专业英语-overview of engineering mechanics

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工程力学全英文Engineering Mechanics (2)

Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Statics
Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Statics
Fundamental Concepts of Statics
Force is the mechanical interaction between bodies that changes or tends to change the motion state or the shape of the body on which it acts.
opposite senses. Fifth Principle (Principle of Solidification)
C
The system will
move.
F If a freely deformable body (or body system)
subjected to the action of a force system is in M
without
changing
its
external
effect
on
a
rigid
body.
(Forces
are
sliding
vectors)
F
F F' F F
F
A
B
A
=
B
=
A
B
Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Statics
Third Principle (Principle of Force Parallelogram)
Fundamental Concepts and Principles of Statics

土木工程专业英语-单词

土木工程专业英语Ch 1Ch 2Ch 3Ch 4Ch 5 Ch 6Ch 7Ch 8Ch 9Ch 10 Ch 13Ch 17Ch 33Ch 39Ch 47Ch 1 Introduction to Mechanics of MaterialsWords and Expressionstorque扭矩, 转矩；扭转impose将……强加于，施加，强使composite合成的，复合的；复合材料，合成物sag下垂，凹陷deflect偏转，弯曲，下垂，倾斜excessively过多地，极度地misalignment不重合，安装误差，调整不当plaster灰泥，灰浆，涂层stiffness刚度，刚性，坚硬性constructor设计者，建造者，施工人员precedent先例，惯例；在先的，领先的contradistinction对比，截然相反，区别in contradistinction to M与M截然不同，不同于Mrational合理的，理性的，理论的，有理解能力的tension张力，拉力，拉伸；拉紧compression压缩，压力，凝缩indelible不能消除的，不可磨灭的，难忘的blended混合的，混杂的postulate假定，设定，先决条件，基本原理presume假定，推测，以为visualize观察，检验，（使）具体[形象，直观]化，设想，想象diagrammatic图解的，图表的，概略的，轮廓的diagrammatic sketch示意图dividend股息，利息，收获aerodynamic空气动力的，气动的Ch 2 Overview of Engineering MechanicsWords and Expressionsceramics陶瓷，陶瓷材料perceive感觉，觉察，发觉，领会，理解，看出inertia惯性，惯量，惰性lifetime使用寿命，使用期限，持续时间，生存期interactive相互作用的，相互影响的，交互的iterative反复的，迭代的，重复的durability耐久性，持久性，耐用期限pinpoint针尖；极精确的，细致的；准确定位，正确指出，确认，强调evolve开展，发展，研究出，（结果试验研究等）得出substance物质，材料，内容，要点，梗概lucrative可获得的，赚钱的，有利的statics静力学strength of materials材料力学deformation变形，形变，畸变dynamic动力的，动力学的，冲击的appreciate正确评价，理解，体会到，懂得(be) inherent in 为……所固有，是……的固有性质false假的，不真实的，似是而非的render提出，给予，描绘，表现tractable易处理的，易加工的prohibitive禁止的，抑制的，起阻止作用的meld融合，汇合、组合，合并，归并order of magnitude数量级influx流入，涌进，汇集，灌注Ch 3 Stress-Strain Relationship of MaterialsWords and Expressions distortion变形，挠曲，扭曲，歪曲thousandth第一千的，千分之一的boring machine镗床boom吊杆，起重杆，悬臂；繁荣，兴旺dragline拉铲挖土机，挖掘斗gray cast iron灰铸铁concrete具体的，坚实的，混凝土的；混凝土modulus of elasticity弹性模量rigidity刚性，刚度，稳定性slip滑动，滑移，打滑creep爬行，蠕变，徐变yield产生，屈服于；屈服，弯曲rupture破裂，断裂，破坏Ch 4 Stress Limits in DesignWords and Expressions withstand抵抗，经受，耐得住，顶得住springy有弹性的，似弹簧的diving跳水的，潜水，潜水的subjective主观的；主观事物turbulent骚动的，湍流的，汹涌的decimal小数的，以十为基础的；小数slip滑动，疏忽，遗漏tolerance公差，容许极限，容许间隙coffee break休息，喝咖啡的时间（通常为十五分钟）crash崩溃，毁损lubricate润滑，起润滑作用safety factor安全系数diligence勤奋，勤劳，努力，注意enviable可羡慕的instill浸染，逐渐灌输humility谦卑ethical伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的legal法律的，合法的，法定的Ch 5 Load ClassificationWords and Expressions load carry capacity承载能力unprecedented无先例的，史无前例的，崭新的terminology专用名词，术语，词汇sustain支撑，支持，持续，保持helical螺旋面，螺线，螺旋状的helical spring螺旋形弹簧concentrated集中的，浓缩的distribute分布，分发，散布resultant合成的，综合的，总的；合力centroid矩心，质心，重心，行心torsional扭的，转的bending挠曲，弯曲，扭弯flexural弯曲的，挠性的couple对，爽，力偶，力矩Ch 6 Testing of MaterialsWords and Expressions destruction破坏，破裂，毁坏non-load-bearing非承重，不承重durability耐久性，持久性，使用年限brittle脆的，脆性的ASTM美国材料试验学会BSI英国标准学会SAA澳大利亚标准学会passage通过，行程，一段，一节plastic deformation塑性变形minute微小的，细微的，精密的，细致的moisture content含水量timber木材，木料；用木材建造veracity诚实，真实性，准确性，精确性ready-mixed concrete预拌混凝土building contractor建筑承包商hydraulic press水压机grading分等，分级，分类，级配fatigue疲劳ductility可延展性，延度，韧性toughness韧性，韧度stress-strain curve应力-应变曲线deduce推断，推定，导出，演绎Ch 7 Durability of ConcreteWords and Expressions durable耐久的，经久的，永久性的；耐用的物品durability耐久性，经久性，耐用年限chloride氯化物，漂白粉sulphate硫酸盐alkali碱，碱性，强碱absorption吸收，吸取，吸水性permeability渗透性，透气性，渗透deterioration变坏，变质，损坏，损伤weathering风化（作用，层），自然老化，大气侵蚀disruptive分裂的，摧毁的，破坏的thaw使融化，解冻，熔化entrain携带，传输，使（空气）以气泡状存于混凝土中，产生leaching浸出，浸析作用，浸滤，溶析carbonation碳化作用，碳酸盐化blasting破裂，吹风，气流加速运动，喷砂attrition磨损，磨耗，损耗hydraulic水力的，水压的；水力cavity空腔，空穴，孔穴，洞穴cavitation气蚀，空蚀，空化作用impermeability不渗透性，防水性，气密性hydraulic structure水工建筑物pervious透水的，透光的，有孔的，能通过的aggregate集料，骨料，总计，合计homogeneous均质的，均匀的，单相的compact紧密的，密实的；压实，捣实kerb路缘，道牙，建筑物上的边饰air-entrained concrete加气混凝土Ch 8 Durability of Building MaterialsWords and Expressionsglaze釉面，珐琅质，上釉，半透明薄涂层stainless steel不锈钢galvanize电镀，镀锌于gutter排水沟，水槽，漏斗plaster灰泥，灰浆humidity湿度，湿气，水分含量thaw融化，解冻，使缓和；温暖气候porous多孔的，疏松的，有孔的，可透水的spectrum谱，频谱，领域，范围，各种各样infrared红外的，产生红外辐射的；红外线ultraviolet紫外的，紫外线的；紫外线辐射radiation发射，辐射，照射，放射线gravel砾石，沙砾，石子，卵石fade衰减，（使）褪色，逐渐消失anodized受过阳极化处理的（金属表面）hydrate水合物；（使）成水合物reinforcement加强，加固，钢筋，构架spall剥落，散裂，裂开；裂片，碎片carpet地毯，磨耗层；铺毡，铺毯，铺层erosion侵蚀，腐蚀，冲刷，冲蚀abrasion磨损，磨耗，磨蚀quarry方形砖，方形瓦domestic家庭的，民用的，地方的，局部的passive被动的，消极的，无源的eddy（水，风，尘等的）涡流，漩涡运动Ch 9 Reinforcing Steels for ConcreteWords and Expressions reinforcing steel钢筋reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土reinforcing bar钢筋longitudinal长度的，纵向的，轴向的dispose处置，安排，配置，布置incline倾斜，弄斜，有……倾向moment力矩，弯矩，转矩，动量bond结合，结合力，粘合力，握裹；结合，粘结interlock连动，连结，结合，相互关系forestall阻止，预防，占先，先下手corrosion腐蚀，侵蚀，锈impair削弱，损害，减少embed放入，埋入，埋置，嵌入prestressing steel预应力钢筋rebar = reinforcing bar 钢筋splice拼接，联接，连接，接合；拼接，接头congestion充满，拥挤，密集form模板ACI美国混凝土学会(American Concrete Institute)Code法规，规程，规范Galvanize电镀，镀锌于Ch 10 ReinforcementWords and Expressions undue过度的，过分的，不相称的，不适当的BS英国标准(British Standard)bending machine弯筋机mandrel芯棒，心轴，紧轴jig夹具，夹紧装置，模具dowel榫钉，夹缝钉，暗销，传力杆，合缝钢条，外伸的短钢筋wire clip钢丝剪interweave使交织，交叉，织进，使混杂prefix词头，字首，前缀；加在……前头reference number参考号数formwork样板，模板，模壳，支模mill scale热轧钢表面的氧化皮spacer隔离物，垫片，隔板，定位架，横柱clip夹子，支架，夹板，剪刀；夹住，钳劳，固定slab板，块，楼板cradle吊架，托架，支架chair椅子，托架，座板，垫板spall剥落，散裂，裂开，分裂；裂片；碎片mild steel低碳钢comply同意，遵守，履行，根据tack图钉，平头钉，点焊焊缝；定位焊，绑住Ch 13 Design of Simple StructuresWords and Expressions code法典，法规，规程，规范，代码ordinance规格，条例，法令，布告shell壳，壳体，外壳skeleton骨架，框架（的）suspended structure悬吊结构arena圆剧场，表演场，活动舞台feasibility可行性，可能性，现实性joist梁，搁栅，桁条diaphragm膜，隔膜，隔板，遮光板，遮水板pedestrian行人，步行者；行人的，步行的deck bridge上承桥，跨线桥through bridge下承桥chord弦，弦杆，弦长bracing拉条，撑条，支撑，支柱pony小型的，矮的web-girder腹板大梁box-girder箱梁geological地质的，地质学的geographical地理学的，地理上的，地区的aesthetic美术的，美学的Ch 17 Loading ConditionsWords and Expressions concentrated集中的，浓缩的impose将……强加于，强使，施加，产生影响acceleration加速度，加速度值stochastic随机的，不确定的，偶然的provision预备，措施，规定，条款erection安装，装配，建设prestress预加应力于，预应力，预拉伸plaster灰泥，墁灰，墙粉，灰浆merchandise商品，货物seismic地震的，与地震有关的collision碰撞，冲突single load集中荷载Ch 33 Tall Building StructureWords and Expressions civilization文明，开化，文化ecclesiastical基督教会的，教士的landmark路标，界标，界桩，里程碑prestige威信，声誉mobility可动性，机动性，流动性，迁移topographical地形的，地形测量的，地志的subservient辅助性的，只作为一种手段的tax税，负担，压力；使负重担，使受压力ingenuity巧妙，机敏，创造性，才干shear wall core剪力墙筒体parasitic派生的，附加的radical根本的，基本的，主要的erection树立，建立，安装，建设prefabrication预制，预制品slip-formwork滑膜crane起重机；用起重机起吊sprawl蔓生，展开，散开，扩展，（无计划）延伸codify编成法典，编纂，整理Ch 39 FoundationsWords and Expressions superstructure上层结构，上部结构earth fill土堤substructure下部结构，下层建筑，基础工事demarcation分界线，标界，划界，区分demarcation line界线，边界线interfacing交界的，相邻的，相互联系的；接口技术dilemma困境，进退两难statute法令，法规，规定，条例conservative保守的，有裕量的；谨慎的sanitary环境卫生的，清洁的sanitary fill垃圾堆积场reclamation废料回收，改造，垦殖，填筑disposal处理，整理，清理，处置client委托人，当事人，买方，买主boring钻探，打眼，地质钻孔试验mat席，垫，垫块，钢筋网，垫层caisson沉箱soil profile土壤剖面，土层剖面Ch 47 BridgesWords and Expressions esthetically美学地，审美地cable-stayed斜拉的，张拉的girder梁，桁，梁杆cast-in-place现场浇注的，就地浇注的AASHTO美国洲际公路及运输工作者协会AREA美国铁路工程师协会crossing交叉，十字路口，交叉建筑物asphalt沥青，柏油，铺路用沥青混合料pier桥墩elevated高架的，高的；高架铁路viaduct高架桥，跨线桥clearance间隙，净空，间距，距离segment部分，段。

工程机械专业英语

Analysis of English Operation Manual for Construction Machinery
分析操作步骤
英文版的建筑机械操作手册通常会详细描述设备的操作步骤，需要对其进行分析以便正确地操作设备。
理解安全警告和注意事项
建筑机械操作手册中通常包含安全警告和注意事项，需要理解这些内容以确保操作安全。
互动交流与讨论
组织学生进行互动交流和讨论，让他们在实际交流中提高英语听力水平。可以安排学生分组讨论，分享各自的理解和观点，促进彼此之间的学习与进步。
English Writing for
05 Engineering Machinery
Write English work reports and fault analysis reports
Simulate engineering machinery work scenarios for oral practice
模拟工程机械设备工作场景进行口语练习
通过模拟实际工作中可能遇到的各种场景，如设备安装、调试、维修等，让学生在实际操作中提高英语口语表达能力。
角色扮演与互动讨论
组织学生进行角色扮演，模拟真实的工作环境，让他们在实际交流中提高英语听说能力。同时，通过互动讨论的方式，鼓励学生积极参与，提高他们的沟通技巧。
Repair
The process of fixing or replacing broken or damaged parts of machinery.
Common abbreviations in the construction machinery industry
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer (Original Equipment Manufacturer)

英语课程中的机械工程与制造业词汇

英语课程中的机械工程与制造业词汇在学习英语的过程中，掌握相关专业词汇是非常重要的。

本文将介绍一些在机械工程与制造业领域常用的英语词汇，帮助读者扩展词汇量，提高专业能力。

1. Mechanical Engineering（机械工程）- Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that involves the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems.2. Manufacturing（制造业）- Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into finished products through various methods such as machining, forming, and assembly.3. Automation（自动化）- Automation is the use of control systems and technology to operate and control machinery and processes with minimal human intervention.4. Robotics（机器人技术）- Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots.5. CAD/CAM（计算机辅助设计与制造）- CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) refer to the use of computer technology to assist in the design and manufacturing processes.6. Precision machining（精密加工）- Precision machining refers to the process of removing material from a workpiece to create a precise and accurate final product.7. CNC（Computer Numerical Control，计算机数控）- CNC is a manufacturing process that uses computer control to operate machinery, such as milling machines and lathes, to produce highly precise and complex parts.8. 3D printing（三维打印）- 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects by layering materials based on a digital model.9. Quality Control（质量控制）- Quality control is the process of ensuring that products or services meet specified requirements and standards.10. Assembly line（装配线）- An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which a product is constructed by a series of workstations, with each workstation performing a specific task.11. Material Science（材料科学）- Material science is the study of the properties and behavior of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites.12. Thermodynamics（热力学）- Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, energy, and work.13. Fluid Mechanics（流体力学）- Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids (liquids and gases) behave and interact with forces.14. Finite Element Analysis（有限元分析）- Finite element analysis isa numerical method used to study the behavior of structures and systems under various conditions.15. Lean Manufacturing（精益生产）- Lean manufacturing is a systematic approach to minimizing waste and improving efficiency in the manufacturing process.以上是关于机械工程与制造业领域常用的一些英语词汇。

4 overview of engineering mechanics

Lesson 4 Overview of Engineering Mechanics
• From the beams in our homes to the wings of an airplane, there must be an appropriate melding of materials, dimensions, and fastenings to produce structures that will perform their functions reliably for a reasonable cost over a reasonable lifetime. • In practice, engineering mechanics methods are used in two quite different ways: • (1) The development of any new device requires an interactive, iterative consideration of form, size, materials, loads, durability, safety, and cost. • (2) When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause of failure and to identify potential corrective measures. Our best designs often evolve through a successive elimination of weak points.
机械工程专业英语 English In Mechanical Engineering

机械工程专业英语精品PPT课件

专利检索资源荟萃（二）
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机械工程专业信息检索
ASME-American Society of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会 SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers美国汽车工程师协会 EI-Engineering Index工程索引 IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (美国)电机及电子工程师学会 IET-The Institution of Engineering and Technology英国工程技术学会（IET）系英国电气工程师学会（IEE）和英国企业工程师学会（IIE）于2006年初合并组建而成 NTIS-National Technical Information Service美国国家技术情报服务局 UMI-美国UMI公司，学位论文的信息服务（ProQuest ）。 ISO-International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织。

机械工程英语(Part1U)

Lathe - A machine tool that rotates a workpiece while cutting tools are applied to shape it.
Sander - A power tool used to sand or polish surfaces, often made of sandpaper or emery paper.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The law that states that entropy in a closed system always increases.
Combustion Thermodynamics
The study of the conversion of fuel into energy.
Mechanical Engineering English (Part 1)
目录
• Overview of Mechanical Engineering
• Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering
• English vocabulary for mechanical engineering
Fracture Mechanics The study of the failure of materials due to applied stress.
Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
The law that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.

机械工程专业英语精ppt课件

7.中国专利数据库检索系统：/Search/CN/
专利检索资源荟萃（二）
8.美国专利检索：/patft/index.html 9.欧洲专利检索：/ 10.从ESPACENET数据库提取世界各国专利文献的方法（国知局提供）： /sipo/wxfw/ytwggsjkjs/ytwzlsjkjs/ESPACENET.doc 11.欧洲专利局免费专利数据库（含欧洲各国家入口）： /access/index.en.htm 12.欧洲专利局专利数据高级检索（含欧洲、PCT和世界范围三个数据库）： /advancedSearch?locale=en_ep 13.欧洲专利法律状态查询：/portal/public/registerplus 14.PCT专利检索：http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/ 15.英国专利检索：/search/index.htm
专利检索资源荟萃（一）新！专利搜索网址：/ 1.因特网专利数据库介绍（中华人民共和国国家知识产权局）： /sipo//wxfw/ytwzlsukjs/ytwzlsjkjs/200508/t20050816_67485. htm
机械工程专业英语ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Subject-Based English for Mechanical Engineering
机械与电气工程学院
2020/4/27
教学要求及目的
了解专业英语的语法特点，熟悉专业词汇，逐步培养学生具有比较熟练的专业文献阅读理解能力、翻译能力和英文学术论文的写作能力。掌握国外英文专利和文献资料的查询方法，能以英语为工具，获取本专业所需信息。了解国际学术交流的常用表达方式。
Lesson 37 Milling Machines and Grinding Machines Lesson 38 Drilling Operations Lesson 44 Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes Lesson 62 The Computer and Manufacturing Lesson 63 Computers in Design and Manufacturing Lesson 64 Computer-Aided Analysis of Mechanical Systems Lesson 65 Computer-Aided Process Planning Lesson 66 Numerical Control Lesson 71 Industrial Robots Lesson 77 Technical Report Elements Lesson 78 Writing the Technical Report Extra lesson 1 English for International Academic Exchange Extra lesson 2 Expression of Numbers, Signs, Equations and Graphs in English Extra lesson 3 Professional Literature and Patent Retrieval

机械专业英语 (2)

机械专业英语1. Introduction机械工程是一门涉及机械设备和工具设计、制造、使用和维护的学科，是工程技术领域中的一个重要分支。

机械专业英语是机械工程学习中必不可少的一部分，它涉及到机械工程师需要掌握的英语词汇、专业术语、文档阅读和撰写技巧等方面。

本文将介绍一些常用的机械专业英语词汇和常用的表达方式，以帮助读者更好地掌握机械专业英语。

2. Mechanical Engineering Vocabulary以下是一些常用的机械工程专业词汇，可以帮助读者对机械工程领域的基本概念有更好的了解：•Mechanical Engineering（机械工程）: A discipline of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.•Engineer（工程师）: A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or public works.•CAD（计算机辅助设计）: Computer-Aided Design, a software tool used by engineers to create and modifymechanical designs.•CAM（计算机辅助制造）: Computer-Aided Manufacturing, a software tool used to controlmanufacturing processes.•CNC（计算机数控）: Computer Numerical Control,a method of controlling manufacturing machines usingcomputers.3. Common Expressions in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，有一些常用的表达方式，以下是一些示例：•According to the design specifications（根据设计规范）: Indicates that something is done in accordance with the design requirements.•The machine is in operation（机器正在运行）: Indicates that the machine is currently running andperforming its intended function.•The material is heat-treated（材料经过热处理）: Indicates that the material has undergone a specific heat treatment process for improved properties.•The system is experiencing mechanical failure（系统发生机械故障）: Indicates that the system is notfunctioning properly due to a mechanical issue.•The component needs to be lubricated regularly（零部件需要定期加润滑油）: Indicates that regularlubrication is required to ensure proper functioning of the component.4. Reading and Writing Documents in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，阅读和撰写文档是非常重要的技能。

施平机械工程专业英语教程

施平机械工程专业英语教程Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringChapter 1: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering- Definition and scope of mechanical engineering- Historical background and evolution of the field- Overview of various disciplines within mechanical engineering Chapter 2: Mechanics- Principles of mechanics, including statics and dynamics- Laws of motion and their applications- Analysis of forces and moments in mechanical systems Chapter 3: Thermodynamics- Basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics- Energy and heat transfer in mechanical systems- Analysis of thermodynamic cycles and processesChapter 4: Materials Science and Engineering- Properties and behavior of materials used in mechanical engineering- Material testing and characterization methods- Selection of materials for specific applicationsChapter 5: Fluid Mechanics- Fundamentals of fluid mechanics- Analysis of fluid flow and pressure distribution- Applications of fluid mechanics in mechanical systems Chapter 6: Heat Transfer- Modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)- Heat transfer analysis and calculations- Applications of heat transfer in mechanical systemsChapter 7: Energy Conversion and Power Systems- Energy conversion principles and devices- Analysis of power generation systems- Renewable energy sources and sustainabilityChapter 8: Machine Design and Control Systems- Design principles and methodologies for mechanical systems- Control systems and automation in mechanical engineering- Analysis and optimization of machine componentsChapter 9: Manufacturing Processes- Various manufacturing processes and methodologies- Machining, forming, casting, and joining processes- Quality control and inspection in manufacturingChapter 10: Engineering Ethics and Professionalism- Ethical considerations in engineering practice- Professional responsibility and accountability- Society and the engineer's role in sustainable development Chapter 11: Career Opportunities in Mechanical Engineering- Overview of career options and paths in mechanical engineering - Skills and qualities desired by employers- Professional organizations and resources for career advancement Chapter 12: Emerging Technologies in Mechanical Engineering- Trends and developments in the field of mechanical engineering - Introduction to advanced technologies like robotics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence- Potential impact of these technologies on the future of mechanical engineering.。

机械工程专业英语PPT课件

课外学习内容
通过学校图书馆网页上“电子资源”栏查询与自己研究方向相关的英文文献。重点是“EI工程索引（）”、“ELSEVIER （）”和“IEL（IEEE/IEE）（）” 通过“小木虫”、“科学网”、“学问社区”等网站查找专业英语学习资料，学习科学研究方法。学习使用参考文献的管理软件如EndNote。通过“google学术搜索（）”和“google 专利检索（/patents）”查询英文文献和英文专利。掌握一些在线翻译软件作为辅助工具。如“有道”。
2. A complete assembly that performs a specific function in a larger machine 传动装置：一套装置，在一个更大机工程专业英语教程》
14
V belt and pulley['puli] V带和带轮
2.中国专利检索：/sipo/zljs/
3.中国专利法律状态检索：/sipo/zljs/searchflzt.jsp
4.中国专利实施数据库（中国专利信息中心）： /aboutus/actualize/shishiku/tuiguang_edit.asp
7.中国专利数据库检索系统：/Search/CN/
专利检索资源荟萃（二）
8.美国专利检索：/patft/index.html 9.欧洲专利检索：/ 10.从ESPACENET数据库提取世界各国专利文献的方法（国知局提供）： /sipo/wxfw/ytwggsjkjs/ytwzlsjkjs/ESPACENET.doc 11.欧洲专利局免费专利数据库（含欧洲各国家入口）： /access/index.en.htm 12.欧洲专利局专利数据高级检索（含欧洲、PCT和世界范围三个数据库）： /advancedSearch?locale=en_ep 13.欧洲专利法律状态查询：/portal/public/registerplus 14.PCT专利检索：http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/ 15.英国专利检索：/search/index.htm

机械工程英语词汇

overview of engineering mechanics工程力学的概述basic concepts in mechanics力学的基本概念computer-aided design and manufacturing计算机辅助设计和制造quality and inspection质量和检验effect of reliability on product salability可靠性对产品畅销的影响dimensional tolerances and Surface roughness尺寸公差和表面粗糙度gear manufacturing methods齿轮制造方法machine tool机床machining机械加工introduction to machine design机械设计概述mechanisms机构rolling bearings滚动轴承.shafts and couplings轴和联轴器overview of engineering mechanics工程力学的概述basic concepts in mechanics力学的基本概念manufacturing processes制造工艺；生产流程cold-working machinery冷变形加工设备metal-processing method金属工艺方法a food-packaging machine食品包装机slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构parallel plane平行平面slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构angular velocity 角速度plane linkage平面连杆机构plane four-bar linkage 平面四连杆机构spatial linkage 空间连杆机构radial bearing 向心轴承thrust bearing 推力轴承angular contact bearing 角接触轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承thrust ball bearing 推力球轴承linear bearing 直线轴承load rating额定载荷frictional drag 摩擦阻力quantiy production 大批量生产through-harden 整体淬火bending deflection 弯曲变形flexible coupling 弹性联轴器stress concentration应力集中equivalent wad 当量载荷cold-rolled steel冷轧管corner (fillet)radius外(内)圆角半径cross section 横截面trosional strength扭转强度intensing of shock冲击强度order of magnitude数量级structural members结构部件strength of materials材料力学engineering mechanics工程力学critical speed临界速度detail drawing零件图assembly drawing 装配图mechanical drawing机械制图interference fit过盈配合transition fit过度配合clearance fit间隙配合finite element analysis有限元素分析critical speed临界速度journal bearing滚动轴承，向心滑动轴承rough machining粗加工finishing machining精加工size specation规格，规格尺寸stress concentration应力集中list of material物料清单tool path刀具轨迹material handling equipment物料搬运装备tooth flank齿面helical gear 斜齿轮gear shaping插齿gear hobbing滚齿internal gear内齿轮epicyclic gear行星齿轮spur gear直齿case harden 表面淬火form grinding 成形磨削heat tread 热处理surface roughness表面粗糙度unilateral tolerance 单向公差bilateral tolerance双向公差roll bearing 滚动轴承shaft bearing 轴承mechanic design机械设计drill press 钻床radial drill摇臂钻床machining allowance加工余量surface quality 表面质量pitch diameter 分度圆直径engine lathe 普通车床turret lathe转塔车床automatic acrew machine自动螺纹车床metal removal machine金属切削机床surface roughness 表面粗糙度method of remoing metal金属切削方法finishing parts精加工零件depth of cat 切削深度cross feed横向进给longitudinal feed纵向进给abrasive belt grinding砂带磨削horizontal spindle水平主轴vertical spindle立式主轴upper table上工作台lower table下工作台wheel head磨头reciprocating table 往复式工作台broaching machine 拉床peripheral speed圆周线速度feed rate进给速度jig borer坐标镗床jix and fixture夹具cutting operation切削工艺face rate 进给速度depth of cut 背吃刀量mumerical control数控high precision 高精度的slab milling 平面端洗face milling端面铣削universal dividing head 万能分度头carbide hobs硬质合金滚铣刀，硬质合金hydraulic struts液压柱gear blank齿轮毛坯resistant bedies承载能力。

大学机械专业英语教材

大学机械专业英语教材[注意：此文档按照教材格式撰写，供参考。

]Unit 1: Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringLesson 1: The Basics of Mechanical Engineering1.1 Definition and Scope of Mechanical EngineeringMechanical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies principles of physics and materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It encompasses various areas such as mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and materials engineering.1.2 Historical Overview of Mechanical EngineeringMechanical engineering has been an essential field since ancient times, with notable contributions from cultures such as the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese. The Industrial Revolution marked a significant milestone for mechanical engineering, leading to the development of steam engines, machine tools, and the mechanization of various industries.Lesson 2: Engineering Materials2.1 Introduction to Engineering MaterialsEngineering materials play a crucial role in mechanical engineering applications. They can be classified into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites based on their chemical composition and properties. Understanding the characteristics and behavior of materials is essential for designing reliable and efficient mechanical systems.2.2 Mechanical Properties of MaterialsMechanical properties describe how materials respond to external forces or loads. Key properties include strength, stiffness, hardness, toughness, and ductility. These properties dictate the performance and suitability of a material for specific applications in mechanical engineering.Lesson 3: Mechanics3.1 Newton's Laws of MotionNewton's laws of motion form the foundation of classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Understanding these laws is crucial for analyzing the behavior of mechanical systems and designing mechanisms that operate efficiently and safely.3.2 Statics and DynamicsStatics involves the study of forces acting on stationary objects or systems in equilibrium, while dynamics focuses on the motion of objects under the influence of forces. Statics and dynamics principles are fundamental in mechanical engineering, enabling engineers to analyze and predict the behavior of mechanical systems in various scenarios.Unit 2: ThermodynamicsLesson 1: Basics of Thermodynamics1.1 Introduction to ThermodynamicsThermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy. It plays a vital role inmechanical engineering, as it enables engineers to analyze and optimize energy conversion and utilization processes in mechanical systems.1.2 Laws of ThermodynamicsThe laws of thermodynamics establish fundamental principles governing energy transfer and transformation. The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted. The second law introduces the concept of entropy and establishes limitations on the efficiency of energy conversion processes. The third law relates to the behavior of matter as it approaches absolute zero temperature.Lesson 2: Thermodynamic Cycles2.1 Carnot CycleThe Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that operates between two temperature reservoirs, a high-temperature source, and a low-temperature sink. It serves as a benchmark to determine the maximum efficiency that any heat engine operating between the same temperature limits can achieve.2.2 Rankine CycleThe Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle commonly used in power plants to convert heat into mechanical work. It involves the expansion of a working fluid in a turbine, followed by condensation in a condenser and compression in a pump. The Rankine cycle is widely used in steam power plants.Unit 3: Fluid MechanicsLesson 1: Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics1.1 Introduction to Fluid MechanicsFluid mechanics is the study of fluids and how they behave under various conditions. It encompasses both liquids and gases and is essential in understanding the behavior of fluids in mechanical systems such as pumps, turbines, and pipelines.1.2 Properties of FluidsFluids exhibit unique properties such as viscosity, density, pressure, and temperature. These properties govern fluid flow behavior and are crucial in the design and analysis of fluid systems.Lesson 2: Fluid Statics and Dynamics2.1 Fluid StaticsFluid statics deals with the study of fluid behavior at rest or in equilibrium. It involves analyzing pressure distribution, buoyancy forces, and stability conditions of floating or submerged objects.2.2 Fluid DynamicsFluid dynamics focuses on the motion of fluids and involves the study of fluid flow patterns, velocity, pressure distribution, and forces exerted by fluids on solid surfaces. Understanding fluid dynamics is vital in designing efficient hydraulic systems, aerodynamics, and fluid power systems.Note: The above content is a brief example of the format and topics that could be covered in a university-level mechanical engineering Englishtextbook. The actual content and structure of such a textbook may vary depending on the curriculum and educational standards of the institution.。

《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译

机械工程专业英语教程第一课：机械工程简介Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringSection 1: OverviewMechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses the design, development, and operation of machinery, structures, and systems. This branch of engineering plays a crucial role in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and energy.Section 2: Responsibilities and SkillsAs a mechanical engineer, your responsibilities will include designing and analyzing mechanical systems, conducting tests and experiments, and supervising the manufacturing process. You will also need to have a strong understanding of physics, mathematics, and computer-aided design (CAD). Additionally, problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in teams are essential.Section 3: Career OpportunitiesA degree in mechanical engineering can open up a wide range of career opportunities. You could work in research and development, product design, manufacturing, or projectmanagement. Mechanical engineers are in demand in almost every industry, ensuring a stable and rewarding career path.Section 4: University CoursesTo become a mechanical engineer, it is essential to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering from a reputable university. The curriculum typically includes courses in engineering principles, materials science, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical design. Additionally, practical training through internships or cooperative education programs is crucial for gaining hands-on experience.Section 5: ConclusionMechanical engineering offers a challenging and rewarding career for those with a passion for solving problems and a desire to create innovative solutions. With the right education and skills, you can embark on a successful journey in the field of mechanical engineering. Remember, the possibilities are endless in this ever-evolving discipline.第二课：机械设计基础Fundamentals of Mechanical DesignSection 1: IntroductionIn this lesson, we will explore the fundamentals of mechanical design. Mechanical design involves the creation and development of physical systems and components that meet specific requirements and specifications. This processrequires a deep understanding of materials, mechanics, and engineering principles.Section 2: Design ProcessThe design process typically follows a systematic approach that includes several stages. These stages include problem identification, conceptual design, detailed design, manufacturing, and testing. Each stage involves various activities such as brainstorming, prototyping, and evaluation.Section 3: Design ConsiderationsDuring the design process, there are several important considerations to keep in mind. These include functionality, efficiency, reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is also crucial to consider the environmental impact and sustainability of the design.Section 4: Tools and SoftwareTo aid in the design process, engineers use various tools and software. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows for precise modeling and simulation of mechanical systems. Finite element analysis (FEA) software helps in analyzing the structural integrity and performance of designs.Section 5: Case StudyTo further understand the application of mechanical design principles, we will examine a case study. This real-world example will demonstrate how the design process isimplemented to solve a specific problem and achieve desired outcomes.Section 6: ConclusionMechanical design is a critical aspect of mechanical engineering. It requires a combination of creativity, technical knowledge, and attention to detail. By mastering the fundamentals of mechanical design, you will be well-equippedto tackle complex challenges and contribute to the development of innovative solutions.以上是《机械工程专业英语教程》的课文翻译。

工程力学全英文Engineering Mechanics (30)

12
The Procedure of Analysis
to determine the relative displacement between two points A and B on axially loaded member 1. Internal Force
The method of sections; How to determine the location of the section?
Part II： Mechanics of Materials
Axial load
AXIAL LOAD
Average normal stress in axial loaded member
• The localization of the stress distribution
• The deformation of the axial loaded member • Analysis of indeterminate axial load member • Analysis of thermal stress and stress concentration • The stress on the inclined surface of an axial loaded member
If the force varies continuously along the member’s length, arbitrary location and P(x); If several constant external forces, each segment between any two external forces
AB 0
Since the end supports are fixed. Thus relative displacement of one end of the bar with respect to the other end to be equal to zero

英语青蓝工程学习计划

英语青蓝工程学习计划IntroductionThe Blue Project, also known as the Qinglan Engineering Program, is a comprehensive and challenging learning initiative aimed at training students in the field of engineering. This program offers a broad spectrum of courses and subjects that provide students with a well-rounded education in engineering. From foundational principles to advanced applications, the Blue Project covers all aspects of engineering, preparing students for successful careers in the industry. This learning plan is designed to guide students through the Blue Project, outlining the various components of the program and providing a roadmap for success.Semester 1The first semester of the Blue Project focuses on laying a solid foundation in engineering principles. Students will be introduced to the basic concepts of mathematics, physics, and chemistry, providing them with the necessary background for their future engineering studies. In addition, students will also begin their exploration of various engineering disciplines, from mechanical and electrical engineering to civil and chemical engineering. By the end of the semester, students will have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of engineering and will be well-prepared for the more advanced coursework ahead.Coursework:- Mathematics: Calculus, Linear Algebra- Physics: Mechanics, Electromagnetism- Chemistry: Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry- Introduction to Engineering: Overview of engineering disciplinesProject:- Design and build a simple machine or structure using basic engineering principlesSemester 2In the second semester, students will delve deeper into the specific fields of engineering that interest them the most. They will choose one or two engineering disciplines to focus on, allowing them to concentrate their studies and develop a more specialized skillset. This semester will also include more hands-on projects and practical applications, giving students the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real-world situations. By the end of the semester, students will have a clearer understanding of their chosen engineering field and will be ready to move on to more advanced coursework.Coursework:- Engineering Mechanics: Statics, Dynamics- Circuit Analysis- Materials Science- Introduction to Computer-Aided Design (CAD)- Introduction to Control SystemsProject:- Design and build a more complex machine or structure, incorporating the principles learned in the courseworkSemester 3The third semester of the Blue Project will focus on advanced engineering concepts and applications. Students will delve into topics such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and electrical systems, gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying principles that govern engineering systems. This semester will also include a heavy emphasis on individual and group projects, allowing students to apply their knowledge in more complex and challenging tasks. By the end of the semester, students will have a strong grasp of advanced engineering concepts and will be ready to tackle the more specialized coursework in the following semesters.Coursework:- Thermodynamics- Fluid Mechanics- Electrical Systems- Introduction to Robotics- Engineering Ethics and Professional ConductProject:- Design and build a fully functional engineering system, incorporating multiple disciplines and advanced conceptsSemester 4The fourth semester marks the midway point of the Blue Project, and it is a critical time for students to solidify their knowledge and skills in preparation for their future careers. This semester will focus on specialized courses within the chosen engineering discipline, allowing students to gain a more in-depth understanding of their field. In addition, studentswill also begin their exploration of internships and co-op opportunities, providing them with real-world experience in the engineering industry. By the end of the semester, students will be well-prepared for the more advanced and specialized coursework in the final semesters of the program.Coursework:- Advanced Topics in Chosen Engineering Discipline- Engineering Economics- Professional Development and Career Planning- Introduction to Engineering Internships and Co-opsInternship/Co-op:- Secure an internship or co-op opportunity in a relevant engineering fieldSemester 5The fifth semester of the Blue Project will focus on applied engineering and practical applications. Students will engage in more hands-on projects and real-world simulations, allowing them to apply their knowledge in a practical setting. This semester will also include a heavy emphasis on research and development, providing students with the opportunity to explore cutting-edge technologies and emerging trends in the engineering field. By the end of the semester, students will have developed a strong set of practical skills and will be ready to tackle their capstone project in the final semester of the program.Coursework:- Applied Engineering- Research and Development- Advanced Design and Innovation- Entrepreneurship in Engineering- Advanced Topics in Chosen Engineering DisciplineProject:- Work on a research project or real-world simulation, applying advanced engineering concepts and technologiesSemester 6The final semester of the Blue Project will culminate in the capstone project, where students will have the opportunity to showcase their knowledge and skills in a comprehensive andchallenging engineering endeavor. Students will work in teams to tackle a real-world engineering problem, applying all of the knowledge and skills they have acquired throughout the program. In addition, students will also participate in professional development activities, preparing them for their transition into the engineering industry. By the end of the semester, students will have completed their capstone project and will be ready to embark on successful careers in engineering.Coursework:- Capstone Project- Professional Development and Career Planning- Engineering Leadership and Management- Engineering Ethics and Social ResponsibilityCapstone Project:- Work in a team to tackle a real-world engineering problem, presenting a comprehensive solution at the end of the semesterConclusionThe Blue Project is a comprehensive and challenging learning initiative that provides students with a well-rounded education in engineering. From foundational principles to advanced applications, this program covers all aspects of engineering, preparing students for successful careers in the industry. By following this learning plan, students will have the opportunity to develop a strong set of skills and knowledge in their chosen engineering field, equipping them for success in the competitive and dynamic engineering industry.。

Engineering Mechanics

Engineering MechanicsAs an experienced engineering mechanics writer, I understand the importance of creating content that is not only informative but also engaging and emotional. Engineering mechanics is a fascinating field that encompasses many principles and concepts that are crucial to the functioning of machines, structures, and systems. From statics to dynamics, from materials science to fluid mechanics, the study of engineering mechanics is vast and complex. It requires a deep understanding of physics, mathematics, and engineering principles to analyze and solve problems related to mechanics. When writing about engineering mechanics, it is essentialto break down complex topics into simpler concepts that are easy to understand for readers who may not have a background in engineering. By using everyday examples and analogies, I can illustrate how engineering mechanics principles apply toreal-world situations, making the content more relatable and engaging. For example, I could explain the concept of statics by using the analogy of a balanced see-saw, where the forces acting on each side must be equal for the system to be in equilibrium. One of the key challenges in writing about engineering mechanics is conveying the excitement and passion that engineers feel for their work. Engineering mechanics is not just about solving equations and analyzing structures; it is about pushing the boundaries of what is possible and designing innovative solutions to complex problems. By sharing stories of groundbreaking engineering achievements and highlighting the impact that engineering mechanics has on society, I can help readers appreciate the importance of this field and inspire them to pursue careers in engineering. Another important aspect of writing about engineering mechanics is addressing the ethical considerations and implications of engineering decisions. Engineers have a responsibility to ensure that theirdesigns are safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. By discussing the ethical dilemmas faced by engineers and the importance of considering the societal impacts of their work, I can help readers understand the broader implications of engineering mechanics and the ethical responsibilities that come with being an engineer. In addition to technical content, it is important to incorporate personal anecdotes and human stories into writing about engineering mechanics. By sharing experiences of overcoming challenges, working as part of a team, andcelebrating successes, I can create a more emotional connection with readers and show them the human side of engineering. Engineering is not just about equations and calculations; it is about creativity, teamwork, and problem-solving skillsthat are essential for success in any field. In conclusion, writing about engineering mechanics requires a balance of technical knowledge, storytelling skills, and emotional resonance. By breaking down complex topics into simpler concepts, conveying the excitement and passion of engineering, addressing ethical considerations, and incorporating personal anecdotes, I can create content that is both informative and engaging for readers. As a skilled writer with a deep understanding of engineering mechanics, I am confident in my ability to craft compelling narratives that will inspire and educate readers about the fascinating world of engineering.。

工程力学全英文Engineering Mechanics (33)

Part II：Mechanics of Materials Transverse shearSHEAR IN STRAIGHT MEMBERS•Shear forces (V)and bending moments (M)are developed generally in beams.Internal force and moment•The shear V is the result of a transverse shear-stress distribution over the beam’s cross section.Due to the complementary property ofthe shear, associated longitudinal shearstresses will also act along longitudinalplanes of the beam.Due to the complex shear stress, shear strains will be developed and these will tend to distort the cross section.The cross section of the beam under a shear V will warp,not remain plane.All cross sections of the beam remain plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. –the assumption for the flexure formulaAlthough the assumption is violated when the beam is subjected to bending moment and shear force, the warping is small enough to be neglected.A slender beam'''''0; ' ()0 () -()()0 ()x A A A A A F dA dA tdx M dM M ydA ydA tdx II dM ydA tdx I σστττ+=--=+-=⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭∑⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰=')(1A ydA dx dM It τ'''''0; ' ()0 () -()()0 ()x A A A A A F dA dA tdx M dM M ydA ydA tdx II dM ydA tdx I σστττ+=--=+-=⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭∑⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰=')(1A ydA dx dM It τ'''''0; ' ()0 () -()()0 ()x A A A A A F dA dA tdx M dM M ydA ydA tdx II dM ydA tdx I σστττ+=--=+-=⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭∑⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰=')(1A ydA dx dM It ττ⎰=')(1A ydA dx dM It τItVQ =τ=the shear stress at the point located a distance y’ from the neutral axis V =the internal result shear forceI =the moment of inertia of the entire cross-sectional area computed about theneutral axist = the width of the member’s cross -sectional area, measured at the point where is to be determined'''A y ydA Q A ==⎰Shear formulaIt applies to determine transverse shear stress in the beam’s cross -sectional area ττ'''A y ydA Q A ==⎰Area =A '9Rectangular Cross Section b y h b y h y h y A y Q )4(21 )2()2(2122-=-⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-+=''=b bh b y h V It VQ )121(])4/)[(21(322-==τ)4(6223y h bh V -=τ•The maximum value •The position SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS , 02h y τ=±=max 0, 1.5V y Aτ==Rectangular Cross SectionV h h h h h h V y y h h V bdy y h bh V dA h h h h A =+-+=-=-=--⎰⎰)]88(31)22(4[6 ]314[6 )4(6 33232/2/3232/2/223τmax 0, 1.5V y Aτ==Circular cross section2342233max r r r Q yA ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭44r I π=2b r =Hollow circular cross section()332123max Q yA r r ==-()44214I r r π=-212()b r r =-•The shear stress varies parabolically•The shear stress will vary only slightlythroughout the web•A jump occurs at the flange-web junction. Shear stress?Direction?WhyWeb-Flange BeamLimitations on the Use of the shear FormulaAssumption of the shear formula: the shear stress is uniformly distributed overthe width b at the section.max τ'is only about 3% greater than , which represents the average maximum shear stress.ItVQ =max τ•The shear stress at the flange-webjunction is not accurate due to stressconcentration.•The inner regions of the flanges arefree boundaries, however the shearstress determined by the shear formulais not equal to zeroThese limitations are not important since most engineers need to calculate the average maximum shear stress, which occurs at the neutral axis, where b/h ratio is very small.to determine the shear stress distribution with the shear formula.•Section the member perpendicular to its axis at the point where the shear stress to be determined.Internal Shear Force, V(x)Section Property•Determine the location of the neutral axis , the moment of inertia I about the neutral axis;•Imagine a horizontal section through the point where the shear stress is to be determined. Measure the width t of the area at this section.•where is the distance to the centroid of measured from the neutral axis. A y A d y Q A ''='=⎰'y 'The Procedure of AnalysisA '16Shear Stress •It VQ =τThe beam shown in the figure is made of wood and is subjected to a resultant internal vertical shear force V = 3 kN.(a) Determine the shear stress in the beam at point P and(b) compute the maximum shear stress in the beam.Example 1Part (a).Section property. The moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area computed about the neutral axis is 463mm 1028.16)125)(100(121121⨯===bh I 34mm 1075.18 )100)(50)](50(215.12[⨯=+=''=A y Q Shear stressMPa 346.0kN/mm 1046.3 )100)(1028.16()1075.18)(3(2464=⨯=⨯⨯==-It VQ P τAns.A horizontal section line is draw through point P andthe partial area A’ is shown SolutionPart (b).Section property. The maximum shear stress occurs at the neutral axis, since t is constant throughout the cross section and Q is largest for this case. For the dark shaded area A’, we have34mm 1053.19)5.62)(100(25.62⨯=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=''=A y Q Shear stress. Applying the shear formula yields:MPa360.0kN/mm 1060.3 )100)(1028.16()1053.19)(3(2464max =⨯=⨯⨯==-It VQ τNote that this is equivalent to MPa 36.0kN/mm 106.3)125)(100(35.15.124max =⨯===-A V τ☹The members having short or flat cross sections (The shear stress is not uniform across the width)☹At points where the cross section suddenly changes ☹The edge of the cross section does not parallel to the y axis. yVSHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS。

材料力学本科生专业英语2 - Overview -王向峰

力学广泛应用于项目的设计和分析阶段。在车辆设计中，静力学用于车身的设计，以评估应力在何处并如何相互作用。
Mechanics
Dynamics might be used when designing the car’s engine, to evaluate the forces on the pistons and cams as the engine cycles.
Structural analysis
Structural analysis 结构分析 Structural analysis is devoted to examining why and
how parts fail. Structural failures occur in two general modes: static failure and fatigue failure.
依据失效的判定准则，当被分析物体受力时，发生断裂或塑性变形时，导致静态结构失效。
注意区分英文和中文的不同叙述方式/顺序！
Structural analysis
Fatigue failure occurs when an object fails after a number of repeated loading and unloading cycles. Fatigue failure occurs because of imperfections in the object.
热力学包括热传递、能量转换、制冷/空调等内容。它是研究热、功、温度和能量之间关系的学问。
Thermodynamics
In broad terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another. The key concept is that heat is a form of energy corresponding to a definite amount of mechanical work.

工程力学全英文Engineering Mechanics (31)

Part II：Mechanics of MaterialsTorsionStudy object: A long straight member subjected to a torsional loading •How to determine the stress distribution?•How to determine the angle of twist?•Statically indeterminate analysis of the member in torsion?Torsion:If a member is subjected to the action of a pair of moments which are of a common magnitude and opposite senses,and lie in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis,the member is said to be in torsion.Screwdriver bar Transmission shaftTorque: a moment that tends to twist a member about its longitudinal axis. Shaft: a member that deforms mainly in torsion.Assumptions ：•The cross section remains a plane,and the size and shape remain the same (a rigid plane).•The cross section rotates about the longitudinal axis through an angle.The small element on the surface is under pure shear:By observation ：Longitudinal lines : remain straight , twisted angle;the length of shaft remains unchangedRadial lines : remain straight and rotate about the center of the cross sectionCircumferential lines : remain the same and rotate about the longitudinal axis TORSIONAL DFORMATION OF A CIRCULAR SHAFT t M tMAngle of twist : the relative angular displacement between two cross-sections,()x φ The angle of twist varies linearly with x .()x φφ∆The angle of twist of the back face: ()x φThe angle of twist of the front face: ()x φφ+∆causes the element to be subjected to a shear strain.Isolate an element from the shaft After deformation Before deformationIf andx dx ∆→d φφ∆→Since and are the same for all points on the cross section at x dφdxThe shear strain within the shaft varies linearly along any radial line from zero to .max γρd constant dx φ=at a specific position x c cdx d ///max γργφ==max γργ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=cImportant points (review)☐Assumptions:for a shaft with a circular cross section subjected to a torque.•The cross-section remains a plane•The length of the shaft and its radius remain unchanged•Its radial lines remain straight and circles remain circular☐The shear strain varies linearly along any radial line.r If the material is linear-elastic, then Hooke’s law applies, G τγ=A linear variation in shear strain leads to a corresponding linear variation in shear stress . The integral depends only on the geometry of the shaft.2max max A T dA J c c ττρ==⎰Polar moment of inertia max ()()A A T dA dA c ρρτρτ==⎰⎰Each element of area located at ,is subjected to aforce of .The resultant internal torque producedby this force is dA ρ()dT dA ρτ=()dF dA τ=TORSIONAL FORMULAmax γργ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=c max τρτ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=cT J ρτ=wheremaxτT :c :J :Torsional formulaPolar moment of inertia()cc A cd d dA J 0403022)41(222ρπρρπρπρρρ⎰⎰⎰====42c J π=Note: J is a geometric property of the circular area and is always positive. The commonunit is mm 4Solid shaft Tubular shaft ()4402i c c J -=πO 2cρρd d 2d =A O 2c i 2c 0ρρdThe internal torque T develops a linear distribution of shear stress along each radial line in the plane of the cross-section,it also develops an associated shear-stress distribution along an axial plane.Why?T Jρτ=The internal torque T develops a linear distribution of shear stress along each radial line in the plane of the cross-section,it also develops an associated shear-stress distribution along an axial plane.Why?(complementary property of shear stress))(x TAbsolute Maximum Torsional Stress of a shaft -A torque diagramThis diagram is a plot of the internal torque T versus its position x along the shaft length. Sign convention: By right-hand rule, if the thumb directs outward from the shaft, then the internal torque is positive.The Procedure of Analysis to determine the shear stress for a shaft under torsion1. Internal Loading (Torque)Section the shaft perpendicular to its axis at the point where the shear stress is to be e free-body diagram and the equilibrium equations to obtain the internal torque.2. Cross Section Properties （Polar moment of inertia ）3. Shear Stress Distribution (Torsional formula)T J ρτ=42c J π=()4402i c c J -=πJTc =max τThe shaft is supported by two bearings and is subjected to three torques. Determine the shear stress developed at point A and B , located at section a-a of the shaft.Example 1ABInternal Torque.The bearing force reactions on the shaft are zero, since the applied torques satisfy moment equilibrium about the shaft’s axis.The free body diagram of the left segment.mkN T T m kN m kN M x ⋅==-⋅-⋅=1250030004250 ;0∑ABmkN T ⋅=1250AB Cross Sectional Property. The polar moment of inertia for the shaft is 474 )10(97.4) 75(2mm mm J ==πShear Stress. Since point A is at ρ=c = 75 mm and point B at ρ= 15 mmGPa mm kN mm mm m kN J Tc A 89.1/89.1)10(97.4)75)(1250(247==⋅==τGPa mmmm m kN J T B 377.0)10(97.4)15)(1250(47=⋅==ρτAns.Important points (review)☐For a linear elastic homogenous material, the shear stress along any radial line of the shaft varies linearly from zero to a maximum value at the outer surface.☐The shear stress is also linearly distributed along an adjacent axial plane of the shaft due to the complementary property of shear stress.☐Torsional formula:valid for a shaft with circular cross-section and made of homogenous material with a linear-elastic behavior.Deformation of the shaftdxd γφρ=(linear elastic material)d dxρφγ=)(/)(x J x T ρτ=Gx J x T )(/)(ργ=γτG =dxGx J x T d )()(=φANGLE OF TWISTdxGx J xT d )()(=φIntegrating over the entire length L of the shaft,⎰=Ldx Gx J x T 0)()(φTORSIONJGTL =φ∑=JGTL φConstant Torque and Cross-Sectional Area⎰=L dx Gx J x T 0)()(φ⎰=Ldx E x A x P 0)()(δAEPL =δ(Axially loaded bar)TTT 2T 1T 3Sign ConventionRight-hand rule,the torque and angle will be positive,provided the thumb is directed outward from the shaftTo determine the angle of twist of one end of a shaft with respect to the other end:1. Internal Loading (Torque)•The method of section and the equation of moment equilibrium2. Angle of Twist•The polar moment of inertia J (x );•or •A consistent sign convention for the shaftGdx x J x T )(/)(⎰=φJG TL /=φ✓If the torque varies continuously along the shaft’s length, a section should be made at the arbitrary position, T (x )✓If several constant external torques exist, the internal torques in each segment between any two external torques much be determined (a torque diagram)The Procedure of AnalysisExample 2The two solid steel shafts shown are coupled together using the meshed gears. Determine the angle of twist of end A of the shaft AB when the torque T=45N·m is applied.G=80GPa.Shaft AB is free to rotate within bearing E and F,whereas shaft DC is fixed at D.Each shaft has a diameter of20mm.1. Internal Torque. F ree body diagrams of the shafts are shown in figures. Step 1:Solution300Nm 150.0m/45N m 150.0/,0m 150.00=⋅===⨯-→=∑T F F T MABx ()()mN 5.22m 075.0N 003m 075.0,0-m 075.00⋅=⨯=⨯==⨯=F T T F Mx D x D CDx ∑→2. Angle of Twist.To solve the problem, we need to calculate the rotation of gear C with respect to the fixed end D in shaft DC .rad 0269.0]N/m )10(80[)m 010.0)(2/()m 5.1)(m N 5.22(294/+=⋅+==πφJG TL DC DC Since the two gears are in mesh, of gear C causes gear B to rotate C φBφrad0134.0 )m 075.0)(rad 0269.0()m 15.0(=→=B B φφm 010.0=c GPa80=GThen we need to determine the angle of twist of end A with respect to end B of shaft AB .The rotation of end A is therefore determined by adding and since bothangles are in the same direction .B φB A /φrad0.0850 rad 0.0716rad 0134.0/+=+=+=B B A A φφφAns.m 010.0=c GPa 80=G rad0134.0 =B φHomework assignments: 5-3, 5-9, 5-27, 5-38,5-58, 5-71()()()()()[]rad 0716.0m/N 1080m 010.02/m 2m N 45294/=⋅+==πϕJG TL AB BAEquilibrium:;0=--=∑B A xT T T MThere are two unknowns, therefore this problem is indeterminate.Compatibility or the kinematic condition: two ends are fixed:/=B A φSTATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORQUE-LOADED MEMBERS=-JGL T JG L T BC B AC A ()BC ACL LL +=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=L L T T BC A ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=L L T T AC B TORSION；0∑==B A xT T T M-- ；0=/BA φThe Procedure of AnalysisTo determine the unknown torques in statically indeterminate shafts:•Equilibrium equationsDraw a free-body diagram of the shaft to identify all internal torques.Write the equations of moment equilibrium about the axis of the shaft.•CompatibilityExpress the compatibility condition in terms of the rotational displacements caused by the reactive torques.•Solving unknownsSolve the equilibrium and compatibility equations for the unknown reactive torques.Pay attention to the sign of the results.Example 3The shaft is made from a steel tube,which is bonded to a brass core.A torque of T=250N·m is applied at its end,plot the shear-stress distribution along a radial line of its cross-section.(G st=80GPa,G br=36GPa)Solution:Equilibrium. A free-body diagram of the shaft . The reaction has been represented by twounknown amount of torques resisted by the steel, T st and by the brass, T br .m N 250=⋅+--br st T T Compatibility. The angles of twist at fixed end A should be the same for both the steel and brass since they are bonded together .brst φφφ==Applying the load-displacement relationship , , we haveJG TL /=φbrbr br st st st J G LT J G L T =brst T T 33.33=(1)(2)m N 28.7m N 72.242⋅=⋅=⇒br st T TThe shear stress in the brass core varies from zero at its center to the maximum at the interface, using the torsional formulaMPa 63.4mm)/2)(10(mm)mm/m)(10 m)(10N 28.7()(43max =⋅==πτbr br br J c T For the steel, the minimum shear stress is at this interfaceMPa 30.10])mm 10(mm) /2)[(20(mm) mm/m)(10 m)(10N 72.242()(443min=-⋅==πτst inner st st J c T The maximum shear stress is at the outer surfaceMPa 630.20])mm 10(mm) /2)[(20(mm)mm/m)(20 m)(10N 72.242()(443max =-⋅==πτst outer st st J c Tm N 28.7mN 72.242⋅=⋅=br st T Trad )10(1286.0N/mm)10(36N/mm 63.43232-===G τγAns.Homework assignments: 5-75, 5-82, 5-85The shear stress is discontinuous at the interface because the materials have different moduli .The stiffer material (steel)carries more shear stress.However,the shear strain is continuous at the interface.Shear strain at the interface:MPa63.4)(max =br τMPa30.10)(min =st τMPa630.20)(max =st τ。