定语从句 基础

（7）
when
注意：要对从句 做成分分析！
I can never forget the year of 2003 when I got my postgraduate degree.
试比较：
I can never forget the year of 2003 (that/which) I spent in a small village.
⑶ as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像” 的含义： as has been said above 如上所说 as anybody can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。
三步：找、看、选
• 1、找出先行词 • 2、看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分 （做主语、宾语或状语）——代入法
• 3、选择合适的关系词
四、关系词的具体用法
（1） which 指物，在定语从句中作主 语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
1. It’s the same book as we wanted to find yesterday . 这本书跟我们昨天想找的书是一样的。
2. Such girls as he knows are good at English . 他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
3. Do you have such books as we like ? 你有我们喜欢那种书吗？ 5. There is so warm a house as we want to live in . 这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。 6. He has so difficult a problem , as none of us can solve . 他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
曾经拥有的，不要忘记。 不能得到的，更要珍惜。 属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。
一、什么是定语？
①a beautiful girl （形容词作定语） ②a lovely boy （形容词作定语） ③She is the girl in red. （介词短语作定语） ④The lady carried a bag full of money. （形容词短语作定语） ⑤He is the man who you are looking for. （从句作定语）
结论：如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用 which/ that。如果从句中不缺主语 或宾语，则用when.
（8）
where
注意：要对从句 做成分分析！
The small house where she gave birth to her son was burnt down yesterday. 试比较：
（4）
whom
whom只能指人 做宾语：The tall man to whom you just talked is my uncle. The tall man (whom) you just talked to is 注意： my uncle.
whom前面 没有介词时，
(5)Whose
既可指人，也可指物。 被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。 He is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday. They cleaned the house whose windows face south. The gentleman, whose daughter I worked with, looked down upon women.
形容词 用的从句是定语从句 在复合句中，充当_______
先行词 ，引导定语从 ☆ 被定语从句限定的词是______ 句的词叫做 关系代词 ________ 或 关系副词 _________。 ☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接 （连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的 先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的 句子成分）。
He is the professor ______ who was named Jackson. whose He is the professor __________ name was Jackson.
The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the house’s (window) the window of which is broken
The girl her we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl her is Mary.
we saw
yesterday
关系代词的实质
时间状语
地点状语 原因状语
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
the machine = that
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who
关系代词=先行词的复指
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 4.The school where I study is far from my home.
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl we saw her yesterday is Mary.
三、关系词
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代的先行词
who whom which that whose
充当成分
主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语
人 人 物 人或物 人或物
2. 关系副词的基本用法
关系副词
指代
所充当的句子成分
when
where why
time place reason
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl that/who/whom is Mary.
we saw yesterday
注意避免重复
Have a try
指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( 主语 ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( 宾语 ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( 定语 ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( 宾语 )
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
her The girl we saw
yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
定语：形容词，词组、短语或从句 作用：限定修饰的名词
定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或 关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
(Attributive clause)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
形容词作定语
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine that /which can fly.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The house
of which the window is broken
is mine.
(6) As
一、引导限制性定语从句
主要固定结构有： the same…as such…as
as…as so…as
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需 选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
必须是句子；
必须是陈述句；
必须有连接词
Underline the attributive clauses: Don’t forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
二、引导非限制性定语从句 ⑴ as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句 可置于句首，句中或句尾 1． As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。 2． The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . 地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。 3． Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. 汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。
（2）that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语 或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about.
（3）
who
who只能指人
The teacher who got sick last week has come back to school.
句子作定语,修饰boy--定语从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词 关系词
关系代词
定语从句 关系副词 where, when， why
which, who, whom, whose, that
二、定语从句（the attributive clause）
in the school = where 关系副词=介词＋先行词
关系词whose=பைடு நூலகம்行词的所有格
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is a machine the machine can fly.