2012物流学第一次作业

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《物流学概论》第一次作业

《物流学概论》第一次作业
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《物流学概论》
第一次作业
1、物流的概念?如何理解物流概念中的“物”与“流”? 2、物流的核心是什么? 3、1962年美国著名经营学家彼得· 德鲁克在《财富》杂 志上发表了题为《经济的黑色大陆》一文 ,他将物流比做什 么? 4、按照西泽修的理论,第一利润源、第二利润源、第三 利润源分反”)现象? 6、精益物流的基本原则是什么? 7、举例说明先有物流后有商流、先有商流后有物流、只 有商流没有物流、只有物流没有商流的现象。 8、国际贸易是国际物流的前提,对么? 9、国际物流主要有哪些特点? 10、包装具有哪些功能?其中哪些功能比较特殊?特殊 在哪儿?

2012年物流管理专科毕业大作业

2012年物流管理专科毕业大作业

电大学历教育专科物流专业毕业作业(试用)姓名:________________ 学号:________________ 入学时间:_____________ 分校:________________新疆广播电视大学说明1、物流管理(专科)专业毕业作业占5学分,90课时。

2.本作业在第四学期安排学生完成,时间为一个学期。

3、本作业的内容涵盖了本专业主干课程的内容,主要涉及到以下课程:物流学概论、仓储与配送管理、供应链管理、企业物流管理等。

4.评分要求:(1)本作业按照百分制评分。

60分为及格。

(2)辅导教师参照每道题目设定的评分标准进行评定。

(3)辅导教师对学生的答题务必进行客观、公正的评价。

(4)学生必须达到60分以上才能取得该环节的学分。

(5)作业抄袭或雷同,计为0分,并不能取得学分。

5. 答题要求:(1)学生应按照题目要求答题。

(2)第一部分专业基础知识有唯一答案,第二部分专业知识答案不唯一。

(3)学生在作专业知识题部分时,要求准确地应用相应的学科理论进行分析,并紧密围绕题目内容回答,不得抛开题目随意发挥。

答题要求思路清晰,具有较强的逻辑性。

第一部分:专业基础知识一、基础知识(共计30分)(一)判断题(对的打√,错的打×。

每小题1分,共计10分)1.随着产业结构的变化,物流服务的需求由质量型需求向数量型需求转化。

()2.运输需求主要包括区域间的货物运输和城市内的商品配送。

()3.招标采购主要从便捷灵活的角度,注重对供应商们在物料价格、质量的比较选择。

()4.与JIT配合的订货批量是小批量供货。

()5.从物流过程来看,生产者到消费者的销售渠道环节最少,物流过程的可控制性比较强。

()6.生产企业中成品仓库的库存属于生产库存。

()7.铁路货物运输的种类分为三种:整车运输、零担运输和特种货物运输。

()8.物流条形码是物流过程中的以商品为对象以集合包装商品为单位使用的条形码。

()9.装卸搬运作业组织是遵循经济效益为主,安全生产为辅的原则。

2012年物流师考试技能样卷及参考答案

2012年物流师考试技能样卷及参考答案

注 意 事项 1、考试时间: 120 分钟。

2、请首先按要求在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名、准考证号和所在单位的名称。

3、请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求,在规定的位置填写您的答案。

G 先生从财务部门了解到,他的公司年度存货储囤成本约为10%。

问题: (1) 若设定α=0.2,预测公式为F t+1 =αA t +(1-α)F t ,若用1997年——2001年这5年实际销量的平均值作为2001年的预测销量,请用上述公式预测2004年的销量为多少?(5分) (2) 根据2004年的预测销量,计算分公司P 型号电视订货的经济批量(EOQ )。

计算公式给定如下:EOQ = U D/C 2C i 0(3分) (3) 按照总公司物流成本核算的规定,运输费必须打到各分公司的物流成本中去,所以G 先生必须合理安排电视的进库运输。

如果工厂的配送中心发一辆车到G 先生所在销售分公司的运费为1000元,每辆车满载可以装载40台P 型号的彩电,当必须考虑运输成本时,请确定订货批量以多少为佳。

(10分) (4) 给定上述信息和第(2)部分确定的低成本EOQ 方案,用定期订货批量(POQ )逻辑来确定G 先生的分公司P 型电视每年的订货次数以及订货之间的时间间隔。

(2分)考 生 答 题 不 准 超 过 此 线二、案例分析题(第02题。

请根据题目提供的背景材料进行分析,并回答给出的问题。

每题25分,共25分)2.背景材料:年营业额高达24亿美元的东方海外国际有限公司的主要业务分成两块,一是国际集装箱运输,二是物流集装箱码头业务和物业发展。

前不久美国一家航运杂志评出的全球集装箱承运人排名表中被列为第12名。

众所周知,运输与仓储设施共同组成了物流业的基础平台,东方海外物流公司在中国的发展就是由货物运输开始起步的,而利用信息网络技术在运输企业和货运配载服务企业之间搭建起有效的信息桥梁,实现资源共享,则是东方海外的又一个主攻方向。

基于这种需求日益迫切,东方海外把以货运配载市场为切入点的货运信息网相继建立起来,他们立足于网络与传统产业的最佳结合,目标是在全国范围内形成一个高效、通畅、可调控的物流体系,其公路运输网络化体系由无数个地面代理中心及其营业点组成,各配送中心有统一标识,并引进电脑网络化管理对装卸、搬运、保管等过程实施标准化操作。

物流学概论(记分作业一二)全部答案

物流学概论(记分作业一二)全部答案

物流学概论(记分作业一二)全部答案物流学概论记分作业一一、单选题1、()是为了清除或杀死包装材料、产品或包装件上的微生物,使其降到允许范围内的机器。

B.杀菌技术装备2、物流概念的确立阶段()。

C.20世纪60年代~70年代3、()是根据被包装物品特点进行专门设计、专门制造,只适合于某种专门物品的包装。

B.专用包装4、()不向固定化、专业化方向发展,而向能够随时变化,对客户要求具有较强适应性、不固定供需关系的方向发展。

B.专用包装5、钢铁厂的大规模生产只能按标准规定的规格生产,既能使产品具有较强的通用性,又能保证生产有较高的效率和效益。

因此,进一步的切裁处理由()完成。

D.流通加工6、在各种运输方式中,()运输是最便宜的运输方式,但运输速度最慢。

C.水路7、()至今仍是机电设备与工业产品的主要运输包装容器,尤其适用于笨重、易碎及需要特殊保护的物品的包装。

B.木材8、()是指依靠生产企业和流通企业的联合,或者生产企业涉足流通领域,或者流通企业涉足生产领域,形成合理分工、合理规划、合理组织,统筹进行的生产与流通加工安排。

C.生产-流通一体化的流通加工9、包装是指为了在()中保护产品,方便储运,促进销售,按照一定技术方法而采用的容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称,也指为达到上述目的而在采用容器、材料和辅助物的过程中施加一定技术方法等的操作活动。

C.流通过程10、()运输是一种古老的运输方式,在铁路出现以前,水路运输与以人力、畜力为动力的陆上运输工具相比,在运输能力、运输成本等方面均处于优越地位。

C.水路11、()是速度最快的运输方式,且机动性大,可以到达其他运输方式难以到达的地点。

D.航空运输12、()是指将单件或散装物品,通过一定的技术手段,组合成尺寸规格相同,重量相近的标准“单元”。

D.航空运输13、()是配送的准备工作或基础工作,是将分散的或小批量的物品集中起来。

A.集货14、()是利用铁路、公路的干线,大型船舶的固定航线进行的长距离、大批量的运输方式,是进行远距离空间位置转移的重要形式。

2012物流师考试第一章物流基础知识模拟试题

2012物流师考试第一章物流基础知识模拟试题

2012物流师考试第一章物流基础知识模拟试题一、单选题1、(A)是人类的第一需求。

A、物质B、精神C、流通D、生产2、对象物所有权转移的活动称为(B),而()是实物从供给方向需求方的转移,二者共同构成了流通的主要内容。

A、资金流,信息流B、商流,物流C、信息流,资金流D、物流,商流3、商流中的物资称为(C),商流研究的内容是()的全过程,一般称为贸易或交易。

A、商品,资金流动B、货物,采购C、商品,商品交换D、货物,销售4、物流需要通过(D)来调节供需双方在时间节奏方面的差别。

A、运输B、装卸搬运C、包装D、储存保管5、(C)的直接目的就是制造产品,它是生产系统中最重要的环节。

A、物流活动B、资金流动C、加工活动D、商务活动6、(B)是全社会物流的整体,也称为大物流或宏观物流。

A、国内物流B、社会物流C、行业物流D、地区物流7、(B)的一个标志是:它是伴随商业活动发生的,也就是说物流过程和所有权的更迭是相关的。

A、企业物流B社会物流C、行业物流D生产物流8、企业物流的水平结构按照物流活动发生先后次序,可以分为四个部分:(D)和回收、废弃物物流。

A、销售物流,采购物流,生产物流B、销售物流,供应物流,生产物流C、供应物流,生产物流,采购物流D、供应物流,生产物流,销售物流9、企业物流的垂直结构按照自下而上的(C)三个层次的协调配合实现其总体功能。

A、管理层、控制层、作业层B、控制层、管理层、作业层C、作业层、控制层、管理层D、作业层、管理层、控制层10、(B)就是生产物流流量的均衡,这是杜绝生产中的浪费现象的主要措施。

A、企业物流B、均衡生产C、控制库存D、生产物流11、我国在(C)年前后从日本引进了物流概念。

A、1960B、1970C、1980D、199012、我国物流领域第一个跨部门、跨行业、跨地域、跨所有制的行业组织是(C)A、中国物资经济学B、中国物流研究会C、中国物资流通会D、中国物流与采购联合会二、多选题1、物流科学是(AC)工程与()工程结合的综合学科。

2012年5月(中物联)物流师全国统一考试(第一部分答案)

2012年5月(中物联)物流师全国统一考试(第一部分答案)

2012 年 5 月物流师级别考试试卷(第一部分)注意:本试卷所有试题的答案必须填涂在随试卷发放的答题卡上,答案写在本试卷上一律无效;本场考试共包含三类题型的120 道题,共计100 分。

、判断(本类题型所包含的每道小题都只有正确或错误一种答案,你认为正确的请在答题卡对应的题号上涂A ,错误的涂B。

共60题30分,每小题0.5分)1. 实现零库存的根本途径就是实现准时化作业,如准时化采购、准时化生产、准时化配送、准时化销售. B2. 销售物流客户服务要素对于每个企业都是一样的,但是不同企业对各要素的要求不同而已。

B 销售物流管理P593. 延迟策略就是通过与客户协商,推迟订单的时间从而形成订单批量,降低配送成本。

B 销售物流管理P754. 配送中心是专职从事配送的企业,属于第三方物流。

B5. 物流对企业的重要程度相对较低,同时企业处理的物流能力也低,此时宜选择自营物流方式来处理物流。

B 销售物流管理P946. 流通加工是流通中的一种特殊形式,是实现商品配送的前置工作。

A7. 物流企业的经营模式是企业核心竞争力的体现,它与企业本身的资源类型无关。

B 物流企业运行管理P68. 非资产型物流企业在企业资信能力方面优于资产型物流企业。

B 物流企业运行管理P139. 物流企业在进行信息化建设时,要始终围绕事先制定的信息化目标进行,要始终追求物流信息的先进性。

B 物流企业运行管理P1710. 射频识别技术是以无线信道作为运输传媒,建网迅速,通信灵活,是实现移动通信的关键技术之一。

B 物流企业运行管理P18A 销售物流管理11. 销售物流的服务是销售过程的一部分,顾客满意度的高低直接影响着顾客忠诚度,进而影响销售。

P7312. 当企业拥有多种产品线时,可以按产品的特点、销售水平、设置相同的库存、相同的运输方式以及不同的储存地点。

B 销售物流管理P3513. 在流通加工的生产管理中特别强调生产进度的控制,提高生产的均衡性和连续性,充分发挥生产能力,提高生产效率。

国开物流学概论形考第一次作业

国开物流学概论形考第一次作业

第一次作业(第1-3章)一、单选题( B )1、企业供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、废弃物流和回收物流是属于:A、社会物流B、企业物流C、区域物流D、综合物流(C )2、对于一个零售商,物流活动主要发生在它的与零售商店之间。

A、货物运输B、生产部门C、配送中心D、消费者(B )3、存在于几乎所有的社会经济系统中的物流是:A、智能型物流B、人工物流C、机械物流D、集成物流(C )4、物流创造空间价值是由现代社会产业结构和所决定的。

A、社会供给B、社会生产C、社会分工D、社会需求( B )5、物流早期发展的价值体现主要在:A、经济价值方面B、军事后勤方面C、生产消费方面D、商品流通方面( C )6、下面哪一种采购模式是一种没有竞争的采购方式。

A、分散采购B、集中采购C、单一来源采购D、招标采购( D )7、可以说不合理运输的最严重形式是A、重复运输B、迂回运输C、倒流运输D、空车无货载行驶( C )8、以促进销售为主要目的的包装被称为:A、工业包装B、运输包装C、商业包装D、缓冲包装( A )9、流通加工合理化的含义是尽量实现流通加工的。

A、最优配置B、最好配送C、最快运输D、最有效方法(D )10、企业间的物流信息一般采用标准。

A、编制条形码B、扫描C、拷贝D、电子数据交换二、多项选择( AB )1、从物流在经济中的运行角度可划分为两类:A、宏观物流B、微观物流C、企业物流D、生产物流( ABC )2、物流活动的目标可以归纳为:客户满意、降低成本、速度经济和A、规模经济B、范围经济C、战略与竞争优势D、效益经济( AB ) 3、从历史发展来看,人类历史上曾经有过两个大量提供利润的领域,但目前这两个利润源潜力越来越小,利润开拓越来越困难。

A、资源领域B、人力领域C、劳动领域D、物流领域(ABC )4、在基础模数尺寸之上,还要确定集装基础模数尺寸(即最小的集装尺寸)。

ISO对物流标准化的重要模数尺寸方案如下:A、1200×1000(毫米)B、1200×800(毫米)C、1100×1100(毫米)D、100×800(毫米)( ABCD )5、物流系统内信息包括物料流转信息、物流操作层信息,具体为运输信息A、储存信息B、物流加工信息C、配送信息D、定价信息( ABC )6、合理设置包装时要考虑的主要因素:A、装卸B、保管C、运输D、生产三、判断分析(√)1、物流的定义随着人们对物流活动和实践的逐步认识而发生变化,其内涵逐步得到丰富、深化和扩展。

物流管理1-5次作业

物流管理1-5次作业

物流管理第一次作业:近年来,随着我国的经济发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,对冷冻、冷藏食品的认知度也越来越高,迅速拉动了冷冻、冷藏食品的消费,其每年增产约为10%。

随着产销量的快速增长,我国的冷藏物流业将进入快速增长时期。

但不能否认的是,我国冷藏物流还处于初级发展阶段,并存在冷藏运输基础设施落后、运输损耗大、冷藏物流技术有待提高、第三方物流发展缓慢、流通渠道尚未完善等问题,尤其是基础设施落后的问题最引人注目。

相比之下,国外冷链物流的发展较为成熟,不少欧美发达国家已形成了完整的食品冷链体系。

在运输的过程中,全部采用冷藏车或冷藏箱,并配以先进的管理信息技术,建立了包括生产、加工、储藏、运输、销售等在内的新鲜物品的冷冻、冷藏链,使新鲜物品的冷冻、冷藏运输率及运输质量的完好率都得到极大提高。

在这方面,麦当劳公司体现得较为明显。

细节决定质量1990年,麦当劳公司在深圳开设了中国的第一家餐厅,也就是从那时起,在我国多数人还没有听过"物流”这个名词的时候,麦当劳就将其先进的物流模式带进了中国。

随着多年的发展,其提供的食品质量受到消费者普遍的赞誉,这主要是因为麦当劳很成功的运行了自己的冷链物流,保证了食品的质量。

麦当劳对其食品冷链物流的管理不是采取自营模式,而是将业务外包给夏晖公司进行管理。

麦当劳之所以将冷链物流的管理业务进行外包,除了想为自身赢得更全面、更专业化的服务外,还能在解决本企业资源有限的同时,更专注于核心业务的发展以及带来增值性服务。

据了解,麦当劳的冷链物流标准,涵盖了温度记录与跟踪、温度设备控制、商品验收、温度监控点设定、运作系统SOP的建立等领域。

即便是在手工劳动的微小环节,也有标准把关。

在中国,麦当劳还在考虑应用一些国家制定的物流业服务标准和技术标准,以便把工作细化到MRP或者VMI系统的各个节点,进而对整个流程实施控制和跟踪。

除此之外,麦当劳对其所有的餐厅实行统一的标准化管理,从对员工的要求到对店长的要求,从对食品制作的要求到对食品运输的要求来讲,麦当劳在全球范围内自始至终的执行着一整套的标准化管理。

物流信息技术形考作业及答案

物流信息技术形考作业及答案

《物流信息技术》形成性作业参考答案第一次作业(第1~3章)一、名词解释:1、软件工程:P20答:软件工程是指采用工程的概念、原理、技术和方法来开发和维护软件。

其核心内容是以工程化的方式组织软件的开发,它借鉴了传统工程的原则和方法,以求高效地开发高质量的软件。

2、物流信息:P46答:是指反映物流各种活动内容的知识、资料、图像、数据、文件的总称。

3、条码:P72答:是由一组按一定编码规则排列的条、空符号组成的编码符号,用以表示一定的字符、数字及符号组成的信息。

4、射频识别:答:是一种非接触式的自动识别技术,是一项利用射频信号通过空间耦合(交变磁场或电磁场)实现无接触信息传递并通过所传递的信息达到识别目的的技术。

二、单项选择题:1、(A)是物流信息技术的基础和灵魂。

A、计算机B、条码C、网络D、GPS2、经过处理的、有含义的有用数据就是(C)。

A、数据库B、数据仓库C、信息D、数据集市3、(A)是存放在计算机存储设备中的以一种合理的方法组织起来的,与公司或组织的业务活动和组织结构相对应的各种相关数据的集合。

A、数据库B、数据仓库C、信息D、数据集市4、(A)协议是Internet网中进行通信的标准协议。

A、TCP/IPB、NetBEUIC、DLCD、AppleTalk5、软件生存期模型中的(D)是迭代和演进的过程。

A、瀑布B、原型模型C、螺旋模型D、增量模型6、构成EDI系统的要素是EDI软件、硬件、通信网络以及数据标准化。

其中,EDI(A)是整个EDI最关键的部分。

A、标准B、软件C、硬件D、网络7、全球卫星定位系统也称为(D)技术。

A、EDIB、CADC、GISD、GPS8、20世纪80年代,各国相继制定了各自行业或国家EDI标准,其中(C)中制定的ANSI X12国家标准最具代表性。

A、中国B、日本C、美国D、法国9、射频技术的基本原理是(C)理论。

A、机械B、信息C、电磁D、力学10、一般来说,自动识别系统由标签、标签生成设备、识读器及计算机等设备组成。

2012年5月物流师(权威版)附答案

2012年5月物流师(权威版)附答案

2011年5月物流师全国统一考试物流师级别考试真题(A卷第一部分)注意:本次卷所有试题的答案均必须填涂在随试卷发放的答题卡上,答案写在本试卷上一律无效:本场试卷共包含三类试题的120道题目,共计100分。

一、判断题:(本类题型所包含的每道小题都只有正确或错误的一种答案,你认为正确的请在答题卡对应的题号上涂A,错误的涂B。

共60题30分,每小题0.5分)1、物流企业经营模式是企业应用物流功能要素进行生产经营并获得收益的业务运作方式。

A2、WMS主要功能是单据打印和商品信息管理,对货品进行实时动态管理。

A3、物流企业实际运作当中存在多种风险,车辆风险可以分为安全事故风险和经营成本风险两类。

A4、按照服务类型,可以将仓储服务分为保管型仓储和流通加工型仓储。

A5、商业包装的主要功能是便于运输和保护在途货物。

B6、仓单融资实质是银行、仓储公司和企业三方之间的一种存货抵押融资方式。

A7、项目物流活动多为一次性活动、重复性较少。

A8、物流企业应用托管CallCenter模式会面临建设成本高、系统维护困难、管理灵活性差的问题。

B9、按照国家标准,可以将物流企业分为运输型、仓储型和综合型三种类型。

A10、单个物流企业进行客户开发,产业联盟开发更具有竞争力和规范性。

A11、物流投标标书的制作同方案设计一样,要详细明确。

B12、系统存放方法的特点是定位容易,但搬运困难,库存面积难以确定。

A13、频率高的商品要尽量靠近出口,减少作业量。

A14、重心法配送中心选址是不断迭代求解的过程。

A15、物流服务现状分析包括自我服务水平分析和竞争对手服务水平分析。

A16、对客户进行ABC分类是为了企业更好的服务提供给带来最多效益的客户。

A17、“6西格玛”的核心思想是利用统计手段,改善日常作业流程,提高顾客满意度,提升企业效率。

B18、物流成本是物流活动中所消耗的物化劳动和活劳动的货币表现。

A19、供应物流一般是对所采购的原材料和零部件,从供应商处到企业仓库的物流管理,也可以叫原材料物流。

物流学概论第1次作业

物流学概论第1次作业

一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确,共10道小题)1. 首先提出物流概念的国家是(A) 日本(B) 美国(C) 德国(D) 英国正确答案:B解答参考:2.首先提出物流概念的国家是(A) 日本(B) 美国(C) 德国(D) 英国正确答案:B解答参考:3. 为生产企业提供原材料、零部件或其他物品时,物品在提供者与需求者之间的实体流动被称为(A) 生产物流(B) 供应物流(C) 第三方物流(D) 物流配送正确答案:B解答参考:4.不合格物品的返修、退货及伴随货物运输或搬运中的包装容器、装卸工具及其他可再用的旧杂物等,经过回收、分类、再加工、使用的流动过程被称之为(A) 供应物流(B) 销售物流(C) 回收物流(D) 企业物流正确答案:C解答参考:4.物流合理化的首要条件是(A) 做好物流计划(B)组织钟摆式运输(C) 实现短距化运输(D) 实现直达化运输正确答案:A解答参考:6 物流管理现代化最重要的标志为(A) 管理方法科学(B) 管理手段多样(C) 物流技术先进(D) 物流信息处理高效正确答案:D解答参考:7 在各种运输方式中,最具有空间、时间、批量、服务等方面灵活性的是(A) 铁路运输(B) 公路运输(C) 内河运输(D) 航空运输正确答案:B解答参考:8 对一些体积大、笨重、不易装卸又容易碰撞致损的货物,可采取(A) 轻重配装(B) 解体运输(C) 直拨运输(D) 整车运输正确答案:B解答参考:9. 消费个性化和产品标准化之间的矛盾可以借助一定的方法解决,在物流系统中,解决这一矛盾的手段是(A) 配送(B) 流通加工(C) 仓储(D) 物流信息正确答案:B解答参考:10. 物流术语标准属于物流信息标准化体系中的(A) 基础标准(B) 工作标准(C) 管理标准(D) 技术标准正确答案:A解答参考:二、不定项选择题(有不定个选项正确,共5道小题)11 根据物流活动业务性质将物流系统进行分类,包括(A) 生产物流(B) 供应物流(C) 销售物流(D) 回收物流(E) 废弃物流正确答案:A B C D E解答参考:12 物流合理化常用的系统分析方法包括(A) 总成本法(B) 避免次优(C) 得失比较分析法(D) 标杆法(E) 顾客感知分析正确答案:A B C解答参考:13 以下属于合理运输方式的包括(A) 直达运输(B) 直拨运输(C) 整车运输(D) 零担运输(E) 解体运输正确答案:A B C E解答参考:14 仓库应具备的基本设施包括(A) 计量装置(B) 货架(C) 料棚(D) 线路和站台(E) 储存容器正确答案:A B C D E解答参考:15 配送业务包括的内容有(A) 备货(B) 储存(C) 配货(D) 配装(E) 送货正确答案:A B C D E解答参考:三、主观题(共12道小题)16. 名词解释:物流参考答案:物流泛指物质资料实体在进行社会再生产过程中,在空间有目的性的(从供应地向接收地)实体流动过程。

2012年物流师考试精选试题及答案一-中大网校

2012年物流师考试精选试题及答案一-中大网校

2012年物流师考试精选试题及答案一总分:100分及格:60分考试时间:120分单选题(1)下述()不能实现物流一体化的功能运作。

A. 软件控制下的物流管理B. 人为控制的垂直型管理C. 电子商务下的物流管理D. 供应链关系下的管理(2)()是对一体化管理哲学的通俗解释。

A. 利益分离,垂直控制B. 利益冲突,分割管理C. 共同利益,互谅互让D. 利益相关,平行共存(3)供应链是围绕()建立的稳定商业关系。

A. 所有组成元素B. 基本供求成员C. 核心成员企业D. 最大商业利润(4)将供应链划分为不同类型的基本标准是( )。

A. 市场变动与主导成员平衡能力B. 市场需求与供应的稳定结构C. 供应链成员的数量与能量D. 产品复杂性决定的商业关系(5)目前物流产业界对第三方物流的期望非常高,这是因为()。

A. 第三方物流是新概念B. 第三方物流的技术能力强C. 第三方物流盈利率高D. 自营物流企业不能满足市场需求(6)物流成本控制的对象是()。

A. 固定成本与变动成本B. 长期负债C. 投入与产出的比较D. 应收帐款(7)在航次租船合同下,()必须按合同的规定,按时抵达装货港几装卸指定货物,并按时运抵目的港。

A. 承运方B. 船东C. 船方D. 代理(8)多式联运的法律基础是明确()之间的责任与权利。

A. 托运人与承运人B. 承运人与联运人C. 承运人与收货人D. 船公司的码头及货运站(9)不具有货物运输承揽性质,只相当于财产租赁的租船经营方式的是()租赁。

A. 金融B. 即期C. 航次D. 光船(10)下列描述不符合定期租船合同要求的是()。

A. 船东指派的船长应听从承租人的指挥B. 船东任命船长,但承租方可安排船舶使用.代理和运货C. 船舶的燃料费,港口费,货物装卸,河运通行费等由船东承担D. 承租方可以示船长签发提单,也可以让货代以船东名义签发提单(11)航次租船合同分为两种:货运合同和船舶租赁合同.目前以货物为合同标准,报酬方式为();后者以船舶为合同标准,报酬方式是()。

现代物流管理概论第1次作业(1)

现代物流管理概论第1次作业(1)

考生答题情况
题号:39 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:3 内容:
生产者将商品实体通过运输转移给消费者所克服的间隔是:()。

A、所有权间隔
B、时间间隔
C、场所间隔
D、使用权间隔
学员答案:C
本题得分:3
题号:40 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:3 内容:
制造业物流中,物流按其在制造业中所发挥的职能,可分为()。

A、区域物流、国内物流和国际物流
B、供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流及废弃物流
C、微观物流和宏观物流
D、企业物流和社会物流
学员答案:B
本题得分:3。

现代物流管理概论第一次作业

现代物流管理概论第一次作业

现代物流管理概论第一次作业10060100题号:1 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:2一家生产化学品添加剂的公司,为降低成本,按各种产品的销售量比重进行分类:A类产品的销售量占总销售量的70%以上,B类产品占20%左右,C类产品则为10%左右,对A类产品,公司在各销售网点都备有库存,B类产品只在地区分销中心备有库存而在各销售网点不备有库存,C类产品连地区分销中心都不设库存,仅在工厂的仓库才有存货。

这家生产化学品添加剂的公司在降低物流成本方面采取的是()。

∙A、混合策略∙B、差异化策略∙C、合并策略∙D、延迟策略标准答案:b说明:题号:2 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:2()的指导思想是:当企业拥有多种产品时,不能对所有产品都按同一标准的顾客服务水平来配送,而应按产品的特点、销售水平,来设置不同的库存、不同的运输方式以及不同的储存地点。

∙A、混合策略∙B、差异化策略∙C、合并策略∙D、延迟策略标准答案:b说明:题号:3 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:2生产季节性商品的企业,为了协调旺季和淡季需求的不均匀性,通常采用在淡季生产储备一定数量的商品以调节旺季的巨大需求,这种储备克服了()。

∙A、所有权间隔∙B、时间间隔∙C、场所间隔∙D、使用权间隔标准答案:b说明:题号:4 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:2生产者将商品实体通过运输转移给消费者所克服的间隔是()。

∙A、所有权间隔∙B、时间间隔∙C、场所间隔∙D、使用权间隔标准答案:c说明:题号:5 题型:单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:2()是按期交货次数与总交货次数的比率。

∙A、服务水平指标∙B、满足程度指标∙C、交货水平指标∙D、交货期质量指标标准答案:c说明:题号:6 题型:判断题本题分数:3物流战略管理是一件简单的任务或目标,是物流经营者在构建物流系统过程中,通过物流战略设计、战略实施、战略评价与控制等环节,调节物流资源、组织结构等,最终实现物流系统宗旨和战略目标等一系列动态过程的总和。

物流第一次大作业

物流第一次大作业

一、试分析SWOT分析法答:SWOT(strengths Weakness Opportunity Threats)分析法,又称为态势分析法或优劣势分析法,用来确定企业自身的竞争优势(strength)、竞争劣势(weakness)、机会(opportunity)和威胁(threat),从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机地结合起来。

运用这种方法,可以对研究对象所处的情景进行全面、系统、准确的研究,从而根据研究结果制定相应的发展战略、计划以及对策等。

S,W是优势与劣势分析,S (strengths)、W (weaknesses)是内部因素。

O,T是机会与威胁分析。

O (opportunities)、T (threats) 是外部因素。

按照企业竞争战略的完整概念,战略应是一个企业“能够做的”(即组织的强项和弱项)和“可能做的”(即环境的机会和威胁)之间的有机组合SWOT分析方法从某种意义上来说隶属于企业内部分析方法,即根据企业自身的既定内在条件进行分析。

SWOT分析有其形成的基础。

著名的竞争战略专家迈克尔.波特提出的竞争理论从产业结构入手对一个企业“可能做的”方面进行了透彻的分析和说明,而能力学派管理学家则运用价值链解构企业的价值创造过程,注重对公司的资源和能力的分析。

SWOT分析,就是在综合了前面两者的基础上,以资源学派学者为代表,将公司的内部分析(即20世纪80年代中期管理学界权威们所关注的研究取向,以能力学派为代表)与产业竞争环境的外部分析(即更早期战略研究所关注的中心主题,以安德鲁斯与迈克尔.波特为代表)结合起来,形成了自己结构化的平衡系统分析体系。

与其他的分析方法相比较,SWOT分析从一开始就具有显著的结构化和系统性的特征。

就结构化而言,首先在形式上,SWOT分析法表现为构造SWOT结构矩阵,并对矩阵的不同区域赋予了不同分析意义;其次内容上,SWOT 分析法的主要理论基础也强调从结构分析入手对企业的外部环境和内部资源进行分析。

2013物流学第一次作业

2013物流学第一次作业

第一章 物流学概论一、单选题1. 现代物流的概念源于 ( A. 第一次世界大战期间 C 二十世纪七十年代)。

B. 第二次世界大战期间 D.二十世纪九十年代2. 现代物流管理的首要目标是 A. 降低成本 C. 满足顾客需要3. 商流与物流的关系 ( A. 相互独立,毫无关系 C 物流是商流的先导)。

B. 关系密切,相辅相成 D. 商物不分离4.通过物流理论的研究,物流概念产生的原因是 ( )。

A. 经济原因和管理原因B.企业原因和军事原因C. 经济原因和军事原因D.理论原因和企业原因5. 现代物流与传统储运的最本质区别是 ( )。

A.要素集成化 B.反应迅速化 C •信息电子化D •组织网络化6•物流合理化的要求是( )。

A. 通过高成本实现高水平服务 B •通过低水平服务节省成本•C. 以尽可能低的总成本达到既定的服务水平D. 以最低的成本实现最高水平的服务 7. 物流结点上所不能完成的物流功能是( )。

A.仓储 B.运输C 装卸 D.流通加工8.在企业物流中,物流按其所处生产经营环节的不同,可分为 ( )A. 供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流及废弃物流B. 区域物流、国内物流和国际物流C. 微观物流和宏观物流D. 企业物流和社会物流 9. 下列对于物流的有关说法,错误的是 ()( )。

B.提高作业效率 D.取得利润A.物流的对象应该包括“人”B.物流业不是一个产业C物流过程需要一体化 D.物流包含储运10. 以下关于物流产业的说法错误的是(A.物流产业是单一行业B.物流产业是基础产业 C 物流产业是服务业 D •物流产业是综合性产业二、名词解释 11. 现代物流 三、简答题12. 简述物流系统的功能要素。

第二章 物流系统一、单选题 1.对于物流系统的含义,下列( )是不正确的。

A.构成物流系统的各要素达到最优,即可使整个物流系统达到最优B •物流系统由运输、仓储、包装、装卸搬运、配送、流通加工、物流信息等环节组成C 物流系统整体优化的目的就是要使输入的最少,输出的物流服务效果最佳 D.物流系统存在一定的目标 2. 物流系统分析是以( A. 运用各种定量方法研究 B. 特定问题研究 C 整体效益D.决策者求得有利的决策4.物流系统设计的核心是( )。

物流第一次作业

物流第一次作业

观《中国物流的瓶颈系列》有感市场营销0932班18号梁湘随着经济全球化,社会分工日趋细化,市场需求不断变化,物流在社会经济中的重要作用越来越突出,对物流的要求也越来越高,从提供简单的运输、仓储业务,发展到提供供应链集成服务。

而且随着我国加入WTO后对服务业的开放,大量国外的物流公司涌入国内市场,这些物流公司凭借着强大的资源、技术、管理优势,以及多年的运作经验,已经并将持续对我国的物流市场产生冲击,进一步抢占我国物流企业原有的市场份额,竞争的格局将会更加激烈。

目前我国从事物流行业的公司已有数万家,它们中既有大型物流企业又有中小型物流企业。

但总体来说大型物流企业较少,大多数物流企业为中小型企业。

这些中小型物流企业大多从传统的专业性的运输企业、仓储企业、货运代理企业等转变而来。

它们大多数提供区域性物流服务,服务范围较窄、功能单一,形成了以轻资产为优势的中小型物流企业阵营。

尽管这些中小型物流企业各具产业和地方特色,但无论从物流服务提供的角度,还是从资产规模和服务地域角度都明显不如大型物流企业。

一、我国中小型物流企业的发展瓶颈(1)服务能力低,市场辐射小。

我国大多数中小型物流企业都是从传统的储运企业转型而来,除少数中小型物流企业初步具备了专业化物流机能和柔性化的综合物流能力外,大部分中小型物流企业由于规模偏小而服务能力十分有限,难以提供大批量、多批次、跨地区的物流服务,有的甚至只能在城市等小区域范围内活动,很难实现向周边地区的辐射。

(2)服务功能单一,竞争力低。

多数中小型物流企业仍以局部的、分段的物流服务为主,不能提供物流方案设计和全程一站式物流服务等高层次的物流服务,加之企业内部缺乏必要的管理规程和服务规范,在服务质量上比较欠缺,在市场声誉方面缺乏可信度,在市场竞争中处于劣势,难与大企业抗衡。

(3)各自为政,布局不合理。

各个物流企业为了争夺市场、开辟渠道,出于自身利益和方便的考虑,纷纷建立自己的物流网络,拥有自己的物流设施。

物流学作业答案

物流学作业答案

物流学作业答案第一部分判断题我国发展现代物流的基本前提是市场经济。

J企业主要的组织结构逐步从横向型转变为纵向型。

*由于企业增值环节减少,企业对物流的要求必然越来越高。

J现代物流装备的发展,为现代物流的发展奠定了坚实的基础。

其代表有很多,比如集装箱、托盘等。

J可以说,没有现代化的信息技术作为支撑,就没有现代物流。

物流信息是物流系统的灵魂。

V现代物流具有显明的信息化特征。

JPhysical Distribution系统涵盖了与采购相关的原材料、在制品、零部件的流动和保管、制造支援以及销售物流三个子系统加以整合后的全过程。

X供应链物流系统,即SCM的特征是:从原材料、零部件的供应企业到制品生产企业、批发企业、零售企业(最终顾客),将生产、流通和消费的全过程的物流活动作为控制对象,通过信息共享来达到生产流通全过程的物流合理化。

V物流是指物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。

根据实际需要,将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。

V最初的物流系统化是以中小企业为中心展开的,随着信息技术的进步和物流意识的增强,大企业也开始注重物流系统化。

X随着物流系统化思想的推广、普及,国民经济宏观领域也引入物流概念,出现在物流规划、物流基础设施建设、物流政策、物流法规等方面。

V生产物流是指为生产企业提供原材料、零部件或其他物品时,物品在提供者与需求者之间的实体流动。

X供应物流是指生产过程中,原材料、在制品、半成品、产成品等,在企业内部的实体流动。

X 销售物流是指生产企业、流通企业出售商品时,物品在供方与需方之间的实体流动。

V废弃物物流是指将经济活动中失去原有使用价值的物品,根据实际需要进行收集、分类、加工、包装、搬运、储存等,并分送到专门处理场所时形成的物品实体流动。

V回收物流是指不合格物品的返修、退货以及周转使用的包装容器从需方返回到供方所形成的物品实体流动。

V物流概念首先是物流企业的概念。

【VIP专享】物流管理作业1-3

【VIP专享】物流管理作业1-3

物流管理作业(Chapter1-3)Chapter1:1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditional distributionchannels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences.Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a common practice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systems are capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristic of traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect of six sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout a supply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing beliefwas the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharing andprocess specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the concept ofintegrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers provide a range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. With the regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providers started offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation andwarehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportation industry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models. Whyhas responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations?Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models is timingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available, and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. All the work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planning and rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has been made possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to order model however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doing that.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement.Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reduces the anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the other form depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goal of this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paint color at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’s request. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the risk of anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’s home as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization and cashspin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional business the benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2% net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits can be shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achieve supply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to perform and be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supply chain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chain management could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that the public does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate to or guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually or collectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth. However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on to consumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that as supply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operating efficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits of more precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplus goods.Chapter2:1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics.Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. The following are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, a warehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks need not hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier realizes when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of product processing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation also prevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should either improve packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and less damage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they are likely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss and elaborate the following statement: "The selection of a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create substantial competitive advantage” holds true with regard to logistical networks. The network design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps a competitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” of being located near customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior service performance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also be designed for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventory holding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates, competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers to provide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient network design.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they are initiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firm and considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erratic nature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics cost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased over the last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this has increased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significant portion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have high customer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment. However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed and operated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles as they relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flow of materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. The scope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much more time. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative to finished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive into facility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of a firm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cycle more direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production. These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-process inventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thus they are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processing and delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economical product availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturing efforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy must improve toreduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods, the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty of customers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give anexample of each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation represent links between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas links represent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities where materials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained. Inventory that is in between nodes is called “in transit”.8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does the concept oftotal quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder – that is, the definition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue a quest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the service qualities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions of service, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevance in logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to provide customers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly value suppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, and without damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected and reworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes are corrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tend to rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, each with its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. If cycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. If the cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echeloned anddirect structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. The inventory is position to meet the customers’ requirements faster. Typical echelon systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3:1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing. Howdo these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examplesof the different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple as this may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time, money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product available to meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stock inventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, and Orders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at any point in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8 percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that a stockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation of all stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned to provide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not consider that some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is the starting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate: For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedure is to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combination of customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate the level of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result in a stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the items are not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customer may accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short。

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《物流学》第二次作业
第五章包装
一、单选题
1.包装的衬垫应防止容器物体移动并起到()
A.减震作用
B.防腐作用
C.防霉作用
D.防辐射作用
2.包装的最主要功能是( )。

A.促销B.美化
C.保护D.运输
3.哪种包装的规格是影响物流效率的重要因素,它要求尺寸与托盘、搬运设备相适应,同时要求具有承重、耐冲击和抗压等能力()。

A.个装B.内装
C.外装D.整装
4.下列不属于纸类材料的优点的是()。

A.成本低廉B.卫生安全
C.资源消耗大D.质量轻
5.食品包装上主要用于食用油、酱油及不含气饮料等液态食品包装的塑料瓶是()。

A.PVC B.PE C.PET D.PP
6.()是指对生态环境和人体健康无害,能循环复用和再生利用,可促进国民经济持续发展的包装。

A.可溶性包装B.可食性包装
C.保鲜包装D.绿色包装
7.巴氏灭菌技术是指在()温度以下进行杀菌。

A.低于100℃B.100—135 ℃
C.135—150℃D.高于150 ℃
8.纸包装、木包装、塑料包装等是按包装的( )进行分类的。

A.产品性质B.商品内容
C.材料D.形态
9.葡萄酒的包装多采用()。

A.塑料瓶B.橡木桶
C.金属包装D.玻璃包装
10.()柔韧结实,机械强度高,富有弹性,而且抗水性、防潮性和印刷性良好,用途十分广泛,大量用于食品的销售包装和运输包装。

A.牛皮纸B.羊皮纸
C.鸡皮纸D.玻璃纸
11.超高温短时间灭菌技术是指在()的温度下进行杀菌。

A.低于100℃B.100—135 ℃
C.135—150℃D.高于150 ℃
二、判断题
12.按包装功能可分为工业包装和商业包装。

工业包装也称为运输包装,其目的是保证商品在运输、保管、装卸搬运过程中保持商品的完好。

13.产品包装处于生产的始点,又是进入流通领域商品物流链的终点。

14.包装的目的就是为了保护产品,便于储存和运输。

三、简答题
15.什么是包装合理化?如何实现包装合理化?
第六章仓储与库存管理
一、选择题
1.为了降低物流成本,仓库应该()。

A.进货速度越快越好B.应该保持足够多的库存
C.不能有任何缺货;D.使货物通过的速度越快越好。

2.库存货物的定货点是()。

A.定货时间B.定货地点
C.剩余库存量水平D.仓库内货物的存放地点
3.安全库存量是()。

A.防止货物剩余积压的最大数量限制
B.防止货物对仓库货架造成危害对货物数量的限制
C.防止由于意外的过量出货可能造成缺货而多存储的货物
D.防止由于仓库进货不及时可能造成的缺货而多储存的备货
4.ABC库存分类法中,A类库存品的( )。

A.金额占75%~80%,品种占15%~20%
B.金额占10%~15%,品种占20%~25%
C.金额占5%~10%,品种占60%~65%
D.金额占50%,品种占50%
5.仓库对储存商品进行保管帐、卡和实存数量等方面的核对工作称为( )。

A.数量验收B.库存盘点
C.单货核对D.复核
6.以下不属于自动化立体仓库的特点的是( )。

A.用高层货架存储商品
B.自动存取
C.计算机控制
D.建设成本低
7.下列关于商品入库作业说法正确的是( )。

A.计数商品可以允许有少量误差
B.计重商品不允许有误差
C.商品包装的验收不仅要检查外观还要检查其含水情况
D.仓库发现入库商品单货不符时,可以先安排入库,之后再补足
二、简答题
8.试述仓储保管作业的基本流程?
三、案例分析
9. 作为中国最大的家电制造业集团,海尔集团近年面临国内国际同行业的激烈竞争。

对外购件,海尔集团在战略上寻求新的、更有利的经营途径。

1998年底,海尔集团以现代物流革命为突破口,为了使有限的时间、资金、人力等企业资源得到更有效的利用,对外购件的库存管理进行了研究,把外购件库存物资进行分类,将管理的重点放在重要的库存物资上。

结果如下所述:
第一,对企业所需的800种外购件按总消耗金额进行了ABC分级管理。

A级外购件:品种占总品种的5.8%,金额占总消耗金额的78%;
B级外购件:品种占总品种的25.2%,金额占总消耗金额的16%;
C级外购件:品种占总品种的69%,金额占总消耗金额的6%。

第二,海尔集团为使总成本达到最低,对每种外购件都制定一个订货批量,并且对其中的某一外购件D计算了有关的库存管理参数。

其中,该外购件D年需求量为2400箱,单位商品年保管费为6元,每次订货成本为8元。

通过计算,在满足服务需求的条件下,库存占用资金可大幅度下降。

试结合以上案例,回答下面的问题:
(1)ABC管理法的基本原理是什么?
(2)试求外购件D的经济批量。

第七章采购管理
一、选择题
1.下面哪项不是采购与供应管理对于企业的作用( )。

A.利润杠杆效应B.资产收益率效应
C.提高企业竞争地位和顾客满意度D.牛鞭效应
2.在下列采购类别中,那一个不属于按采购制度进行分类的类别()。

A.政府采购B.集中采购C.分散采购D.混合采购
3.为了做好采购工作,采购部门应该承担许多职责,其中有管理层面的,也有作业层面的。

在下面各项职能描述中,哪一项是属于管理层面的职能()。

A.协助供应商建立品质管理制度B.提供长期的需求计划给供应商
C.编制年度采购计划与预算D.提供技术及测试仪器,使供应商生产更佳的产品
4.全球化采购可以实施是由许多原因造成的,下列哪项不是原因()。

A.更低的价格B.更高的质量
C.竞争的需要D.没有风险
二、简答题
5.JIT采购的含义是什么?。

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