河北省石家庄市辛集市辛集中学任务型阅读单元测试题+答案 百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?
Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. ________ Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.
Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.
________ Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.
Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ________ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.
Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ________ To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.
A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.
B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.
C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.
D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen.
E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders.
F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities.
【答案】 D；B；C；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

美国儿科学会建议儿童和青少年每天看屏幕的时间不超过两个小时。

一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的，Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Many children spend a lot of time
watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.”可知许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

再根据空后“parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.”提到了父母对孩子长时间看电子产品的看法，可知本空是提出父母对孩子花在看屏幕上的时间感到好奇是很自然的。

故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too m any hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.”Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

因此可推测上文是提出"一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的"，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.”提到一项英国研究发现，在每天看电视时间超过6小时的儿童中，攻击性和抑郁会有一个小的负面影响——大约增加1%。

因此他想看看在美国的年轻人中是否也有类似的影响。

故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ”调查发现，在每天使用屏幕长达6小时的人群中，犯罪行为增加了0.5%；抑郁症的症状增加了1.7%;以及1.2%对学习成绩的负面影响。

即下文继续列举长时间看屏幕对其他犯罪行为的影响，故E选项：研究人员发现，危险的性行为、驾驶行为、使用非法药物或饮食失调的情况没有增加。

符合题意，故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词。

Why the youth sense anger in faces
We tend to believe that older people are more positive and younger people are more sensitive to social cues (暗示).
Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger.
The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data. It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people. They were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful.
The research found that younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial cues than older people.
"From studies and anecdotal evidence, we know that the everyday experiences of an adolescent are different from an older person, but we wanted to understand how these experiences might be linked with differences in basic emotion understanding,wrote Laura Germine, the study's senior author.
But what is it that makes young people more sensitive?
"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues, such as bullying," Lauren Rutter, the study's lead author, told Science Daily. "The normal development of anger sensitivity can contribute to some of the challenges that arise during this phase of development. On the contrary across the whole 10,000-person survey, researchers found no decline in the perception (感知)of happiness among older participants.
"What's remarkable is that we see declines in many visual perceptual abilities as we get older, but here we did not see such declines in the perception of happiness, Germine told Neuro Science News.
She added that these findings fit well with other researches, showing that older adults tend to have more positive emotions and a positive outlook.
Following the paper's release, Rutter told Neuro Science News that gathering their primary research online allowed the team to research into a "much larger and more diverse sample set" than previous studies. Title: Why the youth sense anger in faces
Purpose of the research The idea ________ whether age affects people's ability to identify
facial emotions.
Process of the research The researchers ________ happiness data on a web-based platform.
Two ________ head shots were shown to the participants.
Participants were asked to identify the more ________ subject.
________of
the research Younger people are ________ at identifying negative social cues.
Adolescence is the exact age when anger sensitivity reaches its ________.
Perception of happiness isn't on the ________ with age.
Self-assessment of the research What the research proves ________ with other researches. In comparison with previous studies, the sample set of the research is superior in its size and ________.
Findings/Results/Conclusion ；better ；peak/summit/highest ；decline ；agrees/corresponds ；diversity
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，科学家们在网络上展开调查，收集1000个人识别面部表情的信息，结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表情，但是识别幸福的表情时相差不大。

这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。

老人更容易有积极情绪和乐观看法。

（1）考查信息转述能力。

根据第二段中的"Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger."可知，最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这个想法。

他们想看看是否年龄会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。

"investigate"是一个及物动词，可以直接作宾语。

空格后的whether age affects people's
ability to identify facial emotions与this idea是等位关系，所以填investigated。

（2）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data."可知，美国McLean医院的科学家们用一个网络平台来收集关于幸福的数据。

"collect（收集）"还可以表达为gather。

且第二个空格在句中作谓语，本段话使用的是一般过去时，故填collected/gathered。

（3）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people."可知，平台会展示给参与者两个随机人员的头部特写。

也就是说随机的两个头部特征被展示给参与者。

故填random。

（4）考查信息转述能力。

根据第三段中的"They were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful."可知，参与者被要求识别哪一个人更生气、更开心或者更害怕。

也就是说参与者要识别哪个表情更情绪化。

故填emotional/sentimental。

（5）考查信息转述能力。

根据第四段中的"The research found that…"可知，下边讲述的将是调查结果或发现。

空格后是介词，前边没有限定词，"结果/发现"是可数的，所以空格处填可数名词的复数形式。

故填Findings/Results/Conclusion。

（6）考查信息转述能力根据第四段中的"younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial cues than older people."可知，年轻人能比老人更好的辨别生气和害怕的面部表情。

故填better。

（7）考查信息转述能力。

格局第七段中的"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues"可知，青少年这个年纪是年轻人对消极的社会暗示最敏感的年纪，也就是青春期时这些消极情绪的敏感度会达到高峰。

与"most sensitive"呼应。

故填peak/summit/highest。

（8）考查信息转述能力。

根据第八段中的"researchers found no decline in the perception (感知)of happiness among older participants."可知，在老人参与者中研究人员没有发现对幸福感知能力的下降，也就是说幸福感知能力没有随着年龄下降。

故填decline。

（9）考查信息转述能力。

根据第十段中的"She added that these findings fit well with other researches"可知，这些发现与其它研究人员的发现一致。

主语What the research proves为第三人称单数形式，故可填agrees/corresponds。

（10）考查信息转述能力。

根据第十一段中的“gathering their primary research online allowed the team to research into a ‘much larger and more diverse sample set’ than previous studies.”可知，与以前的研究相比，主要通过网络收集信息能让这个团队对"更大更多样性的样本组"进行试验。

也就是说这次样本的大小和多样性都比之前的研究有优势。

故填diversity。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息转述能力的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

I have some gray hairs. Do l dare to count them? Just the fact that I have enough to count scares me, and turns getting old into a reality. I'm certainly getting older. We all are. But why does it have to happen so quickly?
We just celebrated my birthday. I say "celebrated" because we had cake and ice cream. For my kids, any excuse for ice cream and cake is a celebration. I'm not sure if to me it was a thing to celebrate, though. I like the special attention that birthday bring, but I don't wait for them 364 days of the year like my children do. For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do. For an adult, another number means fewer things. that you can do, like "I can't run as fast as I used to…etc. "
I went with my children to the old-age home near my apartment building. We walked inside the door. The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought. Not so long ago, I was a bouncing preschool like my children. Not so long ago, there women were the mothers of small children. Fifty years ago, they were me, and in fifty years, I could be them. The visit, like my birthday, served as a reality check. "Life is so short and it goes by so quickly. Enjoy the moment that you are in, because you will never get it back, "I told myself.
This is also what I want to leave behind to my children. I decide to try to start just by not complaining. In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.
（1）What does the author like about birthdays?（no more than 10 words）
（2）Besides having an excuse for ice cream and cake, why do the author's children like birthday?（no more than 12 words.）
（3）What does the underlined word "bouncing" in Paragraph 3 mean?（I word）
（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph?（no more than 10 words）
（5）What does birthday mean to you? Please explain why. （no more than 2 words. ）
【答案】（1）She likes the special attention that birthdays bring
（2）Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.
（3）Energetic.
（4）Try to find good things however difficult the situation is
（5）Open.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，生日意味着什么？不同的人对此有不同的诠释。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“though. I like the special attention that birthday bring”可知, 她喜欢生日带来的特别关注。

故答案为She likes the special attention that birthdays bring.
（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do.”可知, 除了借口冰淇淋和蛋糕, 作者的孩子喜欢生日是因为他们可以得到更多的特权, 做更多的事情。

故答案为Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.
（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought.”我那些精力充沛的学龄前儿童和坐在门口轮椅上的老妇人之间的对比让我陷入了沉思。

和“Not so long ago”不久前, 可知划线词的意思是"充满精力的"。

故答案为Energetic.
（4）考查段落大意。

根据最后一段中的“In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good
things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.”在任何困难的情况下,我将试着找到好东西,无论多么小的好事。

故答案为Try to find good things however difficult the situation is.
（5）开放题。

此题是"生日对你意味着什么", 这应该是因人而变。

故答案为Open.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括，归纳，从而做出正确答案。

4．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face
The human face is a remarkable piece of work.________ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.
________ In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen
Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. ________ Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
________ Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.
A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.
B. Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.
C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.
E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.
F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the
formation of complex societies.
【答案】 F；D；A；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

介绍了人脸识别技术不仅仅是一项新技术，它也将改变世界。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile”可知，人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。

所以小题1同后面的句子同样在说明人脸的作用和重要性。

故F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. “面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键”符合语境。

故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen”可知，在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。

今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。

在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。

苹果的新款iPhone预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。

所以以上这些实例都在表明，科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。

也就是小题2要总说的内容。

故D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. “科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力”符合语境。

故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.”可知，飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力。

接下来作者要转折话题，来说明人脸识别并没有像飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而只是对面孔进行编码。

故 A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them. “而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码”符合句意。

故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.”可知，掩盖真实的感情有助于修复日常生活的车轮。

如果你的伴侣能发现每个禁止打哈欠的地方，那么你的老板的烦恼、婚姻和工作关系的每一点都会更加真实，但却不那么和谐。

社会互动的基础也可能发生变化，从建立在信任基础上的一套承诺转变为计算计算机附着在某人脸上的信息所产生的风险和报酬。

关系可能变得更合理，但也可能是交易关系。

以上都在说明计算机
数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理。

也就是小题4要总结的内容。

故 E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions. “计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理”符合语境。

故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.
________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.
________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give out personal information.________
In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely.
A. Trust their children more.
B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.
C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online.
D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else.
E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too.
F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face.
G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them.
【答案】 F；G；C；D；B
【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，父母的担心和解决办法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，使他们更容易焦虑，更容易出现健康问题。

F项：孩子们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性，与上文并列，也是对青少年的另一方面的危害，故
答案选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业，G项：家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起，符合本段内容，都是说明家长对这种现象的看法，故答案选G。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心，本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，C项：知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要，承上启下，指出了问题的严重性和解决办法，故答案选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

与本段One way呼应，办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。

D项表达了此意，故答案选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施，B项：把电脑放在家里的公共区域，是措施之一，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时，存在以下两种情况：
1. 属于段落间的过渡句。

这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。

着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。

通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

6．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.
But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.
In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.
Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high througho ut the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.
But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.
The changes facing fast-food companies
⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____
____ ⑼________ ⑽________
【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。

（1）考查名词。

根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。

根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。

第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethin king their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。

倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。

根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。

根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。

（10）考查形容词。

根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝。