ) way or manner in which sth is donemodify v. change (sth) slightly, esp to make it less extreme or to improve it monitor n. device used to observe, record or test sthmotive n. ~ that which causes sb to act in a particular way; reasonmutual adj.felt or done by each towards the othernegate v. deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth) network n. complex system of roads, etc crossingeach otherneutral adj.not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest,war, etc; impartialnevertheless adv, conj in spite of this; however; stillnonetheless adv. nevertheless; howevernorm n. standard or pattern that is typical (of a group, etc)normal adj.in accordance with what is typical, usual or regularnotion n. ~ idea or belief; conceptnotwithstanding prep (can also follow the n to which it refers ) without being affected by (sth); in spite of nuclear adj.of a nucleus, esp of an atomobjective adj.not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased; fairobtain v. ~ sth et sth; come to own or possess sth (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc) obvious adj. easily seen, recognized or understood; clearoccupy v. live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)occur v. come into being as an event or a process; happenodd adj.strange; unusual; peculiaroffset v. ~ sth (by sth/doing sth) compensate for sth; balance sth ongoing adj. continuing to exist or progressoption n. power or freedom of choosing; choiceorient n. the Orient countries of the (Far) East (eg Japan, China) outcome n. effect or result (of an event, circumstances, etc) output n. quantity of goods, etc producedoverall adj. including everything; totaloverlap v. partly cover (sth) by extending over its edge overseas adj. across the sea; foreignpanel n. separate, usu rectangular, part of the surface of a door, wall, ceiling, etc, usu raisedaboveor sunkbelow the surrounding areaparadigm n. set of all the different forms of a wordparagraph n. distinct section of a written or printed text, usu consisting of several sentences dealingwith a singletheme and starting on a new lineparallel adj.(of two or more lines) having the same distance between each other at every pointparameter n. quantity that does not vary in a particular case but does vary in other cases participate v. ~ take part or become involved (in an activity)partner n. person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a businesspassive adj.not active; submissiveperceive v. become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe percentperiod n. length or portion of timepersist v.~ continue to do sth, esp in an obstinate and determined way and in spite of opposition,argument orfailureperspective n. art of drawing solid objects on a flat surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width,depth and position in relation to each otherphase n. stage in a process of change or developmentphenomenon n. fact or occurrence, esp in nature or society, that can be perceived by the sensesphilosophy n.search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and ofhumanlifephysical adj.of or concerning material things plus prep with the addition ofpolicy n. ~plan of action, statement of ideals, etc proposed or adopted by a government, politicalparty,business, etcportion n. part or share into which sth is dividedpose v.~ (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed。
The Academic Word List (AWL)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL (《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing 。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL？AWL分十个sublists (小组)。
除了第十小组包含30个词目外，其他小组均含有90个词目。
Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists 依次类推。
AWL 中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8就表示abandon是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL 词目。
登陆网页/staff/awl/headwords.shtml能看到570个词目（headwords）。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
AWL词表(学术词表--Academic Word List)
investment•administration•maintenance•design•obtained•restricted•conduct•
Sublist3
comments•convention•published•framework•implies•negative•dominant•illustrated•outcomes•constant•shift•deduction•ensure•specified•justification•funds•reliance•
•diversity•attached•recovery•assigned•tapes•motivation•bond•edition•nevertheless•transport•cited•fees•scope•enhanced•incorporated•instructions•subsidiary•input•
required•constitutional•analysis•distribution•function•area•approach•role•legislation•indicate•response•period•context•significant•similar•
Sublist2
community•resident•range•construction•strategies•elements•previous•conclusion•security•aspects•acquisition•features•text•commission•regulations•computer•items•consumer•achieve•final•positive•evaluation•assistance•normal•relevant•distinction•
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL ( 《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字， analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL ？AWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。
除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。
Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
登陆网页 /staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看到 570 个词目（ headwords）。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
AWL(academicwordlist)学术词汇表——雅思托福
IELTS, TOEFL 考试必备之AWL IntroductionThe Academic Word List was developed by as her MA thesis at the at , New Zealand. The list contains 570 word families which were selected according to principles outlined below. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at tertiary institutions. The Academic Word List replaces the University Word List.Sublists of the Academic Word ListEach word in italics is the most frequently occurring member of the word family in the Academic Corpus.For example, analysis is the most common form of the word family analyse. British and American spelling is included in the word families, so contextualise and contextualize are both included in the family context.Sublist 1 contains the most common words in the AWL. Sublist 2 contains the next most common words, and so on. There are 60 families in each sublist, except for sublist 10 which has 30.Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachableareaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessedassumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptionsauthorityauthoritativeauthoritiesavailableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefits conceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualizedcontractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreatingdatadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefinedderivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderivingdistributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioneconomyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimating evidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidently exportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactors financefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancing formulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallylegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajority methodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethods occuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurs percentpercentagepercentages periodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypolicies principleprincipledprinciplesunprincipled proceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceeds processprocessedprocessesprocessing requirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassistedcategorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizingchapterchapterscommissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissionscommunitycommunitiescomplexcomplexitiescomplexitycomputecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputingconcludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusivelyconductconductedconductingconductsconsequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequentlyconstructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructsconsumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumptioncreditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultureddesigndesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesigns distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctly elementelements equateequatedequatesequatingequationequations evaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluation featurefeaturedfeaturesfeaturing finalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainable participateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatory perceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptions positivepositively potentialpotentially previouspreviously primaryprimarily purchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasing rangerangedrangesranging regionregionalregionallyregions regulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributorsconveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventionalcoordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinatorscorecorescoringcoredcorporatecorporatescorporationcorporationscorrespondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorrespondscriteriacriteriondeducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductionsdemonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstratorsdocumentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocumentsdominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationemphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphatically ensureensuredensuresensuring excludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusively frameworkframeworks fundfundedfunderfundersfundingfunds illustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrative immigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigration implyimpliedimpliesimplying initialinitially instanceinstances interactinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportions publishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublished reactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactors registerderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistration relyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliable removeremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattribution civilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommittingcommunicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentrationconferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensionaldomesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomesticsemergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingerrorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplications imposeimposedimposesimposingimposition integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegration internalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternally investigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigators jobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabels mechanismmechanisms obviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressed subsequentsubsequently sumsummationsummedsummingsums summary summariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallengingclauseclausescompoundcompoundedcompoundingcompoundsconflictconflictedconflictingconflictsconsultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsultingcontactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontactsdeclinedeclineddeclinesdecliningdiscretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretiondraftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredraftsenableenabledenablesenablingenergyenergeticenergeticallyenergiesenforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcingentityentitiesequivalentequivalenceevolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsexpandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternally facilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacility fundamentalfundamentally generategeneratedgeneratesgenerating generationgenerations imageimageryimages liberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivityorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejections revenuerevenues stableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstable stylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizing substitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitution sustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainable symbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbols targettargetedtargetingtargets transittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransits trendtrends versionversions welfare whereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgemens aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattachedauthorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorshipbondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefscapablecapabilitiescapabilityincapablecitecitationcitationscitedcitingcitescooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operativelydiscriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesdiscriminatingdiscriminationdisplaydisplayeddisplayingdisplaysdiversediverselydiversificationdiversifieddiversifiesdiversifydiversifyingdiversitydomaindomainsediteditededitingeditioneditionseditoreditorialeditorialseditorseditsenhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitly federalfederationfederations feefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibility furthermore gendergenders ignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoring incentiveincentives incidenceincidentincidentallyincidents incorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporation indexindexedindexesindexing inhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibits initiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturerlecturerslectureslecturingmigratemigrantmigrantsmigratedmigratesmigratingmigrationmigrationsmigratoryminimumministryministeredministeringministerialministriesmotivemotivatemotivatedmotivatesmotivatingmotivationmotivationsmotivesunmotivatedneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalism。
AWL英语学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)。
其中斜体字在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassess economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributionmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallyunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachieved distinctdistinctiondistinctionsparticipateparticipantparticipantsachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriesdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorcategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainableseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraint emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactiveconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondenceimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationreactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexcorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionscommunicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallyintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationdomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterable expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutioncontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistslicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassignedattachattached enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operatively discriminate incorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransport。
雅思AWL词汇表,最全版
1An Introduction to the Academic Word ListAveril Coxhead, Massey University, New ZealandThe Academic Word List (AWL) is a list of 570 word families that are commonly found in academic texts. This list was selected by examining a large corpus (or collection) of written academic texts and selecting the words that occurred:1 In texts from all four academic facultysections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science. 2 Over 100 times in the corpus overall.3 At least 10 times in each academicfaculty section.4 Outside the 2000 most frequent wordson Michael West’s General Service List(GSL). The GSL includes everyday wordssuch as I, house and do.These principles ensured that only words that occurred reasonably frequently in a variety of study areas were selected.The AWL targets vocabulary that occurs most often in written academic texts. These words also occur in newspapers but not as often as they do in textbooks. The AWL words appear even less in fiction. If your focus is learning academic vocabulary, you need to make sure you read academic textbooks so that you encounter these words in context.The AWL is organized into Word Families. Word families are made up of the ‘parent word’ and ‘family members’. Take for example the word maximise. Its family members include inflections of the verb such as maximised,maximises and maximising as well as the noun maximum. The word family also includes the British spelling of the noun maximisation, as well as maximization, the US spelling.If you learn the verb maximise, you will be able to recognise other family members such as maximised when you encounter them in your reading. These words are closely related and the meaning is likely to be the same or similar. When you are looking for words in this dictionary, think about other word family members too. Finally, there are some academic words thatdo not have a word family. These words occur on their own and do not have any inflections. Examples include nonetheless,so-called and behalf.The AWL is intended as a reference for students who are studying or preparing to study at a tertiary level in English. As a university lecturer, I was aware of the difficulties that students had in mastering the vocabulary necessary for written assignments. The AWL does not include ‘content’ vocabulary for particular subjects which students obviously need to learn as well. The AWL focuses instead on the non-subject-specific vocabulary that students of any discipline will need to master in order to produce coherently-structured written assignments.The AWL covers up to 10% of the vocabulary covered in written academic texts. This means that, on average, one word in 10 in an academic textbook is in the AWL. Look at the following extract from an academic text:EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Environmental issues are truly global. Many of the problems, like the releasingof CFCs into the atmosphere, have global effects and require global action. Some problems link to the exploitation of global commons – the resources shared by the international community suchas ocean beds and the atmosphere. Sometimes small local problems, suchas poisonous gases leaking from landfills and water pollution, are multiplied so many times in any local contexts thatthey become major world hazards. The environment is a global concern requiring global policies.Academic Word ListAcademic Word List2The highlighted words are all on the AWL.This sample illustrates clearly that the AWLcan help with decisions about which words are important for you to learn if you are studying in an English-speaking country.Knowledge of academic vocabulary is vital for students studying at an English-speaking university, particularly for reading and writing.If you compare estimates of how many words a native English speaker might know by the age of 18 (approximately 18,000 to 20,000 words) and how many a learner who has had two or three hours of schooling in English overseveral years (roughly 2000 to 3000 words depending on the language background of the student), this gap is enormous. In order to read and write successfully you need to be able to recognize as many words as possible in your textbooks and use as many as possible in your essays. The bigger your vocabulary, the more you will be able to cope with the high reading and writing demands of your studies.Academic writing tends to be quite formal in style. The vocabulary items that you use in your writing can affect the level of formality. Writers need to know whether a word can be used in a particular situation. T ake for example consequent. This is marked as formal. You would probablynot choose to use this word when speaking with friends but you should use it in written English to take your language to a higher level of formality. The AWL will help you to focus on issues of formality. Look out for the formal label in this dictionary.Remember that the AWL covers approximately 10% of all vocabulary in a piece of academic writing. You should aim to have roughly the same percentage in your own academic writing too. If you go to the AWL highlighter websiteby Sandra Haywood (http://www.nottingham. /~alzsh3/acvocab/awlhighlighter.html) you can copy and paste your text into it and it will highlight the AWL words for you. This will enable you to see how many AWL words you are using overall and whether you repeat the same words many times in your writing.When looking up words from the AWL in this dictionary you should also focus on the bold phrases that are highlighted. These show you the key grammatical patterns and collocations for that word. Collocations are words that commonly occur together or near each other in a text, for example ‘effect on’. Collocations and phrases are important because they help with fluencyin writing and indicate that you are working at a higher level with academic vocabulary than just using a word from your own language and its translation. The collocations in the following text have been highlighted in blue.DECLINING BIODIVERSITYWhatever the effects on this planet’s climate, rain-forest clearance has another undeniable impact. The disappearance of rain forests is a major factor eroding the earth’s biodiversity, or, more simply causing many thousands of species of plant and animal life to disappear forever. While rain forests account for just seven percent of the earth’s surface, they are home to almost half of this planet’s living species. Estimatesof the total number of species of animalsand plants range from 1.5 million to as high as 30 million. Researchers, in fact, have identified more than 1,000 species of ants alone (Wilson, 1991).Remember that building your vocabulary takes time. You are not likely to learn everything you need to know about a word the very first time you see it. And don’t expect to remember everything about a word after looking it up in a dictionary once. Try some of these ideas to help you with vocabulary building:• Make the most of the information given in this dictionary to build up your knowledge of a word. Look at the bold phrases highlighted in the entry. These show important grammatical patterns and collocations. Learn these rather than the word in isolation.• Even if you think you already ‘know’ a word, look it up in the dictionary to see if there is any additional information that you don’t know.• Research has shown that repetition helps people to remember things. Make sure you build repetition into your learning. You could do this through using word cards to test yourself or by keeping a vocabulary notebook.Academic Word List3• Studying words ‘actively’ will help yourlearning. People do learn words through reading but the chances of remembering vocabulary is higher when you focus on the words and make a conscious effort to learn them.• Look out for common collocations, phrases and grammatical patterns of words when you are reading academic texts.• Work with the AWL alongside you when you are writing. Try to use words from the list that are relevant to your writing. The words on the AWL are marked with in this dictionary.The AWL does not include the 2000 most frequent words used in general everyday English. In this dictionary, however, the 3000 most frequent words in written English are also marked with 12and 3and the 3000 most frequent words in spoken English are marked with and .In some cases, these overlap with the AWL.Averil Coxhead is a lecturer in English for Academic Purposesat Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Shecompiled the AWL in 2000. For further information on the AWL go to Averil’s website at /staff/awl/index.shtml.Acknowledgement: Extracts on the subject of European environmental policy and declining biodiversity are reproduced with permission from Sociology:A Global Introduction, third edition, by John J. Macionis and Ken Plummer,©Pearson Education Limited 2005.abandon1v abandoned adj abnormal adj abstract1adj abstract2n abstract3v abstraction n academic1adj academic2n academy n access1n access2v accessible adj accommodate v accommodation n accompaniment n accompany v accumulate v accuracy n accurate adj achieve v achievement n acknowledge v acknowledgement n acquire v acquisition n adapt v adaptable adj adaptation n adequate adj adjacent adjadjust vadjustment nadministration nadministrative adjadult1nadult2adjadvocacy nadvocate1vadvocate2 naffect vaggregate1 naggregate2 adjaggregate3 vaid1 naid2 valbeit conjallocate vallocation nalter valteration nalternate1 adjalternate2 valternative1 adjalternative2 nambiguity nambiguous adjamend vamendment nanalogous adjanalogy nanalyse vanalysis nanalyst nanalytical adjanalyze vannual1 adjanticipate vanticipation napparent adjappend vappendix nappreciable adjappreciate vappreciation napproach1 vapproach2 nappropriate1 adjapproximate1 adjapproximate2 vapproximation narbitrary adjarea naspect nassemble vassembly nassess vassessment nassign vassignment nassist1 vassistance nassume vassuming conjassumption nassurance nassure vattach vattachment nattain vattainment nattitude nattributable adjattribute1 vattribute2 nauthor1 nauthor2 vauthoritative adjauthority nauthorship nautomate vautomated adjautomatic1 adjautomatically advautomation navailable adjaware adjawareness nAcademic Word ListThe following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown in bold are one of the ‘parent words’.Academic Word List4behalf n beneficial adj beneficiary n benefit1 n benefit2 vbias1 nbias2 vbiased adjbond1 nbond2 v brevity nbrief1 adjbrief2 nbrief3 v briefing n briefly advbulk1 nbulky adjcapability n capable adj capacity n category n cease1 v challenge1 n challenge2 v challenging adj channel1 n channel2 v chapter nchart1 nchart2 v chemical1 n chemical2 adj circumstance n citation ncite vcivil adj clarification n clarify vclarity n classic1 adj classic2 n classical adj clause ncode1 ncode2 vcoded adj coding n coherence n coherent adj coincide v coincidence n coincident adj coincidental adj collapse1 v collapse2 n colleague n commence v commencement n comment1 ncomment2 vcommentary ncommentator ncommission1 ncommission2 vcommit vcommitment ncommitted adjcommodity ncommunicable adjcommunicate vcommunication ncommunicative adjcommunity ncompatibility ncompatible1 adjcompensate vcompensation ncompensatory adjcompilation ncompile vcomplement1 ncomplement2 vcomplementary adjcomplex1 adjcomplex2 ncomplexity ncomponent1 ncomponent2 adjcompound1 ncompound2 vcompound3 adjcomprehensive adjcomprise vcomputation ncompute vcomputer ncomputing nconceivable adjconceive vconcentrate1 vconcentration nconcept nconception nconceptual adjconclude vconcluding adjconclusion nconclusive adjconcurrent adjconduct1 vconduct2 nconfer vconference nconfine vconfined adjconfirm vconfirmation nconflict1 nconflict2 vconform vconformation nconformist adjconformity nconsensus nconsent1 nconsent2 vconsequence nconsequent adjconsequently advconsiderable adjconsiderably advconsist vconsistency nconsistent adjconstancy nconstant1 adjconstant2 nconstantly advconstituency nconstituent1 nconstituent2 adjconstitute vconstitution nconstitutional1 adjconstrain vconstrained adjconstraint nconstruct1 vconstruct2 nconstruction nconstructive adjconsult vconsultancy nconsultant nconsultation nconsultative adjconsume vconsumer nconsumption ncontact1 ncontact2 vcontact3 adjcontemporary1 adjcontemporary2 ncontext ncontextual adjcontextualize vcontract1 ncontract2 vcontractor ncontradict vcontradiction ncontradictory adjcontrary1 ncontrary2 adjcontrast1 ncontrast2 vcontrasting adjcontribute vcontribution ncontributor ncontroversial adjcontroversy nconvene vconvention nconventional adjconverse3 adjconversely advconversion nconvert1 vconvertible 1 adjconvince vconvinced adjconvincing adjcooperate vcooperation ncooperative1 adjcoordinate1 vcoordinate2 ncoordinate3 adjcoordination ncoordinator ncore1 ncore2 adjcore3 vcorporate adjcorporation ncorrespond vcorrespondence ncorresponding adjcouple1 ncouple2 vcreate vcreation ncreative1 adjcreativity ncreator ncredit1 ncredit2 vcreditor ncriterion ncrucial adjcultural adjculturally advculture1 ncurrency ncycle1 ncycle2 vcyclic adjdata ndebatable adjdebate1 ndebate2 vdecade ndecline1 ndecline2 vdeduce vAcademic Word List 5deduction n define vdefinite adj definitely adv definition n definitive adj demonstrable adj demonstrate v demonstration n demonstrative adj demonstrator n denial ndenote vdeny vdepress v depression n derivation n derivative1 n derivative2 adj derive vdesign1 ndesign2 v designer1 n despite prep detect v detection n detective n detector n deviate1 v deviation n device ndevote v devoted adj devotion n differentiate v dimension n diminish v diminution n discrete adj discretion n discretionary adj discriminate v discrimination n disestablish v displace v displacement n display1 n display2 v disposable adj disposal n dispose v disproportion n disproportionate adj dissimilar adj distinct adj distinction n distinctive adj distinctly adv distort v distribute v distribution ndistributive adjdiverse adjdiversify vdiversity ndocument1 ndocument2 vdocumentation ndomain ndomestic1 adjdomesticate vdomesticated adjdominance ndominant1 adjdominate vdraft1 ndraft2 vdraft3 adjdrama ndramatic adjdramatist ndramatize vduration ndynamic1 adjdynamic2 neconomic adjeconomical adjeconomically adveconomics neconomist neconomy1 nedit vedition neditor neditorial1 adjeditorial2 nelement neliminate velimination nemerge vemergence nemergent adjemerging adjemphasis nemphasize vemphatic adjempirical adjempiricism nenable venabling adjencounter1 vencounter2 nenergetic adjenergy nenforce venforced adjenforcement nenhance venhanced adjenormity nenormous adjenormously advensure ventity nenvironment nenvironmental adjenvironmentalist nequate vequation nequip vequipment nequivalent1 adjequivalent2 nerode verosion nerroneous adjerror nestablish vestablished adjestablishment nestate nestimate1 nestimate2 vestimation nethic nethical adjethnic1 adjethnic2 nevaluate vevaluation neventual adjeventuality neventually advevidence1 nevident adjevidential adjevidently advevolution nevolutionary adjevolve vexceed vexclude vexcluding prepexclusion nexclusive1 adjexclusively advexhibit1 vexhibit2 nexhibition nexpand vexpansion nexpansionism nexpansive adjexpert1 nexpert2 adjexpertise nexplicit adjexploit1 vexploitation nexport1 nexport2 vexporter nexpose vexposed adjexposure nexternal adjexternalize vextract1 vextract2 nextraction nfacilitate vfacilitator nfacility nfactor1 nfactor2 vfeature1 nfeature2 vfederal adjfederation nfee nfile1 nfile2 vfiling nfinal1 adjfinal2 nfinality nfinalize vfinally advfinance1 nfinance2 vfinancial adjfinancier nfinite adjflexibility nflexible adjfluctuate vfluctuation nfocus1 vfocus2 nfocussed adjformat1 nformat2 vformula nformulate vforthcoming adjfound2 vfoundation nfounder1 nfounding nframework nfunction1 nfunction2 vfunctional adjfund1 nfund2 vfundamental adjfundamentally advfunding nAcademic Word List6furthermore advgender n generate v generation n globalization n globe ngoal ngrade1 n grade2 v graded adj grant1 vgrant2 n guarantee1 v guarantee2 n guideline nhence adv hierarchical adj hierarchy n highlight1 v hypothesis n hypothesize v hypothetical adj identical adj identifiable adj identification n identify v identity n ideological adj ideology n ignorance n ignorant adj ignore v illegal1 adj illogical adj illustrate v illustration n illustrative adj image n imagery n immature adj immigrant n immigrate v immigration n impact1 n impact2 v implement1 v implement2 n implicate v implication n implicit adj imply v impose v imposition n imprecise adj inaccessible adj inaccuracy n inaccurate adj inadequacy ninadequate adjinappropriate adjincapable adjincapacitate vincentive nincidence nincident nincidentally advinclination nincline1 vincline2 nincoherent adjincome nincompatible adjinconceivable adjinconclusive adjinconsistency ninconsistent adjincorporate vincorporated adjindefinite adjindefinitely advindex1 nindex2 vindicate vindication nindicative1 nindicative2 adjindicator nindiscretion nindistinct adjindividual1 adjindividual2 nindividualism nindividualist nindividuality nindividually advinduce vinduction ninevitability ninevitable adjinevitably advinfer vinference ninfinite adjinfinitely advinflexible adjinfrastructure ninherent adjinhibit vinhibition ninitial1 adjinitially advinitiate1 vinitiation ninitiative ninitiator ninjure vinjured adjinjury ninnovate vinnovation ninnovative adjinnovator ninput1 ninput2 vinsecure adjinsert1 vinsertion ninsight ninsightful adjinsignificant adjinspect vinspection ninspector ninstability ninstance1 ninstance2 vinstitute1 ninstitute2 vinstitution ninstitutional adjinstitutionalized adjinstruct vinstruction ninstructive adjinstructor ninsufficient adjintegral adjintegrate vintegrated adjintegration nintegrity nintelligence nintelligent adjintense adjintensify vintensity nintensive adjinteract vinteraction ninteractive adjintermediate1 adjinternal adjinternalize vinterpret vinterpretation ninterpretative adjinterpretive adjinterval nintervene vintervening adjintervention nintrinsic adjinvalidate vinvalidity ninvariable adjinvariably advinvest vinvestigate vinvestigation ninvestigative adjinvestigator ninvestment ninvestor ninvisible adjinvoke vinvolve vinvolvement nirrational adjirrelevance nirrelevant adjirreversible adjisolate visolated adjisolation nisolationism nissue1 nissue2 vitem njob njournal njustifiable adjjustification njustified adjjustify vlabel1 nlabel2 vlabor nlabored adjlabour1 nlabour2 vlaboured adjlayer1 nlayer2 vlecture1 nlecture2 vlecturer nlegal adjlegality nlegally advlegislate vlegislation nlegislative adjlegislator nlegislature nlevy1 vlevy2 nliberal1 adjliberal2 nliberalism nliberalize vliberally advliberate vliberated adjlicence nlicense vAcademic Word List 7licensed adj likewise adv link1 vlink2 n linkage n locate v location n logic n logical adj logician n maintain v maintenance n major1 adj majority n manipulate v manipulative adj manual1 adj manual2 n margin n marginal adj marginally adv maturation n mature1 adj mature2 v maturity n maximize v maximum1 adj maximum2 n mechanism n media n mediate v medical1 adj medium1 adj medium2 n mental adj mentality n method n methodical adj methodology n migrant n migrate v migration n migratory adj military1 adj military2 n minimal adj minimize v minimum1 adj minimum2 n ministerial adj ministry n minor1 adj minority n misinterpret v mode n modification n modify v monitor1 v motivated adj motivation nmotive1 nmotive2 adjmutual adjmutually advnegate vnegative1 adjnegative2 nnetwork1 nnetwork2 vnetworking nneutral1 adjneutrality nneutralize vnevertheless advnonconformist nnonetheless advnorm nnormal1 adjnormal2 nnormality nnormalize vnormally advnotion nnotwithstanding prepnuclear adjobjective1 nobjective2 adjobjectively advobtain vobtainable adjobvious adjobviously advoccupancy noccupant noccupation noccupational adjoccupier noccupy voccur voccurrence nodd adjodds noffset1 vongoing adjoption noptional adjorient1 vorientate vorientated adjorientation noriented adjoutcome noutput1 noutput2 voverall1 adjoverall2 advoverestimate1 voverestimate2 noverlap1 voverlap2 noverseas1 advoverseas2 adjpanel nparadigm nparagraph nparallel1 nparallel2 adjparallel3 vparameter nparticipant nparticipate vparticipation nparticipatory adjpartner1 npartnership npassive1 adjpassive2 nperceive vpercent1 adjpercent2 npercentage nperception nperiod1 nperiodic adjperiodical npersist vpersistence npersistent adjperspective nphase1 nphase2 vphenomenal adjphenomenon nphilosopher nphilosophical adjphilosophize vphilosophy nphysical1 adjphysically advplus1 prepplus2 nplus3 adjpolicy nportion1 npose1 vpose2 npositive1 adjpositively advpotential1 adjpotential2 npotentially advpractitioner nprecede vprecedence nprecedent npreceding adjprecise adjprecisely advprecision1 nprecision2 adjpredict vpredictable adjprediction npredominance npredominant adjpredominantly advpredominate vpreliminary1 adjpreliminary2 npresumably advpresume vpresumption nprevious adjpreviously advprimacy nprimarily advprimary1 adjprime1 adjprincipal1 adjprincipally advprinciple nprincipled adjprior1 adjprioritize vpriority1 nprocedural adjprocedure nproceed vproceeding nproceeds nprocess1 nprocess2 vprocessed adjprofessional1 adjprofessional2 nprofessionalism nprofessionally advprohibit vprohibition nprohibitive adjproject1 nproject2 vprojection npromote vpromoter npromotion nproportion1 nproportional adjproportionate adjprospect1 nprospective adjprotocol npsychological adjpsychologist npsychology npublication nAcademic Word List8publish v publisher n publishing n purchase1 v purchase2 n pursue v pursuit n qualitative adj quotation n quote1 v quote2 n radical1 adj radical2 n random adj range1 n range2 vratio n rational adj rationalism n rationalize v react v reaction n reactionary1 adj reactionary2 n reactivate v reactive adj reactor n readjust v reassess v reconstruct v reconstruction n recover v recovery n recreate v redistribute v redistribution n refine v refined adj refinement n regime n region n regional adj register1 n register2 v registration n regulate v regulation 1 n regulator n regulatory adj reinforce v reinforcement n reinvest v reject1 v rejection n relax v relaxation n release1 v release2 n relevant adjreliable adjreliance nreliant adjrelocate vreluctance nreluctant adjrely vremovable adjremoval nremove1 vremove2 nrequire vrequirement nreschedule vresearch1 nresearch2 vreside vresidence nresident1 nresident2 adjresidential adjresolution nresolve1 vresolve2 nresource1 nresource2 vresourceful adjrespond vrespondent nresponse nresponsive adjrestoration nrestore vrestored adjrestrain vrestraint nrestrict vrestricted adjrestriction nrestrictive adjrestructure vretain vretainer nretention nretentive adjreveal vrevealing adjrevelation nrevenue nreversal nreverse1 vreverse2 nreverse3 adjreversible adjrevise vrevision nrevolution nrevolutionary1 adjrevolutionary2 nrevolutionize vrigid adjrole nroute1 nroute2 vscenario nschedule1 nschedule2 vschematic adjscheme1 nscheme2 vscope1 nsection1 nsection2 vsector nsecure1 adjsecure2 vsecurely advsecurity nseek vselect1 vselect2 adjselection nselective adjselector nsequence nsequencing nsequential adjseries nsex1 nsexism nsexual adjsexuality nshift1 vshift2 nsignificant adjsignificantly advsignify vsimilar adjsimilarity nsimilarly advsimulate vsimulated adjsimulation nsite1 nsole1 adjsolely advsomewhat advsource1 nsource2 vspecific1 adjspecific2 nspecifically advspecification nspecify vsphere nspherical adjstability nstabilize vstable1 adjstatistic nstatistician nstatus nstraightforward adjstrategic adjstrategist nstrategy nstress1 nstress2 vstressed adjstressful adjstructural adjstructure1 nstructure2 vstructured adjstyle1 nstyle2 vstyling nstylish adjstylized adjsubmission nsubmit vsubordinate1 adjsubordinate2 nsubordinate3 vsubsequent adjsubsequently advsubsidiary2 adjsubsidize vsubsidy nsubstitute1 nsubstitute2 vsubstitution nsuccession nsuccessive adjsuccessor nsufficiency nsufficient adjsum1 nsum2 vsummarize vsummary1 nsummary2 adjsummation nsupplement1 nsupplement2 vsupplementary adjsurvey1 nsurvey2 vsurvival nsurvive vsurvivor nsuspend vsuspension nsustain vsustainable adjsustained adjsustenance nsymbol n。
AWL学术英语词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzes economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishlegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimatemethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefits conceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactors financefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequire requiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontracts createcreatedcreatesidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableineinesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurecreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating data definedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingrestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvarianceredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalityvariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistribution legally Sublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministrator distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelements equateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryadministratorsaffectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffectedappropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriatelyaspect aspects assist assistance assistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassistedcategoryevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationcategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters missionmissionedmissionermissionersmissioningmissions munitymunitiesplexplexitiesplexitypute focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulputationputationalputationsputableputerputedputerisedputersputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconductsuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsunder-resourcedrestrict restrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurity seekseekingseeksconsequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitems journaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenance normalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisesought selectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextscreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits culture culturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsnormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainabletextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstance circumstances emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalmentmentariesmentarymentatormentatorsmentedmentingments pensatepensatedpensatespensatingpensationpensationspensatory ponentponentryponentsconsentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexclude excludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionateproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublish publisheconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributorsfundedfunderfundersfundingfunds illustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigration implyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringconveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductionlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingdeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominatedmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximum minor minoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoute outes partnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechntechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidatedominates dominating dominationinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidly volumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequate adequacyadequatelyinadequacies errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoal goals grant grantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesisparallelparalleparalleparalleparalleunparaparameterphasedphasesphasininadequacyinadequateinadequatelyannualannuallyapparentapparently approximate approximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitude attitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodeshypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplications imposepredictpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicunpredunpredprincipalprincippriorprofessionaprofesprofesprofesprojectprojecprojecprojecprojeccodingmit mitmentmitmentsmitsmittedmittingmunicatemunicablemunicatedmunicatesmunicatingmunicationmunicationsmunicativemunicativelyunmunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration confer conferenceconferencesimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatingprojecpromotepromopromopromopromopromopromopromoregimeregimeresolveresoluresolveresolveresolviunresoretain rretainiretaineretaineretainsconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrasts cyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcycling debatedebatabledebateddebatesdebating despite dimensiondimensionaldimensionsinvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationretentiretentiseries statisticstatististatististatististatististatististressestressestressfstressiunstresubsequentsubseqsumsummsummsummsumssummarysummmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummundertakeundertundertundertSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademically expandexpandedexpandingexpandsorientorientateorientatedorientatesacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging facilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberal liberaliseliberalismpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationclauseclauses poundpoundedpoundingpounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactableliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicensestabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutescontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enablelicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationsubstitutingsubstitution sustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolsenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionarymodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitytargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfare wheevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregate enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingnevertheless overseas precedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachfederationfederationsfeefeesflexible flexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermore gendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizeattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbonds briefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capableincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesrationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecovery revealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidy subsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operativelyinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturersubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportationtransportedtransporterdiscriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesdiscriminatingdiscrimination displaydisplayeddisplayingdisplaysdiversediverselydiversificationdiversifieddiversifiesdiversifydiversifyingdiversity domaindomainsediteditededitingeditioneditionslecturerslectureslecturingmigratemigrantmigrantsmigratedmigratesmigratingmigrationmigrationsmigratoryminimum ministryministeredministeringministerialministriesmotivemotivatemotivatedmotivatesmotivatingtransporterstransportingtransportsunderlieunderlayunderliesunderlying utiliseutilisationutilisedutilisesutilisingutiliserutilisersutilityutilitiesutilizationutilizeutilizedutilizesutilizing。
学术英语词汇 AWL(DOC)
AWL (Academic Word List)（英汉）abandon放弃；抛弃abstract抽象的；摘要academy研究院；学院；学会access接近；入口accommodate容纳；给…提供住宿；使适应accompany陪伴；伴随accumulate积累accurate准确的achieve完成；取得acknowledge承认；致谢acquire获得adapt使适应；改编adequate足够的adjacent毗连的adjust调整administer管理adult成年人advocate拥护者；拥护affect影响aggregate总的；总计aid帮助albeit虽然allocate分派alter改变alternative替代物；替代的ambiguous模棱两可的amend修订analogy类似；类推analyze分析annual每年的；年鉴anticipate预料apparent明显的append附加appreciate欣赏；感激approach靠近；方法appropriate恰当的approximate近似的arbitrary任意的；专断的area面积；地区；领域aspect方面assemble集合；装配assess估价；评价assign分派assist援助assume假设；认为；承担assure保证attach贴；附加attain达到；获得attitude态度attribute归结于；性质author作者；创始人authority当局；权威automate使自动化available可得到的aware意识到的behalf利益benefit利益；津贴；有益bias偏见bond纽带；债券brief简短的bulk体积；大批capable能够的；有能力的capacity容量category种类；范畴cease停止challenge挑战channel海峡；频道chapter章chart图表chemical化学的；化学药品circumstance情况cite引用civil公民的；国内的clarify阐明classic名著；经典的clause条款；从句code代码；法典coherent连贯的coincide相符collapse倒塌colleague同事commence开始comment评论commission委任；委员会commit犯commodity日用品communicate交流community社区；界compatible兼容的compensate补偿compile编纂complement补充complex复杂的component组成部分compound化合物；复合词comprehensive综合的comprise构成compute计算conceive构思；怀孕concentrate浓缩；集中concept概念conclude下结论concurrent同时的conduct行为；指挥confer授予；协商confine限制confirm证实conflict冲突conform遵守；符合consent同意consequent必然的considerable相当大的consist组成constant不断的constitute构成constrain限制；强制construct建造consult咨询；查阅；请教consume消费；消耗contact接触；联系；联系人contemporary当代的；同代人context上下文；背景contract合同；收缩contradict矛盾contrary相反的contrast对比contribute贡献；捐献；投稿controversy争议convene召集converse相反convert转化convince使信服cooperate合作coordinate协调core核心corporate公司的correspond通信；对应couple夫妇；两个create创造；产生credit信用；学分；功劳criteria标准crucial决定性的culture文化currency货币cycle骑自行车；循环data数据debate辩论decade十年decline下倾；下降；谢绝deduce演绎define下定义；明确definite明确的demonstrate表明；演示；示威denote表示deny否认depress使沮丧derive起源design设计；图案despite尽管detect检测deviate偏离device装置devote奉献；为…献身differentiate区分dimension尺寸；维diminish减少discrete分离的discriminate区别；歧视displace移置display展览；显示dispose处理distinct清晰的；独特的distort歪曲distribute分布diverse多样的document文件domain领域；域domestic国内的；家庭的dominate支配draft草稿；通风；起草drama戏剧duration持续时间dynamic有活力的economy经济；节约edit编辑element元素eliminate消除emerge出现emphasis强调empirical经验的enable使能够encounter遇到energy精力；能量enforce实施enhance增强enormous巨大的；大量的ensure保证entity实体environment环境equate使相等；使平等equip装备equivalent对等erode腐蚀error错误establish建立estate房地产estimate估计ethic伦理ethnic种族的evaluate评价eventual最后的evident明显的evolve进化；演变exceed超过exclude排除exhibit展览expand扩大expert专家；熟练的explicit明晰的；详述的exploit剥削；利用export出口expose暴露；揭露external外部的extract取出；摘录facilitate使容易factor因素feature特征federal联邦的fee费file文件final最后的finance财政finite有限的flexible灵活的fluctuate波动focus集中；焦点format格式formula公式forthcoming即将到来的found建立foundation建立；基础；基金会framework框架function功能；函数fund资金fundamental基本的furthermore此外gender性别generate产生generation一代；产生globe地球goal球门；目标grade等级；年级；成绩grant拨款；助学金guarantee保证guideline方针hence因此hierarchy等级制度highlight精华；加亮；强调hypothesis假设identical相同的identify识别ideology思想体系ignorant无知的illustrate举例说明；图解image图像；形象immigrate移民impact影响implement工具；执行implicate暗指implicit暗指的imply暗指impose征收；强加incentive刺激incidence发生incline斜坡；使倾斜；使倾向income收入incorporate包含index索引；指标indicate表明individual个人induce引起inevitable必然的infer推断infrastructure基础设施inherent固有的inhibit抑制initial最初的；词首的；首字母initiate开始injure使受伤innovate创新input输入insert插入；插页insight见识inspect视察instance例子institute研究所；学院instruct教；指示integral整体的；整的integrate使结合integrity诚信；完整intelligent聪明的intense强烈的interact相互作用intermediate中间的；中级的internal内部的interpret解释；口译interval间隔intervene干预intrinsic内在的invest投资investigate调查invoke恳求involve涉及isolate孤立issue问题；发行item项目job工作journal杂志；日记justify证明label标签labor劳动layer层lecture讲课；讲座legal合法的；法律的legislate立法levy征收liberal自由的；开明的license执照likewise同样地link连接；环节locate使位于；找到logic逻辑maintain维持；维修major主要的；专业manipulate操作manual体力的；手册margin页边mature 成熟maximize使最大化mechanism装置；机制media媒体mediate调停medical医学的medium媒介；中等的mental心理的method方法migrate迁移military军事的minimal最小的minimize使最小化minimum最小值ministry部minor次要的；辅修专业mode模式modify修改；修饰monitor监视motive动机mutual相互的negate否定network网络neutral中立的nevertheless然而nonetheless然而norm标准normal正常的notion概念；想法notwithstanding虽然nuclear核的；核心的objective客观的；目标obtain获得obvious明显的occupy占领；使忙碌occur出现odd奇数的；奇怪的；临时的offset抵消ongoing进行中的option选择orient东方；使适应outcome结果output产量；产出overall总体的overlap重叠overseas海外panel专家小组；面板paradigm范例paragraph段落parallel平行的parameter参数participate参加partner搭档passive被动的perceive察觉；理解percent百分之period时期；句号persist持续perspective角度phase阶段phenomenon现象philosophy哲学physical身体的；物理的plus 加policy政策portion部分pose摆姿势positive积极的；阳性的potential潜在的；潜力practitioner从业者precede先于precise精确的predict预测predominant主要的preliminary初步的；初赛presume假设previous先前的primary初级的；主要的prime首要的principal主要的；校长principle原则prior在先的priority优先；重点proceed进行process过程；加工professional专业的；专业人员prohibit禁止project工程promote促进；促销proportion比例prospect前景protocol协议；礼仪psychology心理学publication出版；出版物publish出版purchase购买pursue追赶；追求qualitative定性的quote引用radical基本的；激进的random随机的range范围；山脉ratio比rational理性的react反应recover恢复refine提炼regime政权region地区register登记；挂号regulate调节reinforce加强reject拒绝relax放松release释放relevant有关的reluctance勉强rely依赖remove移走require要求research研究reside居住resolve解决；决心resource资源respond响应restore恢复restrain抑制restrict限制retain保留reveal显示revenue收入；税收reverse背面；倒车revise修改revolution革命；旋转rigid僵硬的：刻板的role角色route路线scenario剧本；方案schedule时间表scheme方案scope范围section部分sector部门secure安全的seek试图；寻找select选择sequence顺序series系列sex性；性别shift转换significant重要的similar相似的simulate模拟site地点so-called所谓的sole 唯一的；脚底；鞋底somewhat有点source来源specific具体的specify详述sphere球体；领域stable稳定的；马厩statistic统计的status地位straightforward坦率的strategy战略；策略stress压力；重音；强调structure结构style风格submit使屈服；提交subordinate下级的；从属的subsequent随后的subsidy补助substitute代替者；代替successor继任sufficient足够的sum金额summary总结supplement 补充survey调查survive幸存suspend暂停sustain维持symbol象征；符号tape磁带target靶子；目标task任务team队technical技术的technique技巧technology技术temporary暂时的tense紧张的；时态terminate终止text文本theme主题theory理论thereby从而thesis论文topic话题trace痕迹tradition传统transfer转移；换车transform转变transit运输；过渡transmit输送transport运输trend趋势trigger 触发；扳机ultimate最终的undergo经受underlie是…的基础undertake从事uniform一致的；制服unify统一unique独一无二的utilize利用valid有效的vary变化vehicle车辆version译文；版本via 经过violate违犯virtual实际上的；虚拟的visible可见的vision视力visual视觉的volume卷；音量；体积voluntary 自愿的；志愿的welfare福利whereas而whereby由此widespread普遍的AWL词汇（汉英）安全的secure暗指implicate暗指imply暗指的implicit靶子target百分之percent摆姿势pose扳机trigger版本version伴随accompany 帮助aid包含incorporate 保留retain保证assure保证ensure保证guarantee暴露expose背景context背面reverse被动的passive比ratio比例proportion必然的consequent 必然的inevitable 编辑edit编纂compile变化vary辩论debate标签label标准criteria标准norm表明demonstrate 表明indicate表示denote拨款grant波动fluctuate剥削exploit补偿compensate 补充complement 补充supplement 补助subsidy不断的constant部ministry部分portion部分section部门sector财政finance参加participate参数parameter 操作manipulate草稿draft策略strategy层layer插入insert插页insert查阅consult察觉perceive产出output产量output产生create产生generate产生generation阐明clarify超过exceed车辆vehicle成绩grade成年人adult成熟mature诚信integrity承担assume承认acknowledge持续persist持续时间duration尺寸dimension冲突conflict抽象的abstract出版publication出版publish出版物publication出口export出现emerge出现occur初步的preliminary初级的primary初赛preliminary处理dispose触发trigger传统tradition创始人author创新innovate创造create词首的initial磁带tape此外furthermore次要的minor刺激incentive聪明的intelligent从而thereby从句clause从事undertake从属的subordinate从业者practitioner促进promote促销promote错误error搭档partner达到attain大量的enormous大批bulk代码code代替substitute代替者substitute当代的contemporary当局authority倒车reverse倒塌collapse登记register等级grade等级制度hierarchy抵消offset地点site地球globe地区area地区region地位status定性的qualitative东方orient动机motive独特的distinct独一无二的unique段落paragraph队team对比contrast对等equivalent对应correspond多样的diverse而whereas发行issue发生incidence法典code法律的legal反应react犯commit范畴category范例paradigm范围range范围scope方案scenario方案scheme方法approach方法method方面aspect方针guideline房地产estate放弃abandon放松relax费fee分布distribute分离的discrete分派allocate分派assign分析analyze风格style奉献devote否定negate否认deny夫妇couple符号symbol符合conform福利welfare辅修专业minor 腐蚀erode附加append附加attach复合词compound 复杂的complex 改编adapt改变alter概念concept概念notion感激appreciate 干预intervene革命revolution 格式format个人individual 给…提供住宿accommodate工程project工具implement 工作job公民的civil公式formula公司的corporate 功劳credit功能function贡献contribute 构成comprise构成constitute构思conceive购买purchase 估计estimate估价assess孤立isolate固有的inherent挂号register管理administer归结于attribute国内的civil国内的domestic过程process过渡transit海外overseas海峡channel函数function行为conduct合法的legal合同contract合作cooperate核的nuclear核心core核心的nuclear痕迹trace化合物compound化学的chemical化学药品chemical话题topic怀孕conceive环节link环境environment换车transfer恢复recover恢复restore货币currency获得acquire获得attain获得obtain机制mechanism积极的positive积累accumulate基本的fundamental基本的radical基础foundation基础设施infrastructure基金会foundation激进的radical即将到来的forthcoming集合assemble集中concentrate集中focus计算compute技巧technique技术technology技术的technical继任successor加plus加工process加亮highlight加强reinforce家庭的domestic假设assume假设hypothesis假设presume间隔interval监视monitor兼容的compatible检测detect减少diminish简短的brief见识insight建立establish建立found建立foundation建造construct僵硬的：刻板的rigid讲课lecture讲座lecture交流communicate焦点focus角度perspective角色role脚底sole教instruct阶段phase接触contact接近access揭露expose节约economy结构structure结果outcome解决resolve解释interpret界community金额sum津贴benefit紧张的tense尽管despite进行proceed进行中的ongoing进化evolve近似的approximate禁止prohibit经典的classic经过via经济economy经受undergo经验的empirical精华highlight精力energy精确的precise居住reside举例说明illustrate 巨大的enormous 句号period拒绝reject具体的specific剧本scenario捐献contribute卷volume决定性的crucial 决心resolve军事的military开明的liberal开始commence开始initiate靠近approach可得到的available 可见的visible客观的objective 恳求invoke口译interpret框架framework 扩大expand来源source劳动labor类似analogy类推analogy礼仪protocol理解perceive理论theory理性的rational立法legislate利益behalf利益benefit利用exploit利用utilize例子instance连贯的coherent 连接link联邦的federal联系contact联系人contact两个couple临时的odd灵活的flexible领域area领域domain领域sphere路线route伦理ethic 论文thesis逻辑logic马厩stable矛盾contradict媒介medium媒体media每年的annual勉强reluctance面板panel面积area名著classic明确define明确的definite明晰的explicit明显的apparent明显的evident明显的obvious模棱两可的ambiguous模拟simulate模式mode目标goal目标objective目标target内部的internal内在的intrinsic能够的capable能量energy年级grade年鉴annual纽带bond浓缩concentrate排除exclude抛弃abandon陪伴accompany毗连的adjacent偏见bias偏离deviate频道channel平行的parallel评价assess评价evaluate评论comment普遍的widespread奇怪的odd奇数的odd歧视discriminate骑自行车cycle起草draft起源derive恰当的appropriate迁移migrate前景prospect潜力potential潜在的potential强加impose强烈的intense强调emphasis强调highlight强调stress强制constrain清晰的distinct情况circumstance请教consult球门goal球体sphere区别discriminate区分differentiate趋势trend取出extract取得achieve权威authority然而nevertheless然而nonetheless认为assume任务task任意的arbitrary日记journal日用品commodity容量capacity容纳accommodate入口access山脉range上下文context设计design社区community涉及involve身体的physical十年decade时间表schedule时期period时态tense识别identify实际上的virtual实施enforce实体entity使结合integrate使沮丧depress使忙碌occupy使能够enable使平等equate使倾向incline使倾斜incline使屈服submit使容易facilitate使适应accommodate使适应adapt使适应orient使受伤injure使位于locate使相等equate使信服convince使自动化automate使最大化maximize使最小化minimize示威demonstrate试图seek视察inspect视觉的visual视力vision是…的基础underlie释放release收入income收入revenue收缩contract手册manual首要的prime首字母initial授予confer输入input输送transmit熟练的expert数据data税收revenue顺序sequence思想体系ideology虽然albeit虽然notwithstanding 随后的subsequent随机的random所谓的so-called索引index态度attitude坦率的straightforward 特征feature提交submit提炼refine体积bulk体积volume体力的manual替代的alternative替代物alternative挑战challenge条款clause调查investigate调查survey调节regulate调停mediate调整adjust贴attach 停止cease通风draft通信correspond同代人contemporary同时的concurrent同事colleague同样地likewise同意consent统计的statistic统一unify投稿contribute投资invest图案design图表chart图解illustrate图像image推断infer歪曲distort外部的external完成achieve完整integrity网络network为…献身devote违犯violate唯一的sole维dimension维持maintain维持sustain维修maintain委任commission委员会commission文本text文化culture文件document文件file稳定的stable问题issue无知的ignorant物理的physical戏剧drama系列series下定义define下级的subordinate下降decline下结论conclude下倾decline先前的previous先于precede显示display显示reveal现象phenomenon限制confine限制constrain限制restrict相当大的considerable相反converse相反的contrary相符coincide相互的mutual相互作用interact相似的similar相同的identical详述specify详述的explicit响应respond想法notion项目item象征symbol消除eliminate消费consume消耗consume校长principal协商confer协调coordinate协议protocol斜坡incline鞋底sole谢绝decline心理的mental心理学psychology欣赏appreciate信用credit形象image幸存survive性sex性别gender性别sex性质attribute修订amend修改modify修改revise修饰modify虚拟的virtual旋转revolution选择option选择select学分credit学会academy学院academy学院institute寻找seek循环cycle压力stress研究research研究所institute研究院academy演变evolve演示demonstrate 演绎deduce阳性的positive要求require页边margin一代generation 一致的uniform医学的medical依赖rely移民immigrate移置displace移走remove抑制inhibit抑制restrain译文version意识到的aware 因此hence因素factor音量volume引起induce引用cite引用quote影响affect影响impact拥护advocate拥护者advocate 优先priority由此whereby有点somewhat有关的relevant 有活力的dynamic 有能力的capable 有限的finite有效的valid有益benefit预测predict预料anticipate域domain遇到encounter元素element原则principle援助assist运输transit运输transport杂志journal 在先的prior暂时的temporary暂停suspend增强enhance摘录extract摘要abstract债券bond展览display展览exhibit占领occupy战略strategy章chapter找到locate召集convene哲学philosophy争议controversy征收impose征收levy整的integral整体的integral正常的normal证明justify证实confirm政策policy政权regime支配dominate执行implement执照license指标index指挥conduct指示instruct志愿的voluntary制服uniform致谢acknowledge中等的medium中级的intermediate中间的intermediate中立的neutral终止terminate种类category种族的ethnic重点priority重叠overlap重要的significant重音stress主题theme主要的major主要的predominant主要的primary主要的principal助学金grant专断的arbitrary专家expert专家小组panel专业major专业的professional专业人员professional转变transform转化convert转换shift转移transfer装备equip装配assemble装置device装置mechanism追赶pursue追求pursue准确的accurate咨询consult资金fund资源resource自由的liberal自愿的voluntary综合的comprehensive总的aggregate总计aggregate总结summary总体的overall足够的adequate足够的sufficient组成consist组成部分component最初的initial最后的eventual最后的final最小的minimal最小值minimum最终的ultimate遵守conform作者author。
学术英语词汇AWL
AWL(AcademicWordLis（t)英汉）abandon放弃；抛弃abstract抽象的；摘要a ttach贴；附加attain达到；获得c ompound化合物；复合词academy研究院；学院；学会a ttitude态度attribute归结于；性质c omprehensive综合的comprise构成access接近；入口author作者；创始人compute计算accommodate容纳；给⋯authority当局；权威c onceive构思；怀孕提供住宿；使适应automate使自动化concentrate浓缩；集中accompany陪伴；伴随available可得到的concept概念accumulate积累a ware意识到的conclude下结论accurate准确的behalf利益concurrent同时的achieve完成；取得benefit利益；津贴；有益conduct行为；指挥acknowledge承认；致谢bias偏见c onfer授予；协商acquire获得adapt使适应；改编b ond纽带；债券brief简短的c onfine限制confirm证实adequate足够的adjacent毗连的b ulk体积；大批capable能够的；有能力的c onflict冲突conform遵守；符合adjust调整administer管理c apacity容量category种类；范畴c onsent同意consequent必然的adult成年人advocate拥护者；拥护c ease停止challenge挑战c onsiderable相当大的consist组成affect影响channel海峡；频道c onstant不断的aggregate总的；总计chapter章constitute构成aid帮助chart图表c onstrain限制；强制albeit虽然chemical化学的；化学药c onstruct 建造allocate分派consult咨询；查阅；请教品alter改变c ircumstance情况consume消费；消耗alternative替代物；替代的c ite引用civil公民的；国内的c ontact接触；联系；联系人ambiguous模棱两可的amend修订c larify阐明classic名著；经典的c ontemporary当代的；同代人analogy类似；类推c lause条款；从句context上下文；背景analyze分析code代码；法典contract合同；收缩annual每年的；年鉴c oherent连贯的contradict矛盾anticipate预料c oincide相符contrary相反的apparent明显的collapse倒塌contrast对比append附加appreciate欣赏；感激c olleague同事commence开始c ontribute贡献；捐献；投稿approach靠近；方法comment评论c ontroversy争议appropriate恰当的commission委任；委员会convene召集approximate近似的commit犯converse相反arbitrary任意的；专断的commodity日用品convert转化area面积；地区；领域communicate交流convince使信服aspect方面community社区；界cooperate合作assemble集合；装配compatible兼容的coordinate协调assess估价；评价compensate补偿c ore核心assign分派compile编纂c orporate公司的assist援助complement补充c orrespond通信；对应assume假设；认为；承担complex复杂的couple夫妇；两个assure保证c omponent组成部分create创造；产生1credit信用；学分；功劳e ncounter遇到fund资金criteria标准e nergy精力；能量fundamental基本的crucial决定性的enforce实施f urthermore此外culture文化enhance增强gender性别currency货币enormous巨大的；大量的generate产生cycle骑自行车；循环ensure保证g eneration一代；产生data数据debate辩论e ntity实体environment环境g lobe地球goal球门；目标decade十年decline下倾；下降；谢绝e quate使相等；使平等equip装备g rade等级；年级；成绩grant拨款；助学金deduce演绎e quivalent对等guarantee保证define下定义；明确definite明确的e rode腐蚀error错误g uideline方针hence因此demonstrate表明；演示；establish建立hierarchy等级制度示威estate房地产highlight精华；加亮；强denote表示deny否认e stimate估计ethic伦理调hypothesis假设depress使沮丧derive起源e thnic种族的evaluate评价i dentical相同的identify识别design设计；图案e ventual最后的ideology思想体系despite尽管evident明显的ignorant无知的detect检测evolve进化；演变i llustrate举例说明；图解deviate偏离exceed超过i mage图像；形象device装置exclude排除immigrate移民devote奉献；为⋯献身exhibit展览impact影响differentiate区分expand扩大implement工具；执行dimension尺寸；维e xpert专家；熟练的implicate暗指diminish减少explicit明晰的；详述的implicit暗指的discrete分离的exploit剥削；利用imply暗指discriminate区别；歧视export出口impose征收；强加displace移置expose暴露；揭露incentive刺激display展览；显示external外部的incidence发生dispose处理distinct清晰的；独特的e xtract取出；摘录facilitate使容易i ncline斜坡；使倾斜；使倾向distort歪曲factor因素income收入distribute分布feature特征incorporate包含diverse多样的federal联邦的index索引；指标document文件fee费i ndicate表明domain领域；域file文件individual个人domestic国内的；家庭的final最后的induce引起dominate支配finance财政i nevitable必然的draft草稿；通风；起草finite有限的infer推断drama戏剧flexible灵活的infrastructure基础设施duration持续时间f luctuate波动i nherent固有的dynamic有活力的focus集中；焦点inhibit抑制economy经济；节约edit编辑f ormat格式formula公式i nitial最初的；词首的；首字母element元素forthcoming即将到来的initiate开始eliminate消除found建立injure使受伤emerge出现emphasis强调f oundation建立；基础；基金会i nnovate创新input输入empirical经验的enable使能够f ramework框架function功能；函数i nsert插入；插页insight见识2inspect视察method方法phenomenon现象instance例子migrate迁移philosophy哲学institute研究所；学院military军事的physical身体的；物理的instruct教；指示minimal最小的plus加integral整体的；整的minimize使最小化policy政策integrate使结合minimum最小值portion部分integrity诚信；完整intelligent聪明的m inistry部minor次要的；辅修专业p ose摆姿势positive积极的；阳性的intense强烈的interact相互作用m ode模式modify修改；修饰p otential潜在的；潜力practitioner从业者intermediate中间的；中monitor监视precede先于级的internal内部的m otive动机mutual相互的p recise精确的predict预测interpret解释；口译negate否定predominant主要的interval间隔network网络preliminary初步的；初赛intervene干预intrinsic内在的n eutral中立的nevertheless然而p resume假设previous先前的invest投资investigate调查n onetheless然而norm标准p rimary初级的；主要的prime首要的invoke恳求normal正常的principal主要的；校长involve涉及notion概念；想法principle原则isolate孤立notwithstanding虽然prior在先的issue问题；发行nuclear核的；核心的priority优先；重点item项目objective客观的；目标proceed进行job工作obtain获得process过程；加工journal杂志；日记obvious明显的professional专业的；专业justify证明occupy占领；使忙碌人员label标签occur出现prohibit禁止labor劳动odd奇数的；奇怪的；临project工程layer层时的promote促进；促销lecture讲课；讲座offset抵消proportion比例legal合法的；法律的ongoing进行中的prospect前景legislate立法option选择protocol协议；礼仪levy征收orient东方；使适应psychology心理学liberal自由的；开明的outcome结果publication出版；出版物license执照output产量；产出publish出版likewise同样地overall总体的purchase购买link连接；环节overlap重叠pursue追赶；追求locate使位于；找到overseas海外qualitative定性的logic逻辑panel专家小组；面板quote引用maintain维持；维修paradigm范例radical基本的；激进的major主要的；专业paragraph段落random随机的manipulate操作parallel平行的range范围；山脉manual体力的；手册parameter参数ratio比margin页边participate参加rational理性的mature成熟partner搭档react反应maximize使最大化passive被动的recover恢复mechanism装置；机制perceive察觉；理解refine提炼media媒体percent百分之regime政权mediate调停medical医学的p eriod时期；句号persist持续r egion地区register登记；挂号medium媒介；中等的mental心理的p erspective角度phase阶段r egulate调节reinforce加强3reject拒绝s ite地点terminate终止relax放松so-called所谓的text文本release释放sole唯一的；脚底；鞋底theme主题relevant有关的somewhat有点theory理论reluctance勉强s ource来源thereby从而rely依赖s pecific具体的thesis论文remove移走require要求s pecify详述sphere球体；领域t opic话题trace痕迹research研究reside居住s table稳定的；马厩statistic统计的t radition传统transfer转移；换车resolve解决；决心status地位transform转变resource资源respond响应s traightforward坦率的strategy战略；策略t ransit运输；过渡transmit输送restore恢复stress压力；重音；强调transport运输restrain抑制structure结构t rend趋势restrict限制retain保留s tyle风格submit使屈服；提交t rigger触发；扳机ultimate最终的reveal显示revenue收入；税收s ubordinate下级的；从属的u ndergo经受underlie是⋯的基础reverse背面；倒车s ubsequent随后的undertake从事revise修改subsidy补助u niform一致的；制服revolution革命；旋转substitute代替者；代替unify统一rigid僵硬的：刻板的successor继任unique独一无二的role角色sufficient足够的utilize利用route路线s um金额v alid有效的scenario剧本；方案summary总结vary变化schedule时间表supplement补充v ehicle车辆scheme方案survey调查version译文；版本scope范围s urvive幸存via经过section部分suspend暂停v iolate违犯sector部门s ustain维持v irtual实际上的；虚拟的secure安全的symbol象征；符号visible可见的seek试图；寻找tape磁带v ision视力select选择target靶子；目标v isual视觉的sequence顺序t ask任务v olume卷；音量；体积series系列team队v oluntary自愿的；志愿的sex性；性别t echnical技术的welfare福利shift转换t echnique技巧whereas而significant重要的technology技术whereby由此similar相似的temporary暂时的widespread普遍的simulate模拟t ense紧张的；时态4AWL词汇（汉英）安全的secure操作manipulate从句clause暗指implicate草稿draft从事undertake暗指imply策略strategy从属的subordinate暗指的implicit层layer从业者practitioner 靶子target插入insert促进promote百分之percent插页insert促销promote摆姿势pose查阅consult错误error扳机trigger察觉perceive搭档partner版本version产出output达到attain伴随accompany产量output大量的enormous帮助aid产生create大批bulk包含incorporate产生generate代码code保留retain产生generation代替substitute保证assure阐明clarify代替者substitute保证ensure超过exceed当代的contemporary保证guarantee车辆vehicle当局authority暴露expose成绩grade倒车reverse背景context成年人adult倒塌collapse背面reverse成熟mature登记register被动的passive诚信integrity等级grade比ratio承担assume等级制度hierarchy比例proportion承认acknowledge抵消offset 必然的consequent持续persist地点site必然的inevitable持续时间duration地球globe编辑edit编纂compile 尺寸dimension冲突conflict地区area地区region变化vary 辩论debate 抽象的abstract出版publication地位status定性的qualitative标签label标准criteria 出版publish出版物publication东方orient动机motive标准norm表明demonstrate 出口export出现emerge独特的distinct独一无二的unique表明indicate出现occur段落paragraph表示denote初步的preliminary队team拨款grant初级的primary对比contrast波动fluctuate初赛preliminary对等equivalent 剥削exploit处理dispose对应correspond补偿compensate触发trigger多样的diverse补充complement传统tradition而whereas补充supplement创始人author发行issue补助subsidy创新innovate发生incidence不断的constant创造create法典code部ministry词首的initial法律的legal部分portion磁带tape反应react部分section此外furthermore犯commit部门sector次要的minor范畴category财政finance刺激incentive范例paradigm参加participate聪明的intelligent范围range 参数parameter从而thereby范围scope5方案scenario估计estimate继任s uccessor方案scheme估价assess加plus方法approach孤立isolate加工process方法method固有的inherent加亮highlight方面aspect挂号register加强r einforce方针g uideline管理administer家庭的domestic房地产e state归结于a ttribute假设a ssume放弃abandon国内的civil假设h ypothesis放松relax国内的domestic假设p resume费fee过程process间隔i nterval分布distribute过渡t ransit监视monitor分离的discrete海外overseas兼容的compatible 分派allocate海峡channel检测detect分派assign函数function减少diminish分析analyze行为c onduct简短的brief风格style合法的legal见识insight奉献devote合同contract建立establish否定negate合作cooperate建立found否认d eny 夫妇c ouple 核的nuclear核心core建立foundation建造construct符号symbol核心的nuclear僵硬的：刻板的rigid 符合conform痕迹trace讲课l ecture福利welfare化合物compound讲座l ecture辅修专业m inor化学的chemical交流communicate腐蚀e rode附加append 化学药品c hemical话题t opic焦点focus角度perspective附加attach怀孕c onceive角色role复合词c ompound 复杂的complex 环节l ink环境e nvironment脚底sole教instruct改编a dapt 改变a lter 换车t ransfer恢复recover阶段p hase接触contact概念concept恢复restore接近access概念notion货币currency揭露expose感激appreciate获得a cquire节约economy干预i ntervene获得a ttain结构structure革命revolution获得o btain结果o utcome格式format机制mechanism解决resolve个人individual积极的positive解释i nterpret 给⋯提供住宿积累a ccumulate界communityaccommodate 工程project 基本的fundamental基本的radical金额s um津贴b enefit工具implement基础foundation紧张的tense工作job基础设施infrastructure尽管despite公民的civil基金会foundation进行proceed公式formula激进的radical进行中的ongoing公司的corporate即将到来的forthcoming进化evolve 功劳c redit集合assemble近似的approximate功能function集中concentrate禁止prohibit贡献contribute集中focus经典的classic构成comprise计算c ompute经过via构成constitute技巧technique经济e conomy构思conceive技术technology经受u ndergo购买p urchase技术的technical经验的empirical6精华highlight论文thesis潜在的potential精力energy逻辑logic强加impose精确的precise马厩stable强烈的intense居住reside矛盾contradict强调emphasis举例说明illustrate媒介medium强调highlight巨大的enormous媒体media强调stress句号period每年的annual强制constrain拒绝reject勉强reluctance清晰的distinct具体的specific面板panel情况circumstance剧本scenario面积area请教consult捐献contribute名著classic球门goal卷volume明确define球体sphere决定性的crucial明确的definite区别discriminate 决心resolve明晰的explicit区分differentiate军事的military明显的apparent趋势trend开明的liberal明显的evident取出extract开始commence明显的obvious取得achieve开始initiate模棱两可的ambiguous权威authority靠近approach可得到的available 模拟simulate模式mode然而nevertheless然而nonetheless可见的visible目标goal认为assume客观的objective目标objective任务task 恳求invoke目标target任意的arbitrary 口译interpret内部的internal日记journal框架framework 扩大expand 内在的intrinsic能够的capable日用品commodity容量capacity来源source能量energy容纳accommodate劳动labor 类似analogy 年级grade年鉴annual入口access山脉range类推analogy 礼仪protocol 纽带bond浓缩concentrate上下文context设计design理解perceive排除exclude社区community理论theory抛弃abandon涉及involve理性的rational陪伴accompany身体的physical 立法legislate毗连的adjacent十年decade利益behalf偏见bias时间表schedule利益benefit偏离deviate时期period利用exploit频道channel时态tense利用utilize平行的parallel识别identify例子instance评价assess实际上的virtual连贯的coherent评价evaluate实施enforce连接link评论comment实体entity联邦的federal使结合integrate普遍的widespread联系contact使沮丧depress奇怪的odd联系人contact使忙碌occupy奇数的odd两个使能够coupleenab le临时的使平等oddequate 灵活的使倾向flexiblein cline 歧视discriminate骑自行车cycle前景prospect潜力potential使适应accommodate使适应adapt领域使倾斜areaincline领域使屈服domainsubmit领域使容易spherefacilitate路线route伦理ethic7使适应o rient停止cease限制restrict使受伤i njure通风d raft相当大的considerable使位于locate通信correspond相反converse使相等equate同代人contemporary相反的contrary 使信服convince同时的concurrent相符coincide 使自动化automate同事colleague相互的mutual使最大化maximize同样地l ikewise相互作用interact 使最小化minimize同意consent相似的similar示威demonstrate统计的statistic相同的identical 试图s eek统一unify详述specify视察i nspect投稿contribute详述的explicit视觉的visual投资i nvest响应r espond视力vision图案d esign想法notion是⋯的基础u nderlie图表c hart项目i tem释放r elease图解i llustrate象征symbol收入income图像i mage消除eliminate收入revenue推断infer消费c onsume收缩c ontract歪曲distort消耗consume手册manual 首要的prime 外部的external完成achieve校长p rincipal协商c onfer首字母initial完整integrity协调coordinate 授予confer网络n etwork协议p rotocol输入input为⋯献身devote斜坡incline输送t ransmit违犯v iolate鞋底sole熟练的expert 数据data 唯一的sole维dimension谢绝d ecline心理的mental税收revenue维持m aintain心理学psychology顺序s equence思想体系ideology 维持s ustain维修maintain欣赏a ppreciate信用credit虽然a lbeit虽然n otwithstanding 委任commission委员会commission形象image幸存survive随后的subsequent文本text性sex随机的random文化culture性别g ender所谓的so-called文件document性别s ex索引index文件file性质a ttribute态度a ttitude稳定的stable修订a mend坦率的straightforward问题issue修改modify特征feature无知的ignorant修改revise提交submit物理的physical修饰m odify提炼r efine戏剧drama虚拟的virtual体积b ulk系列series旋转r evolution体积v olume下定义d efine选择option体力的manual下级的subordinate选择select替代的alternative下降decline学分credit 替代物alternative下结论conclude学会academy 挑战c hallenge下倾d ecline学院academy条款clause先前的previous学院institute 调查i nvestigate先于precede寻找s eek调查s urvey显示display循环c ycle调节r egulate显示reveal压力stress调停mediate现象phenomenon研究research 调整adjust限制confine研究所institute贴attach限制constrain研究院academy8WOED 格式专业资料整理演变evolve 在先的prior 主要的major演示demonstrate 暂时的temporary 主要的predominant 演绎deduce 暂停suspend 主要的primary阳性的positive 增强enhance 主要的principal 要求require 摘录extract 助学金grant页边margin 摘要abstract 专断的arbitrary 一代generation 债券bond 专家expert一致的uniform 展览display 专家小组panel 医学的medical 展览exhibit 专业major 依赖rely 占领occupy 专业的professional移民immigrate 战略strategy 专业人员professional 移置displace 章chapter 转变transform 移走remove 找到locate 转化convert 抑制inhibit 召集convene 转换shift抑制restrain 哲学philosophy 转移transfer 译文version 争议controversy 装备equip 意识到的aware 征收impose 装配assemble 因此hence 征收levy 装置device 因素factor 音量volume 整的integral 整体的integral装置mechanism 追赶pursue引起induce 正常的normal 追求pursue 引用cite 证明justify 准确的accurate 引用quote 证实confirm 咨询consult 影响affect 政策policy 资金fund 影响impact 拥护advocate 政权regime 支配dominate资源resource 自由的liberal 拥护者advocate 执行implement 自愿的voluntary 优先priority 由此whereby 执照license 指标index综合的comprehensive 总的aggregate 有点somewhat 有关的relevant 指挥conduct 指示instruct总计aggregate 总结summary有活力的dynamic 志愿的voluntary 总体的overall 有能力的capable 制服uniform 足够的adequate 有限的finite 致谢acknowledge 足够的sufficient 有效的valid 中等的medium 组成consist有益benefit 中级的intermediate 组成部分component 预测predict 中间的intermediate 最初的initial 预料anticipate 中立的neutral 最后的eventual 域domain 终止terminate 最后的final遇到encounter 种类category 最小的minimal 元素element 种族的ethnic 最小值minimum 原则principle 重点priority 最终的ultimate 援助assist 重叠overlap 遵守conform运输transit 重要的significant 作者author运输transport 重音stress 杂志journal 主题theme9。
雅思高频词汇表(汇总)
The Academic Word List (AWL)英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL?AWL ( 《英语学术词汇表》) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字， analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL ？AWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。
除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。
Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。
例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。
3. Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
登陆网页 /staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看到 570 个词目（ headwords）。
如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。
AWL词汇表
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.Analysis n.分析；分解；验定Approach n. 接近；方法；途径vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近area n. 面积；区域，地区；范围assessment n. 评定；估价assume vt. 假定；承担；呈现；采取vi. 装腔作势；多管闲事authority n. 权威；权力；当局(the authorities)available adj. 可利用的；有效的，可得的；空闲的benefit n. 利益，好处；救济金vt. 有益于，对…有益vi. 受益，得益concept n. 观念，概念consistent adj. 始终如一的，一致的；坚持的constitutional adj. 宪法的；体质上的；本质的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动context n. 环境；上下文；来龙去脉contract vi. 收缩；感染；订约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短n. 合同；婚约create vt. 造成；创造，创作data n. 资料；数据（datum的复数）definition n. 定义；[物] 清晰度；解说derived adj. 导出的；衍生的，派生的v. 得到；由…而来；推断（derive的过去分词）distribution n. 分配；分布economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；经济学的environment n. 环境，外界established adj. 已制定的，已建立的；确定的estimate vi. 估计，估价n. 估计，估价；判断，看法vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价evidence n. 证据，证明；迹象；明显vt. 证明export n. 输出，出口；出口商品vi. 输出物资vt. 输出，出口factors n. 因素（factor的复数）v. 做代理商；分解…的因子；把…作为因素考虑（factor的第三人称单数）financial adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的formula n. 公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品function n. 功能；函数；职责；盛大的集会vi. 行使职责；运行；活动identified adj. 被认同者；经鉴定的；被识别的v. 辨认；鉴定（identify的过去分词）income n. 收入，收益；所得indicate vt. 指出；表明；象征；预示individual adj. 个别的；个人的；独特的n. 个人，个体interpretation n. 解释；翻译；演出involved adj. 卷入的；有关的；复杂的v. 涉及；使参与；包含（involve的过去式和过去分词）issues n. 议题，问题；争点；债券（issue的复数）v. 流出；分发；发行（issue的第三人称单数）labour n. 劳动力，人工；分娩vi. 分娩；费力地前进；劳动legal adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的legislation n. 立法；法律major adj. 主要的；主修的；重要的；较多的n. 成年人；主修科目；陆军少校vi. 主修method n. 方法；条理；[计]类函数adj. 使用体验派表演方法的occur vi. 发生；出现；存在percent n. 百分比，百分率；百分数；部分adj. 百分之…的adv. 以百分之…地period n. 周期，期间；时期；课时；月经adj. 某一时代的policy n. 政策，方针；保险单principle n. 原理，原则；主义，道义；本质，本义；根源，源泉procedure n. 步骤；程序，手续process vt. 处理；加工n. 过程，进行；方法，步骤；作用；程序；推移vi. 列队前进adj. 经过特殊加工（或处理）的required adj. 必需的；（美）必修的v. 要求；需要（require的过去式及过去分词形式）research n. 研究；调查vi. 研究；调查vt. 研究；调查response n. 响应；反应；回答role n. 角色；任务section n. 章节；地区；截面；部门vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分vt. 把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分sector n. 部门；扇形，扇区；象限仪；函数尺vt. 把…分成扇形significant adj. 重大的；有意义的；有效的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 有意义的事物；象征similar adj. 相似的n. 类似物source n. 来源；原始资料；水源specific adj. 特殊的，特定的；明确的；详细的；具有特效的n. 特效药；细节；特性structure n. 构造；结构；建筑物vt. 组织；建造；构成theory n. 理论；原理；学说；推测variable adj. 易变的，多变的；可变的；[生]变异的，畸变的；[数]变量的n. 可变物，可变因素；[数]变量Sublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus.achieve vt. 完成；达到vi. 达到目的；如愿以偿acquisition n. 获得物，获得administration n. 管理；行政；行政机构；实施affect vt. 影响；假装；感动；感染vi. 倾向；喜欢n. 情感；引起感情的因素appropriate adj. 适当的vt. 占用；拨出aspects n. 方面；相位；面貌（aspect）的复数assistance n. 援助，帮助；辅助设备categories n. 类别（category的复数）；分类chapter n. 章，回；人生或历史上的重要时期；（俱乐部、协会等的）分会vt. 把…分成章节commission n. 犯；佣金；委任；委任状；委员会vt. 委任；委托制作；使服役community n. 社区；团体；共同体；群落complex adj. 复杂的；合成的n. 复合体；综合设施computer n. 电脑；计算机；电子计算机conclusion n. 结论；推论；结局conduct vi. 带领；导电vt. 管理；表现；引导n. 行为；进行；实施consequences n. 后果，结果；影响（consequence的复数）construction n. 建筑物；建设；解释；造句consumer n. 用户，顾客；消费者credit n. 信用，信誉；信任；贷款；声望；学分vt. 相信，信任；把…归给，归功于；赞颂cultural adj. 文化的；教养的design vt. 设计；计划；构思n. 设计；图案vi. 设计distinction n. 差别；区别；特性；荣誉、勋章elements n. 基础；原理equation n. 方程式，等式；相等；反应式evaluation n. 评价；估价；评估；求值features n. 容貌；产品特点，特征；嘴脸（feature的复数）v. 是…的特色，使突出（feature的第三人称单数）final adj. 最终的；决定性的；不可更改的n. 决赛；期末考试；当日报纸的末版focus n. 焦点；焦距；清晰；中心vt. 使聚焦；使集中vi. 聚焦；集中；调节焦距impact vt. 撞击；冲突；影响；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 效果；影响；碰撞；冲击力injury n. 伤害，损害；受伤处institute vt. 制定；创立；开始（调查）；提起（诉讼）n. 学会，协会；学院investment n. 投资；投入；[军]封锁items n. 项目；名目；所有物品（item的复数形式）v. 逐条记载；记下（item的第三人称单数形式）journal n. 日报，杂志；日记；[经]分类账maintenance n. 维护，维修；保持；生活费用normal adj. 正常的；正规的，标准的n. 常态；正常；标准obtained v. 获得（obtain的过去分词participation n. 分享；参与；参股perceived v. 感知；认为（perceive的过去分词）；领会adj. 感知到的；感观的positive adj. 确定的，肯定的；积极的；正的，阳性的；绝对的；实际的，真实的n. 正片；正数potential n. 可能性；潜能；电势adj. 可能的；潜在的；[物]势的previous adj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在…以前；在先primary adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的n. 原色；最主要者purchase n. 购买；紧握；起重装置vt. 购买；赢得vi. 购买东西range n. 范围；山脉；排；幅度vi. 平行，列为一行；延伸；漫游；射程达到vt. 使并列；归类于；漫游；来回走动；放牧region n. 地区；范围；部位regulations n. 章则；条例；规程（regulation 的复数）relevant adj. 有关的；中肯的；有重大作用的resources n. 资源；物力（resource的复数）v. 向…提供资金（resource的第三人称单数）restricted adj. 受限制的；保密的v. 限制（restrict的过去式和过去分词）security n. 安全；抵押品；证券；保证adj. 安全的；保密的；保安的sought v. 寻找（seek 的过去式和过去分词select vt. 挑选；选拔adj. 精选的；挑选出来的；极好的vi. 挑选n. 被挑选者；精萃site n. 地点；场所；位置vt. 设置；为…选址strategies n. 策略，战略（strategy的复数形式）survey n. 调查；测量；纵览；审视vt. 调查；勘测；俯瞰vi. 测量土地text n. 文本；课文；主题；vt. 发短信traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的transfer n. 转移；转让；过户；传递vi. 转移；转让；转学；换车vt. 转让；调任；传递；使转移Sublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.alternative circumstances comments compensation components consent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration implies initial instance interaction justification layerlinklocation maximum minorities negative outcomes partnership philosophy physical proportion published reaction registered reliance removed scheme sequence sexshift specified sufficient task technical techniques technology validity volumeSublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.accessadequateannualapparentapproximatedattitudesattributedcivilcodecommitmentcommunicationconcentrationconferencecontrastcycledebatedespitedimensions domestic emergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhence hypothesis implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation joblabel mechanism obvious occupational optionoutputoverallparallel parameters phase predicted principal prior professional project promote regime resolution retained series statistics status stress subsequent sum summary undertakenSublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesacademicadjustmentalteramendmentawarecapacitychallengeclausecompoundsconflictconsultationcontactdeclinediscretiondraftenableenergyenforcemententities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licencelogic marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion objective orientationperspective precise prime psychology pursue ratio rejected revenue stability styles substitution sustainable symbolic target transition trend version welfare whereasSublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesabstractaccurateacknowledgedaggregateallocationassignedattachedauthorbondbriefcapablecitedcooperativediscriminationdisplaydiversitydomaineditionenhanced estate exceed expert explicit federalfees flexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence incorporated index inhibition initiatives input instructions intelligence interval lecture migrationminimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transport underlying utilitySublist 7 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesadaptationadultsadvocateaidchannelchemicalclassicalcomprehensivecompriseconfirmedcontraryconvertedcoupledecadesdefinitedenydifferentiationdisposaldynamiceliminateempirical equipment extractfilefinite foundation globalgrade guarantee hierarchical identical ideology inferred innovation insert intervention isolated mediamode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibitedpublicationquotationreleasereverseSublist 8 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesabandon accompanied accumulation ambiguous appendix appreciation arbitrary automatically biaschartclarity conformity commodity complement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicitinduced inevitably infrastructure inspection intensity manipulation minimised nuclearoffset paragraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehiclevia virtually widespread visualSublist 9 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesaccommodationanalogousanticipatedassuranceattainedbehalfbulkceasescoherencecoincidecommencedincompatibleconcurrentconfinedcontroversyconverselydevicedevoteddiminisheddistortion duration erosion ethical format founded inherent insights integral intermediate manual mature mediation medium military minimal mutual norms overlap passive portion preliminaryprotocol qualitative refinerelaxed restraints revolution rigidroutescenario sphere subordinate supplementary suspended team temporary triggerunified violation visionSublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.adjacentalbeitassemblycollapsecolleaguescompiledconceivedconvinceddepressionencounteredenormousforthcominginclinationintegrityintrinsicinvokedlevylikewise nonetheless notwithstanding oddongoingpanel persistent posedreluctantso-called straightforward undergo whereby。
【最新文档】有英文解释的学术类词汇表AWL-实用word文档 (2页)
【最新文档】有英文解释的学术类词汇表AWL-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==有英文解释的学术类词汇表AWL学术类词汇表的英文解释，雅思阅读的致命武器。
THE ACADEMIC WORD LISTabandon v . go away from not intending to return ; forsake ; desertabstract adj . existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n . school for special trainingaccess n . ~ means of approaching or entering ; way inaccommodate v . provide lodging or room foraccompany v . walk or travel with as a companion or helper ; escortaccumulate v . gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get in this wayaccurate adj . free from errorachieve v . gain or reach , usu by effort , skill , courage , etcacknowledge v . accept the truth of admitacquire v . gain by ones own ability , efforts or behaviouradapt v . ~ sth make sth suitable for a new use , situation , etc ; modify sthadequate adj . ~ satisfactory in quantity or quality ;sufficient。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The Academic Word List
Headword
Level
Related word forms analytically, analytical, analyzing, analysing, analysers, analyzes, analyzed, analytic, analysts, analysis, analyses, analyser, analysed, analyze, analystΒιβλιοθήκη identify1
income
1
indicate
1
individual
1
interpret
1
involve issue labour legal
1 1 1 1
legislate
1
major
1
method
1
occur
1
percent period policy principle
1 1 1 1
percentages, percentage periodically, periodicals, periodical, periodic, periods policies unprincipled, principles, principled proceedings, proceeding, procedures, procedural, proceeded, procedure, proceeds processing, processes, processed requirements, requirement, requiring, requires, required researching, researchers, researches, researcher, researched responsiveness, unresponsive, respondents, responsive, responding, respondent, responses, responded, response, responds roles sectioning, sectioned, sections sectors insignificantly, significantly, insignificant, significance, signifying, signifies, signified, signify similarities, similarity, dissimilar, similarly sourcing, sources, sourced specifications, specification, specifically, specificity, specifics restructuring, unstructured, structurally, restructures, restructured, structuring, restructure, structures, structured, structural
analyse
1
approach
1
unapproachable, approachable, approaching, approaches, approached areas reassessment, reassessing, assessments, unassessed, reassessed, assessment, assessable, assessing, reassess, assesses, assessed assumptions, assumption, assuming, assumes, assumed authoritative, authorities availability, unavailable beneficiaries, beneficiary, benefiting, beneficial, benefited, benefits conceptualisation, conceptualising, conceptualises, conceptualised, conceptualise, conceptually, conceptual, conception, concepts inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent, consistently, consistency, consisting, consistent, consisted, consists unconstitutional, constitutionally, constitutional, constituencies, constitutions, constitutive, constitution, constituting, constituents, constituency, constitutes, constituted, constituent uncontextualized, uncontextualised, contextualizing, contextualising, contextualized, contextualised, contextualize, contextualise, contextual, contexts contractors, contracting, contractor, contracted, contracts recreating, creativity, creatively, recreates, recreated, creations, recreate, creators, creative, creation, creating,
The Academic Word List (AWL)
The 570 headwords, and other forms, by level
Below are all 570 headwords from the Academic Word List. They are arranged by level (10 in total), and alphabetically within each level. This list is rather static. More dynamic tools for understanding and using the AWL words are the AWL finder and the AWL highlighter and gapfill maker. For more information on any of the words, click on the headword, which is linked to the AWL finder page.
area
1
assess
1
assume
1
authority available
1 1
benefit
1
concept
1
consist
1
constitute
1
context
1
contract
1
create
1
creator, creates, created data 1 definitions, redefining, definition, undefined, redefines, redefined, definable, redefine, defining, defines, defined derivatives, derivations, derivative, derivation, deriving, derives, derived redistribution, redistributing, distributional, redistributes, redistributed, distributions, redistribute, distributors, distributive, distribution, distributing, distributor, distributed uneconomical, economically, economists, economical, economist, economies, economics, economic environmentalists, environmentalist, environmentally, environmental, environments disestablishment, disestablishing, establishments, disestablishes, disestablished, establishment, establishing, disestablish, establishes, established underestimating, underestimates, underestimated, overestimating, underestimate, overestimates, overestimated, over-estimate, overestimate, estimations, estimation, estimating, estimates, estimated evidential, evidently, evidenced, evidence exporting, exporters, exporter, exported, exports factoring, factored, factors financially, financiers, financing, financier, financial, finances, financed reformulations, reformulation, reformulating, reformulated, formulations, reformulate, formulation,