2006年复旦大学中外文学与文艺理论考研试题

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2010年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及详解【圣才出品】

2010年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及详解【圣才出品】

2010年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及详解文学理论1.请选择一个你熟悉的20世纪西方文学批评流派进行简介,说明其产生时间、主要代表人物并对其著作进行介绍。

答:以英美新批评流派为例。

英美新批评是20世纪西方文学批评流派中一个影响深远的批评流派。

(1)产生时间及发展阶段“新批评”一词,源于美国文艺批评家兰色姆1941年出版的《新批评》一书,但这一流派的起源则可追溯到艾略特和瑞恰兹。

英美新批评是英美现代文学批评中最有影响的流派之一,它于二十世纪二十年代在英国发端,三十年代在美国形成,并于四五十年代在美国蔚成大势。

五十年代后期,新批评渐趋衰落,但新批评提倡和实践的立足文本的语义分析仍不失为文学批评的基本方法之一,对当今的文学批评尤其是诗歌批评产生着深远的影响。

(2)代表人物英美新批评的主要代表人物有艾略特、瑞恰兹、燕卜逊、兰色姆、韦勒克等。

艾略特可视为新批评的思想先驱。

他在《传统与个人才能》一文中提出了一重要论点——非个性论,这一论点构成了新批评文论的基石。

艾略特强调批评应该从作家转向作品,从诗人转向诗本身。

为新批评提供方法论基础的是瑞恰兹,他通过引进语义学的方法使人们把注意力移向语言。

新批评派主要有三代批评家:第一代的代表人物有英国的休姆和美国诗人庞德;第二代的代表人物是燕卜逊和兰色姆;第三代的代表人物是韦勒克和文萨特,他们共同完成了新批评的理论体系。

(3)英美新批评代表人物的著作①兰色姆《新批评》兰色姆《新批评》一书主要运用文学本体论与“结构—肌质”理论,分别对瑞恰慈、艾略特、温特斯等人的文学批评进行了批评,并在批评中更细致地丰富了他的理论。

a.文学本体论兰色姆将“本体”这一哲学术语首次用于文学研究。

新批评则认为,文学作品是一个完整的多层次的艺术客体,是一个独立自足的世界,文学作品本身就是文学活动的本源。

以作品为本体,从文学作品本身出发研究文学的特征遂成为新批评的理论核心。

复旦真题

复旦真题

简章【上海复旦大学】研究方向:中国近现代文学演变中国现当代文学现当代中外文学关系世界华文文学中国当代文学当代文化研究与批评考试科目:101政治理论201英语or202俄语or203日语705文学语言综合知识808中国古代与现代文学1999复旦大学硕士入学古代汉语和现代汉语基础试题一、解释下列名词(4*5=20分)1、马氏文通;2、反切;3、四声别义;4、分别文;5、偏义复词二、简答(5分*4=20分)(一)、在造字表词过程中,形声文字的形符和声符各起什么作用?(二)、中古三十六字母中哪一些属浊声?(三)、古代汉语的判断句有什么特点和主要格式?(四)、什么叫“互文见义”?三、给下列文章加上标点(10分)凶年饥岁士糟粕不厌而君之犬马有余谷粟隆冬烈寒士士短褐不完四体不蔽而君之台观帷幕锦绣随风飘飘而敝财者君之所轻死者士之所重也四、分析下列汉字的音节结构(10分)1、追;2、孤;3、帆;4、远;5、影五、找出下面词语中的合成词,并归入相应的结构类型中(10分)作家笔直太太煽动甜头公主伤心可爱改进蜻蜓热爱花朵掩饰性急葫芦罗汉知已吉它新闻壁画月亮淡化司法干净自豪带头反正文艺A、联合式:B、附加式:C、补充式:D、陈述式:E、支配式:F、加缀式:六、结合实例说明现代汉语中语素、词、汉字三者的含义和关系。

(10分)七、用万分分析法分析A句,用层次分析法分析B句(10分)A、李林同志,我可不可以再要求首长让我到基层连队去锻炼锻炼?B、最近,科学家将把几只老鼠送到一个遥远的星球去。

八、简要说明语体的主要类型及其特点(10分)--------------------------------复旦大学1999硕士入学语言学基础知识试题1、用国际音标注出下列诗中各字的声母(10分)春日起每早,采桑惊啼鸟;风过扑鼻香,花落知多少?2、阅读下文,回答文后各题:(10分)夏,楚子使屈完如师。

师退,次于召陵。

齐侯陈诸侯之师,与屈完乘而观之。

复旦大学 复旦 复旦大学试题清单 考研真题及答案解析

复旦大学 复旦 复旦大学试题清单 考研真题及答案解析

复旦大学中国古代文学研究中心③324哲学综合知识④425形式逻辑基础1993-1994,1996③311语言学基础知识1996-1999④402古代汉语和现代汉语基础1996-1999③312文史知识1996-1997④403古籍校读1996-1997③338文学理论④801中国古代文学西方哲学史1994-1998西方哲学史(从古希腊到现代)2005中国古代与现代文学1996-1999,2002、2004-2005中国现当代文学1999中外文学与文艺理论1995-1998、2000、2003-2005写作1996-2002,2004-2005语文与写作1997中国语言文学系③313写作1996-2002、2004-2005④405中外文学与文艺理论1995-1998、2000、2003-2005③311语言学基础知识1996-1999④402古代汉语和现代汉语基础1996-1999③312文史知识1996,1997、④406目录版本学1996,1997④404中国古代与现代文学1996-1999,2002、2004-2005④802电影史与电影理论美学与文艺学1996-1999、2002理论语言学1996-1999中国古代文学史1996-1999语文与写作1997外国语言文学学院②207二外俄语208二外日语1994-1996,1998209二外德语1994-1995210二外法语1994-1996③314基础英语1995-1999④407英美文学史1995-1998408语言学理论1995-1998新闻学院③320新闻传播学基础2003-2005④414新闻实务2003-2004新闻实务模拟试题和答案18套(36元)④813传播实务2004(2004有答案)③340营销学2004④804广告与公关实务2004③339传媒与社会2004④803广播电视艺术2004新闻传播学实务2003新闻传播理论2003新闻业务1996-1998新闻传播业务1999-2000,2002新闻与传播理论1999,2001-2002新闻理论与中国新闻史1995-1998中外新闻事业史1999-2000,2002新闻传播学基础(单考生)2004历史学系③321史学概论1994-2000世界近现代史1996-1999世界上古史中古史1999世界古代中世纪史1995-1997中国古代史1995-1997、1999中国近现代史1996-1999古代汉语1992,1994,1996经济学院④420经济学综合基础2003-2005(2003-2005均有答案)经济学1993-2002(均有答案)④421西方经济学④401金融学基础(金融联考)2002-2005(均有答案)④421微观经济学1996-2001(A)-2001(B)-2002,2004(均有答案)世界经济1999-2000,2002(均有答案)世界经济概论1996-1998(均有答案)货币银行学1998-2002(1998有两份,国际金融和货币银行学专业各一份)货币银行学与国际金融1998金融学1999-2001综合考试(金融学专业)1999-2002当代中国经济1999管理学院④446经济与管理综合知识④420经济学综合基础2003-2005(2003-均有答案)经济学1993-2002(均有答案)④447概率论与数理统计1998-2004④421西方经济学③330高等数学1998④448线性规划1995-1998④449管理科学导论(运筹学)1994-1995-1999,2001-2002821运营管理④822数据结构与数据库管理444企业管理综合理论与知识2003-2005(2003-2005有答案)企业管理综合理论与知识模拟试题和答案18套(36元)④445会计学1995-2003(2001-2003有答案)④823东方管理与应用经济④825经济、管理和市场营销学基础④824财务金融综合知识微观经济学1996-2001(A)-2001(B)-2002,2004(均有答案)世界经济1999-2000,2002(均有答案)世界经济概论1996-1998(均有答案)企业经营管理1995-2002(1995-2002有答案)数据结构与操作系统1990-2004应用概率统计1999-2000概率统计1998企业管理2005(有答案)!哲学系③324哲学综合知识2004-2005④422马克思主义哲学原著1993-1994,1996④423中国哲学史1994,1996④424外国哲学史2000、2005④425形式逻辑基础1993-1994,1996④426西方伦理思想史④427宗教学原理④428科学技术哲学西方哲学史(从古希腊到现代)2005西方哲学史1994-1998国际关系与公共事务学院③325政治学原理1996-2005(1996-2004有答案)④429西方政治思想史1999-2004④430马克思主义原著选读1993-1994,1996④432国际关系1996-2005433行政学1997-2005(2002-2005有答案)当代中国政治制度1996-2005世界经济1999-2000,2002(均有答案)行政管理学1996-2002(均有答案)世界经济概论1996-1999(1996-1998有答案)世界经济与政治1996-2002,2004-2005数学研究所③331数学分析1996-2001④450代数与几何常微分方程1995-2001高等代数1996-2001数学物理方程1995-1997、1999-2001概率统计(数量经济专业)1998应用概率统计1999-2000应用概率2002物理学系③332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004固体物理1996-1999-2001电动力学1996-2001热力学与统计物理1996-1997、1999、2001传热学1999现代物理所③332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004固体物理1996-1999-2001电动力学1996-2001热力学与统计物理1996-1997,1999,2001信息科学与工程学院③332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004④452电磁场和电磁波1998-1999805光学④453电路与系统基础④817电子线路与集成电路设计④818半导体器件原理1994-1997、1999④454电子学基础(模拟、数字和微波技术)2000④455数据结构与操作系统1990-1999-2000-2001-2004③333数学分析与线性代数1990-1999,2001-2004电子线路(模拟和数字)1996-1998-2000固体物理1996-1999-2001计算机原理1994-1997、1999编译原理1990-1999-2002离散数学1999计算机图示学1992-1999-2002计算机组织与结构1990-1999-2002电磁场理论和微波技术1997-1998电路和信号理论1999电子线路1999化学系④334物理化学(含结构化学)1994-2004(2002-2003有答案)④456有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004(2003-2004有答案,但不完整)457无机化学和分析化学1998-2000,2003-2004(1998—2004有答案)③336生物化学1996,1998-2005④465细胞生物学1994,1997-2002-2004332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004生命科学学院③335生态学1995—1998④462植物学1994—1997③334物理化学(含结构化学)1994-2004(2002-2003有答案)④456有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004(2003-2004有答案,但不完整)③352药学综合④482有机化学(医)④463动物学1995、1997—1998③336生物化学1996,1998-2005④464微生物学1999337生理学④465细胞生物学1994,1997-2002-2004④466遗传学和细胞生物学345进化生物学④819生物统计学820生物信息学遗传学1999、2001-2002遗传学和细胞学2003生物综合2001法学院③326法学概论1996-2005④434法理学1999-2000,2003-2005435中外法制史④436宪法与行政法学2000④437刑法学④438民商法学2005④439诉讼法学2005④806环境法④440国际法及冲突法1999,2002,2003③398专业基础课(含刑法、民法)④498综合基础课(含法理、宪法和中国法制史)民法学1996-1997-2002中国法制史1995-1999-2000外国法制史1995-1996-1999、2001外国宪法1995-1998行政法学1997,1998,2002商法学1999-2000,2002国际法1995-1997,1999-2000,2003-2005力学与工程科学系④461理论力学1995-1999、2002-2004(2002有答案)④459材料科学基础④460高分子材料化学与物理807材料科学与工程材料力学1999、2002答案:2002材料科学系459材料科学基础460高分子材料化学与物理807材料科学与工程451普通物理1996-2004有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004光源与照明工程系③332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004人口研究所④420经济学综合基础③327社会统计学1995—1998441社会学概论1995-1998、2000、2005357卫生管理综合808社会保障479卫生统计学351卫生综合经济学综合基础2003-2005(2003-2005均有答案,2005为回忆版)经济学1993-2002(均有答案)社会科学基础部③325政治学原理1996-2005(1996-2004有答案)④431马克思主义理论与中国社会主义建设④809中共党史分析测试中心③334物理化学(含结构化学)1994-2004(2002-2004有答案)④456有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004(2003-2004有答案,但不完整)457无机化学和分析化学1998-2000,2003-2004(1998—2004有答案)历史地理研究中心③323中国历史地理1996—1997、1999④417中国古代史1995-1997、1999419中国自然地理1999高分子科学系③334物理化学(含结构化学)1994-2004(2002-2004有答案)④456有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004(2003-2004有答案,但不完整)457无机化学和分析化学1998-2000,2003-2004(1998—2004有答案)458高分子化学与物理1994-1998③336生物化学1996,1998-2005④465细胞生物学1994,1997-2002—2004社会发展与公共政策学院(社会学系)④327社会统计学1995—1998441社会学概论1995-1998、2000、2005④442社会工作概论③328文化人类学2005高等教育研究所③329中国教育史1999-2001-2003-2004(均有答案)④443教育学1999-2001-2003-2004(2003有答案)343经济学2004环境科学与工程系④467环境科学综合知识2003—2004④811环境工程综合知识基础环境学1995-1999(1998有答案)环境化学1999—2002(1999-2001有答案)环境生物学2000—2001(2000-2001有答案)微电子研究院④817电子线路与集成电路设计④818半导体器件原理1994-1997、1999电子线路(模拟和数字)1996-1998-2000计算机原理1994-1997、1999软件学院③333数学分析与线性代数1990-1999,2001-2004④812数据结构与计算机系统基础数据结构与操作系统1999-2000-2001-2004计算机组织与结构1999-2002文物与博物馆学系③322考古学通论1994、1999④815博物馆学概论826文物保护基础③346文物学基础④827文化遗产理论和管理中国古代史1995-1997、1999先进材料与技术研究院③332量子力学1996-2004④451普通物理1996-2004334物理化学(含结构化学)1994-2004(2002-2003有答案)④456有机化学1994-1995,1997-2004(2003-2004有答案)457无机化学和分析化学1998-2000,2003-2004(1998—2004有答案)458高分子化学与物理1994-1998-1999④459材料科学基础固体物理1996-1999-2001旅游学系④418旅游学旅游学概论1996-1997文献资源中心③341文献学④814图书馆学③342信息管理与计算机技术上海医学院(基础)④468生物化学(医)354生物综合2001352药学综合④469细胞生物学(医)356生物医工综合④470计算机应用基础④472组织胚胎学355检验综合353数学综合④816放射诊断学④473人体解剖学④471生理学(医)药学院③352药学综合④482有机化学(医)469细胞生物学(医)④483生物药剂学与药物动力学④485药用植物学④486分析化学④468生物化学(医)复旦大学医学院(2005年和2006年的专业目录没有这个学院)病理生理学1999内科学1999-2002遗传学2001-2002遗传学和细胞学2003内科学1999-2002、2004(博士题)外科学1999-2004(博士题)病理生理学2003(博士题)病理学2003-2004(博士题)解剖学2003(博士题)神经内科2003(博士题)妇产科2004(博士题)生物化学2004(博士题)诊断学2004(博士题)外科学1999-2001生理学1995、2003生物综合2001微生物学1999-2000细胞生物学1997-2001-2002病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004诊断学1997-1998、2001-2002耳鼻咽喉科学2004中山医院④472组织胚胎学④351卫生综合④473人体解剖学④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004 355检验综合④468生物化学(医)③360护理综合④476病理生理学1999④494肿瘤学④471生理学(医)④488诊断学1997-1998、2001-2002③358口腔综合④496口腔病理学④492中医学基础内科学1999—2000外科学1994、4997、2001肿瘤医院④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004④493妇产科学④494肿瘤学④477药理学307中医综合④492中医学基础儿科医院④476病理生理学1999金山医院④488诊断学1997-1998、2001-2002④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004④476病理生理学1999④494肿瘤学实验动物部③359畜牧兽医综合354生物综合2001④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004 468生物化学(医)④480营养与食品卫生学④471生理学(医)上海市肿瘤研究所③352药学综合354生物综合2001④468生物化学(医)④469细胞生物学(医)351卫生综合357卫生管理综合④479卫生统计学放射医学研究所④468生物化学(医)病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004生物综合2001上海市第一妇婴保健院④476病理生理学1999④468生物化学(医)护理学院③360护理综合④476病理生理学1999华山医院③356生物医工综合④487高等数学(医)④470计算机应用基础④468生物化学(医)355检验综合497微生物学(医)④473人体解剖学④491神经病学④474免疫学④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004④471生理学(医)③352药学综合④482有机化学(医)④476病理生理学1999④490外科学1994、1997、2001④488诊断学1997-1998、2001-2002③358口腔综合④828口腔解剖生理④492中医学基础④483生物药剂学与药物动力学④494肿瘤学④493妇产科学内科学1999—2000上海市第五人民医院④488诊断学④476病理生理学1999外科学1994、1997、2001诊断学1997-1998、2001-2002内科学1999—2000公共卫生学院③351卫生综合357卫生管理综合④479卫生统计学④481基础毒理学④468生物化学(医)眼耳鼻喉科医院④476病理生理学1999473人体解剖学上海市计划生育研究所③359畜牧兽医综合④475病理学1995、1998、2000-2001、2004468生物化学(医)354生物综合2001④469细胞生物学(医)③351卫生综合④479卫生统计学③352药学综合④482有机化学(医)④471生理学(医)文献信息中心③341文献学④814图书馆学③342信息管理与计算机技术华东医院④488诊断学④476病理生理学1999妇产科医院④468生物化学(医)本文档来源于布丁考研网(),全国最真实、最全面的考研真题及资料库。

(NEW)复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论历年考研真题及详解

(NEW)复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论历年考研真题及详解

目 录2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案2013年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)2013年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案2012年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论考研真题(回忆版)2012年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案2011年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论考研真题(回忆版)2011年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案2010年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)2010年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及详解2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)一、名词解释1.民歌的本真性2.“有见识的读者”3.叙事模式(童)4.“三言”、“二拍”5.郁达夫6.《波斯人信札》二、简述1.丁玲早期创作的基本特点。

2.简述法国象征派主义诗歌的艺术特征。

三、论述1.结合具体作品与历史上的相关论述谈《诗经》与乐舞的文化关系。

2.引用了海涅的一段话,选择塞万提斯、莎士比亚、歌德任意一人,谈其分别在叙事、戏剧、抒情文类的贡献与影响。

3.将文学研究重点放在“文本性”和“主体”上这一做法是对何种文学研究范式的反驳?该做法本身的理论基础在你看来有何效力?(董学文、童)四、案例分析一个著名诗人在香港国际诗歌之夜上致辞引用了海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》扉页上约翰•多恩的诗“没有谁是一座孤岛/自成一体/每个人都是大陆的一小块/是大陆的一部分”。

后面的话大意是说如果全球化是“大陆”,那么诗歌就是“岛屿”,全球化新版图背后存在种族。

语言、文明之类的冲突和背离。

复旦大学真题2006年

复旦大学真题2006年

复旦大学2006年Paper OnePort ⅠVocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A. ploddedB. peepedC. plungedD. peaked2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A. passed awayB. passed offC. passed outD. passed by3. Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A. saggedB. passed offC. saddledD. scored4. Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A. workedB. worksC. to workD. work5. Jane was badly taken in when she paid $300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worthA. that all muchB. all that muchC. much all thatD. that much all6. A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A. contractedB. consultedC. contemplatedD. congregated7. UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A. frailB. clandestineC. temperateD. fake8. Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A. traceB. transcendC. tranquilizeD. trail9. When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A. alertB. zealousC. meekD. gregarious10. Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A. pull offB. pull outC. pull throughD. pull on11. Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A. so old aB. a too oldC. too old aD. a so old12. The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A. takingB. to takeC. having takenD. being taken13. We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A. grimB. glossyC. gorgeousD. gracious14. If law and outer ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A. wereB. areC. isD. was15. He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______ credibility on the regime.A. bestowB. embraceC. disperseD. undertake16. When import taxes on goods arc high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A. barteredB. counterfeitedC. manufacturedD. smuggled17. There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A. precariousB. feebleC. convenientD. liable18. The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A. onB. alongC. atD. for19. On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A. treacherousB. enchantingC. rashD. furtive20. Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A. talk overB. talk intoC. talk downD. talk round21. He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A. listen toB. composeC. faceD. play22. Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffuse ______ color.A. withB. inC. byD. of23. In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A. too muchB. as muchC. very muchD. so much24. Y esterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A. fell offB. fell outC. fell awayD. fell apart25. The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A. spurredB. menacedC. cautionedD. induced26. Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A. obnoxiousB. straightforwardC. considerateD. genial27. She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors.A. relievedB. replacedC. retrievedD. resurrected28. Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A. see throughB. see toC. see intoD. see after29. I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A. getB. holdC. letD. have30. The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A. ransackedB. besiegedC. mortgagedD. renovatedPort ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four chokes marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.(1)Nowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when be first tasted it, ex-claimed, "What a pity this isn't a sin!"Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand.Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla suger or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of fresh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increasingly fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to I cup of coarse rock sail. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Them triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or fresh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to a-bout 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder then if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proporions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served, If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner, container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving: Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31. In the first paragraph, "took a turn at the crank" could be paraphrased ______.A. "helped to mix the ice cream"B. "ate some ice cream"C. "helped break up the ice with a hammer"D. "protected the ice cream from children"32. According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A. is now common and inexpensive at most storesB. is only possible with hand laborC. should be melted and then refrozenD. needs to be a sin33. When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A. syrup and creamB. syrup and iceC. salt and iceD. fresh fruit and ice34. In Paragraph Four, "taper off" means ______.A. cut upB. stopC. speed upD. slow down35. This passage reflects an era when ______.A. people liked a little salt in their ice creamB. making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC. ice cream was not popularD. people did not know now to make cheese with their cream(2)Food and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end. Thus does the extended family keep on extending--further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, .you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under nourishment than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor--mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now the second fattest nation in that group of 30 countries. A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese, Juan Rivera, an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising.Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely that the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A Study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74% of men and 70% of women are either overweight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59% of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33%. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable then in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel, Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6. 5m diabetics out of a population of 10Om, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly. Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexico is in the grip of an "epidemic".Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 litres of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible--preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic. Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured most of the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these arc also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money, But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparative ly expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36. The phrase "on end" in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A. until all been consumedB. uprightC. continuouslyD. until the last day37. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B. Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C. Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D. Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38. Judging by the context, the word "perennial" in the second paragraph most probably meansA. perpetualB. recurringC. transientD. perilous39. Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A. Cancer.B. Heart disease.C. Diabetes.D. Epidemic.40. It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight of obese in Mexico roseby ______.A. 30%B. 26%C. 35%D. 55%(3)When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and then they'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen brides- maids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course, of dam little but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gild-ed adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty) 'you seem so kinda grown up somehow', and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, early he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly clopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aero plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do go pop there will be no little ones to suffer shoc k and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the 'afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up--I mean when they're grown up--I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to bed at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of every- thing you've ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes--it they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one's days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41. What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A. have so many unselfish ambitionsB. have such long term ambitionsC. don't all want to be spacemenD. all long for adult pleasures42. The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A. satisfy ambitionB. lessen ambitionC. stimulate ambitionD. frustrate ambition43. What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A. Their wanting to grow up.B. Their not wanting to grow up.C. Their wanting to improve adults.D. Their not wanting to improve adults.44. The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A. achieve one's ambitions at all costsB. continue to be ambitiousC. find a compromise between ambition and realityD. give up all one's earlier ambitions45. When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A. there will be compensationsB. she will be delightedC. she will be desolatedD. there will be nothing to do(4)For years pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart, attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use?The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19of 130children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. "No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well," says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. "But it's worrisome."Who's most at risk? Boys more man girls, expecially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately the abnormal, thickering can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control--through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment--allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670, 000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure?I t's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery.Y ou should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate me normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could be the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect the National Heart. Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood-pressure checks for every child over age 3.About half the eases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the U. S. who are overweight has doubled, from 5% to 11% or4.7 million kids.Y ou can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and honking your kids--the earlier the better--on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes/or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure: these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their PlayStation. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat light and exercise if you set a good example.46. This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A. parentsB. boysC. girlsD. pediatrician47. The word unclog in paragraph 7 can be replaced by ______.A. fixB. clearC. hinderD. dismantle48. By saying "It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery ", the writer impliesA. hypertension is hard to detectB. children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC. you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD. in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49. Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A. Ding treatments.B. Weight loss.C. Exercise.D. Overwork.50. We can conclude from the passage that ______.A. children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB. parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC. besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD. vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePaper TwoPart ⅢClozeDirections: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Every geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised alive sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed (51) the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and then into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks (52) even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and (53) of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing material from one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in (54) course protected by soil itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly (55) surely, different types of soil with differing "profiles" evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is held together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, (56) long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The (57) is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical down- pours beating on the leave of the giant trees reach the ground only (58) spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms-earth-worms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting (59) leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking (60) . Soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣT ranslationSection ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of an acute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibilty for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long, enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, every day, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section BDirections: Put the following passage into English.在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。

2006年文学理论与写作考研真题

2006年文学理论与写作考研真题

2006年文学理论与写作考研真题考生专业:中国语言文学考试科目:文学理论与写作一、简答题(50分每题10分)1、为什么说文学既是无功利的又是功利的?文学作为审美意识形态,从目的看,它既是无功利的,也是功利的。

(2分)说文学是无功利的,是因为:(1)文学史审美的,而审美是无功利性的,并不寻求直接的实际利益。

(2分)(2)集中体现在作家的创作活动和读者的阅读过程中,作家需要舍弃功利心才能创作出好作品。

读者需保持无功利心,才能进入文学的审美世界。

(2分)虽然文学直接地是无功利的,但间接地或内在却又隐伏着某种功利性。

(1)间接地有深刻的社会功利性,显现为审美地掌握世界的深层目的。

(2)(2)它把审美无功利性仅仅当作实现其反应现实生活这一功利目的的特殊手段。

总之,文学的无功利性是直接的,功利性是间接的,直接的无功利性是实现间接的功利性的手段。

(1分)所以说文学既是无功利的又是功利的。

2、试简述作为文学创作客体的社会生活的特殊性?人的意识活动包括文学艺术活动和科学认识活动,他们都是社会生活的反映。

但作为文学创造客体的社会生活具有特殊性。

(1分)(1)它是整体性的社会活动,(视论述情况给1-3分,无则1分)(2)它是具有审美价值的或经过审美提炼而具有审美价值的社会生活,(同上)(3)它是作家体验过的社会生活。

(同上)3、何谓艺术发现?艺术发现的心理特征有哪些?艺术发现是艺术家在社会生活中积累了一定的生活材料的基础上,依照自己的认识和评介的思想原则和审美趋向,对外在事物进行观察和审视时所得的独特感受。

(2)艺术发现的心理特征有:(1)它是艺术家心灵的蓦然领悟。

2分(2)它是艺术家独特眼光和非凡观察力的凝合,体现着深层的心理内容。

2分(3)它是艺术家对外在事物的独特把握,常常是外在事物的某一突出点与艺术家内心体验相契合。

2分(4)它并不改变原来的事物。

艺术家把自己独特的感受注入其中,在自己的知觉中产生新创造物。

2分4、你认为意境是什么?试举例说明文学的意境特征?意境:抒情型文学作品中呈现的那种情景交融、虚实相生的形象系统及其所诱发和开拓的审美想象空间。

古代文学考研试题

古代文学考研试题

先秦一、名词解释和填空1、九辩(人大古代文学00)2、九歌(人大古代文学00)3、淝水之战(北大古代文学9x)东晋与前秦符坚谢安4、《天问》的作者是(屈原)(南开大学文学综合00)5、春秋三传(徐州师大古代文学03,南京师大古代文学02、03)《公羊传》、《榖梁传》、《左传》。

6、孔子有关诗乐的主张有()()()(浙大古代文学05)7、孟子的论文主张是()()(浙大古代文学05)8、《楚辞》的主要作者是(屈原)(宋玉)(浙大古代文学05)9、“齐人有一妻一妾”故事出自(《孟子》)(复旦大学古代文学05)10、《诗三百》,一言以蔽之,曰(思无邪)(复旦大学古代文学05)11、尚书(南大古代文学03、04,四川大学古代文学02)12、楚辞先秦(北师大古代文学93)13、四家诗(四川大学古代文学03)14、“阳春白雪”的典故出自于()的《对楚王问》(四川大学古代文学02)15、汉人传授《诗经》,有古今文之分,“毛诗”为古文经,今文经有“鲁诗”“齐诗”与()(四川大学古代文学02)16、《老子》又名《道德经》,由(道经)与(德经)两部分组成。

(四川大学古代文学02)17、三家诗(北大古代文学04)18、变风变雅(苏州大学古代文学04)19、春秋笔法(苏州大学古代文学04)20、比兴(华东师大中文03)21、春秋内外传(湖南师大古代文学xx)22、风雅颂(北大文学史04)23、〈庄子·内篇〉(苏州大学03)24、笙诗二、简答1、《蒹葭》的章法特点是什么,有什么作用。

(徐州师大古代文学03)3、《诗经》的编定成书有哪几种说法?其各自的依据是什么?《诗经》在汉代的流传情况如何?(徐州师大古代文学05)4、简论〈离骚〉对〈诗经〉比兴手法的开拓。

(苏州大学古代文学03)5、与《诗经》相比,《楚辞》在艺术表现方面有哪些特色。

(苏州大学古代文学04)6、你是怎样看待《诗经》艺术成就及其影响的。

(南京师大古代文学03)7、《庄子·养生主》中文惠君曰:“吾闻庖丁之言,得养生焉。

(完整版)复旦大学中文系研究生历年考题

(完整版)复旦大学中文系研究生历年考题

复旦1996年中国古代文学史考研试题一、文史常识填空1、《诗经》本为(311)篇,其中笙诗(6)篇,有声无辞,故现存(305)篇,是我国最早的一部诗歌总集。

2、《史记》的五种体例是(本纪、世家、列传、书、表);其记事断限上自传说中的(黄帝)时期,下迄汉(武)帝时期。

3、“竹林七贤”:《魏氏春秋》言(阮籍、嵇康、阮咸、刘伶、山涛、向秀、王戎)七人“相与友善,游于竹林,号为七贤。

”4、“唐宋八大家”分别指唐代的(韩愈、柳宗元)和宋代的(苏辙、苏洵、苏轼、曾巩、王安石、欧阳修)。

5、“一祖三宗”,元代方回撰《瀛奎律髓》崇奉江西诗派,倡“一祖三宗”之说。

其以(杜甫)为一祖,(黄庭坚、陈与义、陈师道)为三宗。

二、标点古文并译成今文今之君子则不然其贵人也详其待己也废详故人难于为善廉故自取也少己未有善曰我善是是亦足异己未有能曰我能是是亦足矣外以欺于人内以欺于心未少有德而止矣是不亦待于己者已廉手其于人也曰彼虽能是其于人也曰彼虽能是其人不足称也彼虽善是其用不足称也举其一不计其十究其旧不图其新恐恐然惟俱其人之有闻也是不亦贵于人者己详手夫是谓不以众人待其身而以圣人望于人吾未见其尊己也三、阐述题1、有学者言:“建安七子与竹林七贤,前后遥相对照,是一件值得注意的事,其间却有一点重要的差别。

”(刘大杰《中国文学发展史》)试诉其“差别”之所在。

2、简述黄庭坚的诗歌创作主张及其艺术风格。

3、陆机《文赋》有言:“恒患意不称物,文不逮意。

”请解释“意”“物”“文”三者内涵及其相互关系。

复旦1998年中国古代文学史考研试题一、写出下列文士并称中各人的姓名1、三曹(曹操、曹丕、曹植)2、建安七子(孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢)3、竹林七贤(阮籍、嵇康、阮咸、刘伶、山涛、向秀、王戎)4、初唐四杰(王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王)5、唐宋八大家(韩愈、柳宗元、苏辙、苏洵、苏轼、曾巩、王安石、欧阳修)6、苏门四学士(黄庭坚、秦观、张耒、晁补之)7、三袁(袁宗道、袁宏道、袁中道)二、写出下列作品集的作者姓名1、谢宣城集(谢朓);2、庾子山集(庾信);3、王右丞集(王维);4、杜工部集(杜甫);5、樊川文集(杜牧);6、樊南文集(李商隐);7、剑南诗稿(陆游)8、稼轩长短句(辛弃疾);9、遗山先生集(元好问);10、震川先生集(归有光);11、惜抱轩全集(姚鼐);12、定盦全集(龚自珍)三、名词解释1、赋比兴(诗六义之三。

复旦大学 复旦 1995-1998、2000、2003-2005(2005回忆)中外文学与文艺理论 考研真题及答案解析

复旦大学 复旦 1995-1998、2000、2003-2005(2005回忆)中外文学与文艺理论 考研真题及答案解析

1995年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题报考专业:文艺学、中国现当代文学考试科目:中外文学和文艺理论(共1页)一、简述关汉卿杂剧的艺术特色。

(25分)二、以巴尔扎克作品为例,试论法国批判现实主义文学的基本特点。

(25分)三、试论文学的社会功能。

(20分)四、简论艺术形象。

(30分)1996年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题报考专业:文艺学、中国现当代文学考试科目:中外文学和文艺理论(共1页)一、魏晋南北朝文学的基本思想特点。

(30分)二、结合文学形象阿Q分析文学典型的基本特征。

(30分)三、简析莎士比亚悲剧作品《哈姆雷特》的人文主义主题。

(20分)四、你以为“深入生活”这一文学创作主张是否过时?为什么?(20分)1997年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题报考专业:文艺学、比较文学考试科目:中外文学和文艺理论(共1页)一、简论《三国演义》艺术的成就与不足。

(25分)二、简论世界文学对中国现代新文学的影响。

(25分)三、简论莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》。

(20分)四、简论“美学的观点和历史的观点”。

(30分)1998年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题报考专业:文艺学、中国现当代文学、比较文学考试科目:中外文学和文艺理论(共1页)一、填空题(20分,每小题4分)1.《随园诗话》的作者_______,在该书中,作者提出的核心观点是______说。

2.在唐代诗人中,被称为“初唐四杰”的是______、_____、_______、______。

3.问世于十九世纪的《高老头》是______的长篇小说,与作者所所创作的其它小说一起 被称为_______。

4.莎士比亚(1564-1616)在其创作的第二时期创作了四大悲剧,它们是_____、_____、 _______、________。

5.在十七世纪的德国曾发生了莱比锡派与屈黎西派的古今之争,这场论争的焦点德国文 学应以哪国文学为楷模,以______还是______来指导文学创作。

2011年复旦大学(809)中外文学与文艺理论科目真题(精确版)

2011年复旦大学(809)中外文学与文艺理论科目真题(精确版)

2011年复旦大学(809)中外文学与文艺理论科目真题(精确版)
中外文学部分
一、名词解释。

1. 冯至《十四行诗》
2. 魔幻现实主义
3. 花间集
二、简单题。

1. 简述曹禺戏剧创作对西方戏剧的借鉴和创新。

2. 简述卢梭对欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响。

三、论述题。

1. 近现代德语文学一直以精神探索为鲜明的特色,以两个具体作家为例(如歌德,席勒,托马斯·曼,赫尔曼·黑塞,卡夫卡,里尔克,也可选取其他),阐述你对德语文学这一特征的理解。

中国文学中是否有类似的传统,以两个具体作家为例加以说明。

2. 以具体作家作品为例,谈谈你对20世纪中国文学语言变革的理解,以及它的成绩或不足。

(此题前面有段不长的引言,大致意思是,白话文的运用成为20世纪文学的主流,但它不是新文学运动的独创,自宋代话本以来白话文创作就取得了一定成就。


文艺理论部分
四、名词解释。

1. 《沧浪诗话》
2. 文学话语
3. 客观批评
五、简单题。

1. 简述文学文本和文献的区别。

2. 简述文学起源“游戏说”的基本思想内涵和主要理论得失。

六、论述题。

1. 举例说明文学知识得以生成的基本环节。

2. 文学的历时研究意味着两种需要:“历史性”和“特殊性”,如果再引入“文化整合”的需要,文学的历时研究会引起何种相应的变化?请以书面文学或口头文学为例加以理论说明。

复旦英美文学考研真题

复旦英美文学考研真题

复旦英美文学考研真题复旦大学英美文学考研真题是英美文学专业考试中的重要一环。

本文将从考试历年的题目中选取几道典型的考题,供考生参考借鉴,助力考生在考试中取得好成绩。

一、论述Virginia Woolf的小说创作风格和思想内涵Virginia Woolf是20世纪英国文坛的一位杰出女作家,她的小说创作风格独特,思想内涵深刻。

首先,她以内心流动的方式叙述故事,运用心理学的手法展示人物内心世界。

通过叙述角色的内心独白和意识流的技巧,她创造了独特的叙事风格。

其次,她关注女性问题,尤其是对女性社会地位和自由意志的思考。

她通过小说中的女性角色,揭示了社会对女性的束缚和歧视,呼吁女性应该追求自我解放。

此外,她对时间和空间的处理也颇具特色,常常将故事情节设置在一天或者一段时间内,通过研究人物在这短暂时间内的思想和行为,探讨人类存在的意义和时间的流逝。

总之,Virginia Woolf的小说创作风格独特,思想内涵深刻,对英国现代小说的发展产生了重要影响。

二、比较分析Emily Dickinson和Walt Whitman的诗歌创作特点Emily Dickinson和Walt Whitman是19世纪美国著名的诗人,他们的诗歌创作风格截然不同,但都在美国文学史上占有重要地位。

Emily Dickinson的诗歌以简洁、直观的语言表达内心的情感和思考,她善于用简短的语句捕捉瞬间的美好和生活的哲理。

她的诗歌常常带有一种独特的抒情情感,描绘出一个纷繁复杂的内心世界。

与之相比,Walt Whitman的诗歌风格更加宏大、激情洋溢,他运用自由诗体、长句和长行来表达对自然、人类和社会的热爱和关怀。

他的诗歌充满力量和冲击力,给人深深的触动。

总的来说,Emily Dickinson和Walt Whitman的诗歌创作风格各有特点,但都体现了美国文学的独特魅力。

三、探讨T.S. Eliot的诗歌中的文化与宗教因素T.S. Eliot是20世纪英美文坛的重要诗人之一,他的诗歌中融入了丰富的文化和宗教元素。

2012年复旦大学中外文学与艺术理论809考研真题回忆版

2012年复旦大学中外文学与艺术理论809考研真题回忆版

2012年复旦809中外文学与文艺理论试题一.名词解释(每题5分)1.萧红2.公安派3.审美意象4.总体文学5. 远大前程6.二.简述题(每题10分)1.沈从文的散文对中国古典散文的继承。

2.结合具体作品简述贝克特小说和戏剧的特色。

3.简述西方诗史之争及其内涵。

4.简述老子“大音希声”及庄子“至乐无乐”的内涵。

三.论述题(每题20分)1.但丁的《神曲》以其意旨高远、结构宏伟、博大精深而著世,你认为中国是否有类似的作品,若有,请比较论述之。

2.结合《金瓶梅》的人物、环境述其特色。

有人称其有自然主义描写倾向请结合西方自然主义文学具体作品论述之。

3.题大致内容是先引用了一句一位西方著名学者的观点:西方美学和哲学关系紧密之类云云。

结合上述观点试论述中国当代美学流派(例举其中一派即可)。

4.结合文学史论述创造性误读的合适性(大意是如此,考察的也即解释学与接受理论内容)。

名词解释尚缺两题,望后来者补充。

以前总疑惑为什么鲜有人上传考题,如今算是明白了。

考的好的无暇顾此,差者重忆试题不谛是种折磨,与触景伤景不二。

我属于后者,不过成绩出来后,一切尘埃落定,此情此景也淡了。

论坛已有童鞋在复旦板块里上传了文学语言综合知识705,然似缺此一门,是补之。

随附若干个人失败经验,仅供参考。

如有雷同,纯属巧合。

1.基础和综合应用并重。

基础者如汉字形体演变、成语来源、丁玲和史铁生的创作历程、存在主义文学艺术特征等。

综合类如沈从文的散文对中国古典散文的继承、上述论述题1和2。

前者需准确熟记,后者要发散思路,比较分析,勾连古今、横向参照。

大抵前者对应名词解释和简答,后者对应论述题。

尤其是名词解释,是鸡肋,分不高不低,却极为重要,答不好会影响后面大题的发挥,沉痛教训之一也。

2.拒绝侥幸心理。

去年考张爱玲50年代后的创作,今年考丁玲,下次说不定是田汉。

历年真题有很大参考价值,但毋须过分膜拜。

举个例子,以前少有考西方古代文论史、中国文论以及中国古代文学的大题,今年却隆重推出“诗史之争”(我仅知道有这史实,但具体情况就无语了)、“至乐无乐”(还是有点偏)、古代文言小说和“文学”概念演变此类大题。

2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案【圣才出品】

2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案【圣才出品】

2014年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文学理论考研真题(回忆版)及部分答案一、名词解释1.民歌的本真性答:本真性一词源于希腊语的“authentes”,意为“权威者”或“某人亲手制作”。

尽管本真性是西方哲学中的一个重要概念,但它在20世纪60年代才进入文化研究的领域,彼时学界正开始对正典形构进行批评性反思。

民歌的本真性即原汁原味、本乡本土的民歌语言。

2.“有见识的读者”答:略。

3.叙事模式(童)答:叙事模式(narrative mode)是指在叙事作品中用于创造出一个故事传达者(即叙述者)形象的一套技巧和文字手段。

L.多莱泽尔根据:“第一,故事是由第三人称还是由第一人称叙述,第二,叙述者是否是行动的人物,第三,叙述者的主观态度以及对人对事的评价、评论是表达出来还是含而不露”这三条标准,划分出六种叙事模式。

这六种叙事模式分别为第三人称客观叙事模式,第三人称评述叙事模式,第三人称主观叙事模式,第一人称客观叙事模式,第一人称评述叙事模式,第一人称主观叙事模式。

4.“三言”、“二拍”答:三言二拍是明代五本著名传奇短篇小说集及拟话本集的合称。

“三言”即《喻世明言》、《警世通言》、《醒世恒言》的合称,作者为明代冯梦龙。

“二拍”则是中国拟话本小说集《初刻拍案惊奇》和《二刻拍案惊奇》的合称,作者凌蒙初。

“三言”包容了旧本的汇辑和新著的创作,是我国白话短篇小说在说唱艺术的基础上,经过文人的整理加工到文人进行独立创作的开始。

它的出现,标志着古代白话短篇小说整理和创作高潮的到来。

同时也标志着王阳明心学理论在民间的广泛流传。

5.郁达夫答:郁达夫,浙江富阳人,中国现代著名小说家、散文家、诗人。

郁达夫在文学创作上主张“文学作品,都是作家的自叙传”,因此,他常常把个人的生活经历作为小说和散文的创作的素材,在作品中毫不掩饰地勾勒出自己的思想感情、个性和人生际遇,另有一些作品通过知识分子的视角反映处于社会底层民众的疾苦,表现了对劳苦大众的同情和关怀。

复旦大学中文系考研808历年真题

复旦大学中文系考研808历年真题

2015 年中国古代与现当代文学试题 古代文学部分 一、名词解释 (5*3) 1.逸诗 2.大手笔 3.花部 二、简答题(一下各题与原题有出入,大意一致)(10*2) 1.简述子部和论说文的关系 2.古体诗到近体诗的演化过程中的各种因素 三、论述题(20*2) 1.文学经典化的手段、作用和局限 2.从宋代开始,文学与城市的关系越来越密切,请举例说明
现当代部分 1.新文化运动与文学革命的再认识 2.谈谈你对“二周”(鲁迅和周作人)传统的认识 3.穆旦在中国新诗史上的贡献与地位 4.结合莫言的创作,谈谈你对当代文学三十年的认识。
闻一多先生曾经在《文学的历史动向》中说“我们只觉得明清两代关于诗的那许多运动 和争论,都是无味的挣扎。每一度挣扎的失败,无非重新证实一遍那挣扎的徒劳无益而已。 本来从西周唱到北宋,足足二千年的工夫也够长的了,可能的调子都已唱完了。到此,中国 文学史可能不必再写,假如不是两种外来的文艺形式——小说与戏剧,早在旁边静候着,准 备届时上前来“接力”。是的,中国文学史的路线南宋起便转向了,从此以后是小说戏剧的时 代。”结合你对文学史的认识,分析闻一多先生的评论。 五、标点下文
中国古代文学深受儒、释、道三教的影响。结合三教各举一例(体裁任意),并分析其 中儒教、释教和道教之影响所在。
现代文学部分 75 分 一、填空题 中国第一部白话戏剧《终身大事》的作者_____。 叶绍均在《小说月报》中称赞“替新诗的音节开了一个新的纪元”的作者是_____,作品是_____。 胡风所开创的重要文学流派_____。 《寒夜》的作者是______。 二、简答题 1、郁达夫 20 年代自叙传体小说特点。 2、老舍小说是如何体现“都市文明病”的? 三、论述题 赵树理作品中的农民形象对鲁迅作品中农民形象有何种继承与发展?

2003-2009复旦文史哲考博真题

2003-2009复旦文史哲考博真题

2003复旦博士入学中文系、古籍所各专业文史哲试卷题目该卷适用于古代文学、文艺理论、比较文学、现当代文学、语言学、中国古典文献学等该卷适用于古代文学、文艺理论、比较文学、现当代文学、语言学、中国古典文献学等 六个方向。

六个方向。

一、名词解释:(6*5=30分)分)相对真理相对真理 文字文字 资治通鉴资治通鉴 新感觉派新感觉派 五经五经 元杂剧元杂剧二、填空(1*15=15分)分)1、反映论是_________的认识论。

的认识论。

2、意识和物质的相互关系体现人的____________。

3、《文赋》和《诗品》作者《文赋》和《诗品》作者4、乾嘉学派发生年代、乾嘉学派发生年代5。

同光体发生年代。

同光体发生年代6。

三言是指_______________________________ 7。

甲骨文以前的成体系文字是_____________ 8。

______________是语言的最小单位。

是语言的最小单位。

9。

梅希金是陀斯妥耶夫斯基_________________中的主角。

中的主角。

10。

卡来班是莎士比亚_______________中的主角。

中的主角。

11。

汉语和藏语属于汉藏语系。

汉语和藏语属于汉藏语系。

(??啥意思??)12。

前四史是指___________________________ 三。

选择(1*10=10分)选项略掉了!分)选项略掉了!1。

偶然性和必然性的关系。

偶然性和必然性的关系2。

词汇的定义是。

词汇的定义是3。

古代文字的表意性。

古代文字的表意性4。

黄巾起义确切年代。

黄巾起义确切年代5。

《通典》作者《通典》作者6。

哪部是巴金作品。

哪部是巴金作品7。

王立发是----的主人公。

的主人公。

8。

《等待戈多》主人公《等待戈多》主人公9。

一种现象引起另一种现象,这是---关系。

关系。

四。

问答(任选3题,每题15分)分)1。

为什么文字是记录语言的工具?。

为什么文字是记录语言的工具?2。

目录版本对古代文学研究的重要性。

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