2018年江苏高考英语二轮专题限时集训(23)任务型阅读(Ⅱ)
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2018年江苏高考英语二轮专题限时集训
(23)任务型阅读（Ⅱ）
本资料为woRD文档，请点击下载地址下载全文下载地址专题限时集训二十三任务型阅读
A
“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon，”saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.modernacademicsagree.L astyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea2 1%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandoth eircalmerruralcountrymen，anda39%higherriskofsufferingfrommooddisorders.Butex actlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscaus ethisdifferencehasremainedunclear—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasmeyerL indenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleague shasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticr esonanceimagingtoexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandc ountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.
InDrmeyerLindenberg'sfirstexperiment，participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathst eststhattheywereboundtofail．Tomaketheexperiencesti llmoreembarrassing，
theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones，allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstre ss，suchashighbloodpressure.
Thecitypeople'sgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromt hatoftheruralcountrymen.However，theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimente rsindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableint woregions：theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex．
Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofact ivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherle vels.citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthePAcc，however，whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow，butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson'sch ildhood，themoreactivehisPAcc，regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperim ent.
Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere­and­ nowwhilethePAccisprogrammedearlyon，
anddoesnotreactinthesame，flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second­to­secondc hangesinitsactivitymight，though，beexpectedtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas，becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fmRIallowssuchconn ectionstobemeasured.
Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside，regardlessofwheretheynowlive，theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincit ies，however，theseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismoft henativeurbanite，inotherwords，seemstobeoutoforder.
DrmeyerLindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexpe rimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantsto completemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheyhadmentallyupsanddowns—whileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformance. Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudie danothergroupofvolunteers，whoweregivenstress­freetaskstocomplete.Theseexp erimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePA
cc，suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresulto fsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.
Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort，thesamplesizewassmallandtheresultshowedanassociatio n，ratherthanadefinite，causalrelationship.Thatassociationis，nevertheless，interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits，butDrmeyerLindenberg'sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhis fellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.
Title：Dourbanbrainsbehavedifferentlyfromruralones?
Purposeoftheresearch
Theresearchwasconductedtoexplainwhycitydwellersarem orelikelyto1.________seriousdisordersthancountrymen.
Processoftheresearch
Designoftheresearch
●Theresearchersmadetheparticipantstakedifficultmaths testsandprovidednegativefeedback，whichservedasthesourceof
2.____fortheparticipants.
●meanwhiletheresearchersscannedtheirbrainsandgotindi cationsbyascanningtechniquecalledfmRI.
Findingsoftheresearch
●Theactivitylevelintheamygdalasishighestincitydwelle rs，3.________bythoselivingintownsandthecountryside.Bes ides，theamygdalasrespond
4.________.
●Theactivitylevelofaperson'sPAcc，regulatingtheamygdalas，is5.________bytheplacewherehewasraised，andthePAccworkswhenapersonisata6.________age.
●TheassociationbetweentheamygdalasandthePAccdependso naperson'sliving7.________.
8.______
onthefindings Severalmoreexperimentswerecarriedoutwith9.________r
esults.
conclusionoftheresearch
Itisthesocialstressratherthanmentaleffortthatleadst omentaldisorders，solivingincitiesalsobringsome
0.________.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究。
该研究发现，城市居民的大脑活动不同于农村居民的大脑活动。
这或许解释了城市居民患焦虑症和情感障碍症的概率较高的原因。
．develop/catch/have/suffer [直接信息题。
根据第一段中的“LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershav ea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthand otheircalmerruralcountrymen”可知答案。
]
2．stress/embarrassment [信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing”“stress”可知答案。
]
3．followed[信息归纳题。
通过对第四段中的“Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofa ctivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigher levels.citydwellershadthehighest”进行概括可知答案。
followedby“紧随其后的是”。
]
4．flexibly/differently [信息转换题。
根据第五段中的“...anddoesnotreactinthesame，flexiblewayastheamygdalas”可知答案。
]
5．decided/determined [信息归纳题。
根据对第四段中的“whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow，butwhereheorshewasbroughtup”进行概括可知答案。
decide/determine“决定”。
]
6．young[信息转换题。
根据第四段中的“Themoreurbanaperson'schildhood”可知答案。
atayoungage“小时候”。
]
7．environment/surroundings [信息归纳题。
根据第四段至第六段的内容可以概括出amygdalas和PAcc的关系取决于一个人的生活环境。
]
8．checks/checking [信息转换题。
根据第七段中的“DrmeyerLindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreex perimentstochecktheirfindings”可知答案。
] 9．similar/consistent [信息归纳题。
通过对第七段的内容的概括可知所进行的几个实验所得出的结果是类似的。
]
0．disadvantages/drawbacks/shortcomings [信息归纳题。
根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中的
“Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits，but...”可知生活在城市也有弊端。
]
B
moleculesfoundonphones
reveallifestylesecrets
whatdoesyourphonesayaboutyou?moleculesfoundonmobile phonesrevealanastonishingamountofinformationaboutth eowner'shealthandlifestyle—includingtheirfoodpreferencesandmedication.
californianscientistsfoundtracesofeverythingfromcaf feineandspicestoskincreamsandantidepressantson40pho nestheytested.weleavetracesofmolecules，chemicalsandbacteriaoneverythingwetouch.Evenwashing handsthoroughlywouldnotpreventthetransfertoeveryday objects，ingatechniquecalledmassspectro metry，theUniversityofcalifornia，SanDiegoresearchteamtested500samplestakenfrom40adul ts'mobilephonesandhands.Theythencomparedthemwithmol eculesidentifiedinadatabaseandproduceda
“lifestyleprofile”ofeachphoneowner.
DrAminaBouslimani，anassistantprojectscientistonthestudy，saidtheresultswererevealing.“Byanalysingthemoleculestheyleftbehindontheirphone s，wecouldtellifapersonislikelytobefemale，useshighendcosmetics，dyesherhair，drinkscoffee，prefersbeertowine，likesspicyfood，isbeingtreatedfordepression，wearssunscreenandbugspray—andthereforelikelytospendalotoftimeoutdoors—allkindsofthings，”shesaid.
mostofthemoleculesarethoughttobetransferredfrompeop le'sskin，handsandsweattotheirphone.mosquitorepellentsandsuns creenswerefoundtostayforaparticularlylongtimeonpeop le'sskinandphones，evenwhentheyhadnotbeenusedformonths.Previousresearc hbythesameteamfoundthatpeoplewhohadnotwashedforthre edaysstillhadlotsoftracesofhealthandbeautyproductso ntheirskin.
Thestudysaidthetestingmethodcouldidentifyanobject's ownerwithoutfingerprints.Itcouldalsocheckifpatients weretakingtheirmedication.Besides，itcouldprovideusefulinformationaboutaperson'sexposu retopollution.
Theresearchersnowwanttofindoutmoreaboutthegreatquan tityofbacteriathatcoverourskin—andwhattheyrevealaboutus.SeniorauthorProfPieterDorr esteinsaidtherewereatleast1，000differentmicrobeslivingontheaverageperson'sskin，inhundredsoflocationsonthebody.
moleculesfoundonphonesreveallifestylesecrets
Researchresult
yourmobilephonesconveyalargeamountofinformationonyo urpersonalhealthandlifestyle.
1.______research
Peoplewhohadnotwashedforthreedaysstillhadlotsoftrac esofhealthandbeautyproductsontheirskin.
Research12.______
●molecules，chemicalsandbacteriacanbetracedonmobilephones13.___ _____thehabitofwashinghandsthoroughly.
●withthehelpofa14.________，researcherstested500samplesfrom40phones.
●15.________thesampleswithmoleculesidentifiedinadata base，scientistsproduceda“lifestyleprofile”ofeachphoneowner.
●Basedonthe16.________ofthemolecules，scientistscouldtellaperson'sgender，habits，hobbies，etc.
Practicalapplication
●Thetestingmethodcantellanobject'sowner's17.________ intheabsenceoffingerprints.
●Informationaboutaperson'smedicationcanbechecked.
●Howmuchapersonis18.________topollutioncanbetraced.
9.______research
Theresearcherswanttohaveabetter20.________ofbacteri acoveringourskin.
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。
研究发现，手机上的分子会泄露有关其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。
1．Previous [直接信息题。
根据表格右栏的内容及第四段最后一句“Previousresearchbythesameteamfoundthatpeoplewhoha dnotwashedforthreedays...ontheirskin”可知，此处讲的是先前的研究成果。
]
2．details/information [信息归纳题。
根据第二、三段的内容及表格右栏中的信息可知，此处介绍的是研究的具体情况/信息。
]
3．despite[信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“Evenwashinghandsthoroughlywouldnotprevent...”可知，即使你有彻底洗手的习惯，手机上也会留下分子、化学品和细菌的痕迹。
]
4．technique[直接信息题。
根据第二段中的“Usingatechniquecalledmassspectrometry”可知，研究人员使用了一种被称作光谱测定法的技术。
]
5．comparing [信息转换题。
根据第二段最后一句话中的
“Theythencomparedthemwithmoleculesidentifiedinadat abase”可知，研究人员将收集的样本与他们在数据库中找到的分子进行了比较。
]
6．analysis/analyses [信息转换题。
根据第三段第二句话中的“Byanalysingthemoleculestheyleftbehindontheirphone s...”可知，根据对分子的研究分析，研究人员可以辨别一个人的性别、习惯、爱好等。
]
7．identity/identification [信息转换题。
根据第五段第一句话中的“thetestingmethodcouldidentifyanobject'sownerwitho utfingerprints”可知，即使没有指纹，这种测验方式也可以识别出物体的主人的身份。
]
8．exposed [信息转换题。
根据第五段最后一句话中的“...aboutaperson'sexposuretopollution”可知，这种测验方式能提供有关一个人接触污染的程度的信息。
] 9．Future/Further [信息归纳题。
根据表格右栏中的信息及最后一段的内容尤其是“findoutmoreaboutthegreatquantityofbacteriathatcov erourskin...”可知，此处内容有关未来的/进一步的研究。
] 20．understanding/knowledge [信息转换题。
根据最后一段第一句话中的
“findoutmoreaboutthegreatquantityofbacteriathatcov erourskin”可知，研究人员想要更好地了解我们皮肤上的细菌。
]。