超详细高考英语基础常识(精华版)
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英语基础常识1 ,名词:.可数
(1) 把握名词复数形式的构成
①直接在词尾.+ s(boys,pencils)
②以ch, sh, s,x 结尾的.+es(watches, buses)
③以“辅音字母.+ y ”结尾的,. 变y 为i +es(families, cities)
④以f, fe 结尾的,. 变f, fe 为v + es(knives, leaves)
⑤不规章变化(children,women, fish, tomatoes)
留意①单复数同形的名词: sheep, Chinese, Japanese.
②只有复数形式的词: people,trousers, clothes, thanks.
(2) 把握名词的全部格的两种表示法
①有生命的人或动物的全部格常在单词后边加's
②无生命的事物的全部格用of ;
my mother's bag the dog's house the door of ourclassroom
留意,. 加's 构成全部格时,. 假如名词本身是以s 结尾的就只加',. 不加s ;
(3) 不行数名词
①不行数名词没有复数形式,. 且前边不能用不定冠词,. 也不能用数词作定语;
②作主语时,. 谓语动词用单数形式;
③使用量词短语表示数量;
a piece of news a cup of tea
2 ,冠词
(1) 把握不定冠词 a 和an 的用法
用在第一次提到的可数名词单数前或泛指一类人或物及固定词组中;
(2) 把握定冠词the 的用法
①用来特指某人或某物;
②用在世界上独一无二的事物的名称前;
③用在序数词和形容词最高级前;
④用在姓氏的复数形式前,. 表示夫妇或一家人;
⑤某些词组中的固定搭配;
3 ,代词
(1) 分清人称代词的主格和宾格的用法
①主格在句子中作主语;
②宾格在句子中作宾语;
(2) 分清形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法
①形容词性物主代词后边必需跟着它所修饰的名词;
②名词性物主代词后边不能再跟名词;
(3) 反身代词的构成和用法
反身代词在句中主要起强调作用,. 词组有teach oneself, learn by oneself
(4) 把握以下不定代词的基本用法
①some ——一些;常用于确定句,. 可修饰可数名词和不行数名词;
any ——一些,. 任何;常用于任何否定句,. 疑问句条件句中,. 可修饰可数名词和不行数名词;
留意与some 或any 组合生成的词(something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody,anyone),.
其用法与some 和any 基本相同;
②each ——可单独使用,. 强调个体,. 用于两者或两者以上的每个人或物,. 可作名词和形容词使用;every ——不行单独使用,. 强调整体,. 用于三者或以上的情形,. 只能作形容词用;
③both, all, neither, none, either, any, the other 的区分;
含义对象都都不任何( 一个). 每(一个). 另(一个)
two both neither either each the other
three all none any every another
(5) 初步把握it 用来表示自然现象,时间,距离及作形式主语或形式宾语的用法;
It's 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
It's about 5 kilometres away.
It's raining now.
It's important to learn English well.
You'll find it easy to make a kite.
4 ,数词
(1) 把握基数词和序数词的构成及基本用法;留意以下几个序数词的写法:
first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth, twentieth, thirty-first one hundredth
(2) 把握千以内数字的写法:
8, 231 eight thousand two hundred and thirty-one
(3) 把握年,月,日的表达法及日常交际用语中数字的表达法:
(on) August seventh, 1979; page 58; Unit25; ClassThree Grade One; the No.168 Middle School
(4) 把握以下词组的用法:
hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, threehundred students
5 ,形容词和副词
(1) 形容词和副词的原级,比较级和最高级的构成及使用;
①原级:. 没有比较用原级,. 特定句型用原级(as ⋯as, not as ⋯as, not so ⋯as) ;
②比较级:. 两者比较用比较级,. 句中有"A or B" 句型或than ;
③最高级:. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级,. 句中有"A, B or C" 句型或由in 或of 引出比较范畴;
④其它表达法:. 比较级.+ and +. 比较级表“越来越⋯⋯”, The +. 比较级, the +. 比较级表“越⋯⋯越⋯⋯”
eg:. ① Mike is tall.
This room is as big as that one.
This lesson isn't as interesting as lesson Three.
Tom doesn't run so fast as Jack.
②Which is better, this one or that one.
My sister writes more carefully than my brother.
③Who is the tallest, Jack, John or Tom.
He is the most careful in our class.
Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
④Spring is coming. It's getting warmer and warmer.
The barder he studied, the more knowledge he got.
⑤形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成
a ,直接.+ er / +est
b ,以 e 结尾的.+ er / + est
c ,以辅音字母.+ y 结尾的变y 为i + er / + est
d ,重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的,. 双写.+ er / + est
e ,不规章变化
f ,多音节和少数双音节的词,. 在词前加more 或most
(2) 易混的副词辨析:
①already,. 多用于确定句, yet 多用于否定句或疑问句中
②too, also, either 都表示“也”
too 和also 都用于确定句中, too 常放在句尾, also 常放在句中, either 用于否定句的句尾;
6 ,介词
(1) 表示时间的介词in, on, at
in ——用于较长一段时间,. 星期,. 月份,. 季节,. 年,. 朝代世纪或非特指的早,午,晚等;on ——详细某一天或详细某一个早,午,晚;
at ——在某一点时间或某个瞬时;
eg: in 1988, in the 21st century, in winter, inMarch, in the moring, on Saturday evening, on the May seventh, on a windynight, on the afternoon, of October 31st, at eight o'clock, at night, at noon,at
the end of, at this moment, at this time, at the age of
(2)in 与after 表示“以后”时的区分
in ——表示以现在为起点的“以后”,. 常用于将来时态中;
after ——常用于一般过去时态中,. 表示在过去某个时间之后;
eg: We'll come back in two weeks. 我们将在两周后回来;
They came back after two weeks. 两周以后,. 他们回来了;
(3)ago 与before 表示“在⋯⋯以前”时的区分
ago ——表示从现在算起的“以前”,. 经常是“一段时间.+ ago ”
before ——表示以过去为起点的“以前”时,. 经常是“一段时间.+ before ”,. 假如是:”“before +. 一点时间”,就只表示在某一点以前;
eg: He went to the library 2 hours ago.
He said he had gone to the library 2 hoursbefore.
They will start before eight o'clock tomorrowmorning.
I went to bed before nine yesterday evening.
(4)for 与during
for +. 一段时间常表示“连续了一段时间”,. 而during 就表示在⋯⋯期间
eg: He has been in Beijing for 3 years.
I was in Beijing during last summer.
(5)in 与at 表示方位时
at ——与小的地点连用,. 有“在某一点”的含义;
in ——与大的地方连用有“在⋯范畴之内”的含义;
He was lost at the station.
The twins were born in a big city.
(6) over, above 与on 表示“在⋯⋯上”的区分;
over ——指没有接触面的正上方,. 反义词是under ;
above ——指没有接触面的上方,. 在高一些的位置,. 反义词是below ;
on ——指有接触面的,. 在⋯⋯的表面上;
The plane is above the clouds.
The bridge is over the river.
The cup is on the table.
(7) 娴熟把握介词与动词,名词,形容词搭配构成的词组,. 另外仍要留意,. 介词的后边要跟名词作它
的宾语,. 假如是动词,. 就要变为动名词(doing) 的形式;
如: She isgood at singing.
I'm good at English.
7 ,连词
(1) 把握连词的含义与用法
and( 和,. 并), but( 但是), or( 否就,. 或者), so( 所以,. 于是), when( 当⋯⋯的时候), either ⋯or( 或者⋯⋯或者,. 不是⋯⋯就是), neither ⋯nor( 既不⋯⋯也不⋯⋯), so ⋯that( 如此⋯⋯以致于⋯⋯)
8 ,动词
(1) 娴熟把握动词的现在分词,. 第三人称单数,. 过去式,. 和过去分词的构成;留意牢记不规章动词的过
去式和过去分词;
(2) 把握四类动词的一般用法:
①实义动词——分为及物和不及物两种,. 在句中作谓语;
②连系动词——be, look,feel, get, turn, become, keep 等,. 在句中与表语一起构成相当于谓语部分
的系表结构;
③助动词——帮忙谓语动词构成不同的时态和否定句,. 疑问句,. 不能单独使用,. 也无含义;
④情态动词——可以说是一种特别的助动词,. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,. 后边必需跟动词原形,. 而且本身不但有含义而且可以直接构成否定句和疑问句;
(3) 非谓语动词的习惯用法,. 肯定要熟记
1)begin to do sth 2)start to do sth
3)decide to do sth 4)want to do sth
5)(would) like to do sth 6)forget to do sth
7)remember to do sth 8)love to do sth
9)learn to do sth 10)need to do sth
11)try to do sth 12)try not to do sth
13)stop to do sth 14)ask sb.to do sth
15)ask sb.not to do sth 16)like sb.to do sth
17)teach sb.to do sth 18)tell sb.to do sth
19)tell sb.to do sth 20)want sb.to do sth
21)help sb.(to) do sth 22)let sb.do sth
23)have sb.do sth 24)make sb.do sth
25)had better do sth 26)had better not do sth
27)feel / hear sb.do sth 28)watch / see sb.do sth
29)why not do sth 30)be busy doing sth
31)see / watch sb doing sth 32)feel / hear sbdoing sth
33)enjoy doing sth 34)finish doing sth
35)keep (sb) doing sth 36)go on doing sth
37)stop doing sth 38)like doing sth
39)begin doing sth 40)start doing sth
41)prevent sb from doing 42)stop sb / sth fromdoing sth
43)spend 时间./. 金钱(in) doing sth 44)It takes sb. some time to dosth.
45)It is good (wrong, easy, difficult, important ⋯) to dosth
46)It is time (for sb.) to do sth 47)be used fordoing sth
48)will / would you please do sth 49)what about(doing) sth
(4) 能够区分使用以下动词
1)tell, say, speak, talk
2)bring, take, carry
3)lend, borrow, keep
4) l isten, listen to, hear, hear from, hear of
5) l ook, look at, see, watch, notice
6)reach, arrive(in / at), get to
7) l ook for, look after, look at, look up
8) p ut on, put up, put down, put away, put into
9)look for, find, find out, found
10) take off, take away, take down
11) try on , put on, wear, dress, get dressed
12)ask for, send for
13) get back, give back, take back
14) be made in, be made of, be made from, be madeby
15)get on, got off, get into, get out of
16) get in, get up, get on ⋯with
17) go down, go on, go out
18)look out, look out of
19) turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, turnto, turn over
20) send out, sent to , send away, send up, sendfor
21)fill ⋯with ⋯.be fullof ⋯.be filled with ⋯
22)get sb.sth give sb.sth, buy sb.sth
23)be in, be out, be away, be over, be up
24)wear out, sell out
25) worry about the worried about
26) cost, pay, spend, take
(5) 留意连续性动词( 段动词) 与瞬时动词( 点动词) 在用法上的区分;
瞬时动词有: join,buy, come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, open, closed, become, borrow, l end,die, get 等;
记住:. 瞬时动词( 点动词) 不能与表示连续一段时间的时间状语连用;。