蜗轮蜗杆减速机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

外文原文
Worm gear reducer:
Worm gear reducer is a power transmission mechanism, the gear speed converter, the motor ( motor) mechanism reducer to rotation number, and get greater torque mechanism. In the present is used to transmit power and movement of the body, reducer application scope is quite widespread, in almost all kinds of mechanical drive system can see traces of it, from the transport ship, automobile, locomotive, used in construction of heavy machinery, industrial machinery used in the processing equipment and automated production equipment, daily the common life of the household electrical appliances, watches and so on. Its application from the large power transmission, small load, accurate angle transmission can see reducer application, and in industrial applications, with speed and increase torque of reducer function. It is widely used in speed and torque conversion equipment. The role of main reducer:
1) Speed down while increasing the output torque, output torque in the proportion of motor output by reduction ratio, but should not be beyond the rated torque of reducer.
2) speed while reducing the load inertia, inertia is reduced as the ratio of square. We can look at general motors have a inertia mathematical.
Worm gear reducer classification:
Main models: WP series worm gear reducer, WH series worm gear reducer and CW series worm gear reducer.
WP series worm gear reducer including WPA/WPS/WPW/WPE/WPZ/WPD
WH series worm gear reducer including WHT/WHX/WHS/WHC
CW series worm gear reducer including CWU/CWS/CWO
RV series worm gear reducer including RV/NMRV/NRV
Worm gear reducer and analysis of common problems:
1、Reducer heating and oil.
2、Worm gear wear.
3、The small drive gear wear.
4、Worm bearing damage.
Reducer heating and oil
In order to improve the efficiency, the worm gear reducer are commonly used nonferrous metals do worm, worm is a hard steel. Due to sliding friction transmission, operation will produce more heat, so that the reducer parts and sealed between thermal expansion differences, resulting in the mating surface to form a gap, lubricating oil temperature due to the increase of thinning, easy leakage. The reasons for this are four points, one is a material with unreasonable; two is the meshing friction surface of poor quality; three is a lubricating oil additive amount of choice is incorrect; four is the assembly quality and the use of poor environment.
Worm gear wear
Worm gear generally use the tin bronze, paired worm material45 steel hardened to HRC4555, or 40Cr hardened HRC5055after worm grinder grinding to the roughness Ra0.8μ M. Reducer when normal operation wear very slow, some speed reducer can be used for more than 10 years. If wear faster, it is necessary to consider the selection is correct, whether overload operation, as well as the worm gear materials, assembly quality or environment of use and other reasons.
The small drive gear wear
Generally occurs in the vertical installed speed reducer, the main and the lubricating oil quantity and oil varieties. Vertical installation, easy to cause inadequate lubrication, reducer stops running, the motor and the speed reducer transmission gear oil gear loss, due to lack of lubrication and protection. Starting gear reducer, due to the lack of effective lubrication cause mechanical wear or damage.
Worm bearing damage
When a failure occurs, even if the reduction box has good sealing, is often found inside the reducer gear oil to be emulsified, bearing rust, corrosion, damage. This is because the reducer after running for a period of time, gear oil temperature and
cooling of the condensation of water mixed with water. Of course, also with the quality of bearing and assembly process is closely related to.
Solution method:
1、ensure the assembly quality. Can be purchased or made some special tools, removing and installing reducer parts, try to avoid using a hammer and other tools percussion; replacement gears, worm gear, try to use the original accessories and replaced in pairs; the assembly when the output shaft, attention should be paid to tolerance; to use anti-sticking agent or red lead oil protection hollow shaft, to prevent wear rust or scale with the area to remove, repair.
2、the selection of lubricating oils and additives. The worm gear reducer is generally used on220# gear oil, heavy load, frequent start, use of the environment of poor reducer, and can use a number of lubricating oil additives, so that the speed reducer in stops running gear oil is still attached to the gear surface, forming a protection film, prevent the heavy load, low speed, high torque and at the start of direct contact between the metal. Additives containing ring modulators and a leak resistant agent, so that the seal ring to maintain soft and elastic, effectively reduce the oil leakage.
3、reducer installation position selection. Location permits, try not to adopt vertical installation. Vertical installation, lubricants added more than horizontal installation, easy cause reducer heating and oil.
4、establishment of lubricating maintenance system. According to the lubrication work" Five " principle to the reducer maintenance, do each and a reducer are responsible for regular inspections, found that rising temperatures significantly, over 40 ℃ or temperature exceed 80 ℃, oil quality decline or oil found in more copper and to produce abnormal noise and other phenomena, should immediately stop using the, timely maintenance, troubleshooting, replacement of lubricating oil. Come on, should pay attention to oil, ensure the reducer to get the correct lubrication.
Worm gear reducer of national standards:
TP type planar enveloping hourglass worm gear reducer ( JB/T9051-1999)
CW series worm gear reducer ( JB/T7935-1999)
ZC1 type two stage worm and gear - worm reducer ( JB/T7008-1993)
SCW shaft mounted circular cylindrical worm reducer ( JB/T6387-1992)
RV series worm gear reducer ( Q/MD1-2000)
WD cylindrical worm reducer ( JB/ZQ4390-79)
CW series worm gear reducer ( GB9147-88)
WH series worm gear reducer ( JB2318-79)
The planar enveloping hourglass worm gear reducer ( ZBJ19021-89)
Circular cylindrical worm gear reducer ( GB9147-88)
Cylindrical worm gear reducer ( JB/ZQ4390-86)
Worm gear reducer common problem analysis: gear - worm gear reducer is a kind of compact structure, large transmission ratio, under certain conditions, the mechanical transmission with self-locking function. Convenient installation, reasonable structure, have been more and more widely applied. It is in the worm gear reducer input to add a bevel gear reducer, constitute the multistage reducer can obtain very low output speed, than the single stage worm reducer has higher efficiency, and small vibration, low noise and can.
The new repair method for worm gear reducer:
Aiming at the problem of traditional wear, enterprise solution is welding or brush machine repair, but there are some drawbacks: welding high temperature thermal stress can not be completely eliminated, causing material damage, resulting in part to bend or break; and brush plating by coating thickness limit, easy peeling, and above two method is with metal repair metal, can not change the " hard on hard" relations of cooperation, in the comprehensive role, will cause wear again. For some large enterprises are often unable to the scene to solve the bearing, but also rely on outside repair. Contemporary western countries to solve the above problem using polymer composite materials repair method, which is widely used in the United States for technology products, it has strong adhesion, excellent comprehensive properties such as compressive strength. Application of polymer materials to repair, can be disassembled for machine processing. Welding thermal stress thickness effects, repair is not limited, at the same time products with metal materials do not have concessions, can absorb the shock and vibration equipment, avoid to wear again possible, and
greatly prolong the service life of the parts of equipment, for the enterprise to save a large amount of downtime, create enormous economic value. While the leakage problem, traditional methods to remove and open gear reducer, replacing the gasket or sealant has been applied, not only time-consuming and laborious, and difficult to guarantee the sealing effect, the operation will be again leakage. The polymeric material can be on-site management leakage, material has excellent adhesion, resistance to oil and350% of the tensile strength, overcome the vibration impact, very good for enterprises to solve the leakage problem of reducer.
Installation notes:
Mounted on the worm gear reducer must be firmly installed on the machine, not to loosen the phenomenon. This process must confirm the reducer turning right or not, then can continue the installation operation. Reducer can not be placed too long, more than 3to 6 months, but oil is not immersed in lubricating oil in it, that user to replace the oil seal reducer. Please follow the speed reducer using codes, standard working environment temperature is -5degrees to 10 degrees, if it exceeds the rated value, please contact the Dongguan city machine reducer Limited company technology department. Reducer is usually associated with a deceleration motor or motor supporting the use of, so we must improve the radiating device and ventilation device, and to maintain the normal operation of. After installation, use, must first check lubrication oil level, not to get the load to the highest, propose a gradual increase, recommended in the worm gear reducer installed around the periphery of the protection device.
HW series worm gear reducer
1、Overview:
HW type straight outline hourglass worm reducer ( JB / T79361999) because of the Toroid Worm, the worm axial profile is straight, it called for Globoid Worm ( also known as spherical worm ), and various other worm reducer for the same space, crossed-axes gear drive, bearing capacity and transmission high efficiency, suitable for heavy load, large power, large torque transmission, such as metallurgy, mining, lifting, transportation, petroleum, chemical, construction and other machinery and
equipment drive. Including HWT, HWB type two types. Working conditions: input, output shaft turn angles for the 90*, worm speed not exceeding 1500r ' / min, worm intermediate plane circle sliding speed of not more than 16m / SL worm shaft can be positive, reverse running t working environment temperature for40℃ - 40 ℃. When the environment temperature below0℃, before the start of the lubricating oil must be heated to 0℃, or using low solidification point of the lubricating oil; higher than 40℃, the cooling measures must be taken to.
Model
1、A worm in the worm gear on type HWT casting machine body and a machine cover straight outline hourglass worm reducer.
2, HWB type a worm in the worm gear casting machine body and a machine cover under the hourglass worm gear reducer.
RV series worm gear reducer
1、Overview
RV series worm gear reducer is according to Q/MD1-2000quality standards of design and manufacture technology. RV series worm gear reducer in accord with the national standard GB10085-88cylindrical worm gear parameter foundation, absorbing domestic and foreign advanced technology, unique novel" square box type" box shape structure, beautiful appearance, with high-quality aluminum die-casting alloy. RV series worm gear reducer has been widely used in all kinds of industry production process equipment mechanical speed reducer, is the modern industrial equipment realize high torque, low noise, high speed stable mechanical drive control device is the best choice.
2、Technical parameters
Power: 0.06KW ~ 7.5KW torque:2.6N ·m～2379N ·M
Transmission ratio:7.5-100
3、features
1, the advantages of compact structure, small volume, high efficiency small shape; 2, good heat exchange performance, fast heat dissipation;
3, simple installation, flexible and nimble, superior performance, easy maintenance;
4, stable running, small noise, durable;
5, the use of strong, high safety and reliability,
4、The use of maintenance requirements
1、when installed on the output member please do not exert pressure, box, please meet the mechanical and the speed reducer is connected between the concentricity and verticality requirement.
2、Reducer initial run to 400 hours should replace oil, later changing period of approximately 4000 hours.
3、the reducer box body should retain sufficient amount of lubricating oil, and regularly check.
4、pay attention to maintaining the speed reducer with clean appearance, the timely removal of dust, dirt to facilitate heat dissipation.
中文译文
蜗轮蜗杆减速机：
蜗轮蜗杆减速机是一种动力传达机构，利用齿轮的速度转换器，将电机（马达）的回转数减速到所要的回转数，并得到较大转矩的机构。

在目前用于传递动力与运动的机构中，减速机的应用范围相当广泛，几乎在各式机械的传动系统中都可以见到它的踪迹，从交通工具的船舶、汽车、机车，建筑用的重型机具，机械工业所用的加工机具及自动化生产设备，到日常生活中常见的家电，钟表等等.其应用从大动力的传输工作，到小负荷，精确的角度传输都可以见到减速机的应用，且在工业应用上，减速机具有减速及增加转矩功能。

因此广泛应用在速度与扭矩的转换设备。

减速机的作用主要有：
1）降速同时提高输出扭矩，扭矩输出比例按电机输出乘减速比，但要注意不能超出减速机额定扭矩。

2）减速同时降低了负载的惯量，惯量的减少为减速比的平方。

大家可以看一下一般电机都有一个惯量数值。

蜗轮蜗杆减速机分类：
主要型号：WP系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机、WH系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机和CW系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机等。

1.WP系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机包括WPA/WPS/WPW/WPE/WPZ/WPD
2.WH系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机包括WHT/WHX/WHS/WHC
3.CW系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机包括CWU/CWS/CWO
4.RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机包括RV/NMRV/NRV
蜗轮蜗杆减速机的常见问题及分析：
1．减速机发热和漏油。

2．蜗轮磨损。

3．传动小斜齿轮磨损。

4．蜗杆轴承损坏。

1．减速机发热和漏油
为了提高效率，蜗轮减速机一般均采用有色金属做蜗轮，蜗杆则采用较硬的
钢材。

由于是滑动摩擦传动，运行中会产生较多的热量，使减速机各零件和密封之间热膨胀产生差异，从而在各配合面形成间隙，润滑油液由于温度的升高变稀，易造成泄漏。

造成这种情况的原因主要有四点，一是材质的搭配不合理；二是啮合摩擦面表面的质量差；三是润滑油添加量的选择不正确；四是装配质量和使用环境差。

2．蜗轮磨损
蜗轮一般采用锡青铜，配对的蜗杆材料用45钢淬硬至HRC4555，或40Cr淬硬HRC5055后经蜗杆磨床磨削至粗糙度Ra0.8μm。

减速机正常运行时磨损很慢，某些减速机可以使用10年以上。

如果磨损速度较快，就要考虑选型是否正确，是否超负荷运行，以及蜗轮蜗杆的材质、装配质量或使用环境等原因。

3．传动小斜齿轮磨损
一般发生在立式安装的减速机上，主要与润滑油的添加量和油品种有关。

立式安装时，很容易造成润滑油量不足，减速机停止运转时，电机和减速机间传动齿轮油流失，齿轮得不到应有的润滑保护。

减速机启动时，齿轮由于得不到有效润滑导致机械磨损甚至损坏。

4．蜗杆轴承损坏
发生故障时，即使减速箱密封良好，还是经常发现减速机内的齿轮油被乳化，轴承生锈、腐蚀、损坏。

这是因为减速机在运行一段时间后，齿轮油温度升高又冷却后产生的凝结水与水混合。

当然，也与轴承质量及装配工艺密切相关。

解决方法：
1．保证装配质量。

可购买或自制一些专用工具，拆卸和安装减速机部件时，尽量避免用锤子等其他工具敲击；更换齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆时，尽量选用原厂配件和成对更换；装配输出轴时，要注意公差配合；要使用防粘剂或红丹油保护空心轴，防止磨损生锈或配合面积垢，维修时难拆卸。

2．润滑油和添加剂的选用。

蜗齿减速机一般选用220#齿轮油，对重负荷、启动频繁、使用环境较差的减速机，可选用一些润滑油添加剂，使减速机在停止运转时齿轮油依然附着在齿轮表面，形成保护膜，防止重负荷、低速、高转矩和启动时金属间的直接接触。

添加剂中含有密封圈调节剂和抗漏剂，使密封圈保持柔软和弹性，有效减少润滑油漏。

3．减速机安装位置的选择。

位置允许的情况下，尽量不采用立式安装。

立式安装时，润滑油的添加量要比水平安装多很多，易造成减速机发热和漏油。

4．建立润滑维护制度。

可根据润滑工作“五定”原则对减速机进行维护，做到每一台减速机都有责任人定期检查，发现升温明显，超过40℃或油温超过80℃，油的质量下降或油中发现较多的铜粉以及产生不正常的噪声等现象时，要立即停止使用，及时检修，排除故障，更换润滑油。

加油时，要注意油量，保证减速机得到正确的润滑。

蜗轮蜗杆减速机国家标准：
TP型平面包络环面蜗轮减速机（JB/T9051-1999）
CW系列圆弧圆柱蜗杆减速器（JB/T7935-1999）
ZC1型双级蜗杆及齿轮-蜗杆减速器（JB/T7008-1993）
SCW轴装式圆弧圆柱蜗杆减速机（JB/T6387-1992）
RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机(Q/MD1-2000)
WD型圆柱蜗杆减速机（JB/ZQ4390-79）
CW系列圆弧圆柱蜗杆减速器（GB9147-88）
WH系列圆弧圆柱蜗杆减速机（JB2318-79）
平面包络环面蜗杆减速器（ZBJ19021-89）
圆弧圆柱蜗杆减速器（GB9147-88）
圆柱蜗杆减速器（JB/ZQ4390-86）
蜗轮蜗杆减速机常见问题原因分析：齿轮-蜗轮蜗杆减速机是一种结构紧凑、传动比大，在一定条件下具有自锁功能的传动机械。

而且安装方便、结构合理，得到越来越广泛的应用。

它是在蜗轮蜗杆减速器输入端加装一个斜齿轮减速器，构成的多级减速器可获得非常低的输出速度，比单级蜗轮减速机具有更高的效率，而且振动小、噪声及能低。

蜗轮蜗杆减速机最新维修方法：
针对磨损问题，企业传统解决办法是补焊或刷镀后机加工修复，但两者均存在一定弊端：补焊高温产生的热应力无法完全消除，易造成材质损伤，导致部件出现弯曲或断裂；而电刷镀受涂层厚度限制，容易剥落，且以上两种方法都是用金属修复金属，无法改变“硬对硬”的配合关系，在各力综合作用下，仍会造成
再次磨损。

对一些大的轴承企业往往无法现场解决，还要依赖外协修复。

当代西方国家针对以上问题多采用高分子复合材料的修复方法，而应用较多的有美嘉华技术产品，其具有超强的粘着力，优异的抗压强度等综合性能。

应用高分子材料修复，可免拆卸免机加工既无补焊热应力影响，修复厚度也不受限制，同时产品所具有的金属材料不具备的退让性，可吸收设备的冲击震动，避免再次磨损的可能，并大大延长设备部件的使用寿命，为企业节省大量的停机时间，创造巨大的经济价值。

而针对渗漏问题，传统方法需要拆卸并打开减速机后，更换密封垫片或涂抹密封胶，不仅费时费力，而且难以确保密封效果，在运行中还会再次出现泄漏。

高分子材料可现场治理渗漏，材料具备的优越的粘着力、耐油性及350%的拉伸度，克服减速机振动造成的影响，很好地为企业解决了减速机渗漏问题。

安装注意事项：
在安装蜗轮蜗杆减速机时必须牢固的安装在机器上，不能出现松动的现象。

在此过程中必须要确认减速机的转向是否正确，然后方可断续进行安装操作。

减速机不能放置太久，超过3～6个月时，而油封又没有浸在润滑油中的话，建议减速机用户更换油封。

请按照减速机使用守则，标准的工作环境的温度是-5度到10度，如果超过这个额定数值时，请与东莞市台机减速机有限公司技术部联系。

减速机通常与减速马达或者电机配套使用，所以必须装置通风装置，提高散热工作并保持正常运转。

安装好后使用时，必须先检查润滑油位，并不以马上把负载提到最高，建议逐步增加，建议在蜗轮蜗杆减速机的周边安装保护装置。

HW系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机
一、概述：
HW型直廓环面蜗杆减速器(JB／T7936一1999)因所采用的环面蜗杆副，其蜗杆轴向截面齿廓为直线，故称其为直廓环面蜗杆(亦称球面蜗杆)，与其他各种蜗杆减速器相同，为空间交错轴传动，承载能力和传动效率较高，适用于重载、大功率、大转矩传动，如冶金、矿山、起重、运输、石油、化工、建筑等机械设备的减速传动。

包括HWT、HWB型二种型式。

工作条件：输入、输出轴交错角为90*，蜗杆转速不超过1500r’／min，蜗杆中间平面分度圆滑动速度不超过16m／sl蜗杆轴可正、反向运转t工作环境温度为一40—40℃。

当工作环境温度底于0℃时，启动前润滑油必须加热到0℃以
上，或采用低凝固点的润滑油；高于40℃时，必须采取冷却措施。

二、型号
1、HWT型一蜗杆在蜗轮之上铸造机体和机盖直廓环面蜗杆减速器；
2、HWB型一蜗杆在蜗轮之下铸造机体和机盖直廓环面蜗杆减速器；
RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机
一、概述
RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机是按Q/MD1-2000技术质量标准设计制造。

RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机在符合国家标准GB10085-88圆柱蜗轮蜗杆参数基础之上，吸取国内外先进科技，独具新颖的"方箱型"外形结构，箱体外形美观，以优质铝合金压铸而成。

RV系列蜗轮蜗杆减速机目前已广泛应用于各类行业生产工艺装备的机械减速装置，是目前现代工业装备实现大扭矩、大速比低噪音、高稳定机械减速传动控制装置的最佳选择。

二、技术参数
功率：0.06KW～7.5KW 转矩：2.6N·m～2379N·m
传动比：7.5-100
三、特点
1、机械结构紧凑、体积外形轻巧、小型高效；
2、热交换性能好、散热快；
3、安装简易、灵活轻捷、性能优越、易于维护检修；
4、运行平稳、噪音小、经久耐用；
5、使用性强、安全可靠性大
四、使用维护要求
1、安装时请不要对减速机输出部件，箱体施加压力，联接时请满足机械与减速机之间的同轴度与垂直度的相应要求。

2、减速机初始运行至400小时应重新更换润滑油，其后的换油周期约为4000小时。

3、减速机箱体内应保留足够的润滑油量，并定时检查。

4、注意保持减速机外观清洁，及时清除灰尘、污物以利于散热。