托福阅读难句精选翻译【PDF】
托福阅读长难句精选篇
托福阅读长难句精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读长难句1今日我们来看这样一个句子：这个句子看似不长，但有点抽象，看看大家能不能一遍或两遍就能看懂。
One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measureof what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. (TPO10, 38)我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。
One of the most difficult aspects (of deciding)(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) is that it is hard to get a measure of (what constitutes the natural variability of the climate).(TPO10, 38)老邪分析：这个句子的主干就是：One of the most difficult aspects is that修饰一：(of deciding) ，介词短语，修饰aspects中文：确定修饰二：(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of theimpact of human activities) ，宾语从句，中文：现在气候大事是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据修饰三：(what constitutes the natural variability of the climate) ，宾语从句中文：什么组成了气候的自然可变性参考翻译：确定现在气候大事是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据，其中最大困难之一在于很难去测量是什么组成了气候的自然可变性。
经典托福阅读长难句翻译
1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。
打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。
而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。
2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the earlyindustrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。
3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.【译文】在第二个案例中，传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。
托福阅读长难句分析
托福阅读长难句分析为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读长难句1The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships:eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, andeventually oil). (TPO18, 59)mercantile /mɜːk(ə)ntaɪl/ adj. 贸易的，商业的exceptional /ɪksɛpʃənl/ adj. 特别的，杰出的，突出的我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解The people of the Netherlands, (with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping),had difficulty (in developing good harbors suitable for steamships): eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, (with exceptional results) (for transit trade with Germanyand central Europe) and (for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and rawmaterials) (sugar,tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). (TPO18, 59)托福阅读长难句100句分析：修饰一：(with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping) ，介词短语，修饰The people of the Netherlands中文：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统修饰二：(in developing good harbors suitable for steamships) ，介词短语中文：在进展适合蒸汽船的好港口修饰三：(with exceptional results) ，介词短语中文：有杰出的成果修饰四：(for transit trade with Germany and central Europe) ，介词短语中文：由于和德国以及中欧的贸易修饰五：(for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials) ，介词短语中文：加工海洋产品以及原材料托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：有着长期渔业和商业海运传统的荷兰人，在进展适合蒸汽船的好港口上有困难：最终他们在Rotterdam and Amsterdam这样做了，并由于和欧洲以及中欧的贸易以及加工海洋产品以及原材料(如糖、烟草、巧克力、谷物以及油)，从而取得了杰出的成果。
托福阅读难点句子200句(附译文)
托福阅读难点句子200句1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver‘s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds....。
(完整word版)新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)1。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space。
(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2。
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
TPO托福阅读精选难句翻译
TPO托福阅读精选难句翻译托福阅读除了需要考生具备大量的词汇之外，还需要考生具备语法过硬，但是还是有不少学生败给了从句，下面我们将全套TPO里面出现过的难句，全部摘录出来，分享给大家，祝大家备战托福阅读。
1.Two species of these finches, named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than meet in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of North American and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees.以他们上部和较低部分的嘴的交叉命名，而不是中间部分相遇的部分命名，这两种雀类居住在北美四季常青的森林里并且以包含在锥状的松果树球内的种子为食。
2.The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Central Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada.主要变化的开端在18世纪60年代晚期被预示了，当时在太平洋铁路联合体最后开始建设从Omaha的城市中心平原到连接太平洋铁路中心向西的铁路，它推进了从加利福尼亚穿过Sierra Nevada的重重险阻向东的铁路3.The argument that humans, even in prehistoric, had some number sense, at least to the extent of recognizing the concept of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group, seems fair, for studies have shown that some animal possess such a sense.关于人类即使是史前人类都具有一些数字的感觉的争论，当或多或少一些对象被从一个小团体内加入或拿走的概念，最后导致这个概念的认可，这看起来是公平的，因为研究表明一些动物拥也有这样的感觉。
托福阅读长难句(pdf)
名词性从句
Western Farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the expanding economy would keep farm prices high, thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due.
Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper t树i带m界b线内e通rl常in是常e绿. 树木 ,他们和处于上行树带界线处极端恶劣环境
Your company slogan
名词性从句
In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.
Your company slogan
TOFEL阅读难句精选翻译
1． Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might. 戴着⾯具⾝着盛装的⼈们，经常扮演各种其他⼈物、动物或超⾃然⽣灵，并且作为⼀个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼⼀个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降⾬的来临，阳光的重现的结果。
2．But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth. 但是这些事实不能解释这个令⼈感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在⼀个特殊的靠近他们出⽣的地⽅如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。
3．A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance. ⼗九世纪⼀系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传⼊、⾦属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产⽣了⼀种能容纳⽆数⾳调－从最精致的和弦到⼀个成熟管弦的声⾳或从⼀个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果－的乐器。
托福100长难句(中文部分)
参考译文1. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. 一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
7. 简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。
8. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。
9. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。
10. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。
11. 酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。
12. Billie Holiday’s 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。
14. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
15. 受当代灌溉（技术设施）之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。
16. 机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。
17. 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。
18. 真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。
19. 音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。
20. 虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。
21. 用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。
【阅读资料】托福阅读考试难点关键句200句汇总
【阅读资料】托福阅读考试难点关键句200句汇总今天小编和各位亲分享的是ibt阅读难句还包含译文哦哈哈需要的小伙赶紧看过来啦先来看一部分吧，如果需要再下载喽：阅读难点关键句200句(包括译文)1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.第一部分(1-20句译文)1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
托福阅读长难句20句(附翻译)
托福阅读长难句20句(附翻译)为了帮助大家高效备考托福，熟悉托福阅读长难句，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读长难句20句(附翻译)一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!1. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.1、根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。
2. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.2、这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环，主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。
3. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.3、一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了，前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了，而后者说她们依然那样。
4. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.4、他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。
托福阅读长难句翻译
托福阅读长难句翻译Photograph1.Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable andundesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.因为较少的了解自然的成因，所以他把期望的或者不期望发生的事情都归因于超自然或者神奇的力量，他们需要寻找一种工具去赢得这些力量的支持。
2.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision,since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.例如，这种情况的其中一个标志就是喜剧观点的出现，因为喜剧需要更充分的脱离，去把那些脱离社会准则的视为荒谬的，而不是把它作为对整个社会福利的威胁。
Glacial /Ice Age1.With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate between flakes and ice known as firn.因为进一步的融化，再结冰，和不断由新降雪导致不断增加的重量在上层，使得雪到达了一种颗粒状，再结晶的阶段介于冰片和冰的中间阶段被称为积雪。
托福阅读 长难句补充79句-含中文翻译
长难句补充1.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore．结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like．关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
托福--阅读长难句共34页文档36页PPT
谢谢
11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。——邓拓 12、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。——爱尔兰 13、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。——老子 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。——歌德 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。——迈克尔·F·斯特利
1、不要轻言放弃，否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人，常是愿意 去做，并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船，从未能从岸边走远。-戴尔．卡耐基。
梦 境
3、人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有 久久不会退去的余香。
托福阅读长难句共34页文档 4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美，我宁愿选择无悔，不管来生多么美丽，我不愿失 去今生对你的记忆，我不求天长地久的美景，我只要生生世世的轮 回里有你。
托福阅读TPO难句翻译
托福阅读TPO难句翻译2015年托福阅读TPO难句翻译汇总新版的“百句译”的课堂包括两个部分：(1)托福难句翻译;(2)对应真题解答;大家一定要把两个部分都完成：因为(1)难句翻译是最扎实的句子理解训练，最好能够抄写在额外的小本子上;(翻译时越纠结，印象就越深刻);(2)真题解答将能够矫正我们对于难句的理解(3)我们的微信课堂“百段写”第一课活动将是基于今天翻译的句子扩充开来的;课堂内容1：难句翻译If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.参考翻译：如果空隙很大,其中的水会以水滴形式存在,(水滴)太重超过吸引它的表面张力, 就会流走;但如果空隙足够小,水会以薄膜形式存在,(薄膜)太轻无法克服使它保持原位的表面张力,从而使水被牢牢地留住(在空隙表面上)。
英文原文:If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.TPO-1 (2005.11.8): Groundwater课堂内容2：与本次句子翻译相关的阅读题目Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it is strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.B. Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small pores through surface tension.C. Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.答案为：A知识点小结:1. 词组“exist as”意思是“作为......而存在,以......的形态存在”,比如:a. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.(以......的形态存在)物质以固体、液体或气体的.形态存在。
托福阅读长难句分析
托福阅读长难句分析托福阅读长难句解析：恐龙灭绝的原因Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs--except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. (TPO42, 56)allegedly/ə'ledʒidli/ adv.据称，据传闻大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, (which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs)--except (that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120million years of coexistence.) (TPO42, 56)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干就是：Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals修饰一：(which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs)，从句中文：据说它们吃掉了所有的恐龙蛋修饰二：(that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago,and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence.) ，从句注意这个从句里面还有一个从句：(that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence)中文：哺乳动物和恐龙同时出现在约190万年前的晚三叠世，没理由认为哺乳动物在和恐龙共同生活了120万年之后，忽然爱吃恐龙蛋了。
托福考试阅读理解难句讲解
托福考试阅读理解难句讲解2017年托福考试阅读理解难句讲解We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them head on, that's when we find out just how strong we really are.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年托福考试阅读理解难句讲解，希望能给大家带来帮助!task 1托福阅读长难句：But we need to be aware that when painters working in a naturalistic style make images that seem like untouched snapshots of actual objects, their skill can also render lifelike such fictions as a unicorn or a dragon.托福阅读长难句难点：大量生词+倒装+抽象语义的对应托福阅读长难句解析：首先扫清词汇问题：snapshots快抓照片，render导致…,使…呈现出…，fiction此处不能理解为“小说”，应结合语境取“虚构”之意，unicorn独角兽。
最大难点在“render lifelike such fictions”这个倒装结构的处理，这是将宾语补足语lifelike提前，正常语序为“render such fictions lifelike”，即“使得这些虚构看起来栩栩如生”。
(在1.7考试解析中也出现该考点)。
另外，注意整句话前后的转折对应上，“untouched snapshots of actual objects”与“lifelike such fictions as a unicorn or a dragon”是最大的对应，其中“actual objects(真实物体)”又与“fictions，unicorn，dragon(虚构，独角兽，龙)”对应。
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托福阅读难句精选翻译【PDF版】————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读难句精选翻译【PDF版】摘要：长难句是托福阅读的大障碍，理解不当对于做题有很大的影响。
因此攻克了长难句，相信大家会轻松不少，下面就为大家分析下如何攻克长难句，我们一起来学习一下。
本文为大家介绍的托福阅读长难句就是在托福阅读备考过程中我们经常会遇到的一些托福阅读的难点句型，正是由于这些托福阅读难点句型的存在使我们的托福阅读成绩很难获得高分，下面我们将这些句型汇总整理给大家，希望对大家的托福阅读考试会有一定的帮助。
1.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect - success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun - as an actor might.戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调-从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果-的乐器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as "silent", the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的，但用一句完全感性的话来说电影从来就不是没有声音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。
6. Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.更进一步，他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作，包含光滑，紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。
7. For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.在春季和夏季，要精确量度干旱、热量、冰雹、蝗虫和其他损失可能是一件疲劳的事情。
8. What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday "folks" who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.我们今天所谓的美国民间艺术，实际上是普通老百姓的艺术、被普通老百姓创造的艺术和为普通老百姓和日常提到的"民间人士"的艺术，是一个他们在社会日渐繁荣和休闲情况下创建的一个包含各种各样尤其是肖像画种类的艺术的市场。
9. The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.他们没有农业，但是经过几千年，已经发展了探索自身环境的技术和设备。
他们是基于大量出现鲑鱼、大比目鱼和其他多种鱼类的自身流域和水岸捕鱼的经济;基于从落基山水岸聚集了鲍鱼、蚌类、蛤和其他贝壳动物的经济;基于捕猎地域和海洋哺乳动物的经济;以及基于收集野生植物的食物的经济。
10.The musicians within the orchestra''''s ranks enrich their community immeasurably by ensuring that new generations of musicians, or simply music lovers, are given the kind of superior instruction that only an actively engaged, practicing musician can impart.有管弦乐家的级别音乐家们可以无限制地有利于他们的团体，靠通过确保给新一代的音乐家们或简易的音乐爱好者们一种高级的指导，这种指导只能由一个活的已加入的具有实践经验的音乐家能传授。
11.Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one-quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas - and at least as much resistance to constructing more - suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south.因为加拿大地大都市区域每城市高速公路公里总数量只有美国的四分之一，而且至少根据相当的居民数量去建设更多的高速公路，比较南部边界的而言，人群和设施的都市化在北部边界区延伸度较少。
12.They made available kinds of popular music heard previously only limited geographical areas or by specific ethnic and social groups - especially the blues, gospel songs, and jazz of African Americans and the traditional music of the southern Appalachian Mountains and other rural areas of the southern and western United States.他们制造了相当多种类的流行音乐，这些音乐以前只限于在地理区域或特殊的种族和社会群体能被听到，尤其是象布噜斯、福音歌曲和非洲美国人的爵士乐和阿巴拉奇亚山脉南部和其他美国南部和西部的乡村区域传统音乐。