杭师大考试试题二外英语
英语师范考试题目及答案
英语师范考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word is:A) seperateB) separateC) seprateD) separete答案：B2. Which of the following is NOT a verb?A) to runB) to jumpC) to readD) quickly答案：D3. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word:"I have never been to Paris, but I _______ going there."A) am looking forward toB) have looked forward toC) looked forward toD) will look forward to答案：A4. Choose the sentence with the correct use of the pastperfect tense:A) She had already finished her homework when her friend arrived.B) She finished her homework when her friend arrived.C) She will finish her homework when her friend arrives.D) She was finishing her homework when her friend arrived.答案：A5. The phrase "break the ice" is used to describe:A) Melt the ice.B) Start a conversation.C) Stop a conversation.D) Throw a party.答案：B6. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A) She don't like to eat vegetables.B) She doesn't like eating vegetables.C) She doesn't like to eat vegetables.D) She don't likes to eat vegetables.答案：C7. The word "altruistic" is an antonym of:A) selfishB) generousC) kindD) considerate答案：A8. In the sentence "He is a man of few words," the phrase "few words" means:A) He is not very talkative.B) He has a limited vocabulary.C) He speaks many languages.D) He is good at speaking.答案：A9. The word "peruse" means:A) To read quickly.B) To read carefully.C) To glance over.D) To write.答案：B10. The idiom "barking up the wrong tree" means:A) Making a mistake.B) Yelling at a tree.C) Looking for something in the wrong place.D) Planting a tree.答案：C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The opposite of "beginning" is _______.答案：ending2. The past tense of "do" is _______.答案：did3. "He is _______ to the idea of traveling abroad."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "open."答案：open4. "She _______ her keys in the car."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "left."答案：left5. "The _______ of the meeting has been postponed."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "date."答案：date6. "He _______ the book before he went to sleep."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "read."答案：read7. "The _______ of the company is to increase profits."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "goal."答案：goal8. "She _______ the letter and put it in the envelope."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "sealed."答案：sealed9. "The _______ of the building is impressive."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "architecture."答案：architecture10. "He _______ his speech with a joke."A suitable word to fill in the blank is "started."答案：started三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a wise old man. He was known for his wisdom and kindness. One day, a young boy approached him and asked, "What is the secret to a happy life?" The old man smiled and said, "The secret to a happy life is to be kind to others, to love what you do, and to always learn."Questions:1. What is the old man known for in the village?A) His strengthB) His wisdom and kindnessC) His wealthD) His storytelling答案：B2. Who approached the old man?A) A young girlB) A young boyC) A middle-aged manD) An。
杭州师范大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷243二外英语
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Overall, the study indicated that women do not fare as well as men in self-esteem—a difference particularly marked in adolescence.“Duringadolescence, girls’self-esteem dropped about twice as much as boys’,”Robins said, perhaps at least partially because of society’s heavy emphasis on body image for girls. Add one negative life event to all of thisturmoil, and a teenager’s delicate self-esteem can crumble.
Highs and Lows in Self-Esteem
No one in the Gould family of Westlake Village, California, was surprised by a study suggesting a person’s age and stage of life may have a bigger impact on self-esteem than we ever realized. A study of about 350 000 people likens a person’s self-esteem across the human lifespan to a roller coaster ride, starting with an inflated sense of self-approval in late childhood that plunges in adolescence. Self-esteem rises steadily through adulthood, only to drop to its lowest point ever in old age.“I’ve gone through pretty much all of those cycles,”Fred Gould said. At 60, he’s edging toward retirement. Fred’s wife Eileen, 46, is a businesswoman in the throes of mid-adulthood and, according to the study, predisposed to a healthy self-regard. At 21, the Goulds’son, Jeff, has just launched that heady climb into adulthood and a buoyant self-regard after an adolescence fraught with the usual perils of self-doubt and hormonal warfare. His sister, Aly, 17, disagrees with a lot of the study, believing instead that each individual has an intrinsic sense of self-esteem that remains relatively constant. But she does agree that adolescence can give even the most solid sense of self-esteem a sound battering.“As a teenager, I can definitely speak for all of us when I say we bag on ourselves.”Aly said.
湖州师范学院英语期末考试试题
湖州师范学院英语期末考试试题1、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)2、77．You can watch TV when you finish________ your homework. [单选题] * A．to doB．doC．to doingD．doing(正确答案)3、The Titanic is a nice film. I _______ it twice. [单选题] *A. sawB. seeC. have seen(正确答案)D. have saw4、?I am good at schoolwork. I often help my classmates _______ English. [单选题] *A. atB. toC. inD. with(正确答案)5、Last week they _______ in climbing the Yuelu Mountain. [单选题] *A. succeeded(正确答案)B. succeedC. successD. successful6、94．—Let’s go out for a picnic on Sunday.—________. [单选题] *A．Nice to meet youB．Here you areC．The same to youD．Good idea(正确答案)7、____ of my parents has been to my school, so they know _____ of my classmates. [单选题] *A. Neither, none(正确答案)B. No one, noneC. None, no oneD. Neither, no one8、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)9、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free10、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like11、Everyone knows that the sun _______ in the east. [单选题] *A. fallsB. rises(正确答案)C. staysD. lives12、You should stick to your（）and tell him you won' t do the thing. [单选题] *A. principle(正确答案)B. qualityC. contactD. influence13、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)14、I didn't hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. [单选题] *A. what did he sayB. what he had said(正确答案)C. what he was sayingD. what to say15、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for16、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect17、28．—Where is Fujian Province?—It’s ________ the southeast of China. [单选题] * A．in (正确答案)B．onC．toD．at18、_________ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. [单选题] *A.AlthoughB.WhileC.If(正确答案)D.Until19、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known20、The paper gives a detailed（）of how to create human embryos (胚胎)by cloning. [单选题] *A. intentionB. description(正确答案)C. affectionD. effort21、You can buy some pieces of bread from "_______". [单选题] *A. Bakery(正确答案)B. Travel AgencyC. LaundryD. Ticket Office22、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much23、We ______ boating last weekend.（）[单选题] *A. goB. went(正确答案)C. are goingD. will go24、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)25、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)26、( ) What _____ fine weather we have these days! [单选题] *A. aB. theC. /(正确答案)D. an27、Tom and Mary's house bought last year is（）Lucy, s. [单选题] *A. the three size ofB. three times the size of(正确答案)C. as three times large asD. three times as larger as28、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply（）I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for29、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /30、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)。
2020年杭州师范大学考研试题243二外英语
杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）(2×10=20points) Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions1-7,markY(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Paradox of HappinessIt’s plain common sense——the more happiness you feel,the less unhappiness you experience.It’s plain common sense,but it’s not true.Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really flip sides of the same emotion.They are two distinct feelings that,coexisting,rise and fall independently.“You’d think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness,the lower their level of happiness and vice versa,”says Edward Diener,a University of Illinois professor of psychology who has done much of the new work on positive and negative emotions.But when Diener and other researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness,they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can coexist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life.It suggests,for example,that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable but probably won’t make you any happier.That advice is backed up by an extraordinarily series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families.On the other hand,researchers have found, happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage.The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling——happiness is a sense of subjective well-being.They’ve also begun to find out who’s happy,who isn’t,and why.To date,the research hasn’t found a simple recipe for a happy life,but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.In a number of studies of identical and fraternal twins,researchers have examined the role genetics plays in happiness and unhappiness.The work suggests that although no one is really born to be happy,sadness mayrun in families.In one University of Southern California study,psychologist Laura Baker and colleagues compared899 individuals who had taken several commonly used tests for happiness and unhappiness.The men and women included105pairs of identical and fraternal twins as well as grandparents,parents and young adult offspring from more than200other families.“Family members,”Baker reports,“resembled each other more in their levels of unhappiness than in their levels of happiness.”Furthermore,identical twins were much closer than fraternal twins in unhappiness,a finding that implies a genetic component.In a study at the University of Minnesota,twins(some raised together and others who had grown up apart) were tested for a wide range of personality traits.In terms of happiness——defined as the capacity to enjoy life ——identical twins who were separated soon after birth were considerably less alike than twins raise together. But when it came to unhappiness,the twins raised apart——some without contact for as long as64years——were as similar as those who’d grown up together.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment?When we’re happy we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we’re feeling sad.This doesn’t mean,however,that some people are born to be sad and that’s that.Genes may predispose one to unhappiness,but disposition can be influenced by personal choice.You can increase your happiness through your own actions.In a series of experiments by psychologists John Reich and Alex Zautra at Arizona State University,they asked students to select their favorite activities from a list of everyday pleasures——things like going to a movie,talking with friends and playing cards.Then the researchers instructed some of the subjects to increase the number of favorite activities they participated in for one month(the other participants in the study served as controls and did not vary their activity level).Results:Those who did more of the things they enjoyed were happier than those who didn’t. The conclusion,then,is that the pleasure we get from life is largely ours to control.1.The feeling of unhappiness may be genetic.2.There is a strong relationship between levels of happiness and unhappiness in a person.3.Researchers have found that happiness is inherited.4.Unhappiness is less influenced by environment than it is by genetics.5.It is impossible to increase your happiness.6.We can control our own happiness.7.The level of happiness may vary with gender.8.Family members resembled each other more in their levels of unhappiness than in____________.9._______people took part in the study conducted by University of Southern California.10.Studiessuggest that in order to be happier,we need to increase the number of_______________.Part II Vocabulary(0.5×20=10points)Directions:Choose the best answer you think most suitable to explain the underlined words or phrases in each sentence.Please write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A)point B)tendency C)result D)finding12.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A)amazing B)depressing C)predictable D)dull13.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A)furnish B)copy C)publish D)summarize14.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A)limit B)regulate C)oppose D)support15.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.A)reproduced B)invented C)designed D)reported16.The department deferred the decision for six months.A)put off B)arrived at C)abide by D)protested against17.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A)eased B)appeared C)improved D)relieved18.The uniform makes the guards look absurd.A)serious B)ridiculous C)beautiful D)impressive19.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A)silent B)motionless C)seated D)true20.The country was torn apart by strife.A)poverty B)war C)conflict D)economy21.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A)act B)homework C)justice D)model22.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A)equal B)certain C)large D)opposite23.His professional career spanned16years.A)started B)changed C)moved D)lasted24.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A)sincere B)respectful C)terrible D)empty25.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A)modest B)huge C)commercial D)national26.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.A)excitement B)anger C)calm D)disappointment27.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A)hidden B)inflexible C)traditional D)official28.The majority of people around here are decent.A)real B)honest C)normal D)wealthy29.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A)time B)charm C)space D)opportunity30.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A)prove B)discover C)consider D)imaginePart III Grammar(1×20=20points)Directions:There are two passages in this section.Some indicated lines are correct while others contain a mistake.Note that a line contains no more than ONE mistake.For the correct lines,put a tick(√)on the blanks while for the wrong ones,you should correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a“^”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the lien.ExampleWhen^art museum wants a new exhibit,(1)anit buys things in finished form and hangs(2)√them on the wall.When a natural history museumwants an exhibition,it must often build it.(3)exhibitA.What fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river insummer!What joyful and relaxing it is to have a game of table tennis after a day of study at school!And how exciting it is to play and watch a close game of basketball or volleyball!All over the world millions of people take part different kinds of sports.Sports are perhaps the more popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy, no matter what they are,boys or girls,men or women,young or old.Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at times when they are not working,instead going to the cinema,listening the radio,or sleeping.But in fact, sports and games can be of great value,especially to people work with their brains.They should not be treated only as amusement.31._______________32._______________33._______________34._______________35._______________36._______________37._______________38._______________39._______________40._______________B.People in countries as far apart as Japan,the United States,Australia and France sends Valentine cards to someone they fancy in 14February,St.Valentine’s Day.Most cards are romantic but express secret love messages which don’t let on who the sender is.Senders of newspaper messages,no matter which they are in Britain,North America or Australia,must get a thrill out of their exhibitionism without letting who is the secret admirer hidden in the words of the advertise.The British newspaper ad brigades tend to see themselves or the desired ones for animals,with bears being the firm favorites.But fleas,toads,bugs and mice are well represented.In parts of the English countryside it is still believe that a girl can tell the occupation of her future husband by noting which bird she sees first on14February.But if it’s a woodpecker,she will find no 41._______________42._______________43._______________44._______________45._______________46._______________47._______________48._______________49._______________50._______________man at all.Happy bird-watching!Happy Valentine’s Day!Part IV Cloze(0.5×20=10points)Directions：There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For many years,we have been led to believe that a person’s intellectual intelligence is the greatest predictor of success.Society(51)_____that people with high IQ will naturally accomplish(52)_____in life.Schools often use IQ test results to(53)_____children for gifted programs and advanced(54)_____.Some companies even use the results(55)_____a criterion for hiring employees.In the past10years,we have been conditioned to(56)_____intelligence with these numbers.(57)_____, researchers have found that this isn’t necessarily the case.They have discovered that more than IQ,your(58) _____awareness and abilities to handle feelings will determine your success in all(59)_____of life,(60) _____family relationships.In the early1990s,Dr.John Mayer and Dr.Peter Salovey(61)_____the term“emotional intelligence”in the Journal of Personality Assessment.They used this(62)_____to describe people’s ability to understand their own emotions and emotions of others and to act(63)_____based on this understanding.Then in1995, psychologist Daniel Goleman(64)_____this term with his book Emotional Intelligence:Why It Can Matter More Than IQ.(65)_____investigated emotional intelligence by measuring related concepts,(66)_____social skills, interpersonal competence,psychological(67)_____,long before the term“emotional intelligence”came into (68)_____.Social scientists are just beginning to(69)_____the relationship of EQ to other phenomenon.(70) _____Goleman,“Emotional intelligence,the skills that help people harmonize,should become increasingly valued as a workplace asset in the years to come.”51. A.assumes B.believes C.thinks D.holds52. A.some B.more C.many D.less53. A.choose B.make C.allow D.distinguish54. A.levels B.tests C.courses D.works55. A.as B.for C.with D.by56. A.know B.judge C.say D.determine57. A.Certainly B.However C.Yet D.Moreover58. A.mental B.intellectual C.emotional D.affectional59. A.fields B.levels C.points D.walks60. A.including B.involving C.consisting D.taking61. d B.made C.called D.introduced62. A.term C.phrase D.idiom63. A.perfectly B.correctly C.properly D.precisely64. A.invented B.created C.publicized D.popularized65. A.Teachers B.Doctors C.Researchers D.Workers66. A.for example B.for instance C.such as D.about67. A.maturity B.ripeness C.familiarity D.mellowness68. A.effect B.operation e D.power69. A.uncover B.unsettle C.unlock D.undress70. A.As for B.As to C.According to D.As regardsPart V Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）(1.5×20=30points)Directions:There are3passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions71to75are based on the following passage.If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think.This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors,who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University,he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and emotion,and determine the human character.(The rear section of the brain,which controls functions like eating and breathing,does not contract with age,and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.Those least at risk,says Matsuzawa,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking.Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need.“The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,”he says,“Think hard and engage in conversation.Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”71.The team of doctors wanted to find out________.A)why certain people age sooner than others.B)how to make people live longer.C)the size of certain people’s brains.D)which people are most intelligent.72.On what are their research findings based?A)A survey of farmers in northern Japan.B)Tests performed on a thousand old people.C)The study of brain volumes of different peopleD)The latest development of computer technology.73.The doctor’s test show that________.A)our brains shrink as we grow older.B)the front section of the brain does not shrink.C)sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds.D)some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s.74.The word“subjects”in Paragraph5means________.A)something to be considered.B)branches of knowledge studied.C)persons chosen to be studied in an experiment.D)any member of a state except the supreme ruler.75.According to the passage,which people seem to age slower than the others?A)Lawyers.B)Farmers.C)Clerks.D)Shop assistants.Passage TwoQuestions76to80are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel,no brake or accelerator pedals（踏板）.Under a voice-activated command,you say an address."The fastest route will take us15.3minutes.Should I take it?" You say"yes"and you are on your way.The car responds and starts moving all by itself.All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if,one day in the future,everyone had such a car.No crazy driving，no insults，no cutting in;traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer.On the other hand,imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways.There's no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit.The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop:some94%of road accidents in the U.S.involve human error.Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom.Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.Roads would be quieter,people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods.According to the U.S Department of Labor,in May2015there were505,560registered school bus drivers.The American Trucking Association lists approximately3.5million professional truck drivers in the U.S.The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce,many of whom will be displaced by the new technology.This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries,a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will,and should,be developed.This is how society moves forward.However,progress can't be one-sided.It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.76.What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A)People would be driving in a more civilized way.B)It would save local governments a lot of money.C)More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D)Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.77.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A)They could enjoy greater mobility.B)They would suffer no road accidents.C)They would have no trouble driving.D)They could go anywhere they want.78.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A)The conflict between labor and management intensify.B)The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C)Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D)Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.79.What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A)Political dissatisfaction.B)Retraining of employees.C)Fossil fuel conservation.D)Business restructuring.80.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A)Keep pace with technological developments.B)Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C)Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D)Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.Passage ThreeQuestions81to85are based on the following passage.Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are,who they are not,and who they would like to be.They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background,personality,status, mood,and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information,we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us.Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur.An elderly middleclass man or woman may be alienated(疏远……)by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner,regardless of the person's education,background,or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean.Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits(套装),including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink.Newscasters,or the announcers who read the news on TV,are considered to be more convincing,honest,and competent when they are dressed conservatively.And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully.Moreover,many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed.Perhaps you have usedclothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation,such as a job interview,or a court appearance.In the workplace,men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success.It has been otherwise for women.A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of"masculine"an d"feminine"attributes they should convey by their professional clothing.The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men.Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less"feminine" grooming(打扮)-shorter hair,moderate use of make-up,and plain tailored clothing.As one male administrator confessed,"An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview,but she won't get a job."81.According to the passage,the way we dress__________.A)provides clues for people who are critical of usB)indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a careerC)has a direct influence on the way people regard usD)is of particular importance when we get on in age82.From the third paragraph of the passage,we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can__________.A)change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyleB)help young people make friends with the opposite sexC)make them competitive in the job marketD)help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships83.The word"precedent"(Line1,Para.4)probably refers to__________.A)early acts for men to follow as examplesB)particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importanceC)things that men should agree uponD)men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided84.According to the passage,many career women find themselves in difficult situations because__________.A)the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB)women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC)men are more favorably judged for managerial positionsD)they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing85.What is the passage mainly about?A)Dressing for effect.B)How to dress appropriately.C)Managerial positions and clothing.D)Dressing for the occasion.Part VI Translation(2×5=10points)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the phrases in brackets.Then write the corresponding sentence on the Answer Sheet.86.我们中国人往往把春节与家人团聚联系起来。
二外英语试题及答案
二外英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
A. 去图书馆B. 去电影院C. 去超市D. 去公园[录音内容]M: What are you planning to do this weekend?F: I'm thinking about going to the library to read some books.答案：A2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。
Q: What is the main topic of the passage?A. TravelingB. EducationC. TechnologyD. Environment[录音内容][短文内容略]答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，回答3-5题。
[短文内容略]3. What is the author's opinion about the importance of reading?A. It is essential for personal development.B. It is a waste of time.C. It is only useful for students.D. It is not important at all.答案：A4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of reading?A. Enhancing knowledge.B. Improving imagination.C. Reducing stress.D. Increasing income.答案：D5. What does the author suggest as a way to overcome the problem of not having enough time to read?A. Reading during breaks.B. Watching less TV.C. Listening to audiobooks.D. All of the above.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。
杭州师范大学 二外英语 2016年硕士研究生考研真题
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
For questions 1 - 7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
If the battery terminal is disconnected and then reconnected
After one minute, the alarm will automatically stop with the starter circuit cut kept on.
Reactivating the alarm
The system will give the alarm and cut the starter circuit under the following conditions:
If any of the front, sliding and back doors and hood is unlocked without using the key
Never leave anyone in the vehicle when you set the system, because unlocking from the inside will activate (使起动) the system.
(NEW)杭州师范大学外国语学院综合英语历年考研真题及详解
目 录2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解2011年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2012年杭州师范大学716综合英语考研真题及详解2013年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2014年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2015年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2016年杭州师范大学724综合英语考研真题及详解2017年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2018年杭州师范大学723综合英语考研真题及详解2019年杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题及详解2010年杭州师范大学842综合英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ. Cloze (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) _____ about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) _____ is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old person’s recollections of the past help to (3)_____ an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) _____ any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) _____ to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) _____ living. (7) _____, the memories form part of a continuing life (8) _____, in which the old person (9) _____ the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) _____ on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) _____ to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) _____ this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) _____ subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) _____. As adults many ofus find the topic frightening and are (15) _____ to think about it—and certainly not to talk about it (16) _____ the presence of someone who is dying.Death has achieved this taboo (17) _____ only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) _____ the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) _____ our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) _____ is so.1. A. better thanB. rather thanC. less thanD. other than2. A. soB. evenC. norD. hardly3. A. preserveB. conserveC. resumeD. assume4. A. performingB. playingC. undertakingD. lacking5. A. orientationB. implicationC. successionD. presentation6. A. worthyB. worthC. worthlessD. worthwhile7. A. In a wordB. In briefC. In additionD. In particular8. A. prospectB. impetusC. impressionD. review9. A. integratesB. incorporatesC. includesD. interacts10. A. reckonsB. countsC. reflectsD. conceive11. A. keepsB. drawsC. inclinesD. tends12. A. ThereforeB. AndD. Otherwise13. A. tabooB. disputeC. contemptD. neglect14. A. notoriousB. indecentC. obscureD. desperate15. A. readyB. willingC. liableD. reluctant16. A. atB. onC. with17. A. statusB. circumstanceC. environmentD. priority18. A. encounterB. confrontC. tolerateD. expose19. A. underB. aboveC. beyondD. within20. A. whichB. whatC. asD. that【答案与解析】1. B 句意：老年人谈论过去而不是未来。
杭州师范考试试卷英语教学基础知识
考生答题须知1.所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
杭州师范大学2014 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：844考试科目名称：英语教学基础知识说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、选择题（共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1. Fluency is achieved largely by ______.a. pronunciationb. grammatical itemsc. vocabularyd. chunks2. The pseudo practice is beneficial only if the pre-service teachers take _______ seriously.a. rehearsalb. reflectionc. inquiryd. comparison3. Which of the following activities DOES NOT belong to pre-reading activities?a. predictionb. making inferencesc. setting the scened. skimming4. The learning activity sculpture body language is designed for developing ________ intelligence.a. spatial visualizingb. bodily-kinestheticc. interpersonald. naturalistic5. Audiolingual approach is based on ________ view.a. structuralb. functionalc. cognitived. interactional6. _____ theory considers that language is an intricate rule-based system.a. Structuralb. Functionalc. Behavioristd. Cognitive7. Efficient classroom management can be achieved by some conditions. One of them is that _____.a.students play appropriate rolesb.students’errors are treated properlyc.students can ask questions for teacher’s helpd.students can successfully finish task in group work8. Which of the following actions reflects teacher’s role as a PROMPTER in class?a.Students are taking turns to make sentences. When one makes an error, the teacher asks him to revise.b.T: Have you ever bought clothes with problems?S: Uhm…T: For example, a shirt without…c.T: Please produce a conversation.S: Uhm…T: (Show a PPT with some language structures.)d.T: Please make a sentence with borrow.S: I borrowed a paper to write a letter.T: Well, we don’t say a paper, we say a piece of paper.9. Which of the following ways of grouping students is more risky?a.Strong students and weak students are grouping separately.b.Grouping students according to seating arrangement.c.Students select their own group members.d.Grouping students by drawing lots.10. For grammar teaching, grammar should be built on _____ relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.a. collocationalb. denotativec. connotatived. deductive二、判断题（共10小题，每题3分，共30分）1.Controlled practice includes: drilling, repetition, substitution, dialogue reading, etc.2.Higher order questions require more reasoning, analysis and evaluation.3.We should require the students to acquire native-like pronunciation.4.Children do not need to learn grammar rules when learning a foreign language.5.English-English explanations are the best way for vocabulary teaching.6.Dictogloss needs 4 stages: presentation, discussion, dictation, reconstruction.7.Both listening and reading teaching need the way of interactive model.8.The difference between mapping and brainstorming is whether students can organize their ideas.9.TBL provides a paradigm for form-focused lessons.10.Chunks can be easily stored in memory, which helps us produce language more fluently.三、简答题（本题共3小题，共25分）1. 《英语课程标准》指出：义务教育阶段的英语课程具有工具性人文性性质？如何理解其中的“人文性”？请简答之。
【高二英语试题精选】杭师大附中2018学年第一学期高二期末考试英语试卷及答案
C．frightened, frightenedD．frightening , frightening
18 Not only _____ a promise, but also he kept it
A SpanishB RussianC French
12 Hodoes the man study Chinese?
A On TVB On the radioC On the Inter
13 What can we learn from the conversation?
AThe woman speaks Spanish fluently
A blamed B blaming C to be blamed D to blame
22 It was in the university _______ they fell in love with each other, _____ brought both of them happiness
2 What does the woman imply（暗示）?
AShe’d like to watch television with the man
BThe man should watch a different program
CThe man shouldn’t waste his time watching television
ADoctor and patient
BTeacher and student
CHusband and wife
7 Why doesn’t Jimmy e down for breakfast?
2020浙江杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题解析版
2020浙江杭州师范大学二外英语考研真题Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）(2×10=20 points) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1 - 7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Paradox of HappinessIt’s plain common sense ——the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really flip sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting , rise and fall independently. “You’d think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice v ersa,” says Edward Diener, a University of Illinois professor of psychology who has done much of the new work on positive and negative emotions. But when Diener and other researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two. The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can coexist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinarily series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found, happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself. Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling——happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They’ve also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t , and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple recipe for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.In a number of studies of identical and fraternal twins, researchers have examined the role genetics plays in happiness and unhappiness. The work suggests that although no one is really born to be happy, sadness may run in families.In one University of Southern California study, psychologist Laura Baker and colleagues compared 899 individuals who had taken several commonly used tests for happiness and unhappiness. The men and women included 105 pairs of identical and fraternal twins as well as grandparents, parents and young adult offspring from more than 200 other families.“Family members,” Baker reports, “resembled each other more in their levels of unhappiness than in their levels of happiness.” Furthermore, identical twins were much closer than fraternal twins in unhappiness, a finding that implies a genetic component.In a study at the University of Minnesota, twins (some raised together and others who had grown up apart) were tested for a wide range of personality traits. In terms of happiness——defined as the capacity to enjoy life——identical twins who were separated soon after birth were considerably less alike than twins raise together. But when it came to unhappiness, the twins raised apart——some without contact for as long as 64 years——were as similar as those who’d grown up together.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we’re happy we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we’re feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.In a series of experiments by psychologists John Reich and Alex Zautra at Arizona State University, they asked students to select their favorite activities from a list of everyday pleasures——things like going to a movie, talking with friends and playing cards.Then the researchers instructed some of the subjects to increase the number of favorite activities they participated in for one month (the other participants in the study served as controls and did not vary their activity level). Results: Those who did more of the things they enjoyed were happ ier than those who didn’t. The conclusion, then, is that the pleasure we get from life is largely ours to control.1. The feeling of unhappiness may be genetic.2. There is a strong relationship between levels of happiness and unhappiness ina person.3. Researchers have found that happiness is inherited.4. Unhappiness is less influenced by environment than it is by genetics.5. It is impossible to increase your happiness.6. We can control our own happiness.7. The level of happiness may vary with gender.8. Family members resembled each other more in their levels of unhappiness than in ____________.9. _______people took part in the study conducted by University of Southern California.10. Studiessuggest that in order to be happier, we need to increase the number of _______________.Part II Vocabulary (0.5×20=10 points)Directions:Choose the best answer you think most suitable to explain the underlined words or phrases in each sentence . Please write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A) point B) tendency C) result D) finding12.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A) amazing B) depressing C) predictable D) dull13.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A) furnish B) copy C) publish D) summarize14. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A)limit B) regulate C) oppose D) support15.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.A) reproduced B) invented C) designed D) reported16.The department deferred the decision for six months.A) put off B) arrived at C) abide by D) protested against17.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A) eased B) appeared C) improved D) relieved18.The uniform makes the guards look absurd.A)serious B) ridiculous C) beautiful D) impressive19.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A) silent B) motionless C) seated D) true20.The country was torn apart by strife.A) poverty B) war C) conflict D) economy21.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A) act B) homework C) justice D) model22.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A) equal B) certain C) large D) opposite23.His professional career spanned 16 years.A) started B) changed C) moved D) lasted24.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A) sincere B) respectful C) terrible D) empty25.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A) modest B) huge C) commercial D) national26.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let down.A) excitement B) anger C) calm D) disappointment27.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A) hidden B) inflexible C) traditional D) official28.The majority of people around here are decent.A) real B) honest C) normal D) wealthy29.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A) time B) charm C) space D) opportunity30.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A) prove B) discover C)consider D) imaginePart III Grammar (1×20=20 points)Directions: There are two passages in this section. Some indicated lines are correct while others contain a mistake. Note that a line contains no more than ONE mistake.For the correct lines, put a tick (√) on the blanks while for the wrong ones, you should correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “^” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the lien. ExampleWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit buys things in finished form and hangs (2) √them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitA.What fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer! What joyful and relaxing it is to have a game of table tennis after a day of study at school! And how exciting it is to play and watch a close game of basketball or volleyball! All over the world millions of people take part different kinds of sports. Sports are perhaps the more popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy, no matter what they are, boys or girls, men or women, young or old.Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at times when they are not working, instead going to the cinema, listening the radio, or sleeping. But in fact, sports and games can be of great value, especially to people work with their brains. They should not be treated only as amusement.31. _______________32. _______________33. _______________34. _______________35. _______________36. _______________37. _______________38. _______________39. _______________40. _______________B.People in countries as far apart as Japan, the United States, Australia and France sends Valentine cards to someone they fancy in 14 February, St. Valentine’s Day. Most cards are romantic but express secret love messages which don’t let on who the sender is.Senders of newspaper messages, no matter which they are in Britain, North America or Australia, must get a thrill out of their exhibitionism without letting who is the secret admirer hidden in the words of the advertise. The British newspaper ad brigades tend to see themselves or the desired ones for animals, with bears beingthe firm favorites. But fleas, toads, bugs and mice are well represented.In parts of the English countryside it is still believe that a girl can tell the occupation of her future husband by noting which bird she sees first on 14 February. But if it’s a woodpecker, she will find no man at all. Happy bird-watching! Happy V alentine’s Day!41. _______________42. _______________43. _______________44. _______________45. _______________46. _______________47. _______________48. _______________49. _______________50. _______________Part IV Cloze (0.5×20=10 points)Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For many years, we ha ve been led to believe that a person’s intellectual intelligence is the greatest predictor of success. Society (51) _____ that people with high IQ will naturally accomplish(52) _____ in life. Schools often use IQ test results to (53) _____ children for gifted programs and advanced (54) _____. Some companies even use the results (55) _____ a criterion for hiring employees.In the past 10 years, we have been conditioned to (56) _____ intelligence with these numbers. (57) _____, researchers have found that thi s isn’t necessarily the case. They have discovered that more than IQ, your (58) _____ awareness and abilities to handle feelings will determine your success in all (59) _____ of life, (60) _____ family relationships.In the early 1990s, Dr. John Mayer and Dr. Peter Salovey (61) _____ the term “emotional intelligence” in the Journal of Personality Assessment. They used this (62) _____ to describe people’s ability to understand their own emotions and emotions of others and to act (63) _____ based on this understanding. Then in 1995, psychologist Daniel Goleman (64) _____ this term with his book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ.(65) _____ investigated emotional intelligence by measuring related concepts, (66) _____ social skills, interpersonal competence, psychological (67) _____, long before the term “emotional intelligence” came into (68) _____. Social scientists are just beginning to (69) _____ the relationship of EQ to other phenomenon. (70) _____ Goleman, “Emotional intelligence, the skills that help people harmonize, should become increasingly valued as a workplace asset in the years to come.”51. A. assumes B. believes C. thinks D. holds52. A. some B. more C. many D. less53. A. choose B. make C. allow D. distinguish54. A. levels B. tests C. courses D. works55. A. as B. for C. with D. by56. A. know B. judge C. say D. determine57. A. Certainly B. However C. Yet D. Moreover58. A. mental B. intellectual C. emotional D. affectional59. A. fields B. levels C. points D. walks60. A. including B. involving C. consisting D. taking61. A. named B. made C. called D. introduced62. A. term B. name C. phrase D. idiom63. A. perfectly B. correctly C. properly D. precisely64. A. invented B. created C. publicized D. popularized65. A. Teachers B. Doctors C. Researchers D. Workers66. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D. about67. A. maturity B. ripeness C. familiarity D. mellowness68. A. effect B. operation C. use D. power69. A. uncover B. unsettle C. unlock D. undress70. A. As for B. As to C. According to D. As regardsPart V Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）(1.5×20=30 points) Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzaw a’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think h ard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”71. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.A) why certain people age sooner than others.B) how to make people live longer.C) the size of certain people’s brains.D) which people are most intelligent.72. On what are their research findings based?A) A survey of farmers in northern Japan.B) Tests performed on a thousand old people.C) The study of brain volumes of different peopleD) The latest development of computer technology.73. The doctor’s test show that ________.A) our brains shrink as we grow older.B) the front section of the brain does not shrink.C) sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds .D) some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s.74. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5means ________.A) something to be considered.B) branches of knowledge studied.C) persons chosen to be studied in an experiment.D) any member of a state except the supreme ruler.75. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?A) Lawyers.B) Farmers.C) Clerks.D) Shop assistants.Passage TwoQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals （踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say "yes" and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car. No crazy driving，no insults，no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways. There's no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non- renewable fuels. Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S. The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.76. What would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It would save local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.77. How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.B) They would suffer no road accidents.C) They would have no trouble driving.D) They could go anywhere they want.78. What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D) Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.79. What is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A) Political dissatisfaction. B) Retraining of employees.C) Fossil fuel conservation. D) Business restructuring.80. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A) Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.Passage ThreeQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook. Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middleclass man or woman may be alienated(疏远……) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits(套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" an d "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming(打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use ofmake-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won't get a job."81. According to the passage, the way we dress __________.A) provides clues for people who are critical of usB) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a careerC) has a direct influence on the way people regard usD) is of particular importance when we get on in age82. From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can __________.A) change people's conservative attitudes toward their lifestyleB) help young people make friends with the opposite sexC) make them competitive in the job marketD) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships83. The word "precedent" (Line 1, Para.4) probably refers to __________ .A) early acts for men to follow as examplesB) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importanceC) things that men should agree uponD) men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided84. According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because __________.A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB) women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC) men are more favorably judged for managerial positionsD) they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing85. What is the passage mainly about?A) Dressing for effect.B) How to dress appropriately.C) Managerial positions and clothing.D) Dressing for the occasion.Part VI Translation (2×5=10 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases in brackets. Then write the corresponding sentence on the Answer Sheet.86. 我们中国人往往把春节与家人团聚联系起来。
杭州师范大学2022年[综合英语]考研真题
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杭州师范大学2022年[综合英语]考研真题I. ClozeFill in each of the blanks with a function word, otherwise the first letter is given as a clue.Passage One: Instinct or cleverness?We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. We continually wage war (1) ______ them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us (2) ______ being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being (3) s______. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like thepraying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring (4) ______ them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) (5) ______ our presence. Who has not stood in awe (6) ______ the sight of a spider pouncing (7) ______ a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud (8) ______ it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey (9) ______ them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated (10) ______ twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making (11) ______ impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky (12) ______ they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree (13) ______ bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted (14) ______ satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape (15) ______ being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find (16) ______ the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new (17) r______. Theywere climbing (18) ______ the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely (19) d______ by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an (20) a______ to my thoroughly unscientific methods!Passage Two: Cosmic DustWe know the universe doesn’t revolve around us. But parts of it do, like household dust. This continuously reproducing filth is comprised (1) _____ skin cells, hair, clothing fibres, dirt from outside, dust mites, bacteria and chemicals that can stick (2) _____ any of these items.As a child, one of my weekly chores was dusting the house. If you had told 12-year-old me that, at 37, I would find dusting one of the most comforting things I do at home, I would have been very concerned about exactly how awful adulthood is. But perhaps I might have worried less if I had also been told (3) _____ with adulthood would come knowledge of cosmic dust, which is all over the universe and absolutely does not revolve around us.Space dust is part of a fascinating life cycle of structure formation in the universe: the emergence of stars and planets, as well as their deaths. In the very early universe, gravity caused hydrogen and helium gas to collapse into objects that often became densely packed enough ignite nuclear hydrogen burning which leads (4) _____ star formation. The nuclear chain reactions that occur in stars produce elements heavier (5) _____ hydrogen and helium, like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Evenheavier elements, like neon and titanium, are made in the supernova explosions that can occur at the end (6) _____ a star’s life.These explosions blow stardust made of these elements – most commonly silicon and carbon – out into the universe. Some of it leads to solar system formation, producing the extrasolar planets we are increasingly capable of observing. In the case (7) _____ our local star, the sun, that solar system sprouted life on the third-innermost planet, Earth.Some of the dust helps form the next-generation stars that burn a little differently than their forebears because some of the elements they contain are heavier.One thing cosmic dust does have in common (8) _____ household dust is that it can be annoying. An ongoing issue in astronomy observations is figuring out how to learn about objects – from planets to stars – that are obscured (9) _____ cosmic dust in what we call our line of sight, the path of light travelling from that object (10) _____ our telescope. Light passing through cosmic dust interacts with its particles. The dust will sometimes absorb and scatter the light, dimming the object’s brightness, although this can also offer valuable insight (11) _____ the size of the dust particles.Like household dust, cosmic dust can lead (12) _____ misinterpretations of what we are viewing. Your black television stand can end (13) _____ looking grey if you don’t clean it. Similarly, cosmic dust can get mistaken for something else. Just five years ago, researchers on theBICEP2 experiment revealed they had detected gravitational waves, ripples in space-time, from the universe’s first second of existence. It turned (14) _____ that instead they had seen (15) d_____. The mistaken announcement occurred because they hadn’t properly subtracted dust out (16) _____ their data. In other (17) w_____, dust can really get in the way of taking a good, clean picture.At the same (18) t_____, studying cosmic dust is a critical part of understanding how objects form in the cosmos. While most of the matter in the universe is probably in the form of dark matter, most of the visible matter is in the form of interstellar dust, not in compact objects like stars and planets. Thus, insight (19) _____ large-scale structures like galaxies requires an understanding of dust dynamics. One galaxy we would really like to understand is ours, the Milky (20) W_____. But we face challenges in trying to comprehend it because (21) _____ the way dust obscures our view, so looking at other examples is (22) i________.It is good to have neighbours. The Milky (23) W_____ is part of what is known as the Local Group, a collection of galaxies whose largest members are our own and Andromeda. By looking at the patterns of dust in Andromeda, we can gain exciting insight (24) _____ our own corner of the universe. Ant Whitworth at Cardiff University in the UK recently led a team in doing just that, using (25) d_____ from the Herschel Space Observatory.Herschel, named (26) _____ British astronomers and siblings Caroline and William Herschel, was a European Space Agency telescope thatspecialised (27) _____ looking at the universe in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that straddles infrared and radio waves – exactly where space dust is most visible (28) _____ our instruments. With their data, Whitworth and his team affirmed a previously noted tension between theoretical models of interstellar dust and observations. Dust continues to give humanity trouble, whether (29) _____ home or (30) _____ the galaxy next door.II. TranslationPart A Translate the following into Chinese.I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what colour red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Part B Translate the following into English.在发展科学技术方面，我们要共同努力。
2020年杭州师范大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案
2020年杭州师范大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOur Teen Summer Spanish Program is two weeks of fun, educational excitement that helps students learn Spanish fast. Our Spanish summer program allows our students to learn from highly trained, certified teachers and be absorbed in the language and theculture of Costa Rica.Features include:* Intensive(强化的) daily Spanish classes* Extracurricular classes in dance, cooking, music, and handiwork* Outdoor activities including hiking, camping, rafting, and ziplining(高空滑索)* Homestay with a local Costa Rican family* Volunteer work in needy neighborhoodsOur Teaching Methods:We are proud to use TPRS---Total Physical Response Storytelling---in our curriculum. This innovative method uses strange and amusing stories to teach new vocabulary, increase fluency, and get students involved by giving them the opportunity to alter the details themselves. Because of the silliness, creativity, and repetition involved, TPRS allows students to learn easily and remember information effortlesslyMemorizing vocabulary and listening to lectures on grammar are slow, inefficient ways to learn a new language. The best way to truly learn and commit new material to memory is through conversation. In our Spanish classes, students can expect to speak up to 80% of each class. By speaking in the new language freely and consistently, students can see progress faster because they are using the new grammar and vocabulary that they have learned at the same time. This helps the brain remember the new words and grammar structures for future use, making it much easier to progress.1.What does the program do?A.It offers weekly Spanish classesB.It focuses more on outdoor activitiesC.It gives teachers a chance to receive trainingD.It provides activities about the Spanish culture2.What is the best way to learn a language according to the text?A.Memorizing a larger vocabularyB.Speaking more in the new language.C.Mastering more grammar structuresD.Writing stories to share with others3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To employexperienced Spanish teacherB.To hire foreign volunteers for a programC.To attract teen foreigners to a programD.To introduce language learning methodsBWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.4. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.5. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.6. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.7. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.CMost children who have suffered from ADHD still have it as teens. During teen years, especially as the hormonal changes of teenagers are going on and the demands of school and extra-curricular activities are increasing, ADHD may get worse.Because of problems with getting unfocused and poor concentration, many teens with ADHD have problems in school. Grades may fall, especially if the teen is not getting ADHD treatment. It’s not uncommon for teens with ADHD to forget their homework, lose textbooks, and become bored with their daily class work. Teens may become inattentive or extremely attentive, not waiting for their turn before blurting out answers. They may cut in on their teacher and classmates. Teens with ADHD may also befidgetyand find it hard to sit still in class.Often, teens with ADHD are so busy focusing on other things that they forget about the task at hand. This can be seen especially with homework and athletic skills and in relationships with their schoolmates. This lack of attention to what they’re doing often leads to bad grades on tests and being passed over for sports teams, after-school activities, and learning teams. Kids with ADHD can be targets for bullying, too. But, not all children with ADHD have trouble getting along with others. If your child does, you can take measures to help improve their social skills and relationships.ADHD affects all parts of a teenager’s life. As a parent you should discover your teen’s troubles as early as possible. The earlier your child’s troubles are discovered, the more successful the following steps can be.8. What does the author plan to do in paragraph 1?A. To list the types of ADHD.B. To introduce the main topic.C. To show the author’s opinion.D. To explain the causes of ADHD.9. What does the underlined word “fidgety” probably mean in paragraph 2?A. Clever.B. Noisy.C. Restless.D. Lazy.10. What is the text mainly about?A. Ways to deal with ADHD.B. Effects of ADHD on teens.C. Teens’ school performances.D. Demands of school work.11. What may the following paragraph talk about?A. How parents can help a teen with ADHD.B. The importance of healthy peer relationships.C. How many children are suffering from ADHD. D. Different opinions about treating ADHD inteens.DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conductedin Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.13. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.14. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届杭州师范大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析
2020届杭州师范大学附属中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOne day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem inability to read.In the library,I found my way into the "Children's Room." I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. Without opening the book—Amos, the Beagle with a Plan ,1 borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mother's call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book.I never told my mother about my “miraculous” experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later ,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.1. The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to ________.A. let him spend a meaningful summerB. encourage him to do more walkingC. help cure him of his reading problemD. make him learn more about weapons2. The book caught the author's eye because .A. it reminded him of his own dogB. he found its title easy to understandC. it contained pretty pictures of animalsD. he liked children's stories very much3. Which one could be the best title of the passage?A. Mum's Strict Order.B. My Passion forReading.C. Reunion with My Beagle.D. The Charm of a Book.BWhen John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood，he wasbetter off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys fromBoston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence（能力）and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, ” said George Vaillant, the psychologist（心理学家）who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings（基础）of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”4. What do we know about John？A. He received little love from his family.B. He had few childhood playmates.C. He enjoyed his career and marriage.D. He was envied by others in his childhood.5. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _______.A. a description of personal values and social valuesB. an analysis of how work was related to competenceC. an example for parents' expectations of their childrenD. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men6. Vaillant's team got their findings by _______.A. recording the boys' effort in schoolB. comparing different sets of scoresC. evaluating the men's mental healthD. measuring the men's problem solving ability7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Competent adults know more about love than work.B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.D.Independenceis the key to one's success.CIn recent years, with the development of technology, it is common to see robots into our homes in the form of toys and vacuums (吸尘器) without question. Children’s toys that rely on robotics for both entertainment and education are becoming more popular and more easily accessible. Robot vacuums, too, are so popular that the Roomba has even earned itself a name in popular television.A selection of other household wares can be purchased and owned for a reasonable cost, but they all look and perform like vacuums. Our domestic helpers are currently designed to vacuuming, mopping, sweeping and mowing.Of course the best known of these is the Roomba, but there is actually some competition amongst the autonomous vacuum manufacturers. Roomba, made by iRobot, now comes in several designs and has been through many versions of improvements. The basic model is just about $400, but there’s a more attractive version, complete with a wireless command center to control the robot from anywhere in the home. Samsung also has a vacuum, called the Smart Tango, which makes increased improvements on the Roomba by including brushes for cleaning corners. It’s possible that some of the less well-known vacuums might be even more exciting, like the Neato Robotics XV that takes on a square shape to better clean corners. Incremental (增值的) improvements are what drive the home robot industry.Now that domestic robots are becoming more popular, the near future should be exciting. If we are going to welcome robots into our lives and our homes, we should expect them to work for it, and work hard. It’s the dawn of the robot revolution, whether we like it or not, and it would be great to see that technology put to use in more innovative(创新的) ways.8. What does Roomba in the passage mean?A. A man’s name who has bought a domestic robot.B. A name of a big company who makes robots.C. A type of vacuum whose name is Roomba.D. A place where people can buy proper robots.9. The Smart Tango is different from other types in that ________.A. it has a wireless command centerB. it has brushes for cleaning cornersC. it is more famous and excitingD. it is driven without electricity10. What can we infer according to the last paragraph?A. Domestic robots will free us from housework.B. Domestic robots will become cheaper and cheaper.C. Domestic robots have brought environmental revolution.D. Domestic robots takes the lead in science and technology.11. What does the author intend to tell in the passage?A. Domestic robots are closely related to our daily life.B. It is interesting to see domestic robots at home.C. Domestic robots are too expensive for most people.D. It is convenient to buy a domestic robot.DContrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition, new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.The research, led by Dr Rocio, studied adult and seedling (幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain. Dr Rocio said, “If you're a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill, for example-and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant, your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own. What we have found, which was surprising, is an established large plant, called a ‘nurse’, protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.”Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment. For example, vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area, in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals.“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性),” Dr Rocio said. “The more biodiversean area, the greater number of species of plants, insect life, mammals and birds, and the better the chances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems. ” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments.The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments. Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth, but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places.12. What is a common understanding of plants?A. They can help each other.B. They can survive ill conditions.C. They compete with each other.D. They grow well on their own.13. What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants?A. They will produce more flowers.B. They will die owing to competition.C. They will make adult plants larger.D. They will get support from adult plants.14. What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership?A. It leads to unfavorable environments.B. It produces long-term healthy chances.C. It attracts higher and larger pollinators.D It provides a more variety of plant types.15. Who will benefit from the new research?A. People studying organic farming.B. People protecting plants on sand hills.C. People wanting to change biodiversity.D. People keeping more animals on the farm.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
杭师大考试试题综合英语(二)
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I．Fill in the blanks with proper words given below and write the correct ones on your answer sheet: 10 %A) remain B) romantic C) unhappy D) differently E) raisingF) practical G) adults H) decline I) independence J) uniquelyK) later L) increase M) transformed N) adapted O) unmarriedIt would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for 1 reasons; but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain 2 from their parents, to have provider, or to be assured of a place in society. A couple of generations ago, an old maid of 25 did not have much to look forward to, she was more or less fated to 3 with her parents or to live in some relative’s home where she would help with the chores and the children. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they used to, and an 4 woman of 28 or 30 does not feel that her life is over. Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only when and if she chooses. As a consequence, today’s women tend to marry 5 in life. They have fewer children---or none at all--- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is a 6 in the birthrate.The new role that women have developed for themselves has 7 family life. Children are raised 8 ; they spend more time with 9 who are not their parents; babysitters, day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question. Experts have expressed quite different opinions. However, no matter what they are, one thing about child 10 to be certain of is that the longer the child is with the mother, the better.II．Read the following passages. Answer the questions on each by choosing A, B, C or D, and write the correct ones on your answer sheet. 20%Passage One：ON SOCIETYLow self-esteem pops up regularly in academic reports as an explanation for all sorts of violence, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But despite thepopularity of the explanation, not much evidence backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchers examine this literature at length and conclude that a much stronger link connects high self-esteem to violence. "It is difficult to maintain belief in the low self-esteem view after seeing that the more violent groups are generally the ones with higher self-esteem," write Roy Barmeister of Case Western Reserve University and Laura Smart and Joseph Boden of the University of Virginia.The conversational view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that violence is much more often the work of people with unrealistically high self-esteem attacking others who challenge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, rapists, racists, psychopaths and members of street gangs and organized crime.The study concludes: "Certain forms of high self-esteem seem to increase one's proneness to violence. An uncritical endorsement of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be couterproductive and even dangerous......The societal pursuit of high self-esteem for everyone may literally end up doing considerable harm."As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves," perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.In an interview with the Boston Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self"-promoting establishment is starting to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concentrate on self-control," he said.In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emphasizing self-esteem as a by-product of real achievement, not as an end in itself. The self-esteem movement, still entrenched in schools of education, is deeply implicated in the dumbing down of our schools, and in the spurious equality behind the idea that it is a terrible psychic blow if one student does any better or any worse than another. Let's hope it is indeed crumbling.1. The researcher finds that there are stronger connections between _____A. low self-esteem and violence.B. low self-control and violence.C. high self-image and violence.D. high self-control and violence.2. The researchers would most probably agree with the following EXCEPT _____A. self-esteem should be promoted and encouraged.B. schools should change their concept of self-esteem.C. the traditional view is beginning to lose ground.D. prisons should change their present practice.Passage TwoBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification into something as bygone as "aristocracy" and "commons", they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we are in relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being aware that racksy means "dilapidated", or hairy "out first ball". The miner takes a certain pride in being "one up" on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a "lift" or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their "underpants" when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The "insider" is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the "outsider".Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have "position" and "status", and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we "can lump it". That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent the speech of both these extreme parties with -in' for ing. On the one hand, "We're goin' huntin', my dear sir';" on the other, "We're goin' racin', mate."In between, according to this view we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to surpass what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words:sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the "anxious" does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the "assured" on one side of them and of the "indifferent" on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic highheels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on "going places and doing things". The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called "this shabby obsession" with variant forms of English -- especially if the net result is (as so often) merely to sound affected and ridiculous. "Here", according to Bacon, "is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter...It seems to me that Pygmalion's frenzy is a good emblem... of this vanity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture."3. The attitude held by the assured towards language is _______.A. criticalB. anxiousC. self consciousD. nonchalant4. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group becauseA. they feel they are socially looked down uponB. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC. they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD. they are unable to meet standards of correctness5. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate what they believe is good English areA. worthwhileB. meaninglessC. praiseworthyD. irrationalPassage ThreeDespite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, thedifficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say "Denmark is a great country". You are supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars -- Danes love seminar: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs -- there is no Danish Academy to defend against it --old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers -- about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new -- and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers --a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere." So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners Out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light-people --that is how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaport, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people whowent off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what you have entitled to, you are as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.6. The author thinks Danes adopt a ____ attitude towards their country.A. boastfulB. modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious7. Which of the following is Not a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.8. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ____.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful9. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ____.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spare Danes social troubles besetting other peoplesC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles10. At the end of the passage the author states all the following Except that ____.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentIII. Reading and writing: 35%Read the following passage and choose the best answer from the questions.（10%）. Write a summary of the Passage within 100 words （25%）. Write your answers on your answer sheet.The bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Person have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk though plate glass windows, and commit murder in their sleep.How many of these stories have a basic in fact, and how many are pure fakery? No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrel of salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfront neighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had gone there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep. And the great French writer Voltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got our of bed, dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went back to bed.At the university of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, Pandit Ramrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that he had left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer, in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he had never seen a sleepwalker. He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years had lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepwalkers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of those dramatic, eerie, awe -- inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. It lends itself to controversy and misconceptions. What is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is much more common than is generally supposed. Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher.Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of vivid dream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, or some other emotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare's Lady MacBeth. Her nightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, "The eyes are open but their sense is shut."The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady MacBeth, he had weighty problems on his mind. Dr. Zelda Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, say, "Some people stay awake all night worrying about their problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.There are many myths about sleepwalkers. One of the most common is the idea that it's dangerous or even fatal to waken a sleepwalker abruptly. Experts say that the shock suffered by a sleepwalker suddenly awakened is no greater than that suffered in waking up to the noise of an alarm clock. Another mistaken belief is that sleepwalkers are immune to injury. Actually most sleepwalkers trip over rugs or bump their heads on doors at some time or other.What are the chances of a sleepwalker committing a murder or doing something else extraordinary in his sleep? Some cases of this have been reported, but they very rarely happen. Of course the few cases that are reported receive a great deal of publicity. Dr. Teplitz says, "Most people have such great inhibitions against murder or violence that they would awaken --if someone didn't waken them." In general, authorities on sleepwalking agree with her. They think that people will not do anything in their sleep that is against their own moral code. As for the publicized cases, Dr. Teplitz points out, "Sleepwalking itself is dramatic...sleepwalkers can always find an audience. I think that some of their tall tales get exaggerated in the telling." In her own file of case histories, there is not one sleepwalker who ever got beyond his own front door.Parents often explain their children's --or their own --nocturnal oddities as sleepwalking. Sleepwalking is used as an excuse for all kinds of irrational behavior. There is a case on record of a woman who dreamed that her house was on fire and flung her baby out of the window. Dr. Teplitz believes that this instance of irrational behavior was not due to somnambulism. She believes the woman was seriously deranged or insane, not a sleepwalker.For their own protection, chronic sleepwalkers have been known to tie themselves inbed, lock their doors, hide the keys, bolt the windows, and rip up all sorts of gadgets or wake themselves if they should get out of bed. Curiously enough, they have an uncanny way of avoiding their own traps when they sleepwalk, so none of their tricks seem to work very well. Some sleepwalkers talk in their sleep loudly enough to wake someone else in the family who can then shake them back to their senses.Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit. In many adults, too, the condition is more or less temporary. If it happens often, however, the sleepwalker should seek help. Although sleepwalking itself is nothing to become alarmed about, the problems that cause the sleepwalking may be very serious.A. the multiple choices :choose the best answer 10%1. What does the phrase "taken with a barrel of salt" mean at end of the second paragraph?A. inconceivableB. unbelievableC. suspectedD. implausible2. Who was supposed to be the world's champion sleepwalker?A. The man walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road.B. The boy walked five hours in his sleep.C. The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleep.D. The man danced a minute in his sleep.3. What is true of sleepwalking according to the passage?A. It is caused by emotional conflict or guilty conscience.B. It is the acting out of a vivid dream.C. Somnambulists are asleep during their sleepwalking.D. It is dangerous to waken a sleepwalker.4. Dr. Zelda Teplitz ____A. studied sleepwalking for at least ten years.B. concluded that sleepwalkers are partially asleep in their sensory area.C. maintained that it is a mistaken belief that sleepwalkers are immune to injury.D. both A and B.5. The writer makes it obvious that ____.A. sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB. the underlying cause of sleepwalking is more serious than sleepwalking itselfC. most sleepwalkers are deranged or insaneD. All of the above.B. Summary writing: 25%IV. Translation：45%. Write your answers on your answer sheet.A.Put the following sentences into English: 20%1.They had been sent to Germany at the age of fifteen, for music among other things. And they had had a good time there.2.They lived freely among the students, they argued with the men over philosophical, sociological and artistic matters, they were just as good as the men themselves: only better, since they were women.3.And they tramped off to the forests with sturdy youths bearing guitars, twang-twang!4.They sang the Wandervogel songs, and they were free.5.It was the talk that mattered supremely: the impassioned interchange of talk.B.Put the following parts into Chinese:25%来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
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考生答题须知1.所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（20%）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet.For questions I - 7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Learn to Behave When Lost in the WoodsLions and tigers and bears, oh, my!It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail disappears, directions get confused, and a sudden turn in the weather forces you away from familiar landmarks. All of a sudden, the thin chain between you and civilization has broken. You're not just Getting Away From It All... you’re lost.But take heart: Losing your way doesn’t have to mean losing your head. Follow the tips in this tutorial to minimize the danger to yourself, and to keep yourself from getting even more lost. You’ll notice that the title of this passage is not “Learn to Get Un-Lost”but “Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods”. The goal here is not to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert (or a survival expert), but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound.“Be Prepared”is the Boy Scout motto, and if you don't believe in making some kind of preparations, you have no business being out in the woods in the first place. Being lost doesn’t kill people; it's the doings without (food, clothing, shelter, medical attention) that does them in.Whether packing for an afternoon picnic or a weeklong hiking, observe the Rule of Change: Prepare not only for the weather conditions that exist when you start out, but for the weather that weather can turn into. You don't need to take an umbrellawhen you’re hiking Death Valley (unless you want some shade), but you should cram a rainhat in your pack in Yosemite, even the forecast calls for sunshine. You don’t need a parka for that day trip, but your clothing should add up to several layers: Put them on or peel them off as the temperature dictates.You should always, always bring matches or a lighter. Put them in your backpack right now—go on, we’ll wait and don't take them out when you clean out your pack (do, however, check to make sure they’re still serviceable). Always bring more water than you expect to drink--and don’t drink it just because you have it. If your mouth is thirsty, you can moisten it with a single mouthful; you don’t need to chug down the bottle.The best way to avoid getting lost is (obviously) to keep to a trail, so resist the temptation to walk off into the virgin wild unless you know exactly what you’re doing. Besides being environmentally unfriendly and often illegal, straying from the trail is flirting with danger. Just as you can drown in an inch of water, you can get hopelessly lost in five minutes of pathless wandering. There’s just one more inflexible rule: Don’t leave for the outdoors unless there’s someone who’ll notice you haven’t returned. You don’t have to post a formal itinerary at the ranger’s office, but at least mention to a friend or family member where you’re going and when you expect to be back. For the price of a phone call, you can keep getting lost from becoming a permanent disappearance.Step One—Don’t PanicFirst of all, get a grip on yourself. Take ten slow, deep breaths (actually count them) if you do feel panicky. It's normal to feel scared, but keep in mind that all you’ve lost is a bit of information. An unknown patch of forest isn’t inherently more dangerous than a known patch. It's just unknown to you.Begin by acknowledging that you’re lost--or if you’re with one or more other people, by gently creating the consensus that you’re lost. Some folks tend to deny the situation, right up to the point where they march off a cliff. Don’t let macho (or macha) attitude endanger everyone.There are two common reactions you’ll want to avoid. One is panic, which usually triggers the flight response in humans. Running wildly around, even for a few minutes, could get you irretrievably lost (if not injured). The other reaction is overcompensation: Deciding that it’s time to play Robinson Crusoe of the Redwoods and trying to build a cabin, search for food, and lay in a cord of wood before nightfall. You may end up spending a night or so in the wild, but conserve your energy. Tired people don’t think as well as rested ones, and they require more food and water to keep going.Step Two--- Judge the SituationNow that you’re calm, collected and-not in denial, sit down and think things through. How long have you been lost? Mentally trace your thoughts back to the last point where you definitely knew your location. How long ago was that? In what general direction have you been traveling since then?If you have a compass, use it now to give your directional sense some bearings: We came from that away and that’s Northwest, but we started walking South--so thetrail must have slowly looped.., and so forth. Even if you don’t have a compass, try to approximate this kind of location-sense while your memories are fresh. If you don't have a compass, see Step 3.Now you have some decisions to make:If you haven’t been lost long and seem to be in relatively safe terrain (not surrounded by rockslides or thorn bushes, for instance), you may decide to retrace your steps. If so, skip to Step 3.If the circumstances suggest that further wandering may be dangerous (night is falling, cliff edges abound), then you may want to stay out and wait for rescue. If so, skip to Step 5.Step Three - Retrace your Steps (if appropriate)If you’ve decided to try and undo your error, then hike in the direction from which you came, keeping careful track not only of orientation but of time. If you’ve been lost for ten minutes but a ten-minute walk doesn’t return you to your trail, you’re just getting more lost. In such a case, pause and return to your original location, then try again.When retracing: Try tracking yourself. You weren’t on a trail, so you probably left tracks you can follow in reverse. One handy trick is to frequently look over your shoulder as you’re retracing--the idea is to recreate the view you had when you were walking there in the first place. Looking back might refresh your memory of a particular landmark, or help you recognize familiar terrain.If you don’t have a compass: To be certain you won’t stray from your intended direction, line up three landmarks in the direction you want to go, all following a straight line from your line of sight. Then walk in a beeline (i. e., as straight as possible), keeping the landmarks in sight.Leave a sign: As you go, it’s a good idea to leave markers, or a sign, to help potential rescuers locate you. Ways to leave a sign include dragging a heavy stick, propping up sticks or rocks in unnatural ways or making a flag from a stick and some trash or a cloth.Step Four--Try to Pick up a Trail (if appropriate)Can’t find your trail? If you’ve opted to stay mobile, you might want to pick up any old trail...any path that probably leads to somewhere, if only to a better path. In that case:Keep in mind that trails are usually in logical places, i.e. where the land will be more traversable. Search next to creeks or rivers, on or below ridges, and across meadows. Holding an eye to your present location, wander around in the immediate area, say 50 yards/meters in all directions. Like looking over your shoulder (see Step 3), the change in perspective may jog your memory. If you’re not alone you can range even further.Designate one person as the stay-put “anchor”, and have the others wander around within earshot. Have the anchor shout out periodically--yelling out the time every minute on the minute is a good idea.1. This tutorial’s goal is to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert or a survivalexpert.2. It is essential that you always bring matches, a lighter and a knife in your backpack and don’t take them out when you clean out your pack.3. According to the passage, if it’s daytime, it is unnecessary to build a fire.4. Give your friends or family members a phone call and tell them your return time, or you will lose the chance of being found in case you get lost in the woods.5. If you get lost, you should keep calm because all that you’ve lost maybe just a bit of information.6. One of the common reactions when you get lost is fear, which may cause you running around wildly.7. When you calm down a little bit, try to think twice and discuss how to find another way.8. If you’re lost for ten minutes but a ten-minute walk doesn’t return you to your trail, you'd better stop and .9. The passage in Step Three suggests that it’s a good idea to leave markers, or a sign to .10. Step Four mentions that trails are usually in logical places, try to seek trails near .Part II Vocabulary and Structure （30%）Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each sentence with the items given. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.11. Polar bears prefer to hunt seals on land or ice but may _____ them from under water.A. nearB. stalkC. swimD. approach12. After settling in the destination, Henry took me to a _____ restaurant for our anniversary.A. fancyB. expensiveC. elaborateD. fussy13. The working conditions in my new job are excellent, but _____, I am not impressed.A. for instanceB. for exampleC. for the restD. above the rest14. On the record I have just played, the first song _____ from all the others.A. stands forB. stands outC. stands up toD. stands up for15. I was shocked by his choice, but _____ it seems to me that he didn’t really have much alternative.A. on reflectionB. under considerationC. under reflectD. on no consideration16. He dare not ride any longer because he keeps falling off his bike. So his friends _____ him and called him a coward.A. behaveB. actC. directD. mocked17. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.A. regardB. countingC. accountD. observation18. The singer’s style _____ jazz and country music, creating a completely new tune.A. dealsB. correspondsC. agreesD. mingles19. At first the new boy was at the bottom of the class, but he soon _____ with the others.A. pull downB. pull inC. pull outD. pull up20. At the party we found that shy girl _____ her mother all the time.A. clinging toB. clinging onC. clinging withD. clinging in21. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he_____ himself .A. had injuredB. injuredC. injureD. would injure22. There is a lot of work to do. The garden requires _____ and the grass wants _____.A. being taken care of, being cutB. to take care of, to cutC. taking care of, cuttingD. to take care of, being cut23. They proposed _____ anything until the police got there.A. not to doB. not doingC. to doD. doing24. There is a possibility that, _____ a sudden loud noise, these animals could be frightened.A. being thereB. there wasC. there having beenD. should there be25. If law and order _____, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were not preservedD. have not been preserved26. She can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework, _____ hard she tries.A. forB. whateverC. howeverD. because27. Jane was very busy last week. Otherwise she _____ to see you.A. cameB. would comeC. had comeD. would have come28. Our modern civilitzation must not be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.A. being createdB. to have been createdC. having been createdD. to be created29. _____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A. For nowB. Since thatC. Now thatD. By now30. Do you remember _____ to Professor Smith during your last visit?A. being introducedB. to be introducedC. having introducedD. to have been introducedPart III Reading Comprehension （Read in Depth）（30%）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __31__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years agothe working class very often looked unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __32__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __33__ would no longer be so true. The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __34__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer have money. Clothes can provide other __35__ as well. The upper classes __36__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colors, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colors, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are missing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __37__. Clothes are __38__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __39__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __40__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tall E) totally F) takenG) descriptions H) degree I) clues J) alone K) appearL) consider M) full N) hobby O)fetchedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”-- raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification. In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of nationalsecurity, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons”, Anderson said.If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Aha Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry's ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation. Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry’s.41. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation .A) composed of people having different values B) encouraging individual pursuitsC) sharing common interests D) founded on shared ideals42. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about "Operation Safe Travel"?A) Guilty B) Offended C) Disappointed D) Discouraged43. Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel”because .A) evidence was found that they were potential terroristsB) most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacksC) terrorists might take advantage of their illegal statusD) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport44. By saying “... we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are”(Line 2, Para. 3 ), Mayor Anderson means" ".A) we will turn a blind eye to your illegal statusB) we will examine the laws in a different wayC) there are other ways of enforcing the lawD) the existing laws must not be ignored45. What do we learn about Ana Castro from last paragraph?A) She will deported sooner or later B) she is allowed to stay permanently C) Her case has been dropped D) Her fate remains uncertainPassage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems—both legal and educational—for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million.Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway”youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.46. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 citiesC) there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education47. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000 C) 440,000 D) 110,00048. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB) the homeless population is growing rapidlyC) the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD) some homeless children are deserted by their families49. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedB) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC) the address of grade-school children should be locatedD) all homeless people are entitled to free education50. The passage mainly deals with ____.A) the legal problems of the homeless childrenB) the educational problems of homeless childrenC) the social status of older malesD) estimates on the homeless populationPart IV Cloze （10%）Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blanks there are four choices marked A）B）C）and D）. You should choose the ONE that best fits intothe passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.It is an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that __51__evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, __52__are throwing the books at kids. __53__elementary school students are complaining of homework __54__. What’s a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as__55__may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it, __56__ helping too much, or even examining __57__too carefully, you may keep them__58__doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every__59__assignment,”says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “There’s a __60__of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children__61__the grade they deserve.”Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their__62__. But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be__63__,”she says.That’s not to say parents should__64__homework --first, they should monitor how much homework their kids__65__. “Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in__66__four, five, and six is standard”, says Rosemond. For junior-high school students it should be “__67__more than an hour and a half,”and two for high-school students. If your child__68__has more homework than this, you may want to check__69__other parents and then talk to the teacher about__70__assignment.51. A) very B) exact C) right D) usual52. A) officials B) parents C) experts D) schools53. A) Also B) Even C) Then D) Howvever54. A) fatigue B) confusion C) duty D) puzzle55. A) there B) we C) they D) it56. A) via B) under C) by D) for57. A) questions B) answers C) standards D) rules58. A) off B) without C) beyond D) from59. A) single B) piece C) page D) other60. A) drop B) short C) cut D) lack61.A) acquire B) earn C) gather D) reach62. A) exercises B) defects C) mistakes D) tests63.A) perfect B) better C) unusual D) complete64. A) forget B) refuse C) miss D) ignore65. A) have B) prepare C) make D) perform66. A) classes B) groups C) grades D) terms67. A) about B) no C) much D) few68. A) previously B) rarely C) merely D) consistently69. A) with B) in C) out D) up70. A) finishing B) lowering C) reducing D) declining Part V Translation （10%）Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.71. Many immigrants in America (渴望有机会回到自己的祖国) for a visit.72. I always (认为......理所当然)that I was far more intelligent than he was.73. Natural disasters (是造成这个国家经济危机的原因).74. John (会毫不犹豫地)to offer help when others are in trouble.75. Not until the 18th century (人类才意识到) that the brain controlled our thinking.。