初三英语被动语态讲解与精练

初中英语被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／be going to be＋spoken过去将来时：would／be going to be＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken过去进行时：was／were being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。

The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。

My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will be +done; would be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。

A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。

I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。

The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。

A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。

5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) literatureTwo hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。

The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。

Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。

6．过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。

She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。

He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.五、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

（3）表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。

It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。

It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。

其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议六、动词的主动形式表示被动之意（1）以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。

The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。

This book sells well.这本书畅销。

（2）下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take placeAn accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。

An accident happened yesterday.（）七、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.专项练习1( ) 1 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.A. speaksB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is spoken( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.A. often singsB. often sangC. is often sangD. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.A. is usedB. are usingC. are usedD. have used( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.A. keepB. be keptC. to be keptD. to keep( ) 7 The classroom ____________every day.A. cleansB. is cleaning C .is cleaned D. has cleaned()8 The flowers___often.A. must be waterB. must be wateredC. must wateredD. must water() 9You may go fishing if your work__________.A. is doneB. will be done C .has done D. done()10 I wasn’t at home yesterday. I _____ to help the farmers.A. askedB. am askedC. was askedD. was asking()11 A lot of food __________ to that country after the war was over.A. was sentB.is sentC. were sentD. is sending( )12 Japanese _________ in every country.A. is not spokenB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is not speaking( )13.Tea ___ in the south of China.A. growsB. is grownC. were grownD. will grow( )14 The bridges___ two years ago.A.is builtB. builtC. were builtD. was built( )15. A wonderful English talk _____ by Mr Liu tomorrow.A. has been givenB. is givenC. is being givenD. will be given专项练习2( )1. Good books ____ again and again.A. should be readedB. should be readC. must read( )2. The children ____ by the nurse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked after( )3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.A. gave, didn't listenB. was given, wasn't listenedC. was given, didn't listen( )4. When____ the accident _____ ?A. was, happenB. did, happenC. was, happened( )5. The question ____ by us soon.A. will discussB. is going to be discussedC. has been discussed( )6. The lab ____ about five years ago.A. was buildedB. was builtC. has been built( )7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set up( )8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finishedB. have finishedC. had been finished( )9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.A. is…grownB. is…grewC. was…grown( )10. He ____ by the teachers.A. is always praisedB. always is praisedC. have been praised( )11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ .A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are openC. have been taken, are opened( )12. The picture______ in October, 1996.A. was takingB. had been takenC. was taken( )13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .A. has been repairedB. is repairedC. is being repaired( )14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shownB. showedC. have shown( )15. Oh, the milk____ strange. Do you think it ‘s OK to drink？A was tastedB tastesC is tasting综合练习Ⅱ. 完形填空（10分）I used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day. One day I asked her why she practiced so16 . She said, “I like basketball and I wa nt to be the 17 player. My dad told me, ‘If the dreamis big enough, the facts don’t count.’”She never changed her mind. She practiced basketball every day. 18 one day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass 19 . I asked her what was wrong. She told me that her coach said she was 20 short to be a good basketball player. She was heartbroken. Then her father said to her, “If you 21 want to be a good basketball player, nothing but you 22 can stop your dream.” He told her 23 , “If the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”The next year, she and her team went to a big match. She was 24 by a coach of a famous team and was given a chance to the 25 basketball team.( )16. A. few B. little C. much D. hardly( )17. A. good B. better C. well D. best( )18. A. And B. But C. So D. First of all( )19. A. happily B. sleepily C. sadly D. noisily( )20. A. so B. very C. quite D. too( )21. A. really B. possibly C. badly D. successfully( )22. A. himself B. yourself C. herself D. yourselves( )23. A. often B. again C. always D. ever( )24. A. allowed B. taught C. refused D. noticed( )25. A. men’s B. women’s C. children’s D. adults’Ⅲ. 阅读理解（30分）1970 was “World Conservation Year”. The UN wanted everyone to know that theworld was in danger – they hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve (保护) nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only remain 860. The others have been destroyed(毁坏) by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives here. We can’t live without these things. If it continues like this, we shall destroy ourselves.What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we donow?” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called NOONE’S GOING TO CH ANGE OUR WORLD. It was made by the Beatles and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.( ) 36. The UN set up “World Conservation Year” because.A. the world was in danger of warB. the government had done something to protect the worldC. many things were destroyed by the technologyD. man and his technology destroyed the earth badly( ) 37. Kinds of plants have disappeared in Holland in the past few years.A .860 B. 440 C. 1,300 D. 2,160( ) 38. “NO ONE’S GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD” is.A. a recordB. a songC. a bookD. a CD( ) 39. It is impossible to save our world if we .A. plant treesB. clean the banks of riversC. pick rubbish listen to the record( ) 40. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. he people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of todayB. hat will happen in the world in the futureC. conservation of nature is necessaryD. everyone has known the importance of conservation of nature since 1970IV、首字母填空One day I found a little girl sitting in the park sadly. Lots of people passed by but never s__________(51) to see why she looked so sad. As I got closer I saw that her b________(52) had a strange shape. That’s a hump (驼背)! Perhaps that was the r__________ (53) why people just passed by and make no effort to help. I sat down beside her and said, “Hello!” Then she, in a low voice, said, “Hi.”I smiled and she smiled b_________ (54) , shyly. Then we talked there u_________ (51) it got dark. I asked the girl why she was so sad. She looked at me and said with a sad face, “Because of the hump.”“But, you make me t_________ (56) of an angel (天使), sweet and friendly,” I said. She looked at me and asked, “Really?” I said, “Yes, I think you are an angel and you come here to watch over all those people walking by.” When she h ________ (57) this, the little girl jumped up. “I am! I’m an angel!” I was happy because she was no sad any m ________(58).After that, my life also changed. I learned h_________ (59) to share both happiness and sadness with others. I believe now we give something to others in the s_________ (60) way we get the same.51、s 52、b 53、r 54、b 55、u56、t 57、h 58、m 59、h 60、s趣味天地1）猜谜语1. What kind of dog never bite（咬）? ___________2. It lives in a case. When you want to write something, it can help you. _______3. What always goes up but never goes down? ________4. Which three letters can frighten a thief away? _______2）小幽默He WonTommy: How is your little brother, Johnny?Johnny: He is ill in bed. He hurt himself.Tommy: That’s too bad. How did that happen?Johnny: We played who could lean(倾斜) furthest(最远) out of the window, and he won.My sister’s fingersTeacher: Kevin, why are you late this time?Kevin: Please sir, I bruised(挫伤) two fingers knocking in a nail（钉子）at home.Teacher: I don’t see a ny bandages(绷带).Kevin: Oh, they were’t my fingers! I told my little sister to hold the nail.。