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2011年全国职称英语卫生类(B级)真题及答案解析

2011年全国职称英语卫生类（B级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A.boringB.humorousC.originalD.long2.In the process， the light energy converts to heat energy.A.reducesB. dropsC. leavesD.changes3.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A.doubtB.surpriseC.loveD.anger4.The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.A.killedB.caughtC.foundD.jailed5.Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.A. destroyB.transferC.updateD.establish6.If we leave now，we should miss the the traffic.A.avoidB.mixC.stopD.direct7. He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.ingB.denyingC. sharingD.developing8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A.closeB.sellbineD.break9.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.A.allowedB.keptC.limitedD.stopped10. 1 want to provide my boys with a decent education.A.specialB.generalC.privateD.good11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here？A. advertisementB. replacementC.advancementD.retirement12.We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.A.regularB.clearC.quickD.great13. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A.similarB.badC.politeual14. There was a profound silence after his remark.A.shortB.suddenC. deepD.proud15. The document was compileded by the Department of Health.A.printedB. sentC.writtenD. attached第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease."However，this is still too many women and incidence（发生率）of the disease is increasing year by year."The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned笫3部分：概括大意与完成句子「第23 ~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 -26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27 - 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案（word版）（4）

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案（word版）（4）第四部分：阅读理解短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School ofEducation ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by oneintelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31.What is the main idea of this passage ?A. The importance of intelligence .B. The development of intelligence tests .C. How to understand intelligence .D. How to become intelligent .答案：C32.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oraltests .答案：A33.Gardner believes that ________ .A. all children are alike .B. children have different intelligences .C. children should take one intelligence test .D. there is no general intelligence .答案：B34.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .A. test students’ IQs .B. train students who do poorly on tests .C. focus on finding the most intelligent students .D. promote development of all intelligences .答案：D45.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. biological foundation .B. musical foundation .C. intrapersonal foundation .D. linguistic foundation .答案：A第二篇The Worker's Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellersof labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.A. seldom obtained workers’opinionsB. were not qualifiedC. disliked “suggestion boxes”D. never consulted the labor force.答案：B37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.A. are no longer sellers of the productsB. are less affected by company decisions than before.C. are able to make final decisions for the company.D. should have a say in management of the company.答案：D38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. seniorB. ordinaryC. intelligentD. capable答案：B39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B. Workers did not make necessary concession.C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.答案：C40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits.C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.答案：A第三篇Obesity(肥胖) in the Western WorldObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference —— of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”Another expert Hermann T oplak said that the state healthservices should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”Ludvik said that p revention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与……相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.41.Which of the following is true about obesiA. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity.B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.C.20% of the people in the world are overweight.D.Obesity should be cured with new medication42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree?A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity.C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease.答案：D43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______.A. health insuranceB. preventive programsC. state health servicesD. obesity-related surgeries答案：B44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?A. DiabetesB. High blood pressureC. StomachacheD. Adipose tissue complaints答案：A45.”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people_____.A. reducing their weightB. eating fast foodC. getting obeseD. spending too much time in front of TV sets答案：C。

2011年职称英语综合类B真题

2011 年职称英语综合B 真题第1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1 分，共15 分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1.We need to extract the relevant financial data.A storeB saveC reviewD obtain2.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. Mended3.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB thinkingC sayingD knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB turnedC movedD reformed6. Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A.heldB.expected C offered. D increased7.We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limitB systemC procedureD status8.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand9.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A generalB traditional Cmagnificent Dstrong11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A reportedB admittedC hoped Danswered12.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A reason Bchoice C idea D decision13. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. effortB. problemC. influenceD. concern14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conferenceA. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted15.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A.relativeB.generalC.continuousD.sharp第2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案(word版)

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案(word版) 第一局部：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线局部意义最相近的词或短语。

1.London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. suessfulD. mercial答案：A2.It was a magic night unitil the spell was broken.A. charmB. timeC. spaceD. opportunity答案：A3.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine答案：B4.The mittee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC. summarizeD. furnish答案：D5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. angerC. calmD. disappointment答案：D6.His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C7.His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：C8.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. inflexibleB. hiddenC. traditionalD. official答案：A9.Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. brokenC. replacedD. fixed答案：B10.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model答案：B11.His professional career spanned 16 years.A. lastedB. startedC. changedD. moved答案：A12.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. partsB. aspectsC. painsD. results答案：C13.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D14.The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D15.He led a very moral life.A. humanB. honourableC. intelligentD. natural答案：B。

2011年职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案

2011年职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>/zZnTL（复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问）更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题-1分;共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washed .D. mended3.She always finds fault with everything. .A.simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increased .C. expectedD. offered7.We have to act within the existing legal frameworkA. limitC. statusB. procedureD. system8.Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalC. strongB. traditionalD. magnificent .11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered12.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on ourlivesA. effortC. concernB. problemD. influence14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredC. acceptedB. includedD. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousC. generalB. relativeD. sharp第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类(B级)

2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类(B级)2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended3.She always finds fault with everything. .A.simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increased .C. expectedD. offered7.We have to act within the existing legal frameworkA. limitC. statusB. procedureD. system8.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalB. traditionalC. strongD. magnificent .11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered12.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on ourlivesA. effortB. problemC. concernD. influence14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredB. includedC. acceptedD. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousB. relativeC. generalD. sharp第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.TraveIAcross AfricaFor six hours we shot through the barren （荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending，Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth，a beautiful leather notebook l‘d bought in.a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations.The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls，the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta inBotswana.And then the other things：dogs in the streets，whole families in Soweto living in one room，。

职称英语等级考试卫生类B级考试真题及答案

A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A reduced?B moved??C turned D reformed
15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.
A spend B take C last D stand
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."

卫生类_2011年B级真题_2014年版

1、第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A:admittedB:reportedC:hopedD:answered答案:A解析:confess 这个动词是"坦白、交代、承认"的意思，admit 也是"承认"的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用。

2、We need to extract the relevant financial data.A:storeB:saveC:reviewD:obtain答案:D解析:extract作动词用是“获得、获取”的意思，在四个选项中只有obtain具有这样的意义，又如：extract help,extract satisfaction,extract information等。

3、Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A:heldB:increasedD:offered答案:B解析:accelerate 这个动词原意是"加速"，如: The trains have been accelerated. 火车提速了；The steps to implement the plan are being accelerated. 执行该计划的步伐正在加速。

在本句中accelerate his sale of shares（加速出售他的股票），无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选increased。

4、The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A:choiceB:ideaC:decisionD:reason答案:D解析:motive 是"动机" 的意思，the motive for (doing) something即为"做某事的动机"，reason 是"理由"，the motive for the murder 和the reason for the murder 是同一意思。

2011年职称英语考试综合类B级真题答案解析

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项1 A confess 这个动词是"坦白、交代、承认"的意思，admit也是"承认"的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用。

2 D extract 作动词用是"获得、获取"的意思，在四个选项中只有 obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。

3 B accelerate 这个动词原意是"加速"，如:The trains have been accelerated. 火车提速了; The steps 10 implement the plan are being accelerated. 执行该计划的步伐正在加速。

在本句中 accelerate his sale of shares (加速出售他的股票)，无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选 increased。

4 D motive 是"动机"的意思，the motive for (doing) something 即为"做某事的动机"，reason 是"理由"，the motive for the murder 和 the reason for the murder 是同一意思。

5 C impact 和 influence 是同义词，意为"影响"，又如:the impact of modem technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。

6 D shine 这个动词通常用于表示"发亮、发光" 的意思，如: The sun is shining. 但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是"擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮"的意思了。

2011年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级

2011年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment(B级)Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many coun tries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely d epending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studie s reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abus ed as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological ab use).Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deat hs due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term c onsequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain de velopment. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune system s. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physi cal and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, malt reatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. 4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, i ncluding costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term h ealth costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk facto rs are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attem pting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for 5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelih ood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6练习：1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to t he following factors EXCEPT _____ according to the passage. 根据短文，________不是造成评估全球儿童虐待蔓延程度的原因。

职称英语综合类B级真题2011年

职称英语综合类B级真题2011年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We need to extract the relevant financial dat∙ a.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 题意：我们需要获取相关的财政数据。

划线词的词义是“提取，获取”。

A项store意为贮存；例句：The barn can store five tons of grain．这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。

B项obtain意为获得；例句：He failed to obtain a scholarship．他没有获得奖学金。

C项save意为节省；例句：I lent him my bike in order that he could save time．我把自行车借给他，以便他能节省一些时间。

D项review意为复习。

例句：Before the examination we have a review of the term's work．考试之前，我们会复习这一学期的功课。

很明显B项正确。

2.His shoes were shined to perfection.∙ A. cleared∙ B. polished∙ C. washed∙ D. mended（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。

划线词shine(vt.)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)。

”A项clear意为澄清；扫除；例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。

B项polish意为擦亮；抛光；例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。

2011年全国职称英语卫生类(B级)真题及答案解析

2011年全国职称英语卫生类（B级）真题及答案解析第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A admittedB reportedC hoped Danswered2 We need to extract the relevant financial data.A storeB saveC reviewD obtain3 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A heldB increasedC expectedD offered4 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choiceB ideaC decisionD reason5 The high-speed trains can have major impact on our livesA effortB problemC influenceD concern6 His shoes were shined to perfection.A clearedB washedC mendedD polished7 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offeredB includedC investigatedD accepted8 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuousB relativeC generalD sharp9 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A sayingB doubtingC thinkingD knowing10 We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limitB systemC procedureD status11 She always finds fault with everything.A simplifiesB evaluatesC examinesD criticizes12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificentB generalC traditionalD strong13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB understandC attachD lose14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A reducedB movedC turnedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising." The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar(腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugsprescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2011年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案

2011 年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试题第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.23458910111214 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turnedB reducedC movedD reformed15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Relieving the Pain"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain," say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain, "People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising." The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar(腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. "It's crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. "Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I've just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy(理疗) a week in a traditional hospital program. "The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. "Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2011年职称英语考试综合类(B级)考试真题及答案解析

2011年职称英语考试综合类（B级）考试真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分），’下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washed .D. mended3.She always finds fault with everything. .A.simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increased .C. expectedD. offered7.We have to act within the existing legal frameworkC. statusB. procedureD. system8.Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalC. strongB. traditionalD. magnificent .11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedD. answered12.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on ourlivesA. effortC. concernB. problemD. influence14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredC. acceptedB. includedD. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousC. generalB. relativeD. sharp第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年职称英语考试卫生类B级试题及答案

2011年职称英语等级考试真题(卫生类B级)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours．A．spend B．take C．last D．stand2．At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened．A．give B．attach C．understand D．lose3．His shoes were shined to perfection．A．cleared B．washed C．mended D．polished4．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer．A．reported B．hoped C．answered D．admitted5．We have to act within the existing legal framework．A．system B．limit C．procedure D．status6．The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives．A．effort B．problem C．influence D．concern7．The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses．A．relative B．general C．continuous D．sharp8．They converted the spare bedroom into an office．A．reduced B．turned C．moved D．reformed9．Mr．Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year．A．held B．increased C．expected D．offered10．We need to extract the relevant financial data．A．obtain B．store C．save D．review11．The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy．A．choice B．idea C．decision D．reason12．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference．A．investigated B．offered C．included D．accepted13．Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do．A．saying B．doubting C．thinking D．knowing14．She always finds fault with everything．A．simplifies B．criticizes C．evaluates D．examines15．The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular．A．general B．traditional C．magnificent D．strong16．To treat pain，patients should stop moving around．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned17．Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned18．Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned19．Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned20．Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned21．Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned22．New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely．A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案(word版)(2)

职称英语卫生类B级真题及答案(word版)(2) 第二局部：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Some Schooling on BackpacksAording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B17.70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B18.Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A19.A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B20.Children should put all the books in their locker.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B21.Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：C22.A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A。

2011年职称英语考试试题--综合类B级(完整版)

2011一、词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

二、阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

三、概括大意完成句子
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

四、阅读理解
五、补全短文
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

六、完形填空
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

一、词汇选项
1、B,obtain
2、B,polished
3、C,criticizes
4、C,saying
5、D,turned
6、B,increased
7、D,system
8、C,stand
9、C,understand
10、D,magnificent
11、A,admitted
12、D,reason
13、D,influence
14、D,investigated
15、A,continuous
二、阅读判断
三、概括大意完成句子
四、阅读理解
五、补全短文
六、完形填空。