schaefer ch05

Social Institutions
Social institution: Organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs █ Functionalist view
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1. Replacing personnel 2. Teaching new recruits 3. Producing and distributing goods and services
Slide 3
Ascribed and Achieved Status
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Ascribed status
– A social position a person receives at birth or takes involuntarily later in life
• Matters about which we have little choice
Module 16
Slide 2
Statuses
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Status: Socially defined positions within a large group or society
– Person can hold more than one status at same time
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4. Preserving order 5. Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 14
Social Institutions
– Social behavior conditioned by roles and statuses
பைடு நூலகம்
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 16
Social Networks
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Social network: Series of social relationships that link a person directly to others, and indirectly links him or her to still more people
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Conflict view
– Major institutions help maintain privileges of most powerful individuals and groups within society – Social institutions have inherently conservative natures – Social institutions operate in gendered and racist environments
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Module 16
Slide 12
Social Roles
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Role exit: Process of disengagement from a role that is central to one’s identity to establish a new role
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Achieved status
– A social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort – People’s ascribed statuses influence the statuses they achieve
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 15
Social Institutions
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Interactionist view
– Social institutions affect everyday behavior
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Status Symbols
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What are status symbols? – Home – Car – Clothes – Etc.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
– Networking: Involvement in social network; valuable skill when job-hunting
– Can center on any activity
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 11
Social Roles
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Social role: Set of expectations for people who occupy a given status Role conflict: When incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by same person Role strain: Difficulties that arise when same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations
Module 16
Slide 17
Virtual Worlds
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With advances in technology, people can maintain social networks electronically
– FaceBook and MySpace first stage in creation of alternative forms of reality – Virtual life can migrate into real life – Online socializations may not necessarily reinforce people’s prejudices – Help preserve real-world networks interrupted by war or other dislocations
– Doubt – Search for alternatives
– Action stage – Creation of a new identity
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 13
– Can be negative as well as positive – Gender is a master status because all societies limit opportunities for women – Physical disability can serve as a master status
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Role
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Role Set
– A number of roles attached to a single status • Differs by society • Might or might not be important to social identity
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 16
Slide 18
Research Today
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Social Networks and Smoking
– Do smokers and nonsmokers tend to cluster in separate groups? If you have tried to quit, or quit smoking, did your cluster of friends and family help or hinder you? – Besides public health campaigns, what other applications can you think of for social network research?
Slide 6
Homes
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Cars
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.