必修一单元语法

Unit 1 单元语法直接引语如何变间接引语一、如何变人称下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中的人称变化。

如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”He said to Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.二、如何变时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

一般情况下，现在时需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。

如：(1) She said, “I have lost a pen.”She said she had lost a pen.(2) She said, “We hope so.”She said they hoped so.(3) She said, “He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

如：“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.②直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变为间接引语，时态不变。

如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.”He said he gets up at six every morning.③直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变，如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.④如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to）和已经是过去时的形式时（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。

如：Peter said, “You had better come here today.”Peter said I had better go there that day.三、如何变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

（参考必修一P88）四、如何变句型（1）直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.（2）直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句。

如：He said, “Can you swim, John?”He asked John if he could swim.“You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” My mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.（3）直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

如：She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语与间接引语语法练习一、将下列句子改为间接引语1.“You should be more careful next time.” his father said to him.2.Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”3.“I haven’t heard from my parents these days.” said Mary.4.The geography teachers said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.”5.She said to him, “It’s time that you leave here.”6.Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7.John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8.The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.”9.He said, “Are you a student?”10.“Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11.“She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she?” he asked.12.“Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13.“We’ve lived here for two years.” he told me.14.“I’m going to Beijing tomorrow.” my sister said to me.15.“What’s wrong with you, Granny?” the doctor asked.16.I asked my brother, “Shall we go to the Summer Palace next week?”二、把下列间接引语改为直接引语。

1.She told me that she would finish the work the next week.2.The teacher asked if we understood him.3.She asked me what I thought of the film I had seen the week before.4.She asked me what I thought of the film I had seen the week before.5.I wondered whether they could finish the work in time.现在进行时表示将来的用法When are you leaving?How are you going to...?When are you arriving in/at...?Where are you staying?How long are you staying in...?When are you coming back?以上句子中，谓语动词都用了现在进行时，这些现在进行时并不表示现在进行时的动作，而是表示按计划将要发生的事。

1.用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的、按计划或安排要发生的动作；通常带一个表将来的时间状语，但有明确的上下文时无须指出时间。

这种结构中常用动作动词或去向动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, give, return, sleep, stay, play, do, take, get, travel, fly, drive, walk, reach, meet...等，不适用于状语动词。

例如：How many of you are coming to the party tonight? 你们中多少人要来参加今晚的派对？The young scholar is returning from Canada next week.那个青年学者下周要从加拿大回国。

The performance is starting soon. 演出很快就要开始了。

2.在现代英语中，一般能事先计划、安排的动作，都可以用现在进行时表示将来。

例如：I’m writing a letter to one of the book, he’s having a rest tomorrow.由于他已写完了这本书的大部分，明天他要休息一下。

例题：--Are you still busy?--Yes, I _______ my work, and it won’t take long.A.just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. was just finishing将来时的其他用法1.be going to dobe to dobe about to dobe doingwill/shall do表示“将来”高中定语从句讲解在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。