职称英语完形填空排版 (综合)1

.A Health ProfileA health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will1 1need to know what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to 2at work, how your daily 3diet compares to the recommended standards1, how much time per week you 4spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5in, how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and 6whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. 7to complete this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve8as a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.9Once this profile is thoroughly drawn, you can begin to think about setting health priorities2based 10on your particular portrait. For example, if you drink. Two martinis every evening, have a high-stress11job, are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed 12by losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job, giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some 13thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is 14in excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15benefit him in the future.2.Pretty GoodWhen Spanish football club Barcelona paid US$35 million for Ronaldinho last summer, they weren’t buying a pretty face. “I am 1ugly,” admits the Brazilian superstar. “But everyone has got a different kind of beauty. What I 2do have is charm.”Indeed he has. His buck teeth1, flowing hair2, big smile, and of course his 3mamzing skills are always eye-catching3 on the pitch. The 23-year-old striker scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March 1. It was Barcelona’s sixth win in a row and, thanks to their Brazilian’s 10-goal contribution, 4what looked like a poor season could now end a success.Ronaldinho—full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira—is one of many South Americans who learned their skills playing in the backstreets before 5showing them off4 on the world stage.Great things were 6expected when Gremio signed him as a seven-year-old5, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football. It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho, which 7means Little Ronaldo, and the name stuck6.He first 8played for his country in 1999 but it was at the 2002 World Cup where he showed his real worth, scoring an unbelievable free-kick in Brazil’s quarter-final victory 9over England.“I have never failed to deliver in big matches,” Ronaldinho says. “My game is based on 10improvisation. Often a forward does not have the time to decide whether to shoot or pass. It is instinct that gives out the orders.”While he may not have David Beckham’s good looks, Ronaldinho has a 11playbody reputation off the pitch. At former club Paris Saint Germain, which sold him to Barcelona, he broke 12club rules by going out and enjoying the city’s nightlife.7“Without doubt, Ronaldinho is the most 13difficult player I have ever come across,” says former PSG coach Luis Ferdandez. “The main 14problem for any coach is that one player without discipline can hurt the whole team.”But Ronaldinho doesn’t think he has done anything wrong. “I am just a young person who enjoys 15life,” he says.3.The White HouseWe got up early this morning and 1took a long walk after breakfast. We walked through the business section of the city. I told you yesterday that the city was larger 2than I thought it would be. 3but the business section is smaller than I thought it would be. I suppose that’s4because Washington is a special kind of city.5Most of the people in Washington work for the government. About 9:30 we went to the White House. It’s 6open to the public from 10 till 12, and there was a long line of people waiting to get in. We didn’t have to wait very long, because the line moved 7pretty quickly.The White House is really white. It is painted very year. And it seems very it’s got beautiful lawns all around it,8with many trees and shrubs. The grounds 9cover about four square blocks. I mean, they’re about two blocks long 10on each side. Of course, we didn’t see the whole building. The part 11where the President lives and works is not open to the public. But the part we saw was beautiful. We went through five of the main rooms. One of them was the library, one the ground floor. On the next floor, there are three rooms named 12after the colors that are used in them: the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk 13cloth. There are 14 many pieces of old furniture, from the time 15when the White House was first built. And everywhere there are paintings and statues of former presidents and other famous people from history.4.WaterFrom the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose 1where Water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge 2to man’s ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile’s annual flooding. The Babylonians, 3who were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws 4regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-5 mile canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically 6in use and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But 7the ancients never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as “China’s Sorrow”; it is so unpredictable and dangerous 8that in a single flood it has caused a million9deaths. Floods slowed the great 10 civilization of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage ruined 11much of its land. Today water dominates man 12as it always has done. Its presence continues to 13govern the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can 14kill man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him15to his fellows; its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.5.Public and Private Schools in the United StatesReligious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the United States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to 1attend.The largest group of religious schools in America2is yun by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be 3less expensive than private schools, there are usually some fees.When there is free education available to all children in the United States, why do people4spend money on private schools? Americans offer 5a great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to 6send their children to schools 7where classes tend to be smaller, or where religious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because,8in their opinion, the public schools in their area are not 9of high enough quality to meet their needs. Private schools in the United States 10differ widely in size, quality, and in the kind of program that are offered to meet 11the needs of certain students.The degree 12to which American parents are active in their children’s schools is often 13surprising to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations 14consisting of both parents and teachers, usually called P.T.A. for Parent-Teacher Association. They meet together to 15discuss various matters concerning the school. Parents often give their time to help with classroom or after school activities.6.The American FamilyIn the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part 1as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely 2followed, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental 3control. The father seldom expects his children to obey him 4without question, and children encouraged to be independent 5at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom6too far. Others think that a strong father image would not 7suit the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to 8 break away from their parental families by the time they have 9reached their late teens or early twenties. 10 In summary, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.This pattern of independence often results in serious 11problems for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live 12beyond the age of 70. The job-retirement age is 13usually 65. The children have left home, married, and 14set up their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. 15but the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nora close family group.7.Cultural DifferencesPeople from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans 1 have never been out of the country and have very2little experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy 3meeting new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names 4in most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that 5makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will 6 appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you’ll all 7 learn something about another culture!Many travelers find 8it easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over9before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be 10 superficially friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just 11having a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends 12with people in the U.S..If and when you 13stay with American friends, they will probably 14enjoy introducing you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud 15to know you, it’s probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!8.Racial PrejudiceIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries 1where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by 2setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be 3 reasonable men, get up and calmly argue4 in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you 5with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress 6at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the 7 recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never 8 solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering 9meant nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder 10what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions 11lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own 12kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things 13as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were 14 put to good use , if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment 15for all, we would not have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.9.A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells 1 plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. It tells 2 insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal 3 affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur 4 because of the number of hours of daylight. In the short 5days of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration 6 flight twice each year. Birds 7 prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, 8but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which 9parts of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain 10seems to control the timing of some of our actions. These 11cells tell a person when to 12awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying 13how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. 14It can take3many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said 15such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production.10.The Greatest Mystery of WhalesThe whale is a mammal—warm-blooded, air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive1, sucking them—and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many signs of this. 1Its from flippers, used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale’s body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale’s pulling 2 strength has been estimated at 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have 3 towed a whaling vessel for seven hours at the 4rate of eight knots.An enraged whale will attack a ship. A famous 5 example of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk 6 off the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have had their plates buckled2 in the same way. Sperm whales were known to 7seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale can 8dive to the bottom for his favourite food, the octopus. 9 In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the pressure is 1,400 pounds, to the square inch. Doing 10so he will remain submerged as long as one hour. Two feats are involved in this: storing up enough 11 oxygen(all whales are air-breathed) and withstanding the great change in pressure. Just 12how he does it scientists have not determined. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held3 in the lungs. And 13it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But 14since you can’t bring a live whale4 into the laboratory for study, no one 15knows just how these things work.11.Macking Yourself Good RecordIf you are American and you think you might need to borrow money someday ,the best thing to do is strrt early.That, s because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience,banks and other creditors are usually reluctabt to lend to those1without a proven track record of paying back,2on time, the money they have borrowed.Bu t if youneed experience just to get a start ,how do you get that start in the first place?With a little help from your parents usually ,while you are still financially dependent 3on them It is easy to get creditcard or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out flail to pay.So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes one , s university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record : the credit 4report.Credit reports are a 5summary of one ,spersonal credit history,gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.Bank and companies- 5including hospitals landlords and insurance companies-regularly report to the three main CRA in the US 7on how their customers are doing at playing back the money they 8own .Anyone with a “legitimate business need”has the right to order individuals , report from the CRAs . potential credit usually compile the information in the reports into a credit “score” ,ranking the level of ck of experience in borrowing in 9addition to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score.Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your are credit report can be impoetant to getting through life .Landlords often ask for the reports to judge 10whether a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card ,even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.People can obtain a copy their own credit report ,usually 11at a cost of around US$8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes 12that have slipped into the record or ,even worse ,to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws 13meant to protect people ,s privacy, it isn ,t fool-proof :Sometimes people take out bad loans in other ,s names 14ruining their records.In a society addicted 15to credit ,that can be a disaster12.A Country’s Standard of LivingThe “standard of living” of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services the country produces.A country’s standard of living,1 therefore, depends first and 2foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money. 3but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and “entertainment”1.A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 4which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends5 to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources 6comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off 7 as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external was, and8 for this and other reasons was 9 unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and 10 freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered2.A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed 11within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. 12 For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on 13those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would 14otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, 15provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.13.London cabbiesEvery city in the world has taxi to take tourists to interesting places . London is the only city in the world where taking taxi is an 1interesting experience for tourists.this is partly because of the special black cabs ,which are found in no other country . but it is also because of the drivers themselves .2while british people are famous for being polite and reserved ,London cabbies are well know 3for their willingness to talk .Some customers say that once the door shuts and the cab 4departs off they are a captive audience .it is impossible to get the taxi driver to stop 5talking . “they,er self-confident and free thinking ,” said Malcolm Linskey ,the author of a history of taxi drivers in LondonThey are also expensive . London has a most expensive taxies of any in the world except Tokyo. That, s why Ken livingstone , the Mayor of London ,is planning to make taxi drivers negotiate their fares with 6customers before they tack a ride.Divers agree that their fairs are expensive . that ,s because their black taxis 7cost more than other cars ,they say .and the customer is also paying for a more driving expertise than anywhere else in the wold.Before someone can qualify as a London taxi driver , that person has to pass a test 8known simply as “the knowledge “.This involves 9memorizing the name and location of every street within six miles of a point in the exact centre of London. The trainee must also learn the exact location of every important building within these street ,Finally he or she must be able to use this knowledge to work out the 10shortest distance between any two destinations within this area.It can 11take up to three years to pass “ The Knowledge”. Every day it is possible to see trainee taxi divers on the street of London taking careful notes of popular destinations before tracing the route to their next stop . cab driving is job often 12handed down in families .Many taxi drivers take their children out in their spare time to memorize 13routes they need to know when it is their turn to “do The Knowledge”.The effect of this is to make London cannies experts at their job .they also have bigger brains, Recent research found that the part of the brain that remember things was larger and more 14developed in cab drivers .they have to fit the whole of London into their heads ,so their brains grow bigger .so perhaps it is not 15surprising than taxi drivers have lots to say.14.HitchhikingWhen I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers 1took me all over Europe, north America ,Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers become friends ,many provided hospitality 2on the roadNot only did you find much more about a country than 3when traveling by train or plane ,but there was that element of exciement about where you would finish up that night .Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs it. So what has happened to 4it .A few years ago ,I asked the same question about hitching in a column on a newspaper . 5Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.“If there is a hitchhiker ,s 6heaven it must be Iran,”came one rely. Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching,7as was Quebec, Canada –“if you don,t mind being berated for not speaking French”.But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in many parts of the world, the8general feeling was that throughout much of the west doomed(消亡)With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus tichet must present a danger. But do we 9need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift.IN Poland in the 1960,10according to a Polish woman who e- mailed me ,”the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker , s Booklet .the booklet contained for drivers, so each time a driver 11picked up who had picked up somebody ,he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season,12drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes.Everybody was hitchhiking then.”Surely this is a good idea for society? Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down 13barriers between strangers. It would help fight 14global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels ,it would also improve educational standards by delivering instant 15lessons in geography, history , politics and sociology.15.Sending E-mails ProfessorsOne student spipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail 1asking for copies of her teaching notes.Another 2explained that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US e-mail has made professors more approachable .but many say it has made them too accessible 3removing boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days ,professors say, students seem to view them as available 4around the clock ,sending a seady stream of informal e-mails.“the tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding,”said Michael Kessler ,an assistant dean at Georgetown University .”they will 5order you to help :”Ineed to know this .””“T here ,s a fine 6balance between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy as an 7instructor who is in charge.”Christopher Dede ,a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education ,said 8e-mails show how students no longer defer to their professors ,perhaps because they realize that professore”9expertise could rapidly become outdated.“The deference was driven by the 10notion that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said ,and than notion has 11weakened.For junior faculty members , e-mails bring new tension into their work ,some say ,as they struggle how to 12respond .theri job prospectes,they realize .may rest in part on student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes 13it easier to ask questions and helps them learn.But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects 14on them ,said Alexandra Lahav ,an associate professor of Law at the University Connecticut.She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.Such e-mails can have consequences ,she said .”students do not understand that 15what they say in e-mail can them seem unprofessional ,and could result in a bad recommendation.。