英文阅读

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: those international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:” This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia,after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the UnitedStates had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals or in non-national teams might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.21. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have_.A. created goodwill between the nationsB. bred only false national prideC. barely showed any international friendshipD. l ed to more and more misunderstanding and hatred22. What did the manager mean by saying, “...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”？A. His team would no longer take part in international games.B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfairdecisions.C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D. T he Federation should be dissolved.23. The basketball example implied that_.A. too much patriotism was displayed in the incidentB. the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decisionD. t he American team was right in rejecting the silver medals24. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show_ .A. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international gamesB. that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendshipD. t hat unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Gaines.C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.26. What’s the reason unhappy incidents happening in the Olympic Games.A. Sport is competitive rather than the love of the game.B. Some people don't abide by the rules.C. Misunderstanding and hatred.D. T oo much patriotism was stressed the incident.Passage TwoIf there is one thing certain to get Brazilians on their feet, it is the Rio Carnival (狂欢节)，Held in Rio dc Janeiro, the country’s biggest city, the carnival began on February 20 when the mayor gave key of the city to Rei Momo—the Lord of Misrule (无序之皇).On his orders, each year people turn the city into a paradise of dance and music. The following six days are so fun of parades, street dancing, fantastic clothes and partying (聚会) that many people forget about eating and sleeping.It was the passion of the carnival that attracted me to Brazil and made me settle down in Rio. said Bob Nadkarmi, a British man who has lived in the city for several years. For many Brazilians, the centre piece of the carnival is samba (桑巴舞)，a typical Brazilian dance. Every year,tens of thousands of visitors and locals show off their passion and energy in the streets, following the beat (节拍) of the Latin music.The climax to this street party is the float (彩车) parade, in which floats decorated with tons of fresh flowers by various samba schools and local communities move through the city. On the top of each float stands the candidate for the Drum Queen, who is chosen at the end of the party, while most people ar e free to enjoy the celebrations. Rio’s police officers have to keep a dear head. Following the murder of three officers in a gunfight early last week, the Brazilian Government has tightened security in Rio. The street fighting, robbery and sex crimes that accompany the carnival are very difficult to police.Carnivals began in ancient Rome as a celebration at which people fed wild wolves, in honour of the city’s founder who was said to have been raised by a she-wolf. Brazil gave new life to this tradition and so. Despite the troubles, the carnival will remain a symbol of the country’s culture.27. According to the passage, during the Carnival people in Rio did all of the following 乂EXCEPT_.A. dancing in the streets.B. putting on colorful clothesC. eating a lot of food.D. holding exciting parades.28. Which of the following is not true about samba?A. It’s a typical Brazilian dance.B.It’s the centre piece of the carnivals.C.Brazilians usually dance it.D.It’s a British dance.29. How long does the carnival last?A. Six days. C. Eight days.B. A whole week. D. The whole of February.30. The word “centerpiece” in the 3rd paragraph means.A. the most important partB. the middle partC. the central part of the cityD. the most attractive decoration.31. According to the passage, Bob Nadkami is .A. a Brazilian who has come back from BritainB. a British man who visits Rio for the carnivalC. a British man who has come to live in BrazilD. a Brazilian who is attracted by the carnival32.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The earliest carnivals were held in ancient Rome.B. Carnivals were originally a tradition of the Brazilians.C. Carnivals were originally a tradition of the Romans.D. T he Brazilians have integrated the Roman carnival into their culture.Passage ThreeJob sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers.A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 percent of sharers were female, themajority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children* but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status.Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preference of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, 加two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.33.”Employee commitment”in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee’s_.A. loyaltyB. qualificationC. experienceD. achievement34. Work sharing is different from job sharing in that_.A. it requires more working hoursB. it depends on the employer’s decisionC. it provides more work positionsD. it offers a more satisfactory salary35. Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because_.A. they can take care of both work and familyB. they are over ideal working agesC. they seek equal opportunities with menD. t hey have difficulty finding full-time job36. According to the survey, the sharers women consist of_A. 20%B. 40%C. 50%D. 78%37.The main purpose of the passage is to __.A. recommend job sharing to womenB. describe job sharing in generalC. criticize job sharing as inefficientD. d iscuss a way to tackle unemploymentPassage FourTides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon’s pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon, on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal “waves” follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise towards a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides aday, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the time that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative portions of the sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon. When the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at right angles (直角) to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than in other areas. A strong wind blowing towards the shore may also cause tides to be higher.38. Which of the following may be concluded from the information presented in the passage?A. Some coast lines do not have two tides each day.B. Tides usually rise to the same level day after day.C. Tides are not affected by the shape of coast line.D. The sun has as much effect on tides as does the moon.39. The time that high tide occurs at a particular place is affected by all of the following EXCEPTA. the position of the moonB. the direction of the windC. channels in the sea bottomD. variations in the coast line40. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the pull of the sun on the earth?A. It determines the time of high tide.B. It is about twice the pull of the moon.C. It determines the time of low tide.D. It is about half the pull of the moon.41. If the pull of the sun equaled the pull of the moon, tides would_.A. sometimes be higher than they are nowB. be the same height they are nowC. no longer be affected by the windD. b e of equal height all the timeA. Dream of falling down.B. Dream of running hard.C. Dream of being pushed away.D. D ream of flying into the air.Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly explained, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.42.I can see their laughing faces... laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me! This dt6am has both positive and negative connotations (涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape The dream could represent an inferiority complex (自卑情结)，which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.43.I in moving from fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’t escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality (生命力) like the other one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear it prominent emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble (蹒珊) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes dream even more terrifying (恐怖的).One possible interpretation suggests that the dreamers are under pressure in their everyday life.44.I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I am trapped in my own bed. In this dream^ the person is often standing on a high, exposedplace such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming (强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifying real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.45.The wind is pushing me and I slip. There is nothing I can do, nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but is also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.Part IV Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient toprovide food for him, his mate and their off spring. Migrating birds, for example, used up the best territory in the order of “first come, first 46 ” The late arrivals may acquire 47 territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the 48 of the enemies of the species. 49 there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not 50 . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict 51 territory, animals will commonly use force, or a show of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, 52, that animals seem to use only the minimum amount of force 53 to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the case of those animals which are capable of 54 each other great harm, 55 is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the victor normally stops fighting.46. A. use B. serve C. served D. used47. A. larger B. better C. smaller D. worse48. A. caves B. nests C. residences D. habitats49. A. Neither B. If C. Since D. B ecause50. A. breed B. produce C. mate D. compete51. A. for B. over C. with D. by52. A. moreover B. henceforth C. however D. yet53. A. compulsory B. essential C. necessary D. vital54. A. doing B. made C. given D. sending55. A. this B. that C. it D. thereThe word “blog” is a brief form of web log. There are a great number of blogs on the Internet today. Not only can they provide information to people but enable people to write and react all kinds of ideas to them. Entries on a blog are organized in a time order with the latest one at the head of the rank. Bloggers are people who write on blogs. They can mainly be classified into four types: personal bloggers, business bloggers, organizational bloggers and professional bloggers.Do you know what is the most wanted high-tech for teenagers in the U. S.? It is the iPod. The small cigarette-box-shaped player provides hours of music, videos and audio books, disc, videos and audio books years ago, users found it was very different from just a simple MP3. As the brand grew more and more new features were introduced. The iPod, as well as laying music and videos can also store address book, keep your appointments, hold text notes, and display your photo albums. It is big enough for you to take a whole library ofmusic in your pocket.About three hundred words in the English language come form the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention or discovery, a new word may be coined after the inventor or scientist. It is interesting to observe how many common English words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich who lived from 1782 to 179273 used to sit at the gambling table eating slices of bread in that way, so his fri ends began to call the bread “sandwich” for fun. Later on the word became part of the English language- The word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the captain was a very harsh man. He treated his poor tenants very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed. The word “boycott” became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.Part VI TranslationCancer has emerged as a major killer in several newly industrialized countries and is striking more people in areas of developing world where it was hardly known before, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Although the risk of cancer will stabilize, if not decline, in industrialized countries by 2025, developing countries will suffer increasing rates of the disease, the WHO said in an extensive report on the world’s state of health. Cancer caused 12 percent of the 52 million deaths worldwide in 1997 and was the third leading killer after infectious and parasitic diseases and coronary and heart disease.据世界卫生组织报道，癌症已成为新兴工业化国家主要杀手。