英语演讲7. Malcolm X - The Ballot or the Bullet
英语演讲原文：The Ballot or the Bullet speech by Malcolm X
The Ballot or the Bullet speech byMalcolm XMr. Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: I just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't want to leave anybody out. The question tonight, as I understand it, is "The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here?" or What Next?" In my little humble 1 way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot 3 or the bullet. Before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify something concerning myself. I'm still a Muslim; my religion is still Islam. That's my personal belief. Just as Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian 5 minister who heads the Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York, but at the same time takes part in the political struggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and Dr. Martin Luther King is a Christian minister down in Atlanta, Georgia, who heads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and Reverend Galamison, I guess you've heard of him, is another Christian minister in New Yorkwho has been deeply involved in the school boycotts 6 to eliminate segregated 7 education; well, I myself am a minister, not a Christian minister, but a Muslim minister; and I believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary. Although I'm still a Muslim, I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. Whether you're educated or illiterate 8 , whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley 9 , you're going to catch hell just like I am. We're all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. He just happens to be a white man. All of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation 10 at the hands of the white man. Now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we're anti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we're anti-degradation, we're anti-oppression. And if the white man doesn't want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. Whether we are Christians 11 or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics oratheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. If we have differences, let us differ in the closet; when we come out in front, let us not have anything to argue about until we get finished arguing with the man. If the late President Kennedy could get together with Khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than Kennedy and Khrushchev had with each other. If we don't do something real soon, I think you'll have to agree that we're going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. It's one or the other in 1964. It isn't that time is running out - time has run out! 1964 threatens to be the most explosive year America has ever witnessed. The most explosive year. Why? It's also a political year. It's the year when all of the white politicians will be back in the so-called Negro community jiving you and me for some votes. The year when all of the white political crooks 12 will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep. As they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion; and now we have the type of black man on the scene in America today - I'm sorry, Brother Lomax - who just doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer. Don't let anybody tell you anything about the odds 13 are against you. If they draft you, they send you to Koreaand make you face 800 million Chinese. If you can be brave over there, you can be brave right here. These odds aren't as great as those odds. And if you fight here, you will at least know what you're fighting for. I'm not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, I'm not a student of much of anything. I'm not a Democrat 14 . I'm not a Republican, and I don't even consider myself an American. If you and I were Americans, there'd be no problem. Those Honkies that just got off the boat, they're already Americans; Polacks are already Americans; the Italian refugees are already Americans. Everything that came out of Europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an American. And as long as you and I have been over here, we aren't Americans yet. Well, I am one who doesn't believe in deluding 15 myself. I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. Sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate. Being here in America doesn't make you an American. Being born here in America doesn't make you an American. Why, if birth made you American, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments 16 to the Constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering 18 in Washington, D.C., right now. They don't have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a Polack an American. No, I'm not an American. I'm one of the 22 million black people who arethe victims of Americanism. One of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy 19 . So, I'm not standing 2 here speaking to you as an American, or a patriot 20 , or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver - no, not I. I'm speaking as a victim of this American system. And I see America through the eyes of the victim. I don't see any American dream; I see an American nightmare. These 22 million victims are waking up. Their eyes are coming open. They're beginning to see what they used to only look at. They're becoming politically mature. They are realizing that there are new political trends from coast to coast. As they see these new political trends, it's possible for them to see that every time there's an election the races are so close that they have to have a recount. They had to recount in Massachusetts to see who was going to be governor, it was so close. It was the same way in Rhode Island, in Minnesota, and in many other parts of the country. And the same with Kennedy and Nixon when they ran for president. It was so close they had to count all over again. Well, what does this mean? It means that when white people are evenly divided, and black people have a bloc 21 of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who's going to sit in the White House and who's going to be in the dog house. lt. was the black man's vote that put the present administration in Washington, D.C. Your vote, your dumbvote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in Washington, D.C., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that. And your and my leaders have the audacity 22 to run around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress we're making. And what a good president we have. If he wasn't good in Texas, he sure can't be good in Washington, D.C. Because Texas is a lynch state. It is in the same breath as Mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in Texas with a Texas accent and lynch you in Mississippi with a Mississippi accent. And these Negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the White House with a Texan, a Southern cracker 23 - that's all he is - and then come out and tell you and me that he's going to be better for us because, since he's from the South, he knows how to deal with the Southerners. What kind of logic 24 is that? Let Eastland be president, he's from the South too. He should be better able to deal with them than Johnson. In this present administration they have in the House of Representatives 257 Democrats 25 to only 177 Republicans. They control two-thirds of the House vote. Why can't they pass something that will help you and me? In the Senate, there are 67 senators who are of the Democratic Party. Only 33 of them are Republicans. Why, the Democrats have got the government sewed up, and you're the one whosewed it up for them. And what have they given you for it? Four years in office, and just now getting around to some civil-rights legislation. Just now, after everything else is gone, out of the way, they're going to sit down now and play with you all summer long - the same old giant con 4 game that they call filibuster 17 . All those are in cahoots together. Don't you ever think they're not in cahoots together, for the man that is heading the civil-rights filibuster is a man from Georgia named Richard Russell. When Johnson became president, the first man he asked for when he got back to Washington, D.C., was "Dicky" - that's how tight they are. That's his boy, that's his pal 26 , that's his buddy 27 . But they're playing that old con game. One of them makes believe he's for you, and he's got it fixed 28 where the other one is so tight against you, he never has to keep his promise. So it's time in 1964 to wake up. And when you see them coming up with that kind of conspiracy 29 , let them know your eyes are open. And let them know you - something else that's wide open too. It's got to be the ballot or the bullet. The ballot or the bullet. If you're afraid to use an expression like that, you should get on out of the country; you should get back in the cotton patch; you should get back in the alley. They get all the Negro vote, and after they get it, the Negro gets nothing in return. All they did when they got to Washington was give a few big Negroes big jobs. Those bigNegroes didn't need big jobs, they already had jobs. That's camouflage 30 , that's trickery, that's treachery, window-dressing. I'm not trying to knock out the Democrats for the Republicans. We'll get to them in a minute. But it is true; you put the Democrats first and the Democrats put you last. Look at it the way it is. What alibis 32 do they use, since they control Congress and the Senate? What alibi 31 do they use when you and I ask, "Well, when are you going to keep your promise?" They blame the Dixiecrats. What is a Dixiecrat? A Democrat. A Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat in disguise. The titular 33 head of the Democrats is also the head of the Dixiecrats, because the Dixiecrats are a part of the Democratic Party. The Democrats have never kicked the Dixiecrats out of the party. The Dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the Democrats didn't put them out. Imagine, these low-down Southern segregationists put the Northern Democrats down. But the Northern Democrats have never put the Dixiecrats down. No, look at that thing the way it is. They have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and I are in the middle. It's time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is; and then we can deal with it like it is. The Dixiecrats in Washington, D.C., control the key committees that run the government. The only reason the Dixiecrats control these committees is because they have seniority. The only reasonthey have seniority is because they come from states where Negroes can't vote. This is not even a government that's based on democracy. lt. is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. Half of the people in the South can't even vote. Eastland is not even supposed to be in Washington. Half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in Washington, D.C., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally. I was in Washington, D.C., a week ago Thursday, when they were debating whether or not they should let the bill come onto the floor. And in the back of the room where the Senate meets, there's a huge map of the United States, and on that map it shows the location of Negroes throughout the country. And it shows that the Southern section of the country, the states that are most heavily concentrated with Negroes, are the ones that have senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the Negro from being able to vote. This is pitiful. But it's not pitiful for us any longer; it's actually pitiful for the white man, because soon now, as the Negro awakens 34 a little more and sees the vice 35 that he's in, sees the bag that he's in, sees the real game that he's in, then the Negro's going to develop a new tactic 36 . These senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee the people of that particular state or county the right to vote. And theConstitution itself has within it the machinery 37 to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. You don't even need new legislation. Any person in Congress right now, who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from Congress. And when you expel him, you've removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. In fact, when you expel them, you don't need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority. If the black man in these Southern states had his full voting rights, the key Dixiecrats in Washington, D.C., which means the key Democrats in Washington,D.C., would lose their seats. The Democratic Party itself would lose its power. It would cease to be powerful as a party. When you see the amount of power that would be lost by the Democratic Party if it were to lose the Dixiecrat wing, or branch, or element, you can see where it's against the interests of the Democrats to give voting rights to Negroes in states where the Democrats have been in complete power and authority ever since the Civil War. You just can't belong to that Party without analysing it. I say again, I'm not anti-Democrat, I'm not anti-Republican, I'm not anti-anything. I'm just questioning their sincerity 38 , and some of the strategythat they've been using on our people by promising 39 them promises that they don't intend to keep. When you keep the Democrats in power, you're keeping the Dixiecrats in power. I doubt that my good Brother Lomax will deny that.A vote for a Democrat is a vote for a Dixiecrat. That's why, in 1964, it's time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; whatwe're supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we don't cast a ballot, it's going to end up in a situation where we're going to have to cast a bullet. It's either a ballot or a bullet.■文章重点单词注释：1humbleadj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低参考例句：In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
美国历史上100个伟大演讲
60.Ronald Reagan Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of D-Day
61.Mario Matthew Cuomo Religious Belief and Public Morality
62.Edward M. Kennedy Address to the People of Massachusetts on Chappaquiddick
44. Mary Church Terrell What It Means to be Colored in Capital of the U.S
45. William Jennings Bryan Imperialism
46. Margaret Sanger The Morality of Birth Control
50. Spiro Theodore Agnew Television News Coverage
51.Jesse Jackson 1988 Democratic National Convention Address
52.Mary Fisher 1992 Republication National Convention Address
01. Dr Martin Luther King Jr I Have A Dream
02. John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address
03. Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address
04. Franklin D. Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation War Message
马尔科姆演讲稿选票还是子弹TheBallotortheBullet
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹 The Ballot or the Bulletthe ballot or the bulletby malcolm xapril 3, 1964cleveland, ohiomr. moderator, brother lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: i just cant believe everyone in here is a friend, and i dont want to leave anybody out. the question tonight, as i understand it, is the negro revolt, and where do we go from here? or what next? in my little humble way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot or the bullet.before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, i would like to clarify something concerning myself. im still a muslim; my religion is still islam. thats my personal belief. just as adam clayton powell is a christian minister who heads the abyssinian baptist church in new york, but at the same time takes part in the politicalstruggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and dr. martin luther king is a christian minister down in atlanta, georgia, who heads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and reverend galamison, i guess youve heard of him, is another christian minister in new york who has been deeply involved in the school boycotts to eliminate segregated education; well, i myself am a minister, not a christian minister, but a muslim minister; and i believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary.although im still a muslim, im not here tonight to discuss my religion. im not here to try and change your religion. im not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because its time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether youre a baptist, or a methodist, or a muslim, or a nationalist. whether youre educated or illiterate, whether you live on theboulevard or in the alley, youre going to catch hell just like i am. were all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. he just happens to be a white man. all of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation at the hands of the white man.now in speaking like this, it doesnt mean that were anti-white, but it does mean wereanti-exploitation, were anti-degradation, were anti-oppression. and if the white man doesnt want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. whether we are christians or muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. if we have differences, let us differ in the closet; when we come out in front, let us not have anything to argue about until we get finished arguing with the man. if the late president kennedy could get together with khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with eachother than kennedy and khrushchev had with each other. if we dont do something real soon, i think youll have to agree that were going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. its one or the otherin 1964. it isnt that time is running out -- time has run out!1964 threatens to be the most explosive year america has ever witnessed. the most explosive year. why? its also a political year. its the year when allof the white politicians will be back in theso-called negro community jiving you and me for some votes. the year when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes fora letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they dont intend to keep. as they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion; and now we have the type of black man on the scene in america today-- im sorry, brother lomax -- who just doesnt intendto turn the other cheek any longer.dont let anybody tell you anything about the oddsare against you. if they draft you, they send you to korea and make you face 800 million chinese. if you can be brave over there, you can be brave right here. these odds arent as great as those odds. and if you fight here, you will at least know what youre fighting for.im not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, im not a student of much of anything. im not a democrat. im not a republican, and i dont even consider myself an american. if you and i were americans, thered be no problem. those honkies that just got off the boat, theyre already americans; polacks are already americans; the italian refugees are already americans. everything that came out of europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an american. and as long as you and i have been over here, we arent americans yet.well, i am one who doesnt believe in deluding myself. im not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. sitting at the table doesnt make you a diner, unless you eat some of whats on that plate. being herein america doesnt make you an american. being born here in america doesnt make you an american. why, if birth made you american, you wouldnt need any legislation; you wouldnt need any amendments to the constitution; you wouldnt be faced with civil-rights filibustering in washington, d.c., right now. they dont have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a polack an american.no, im not an american. im one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of americanism. one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy. so, im not standing here speaking to you as an american, or a patriot, or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver -- no, not i. im speaking as a victim of this american system. and i see america through the eyes of the victim. i dont see any american dream; i see an american nightmare.these 22 million victims are waking up. their eyes are coming open. theyre beginning to see what they used to only look at. theyre becoming politically mature. they are realizing that thereare new political trends from coast to coast. as they see these new political trends, its possible for them to see that every time theres an election the races are so close that they have to have a recount. they had to recount in massachusetts to see who was going to be governor, it was so close. it was the same way in rhode island, in minnesota, and in many other parts of the country. and the same with kennedy and nixon when they ran for president. it was so close they had to count all over again. well, what does this mean? it means that when white people are evenly divided, and black people have a bloc of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine whos going to sit in the white house and whos going to be in the dog house.lt. was the black mans vote that put the present administration in washington, d.c. your vote, your dumb vote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in washington, d.c., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that. and your and my leaders have the audacity torun around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress were making. and what a good president we have. if he wasnt good in texas, he sure cant be good in washington, d.c. because texas is a lynch state. it is in the same breath as mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in texas with a texas accent and lynch you in mississippi with a mississippi accent. and these negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the white house with a texan, a southern cracker -- thats all he is -- and then come out and tell you and me that hes going to be better for us because, since hes from the south, he knows how to deal with the southerners. what kind of logic is that? let eastland be president, hes from the south too. he should be better able to deal with them than johnson.in this present administration they have in the house of representatives 257 democrats to only 177 republicans. they control two-thirds of the house vote. why cant they pass something that will help you and me? in the senate, there are 67 senators who are of the democratic party. only 33 of them arerepublicans. why, the democrats have got the government sewed up, and youre the one who sewed it up for them. and what have they given you for it? four years in office, and just now getting around to some civil-rights legislation. just now, after everything else is gone, out of the way, theyre going to sit down now and play with you all summer long -- the same old giant con game that they call filibuster. all those are in cahoots together. dont you ever think theyre not in cahoots together, for the man that is heading the civil-rights filibuster is a man from georgia named richard russell. when johnson became president, the first man he asked for when he got back to washington, d.c., was dicky -- thats how tight they are. thats his boy, thats his pal, thats his buddy. but theyre playing that old con game. one of them makes believe hes for you, and hes got it fixed where the other one is so tight against you, he never has to keep his promise.so its time in 1964 to wake up. and when you see them coming up with that kind of conspiracy, let them know your eyes are open. and let them know you --something else thats wide open too. its got to be the ballot or the bullet. the ballot or the bullet. if youre afraid to use an expression like that, you should get on out of the country; you should get back in the cotton patch; you should get back in the alley. they get all the negro vote, and after they get it, the negro gets nothing in return. all they did when they got to washington was give a few big negroes big jobs. those big negroes didnt need big jobs, they already had jobs. thats camouflage, thats trickery, thats treachery, window-dressing. im not trying to knock out the democrats for the republicans. well get to them in a minute. but it is true; you put the democrats first and the democrats put you last. look at it the way it is. what alibis do they use, since they control congress and the senate? what alibi do they use when you and i ask, well, when are you going to keep your promise? they blame the dixiecrats. what is a dixiecrat? a democrat. a dixiecrat is nothing but a democrat in disguise. the titular head of the democrats is also the head of the dixiecrats, because the dixiecrats are a part of thedemocratic party. the democrats have never kicked the dixiecrats out of the party. the dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the democrats didnt put them out. imagine, these lowdown southern segregationists put the northern democrats down. but the northern democrats have never put the dixiecrats down. no, look at that thing the way it is. they have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and i are in the middle. its time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is; and then we can deal with it like it is.the dixiecrats in washington, d.c., control the key committees that run the government. the only reason the dixiecrats control these committees is because they have seniority. the only reason they have seniority is because they come from states where negroes cant vote. this is not even a government thats based on democracy. lt. is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. half of the people in the south cant even vote. eastland is not even supposed to be in washington.half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in washington, d.c., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally.i was in washington, d.c., a week ago thursday, when they were debating whether or not they should let the bill come onto the floor. and in the back of the room where the senate meets, theres a huge map of the united states, and on that map it shows the location of negroes throughout the country. and it shows that the southern section of the country, the states that are most heavily concentrated with negroes, are the ones that have senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the negro from being able to vote. this is pitiful. but its not pitiful for us any longer; its actually pitiful for the white man, because soon now, as the negro awakens a little more and sees the vise that hes in, sees the bag that hes in, sees the real game that hes in, then the negros going to develop a new tactic.these senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee thepeople of that particular state or county the right to vote. and the constitution itself has within it the machinery to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. you dont even need new legislation. any person in congress right now, who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from congress. and when you expel him, youve removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. in fact, when you expel them, you dont need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority. if the black man in these southern states had his full voting rights, the key dixiecrats in washington, d. c., which means the key democrats in washington, d.c., would lose their seats. the democratic party itself would lose its power. it would cease to be powerful as a party. when you see the amount of power that would be lost by the democratic party if it wereto lose the dixiecrat wing, or branch, or element, you can see where its against the interests of the democrats to give voting rights to negroes in states where the democrats have been in complete power and authority ever since the civil war. you just cant belong to that party without analyzing it.i say again, im not anti-democrat, im notanti-republican, im not anti-anything. im just questioning their sincerity, and some of the strategy that theyve been using on our people by promising them promises that they dont intend to keep. when you keep the democrats in power, youre keeping the dixiecrats in power. i doubt that my good brother lomax will deny that. a vote for a democrat is a vote for a dixiecrat. thats why, in 1964, its time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; what were supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we dont cast a ballot, its going to end up in a situation where were going to have to cast a bullet. its either a ballot or a bullet.in the north, they do it a different way. theyhave a system thats known as gerrymandering, whatever that means. it means when negroes become too heavily concentrated in a certain area, and begin to gain too much political power, the white man comes along and changes the district lines. you may say, why do you keep saying white man? because its the white man who does it. i havent ever seen any negro changing any lines. they dont let him get near the line. its the white man who does this. and usually, its the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. he may be friendly, but hes not your friend.so, what im trying to impress upon you, in essence, is this: you and i in america are faced not with a segregationist conspiracy, were faced with a government conspiracy. everyone whos filibustering is a senator -- thats the government. everyone whos finagling in washington, d.c., is a congressman -- thats the government. you dont have anybody putting blocks in your path but people who are a part of the government. the same government that you go abroad to fight for and die for is the government that isin a conspiracy to deprive you of your voting rights, deprive you of your economic opportunities, deprive you of decent housing, deprive you of decent education. you dont need to go to the employer alone, it is the government itself, the government of america, that is responsible for the oppression and exploitation and degradation of black people in this country. and you should drop it in their lap. this government has failed the negro. this so-called democracy has failed the negro. and all these white liberals have definitely failed the negro.so, where do we go from here? first, we need some friends. we need some new allies. the entirecivil-rights struggle needs a new interpretation, a broader interpretation. we need to look at this civil-rights thing from another angle -- from the inside as well as from the outside. to those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is give it a new interpretation. that old interpretation excluded us. it kept us out. so, were giving a new interpretation to the civil-rightsstruggle, an interpretation that will enable us to come into it, take part in it. and these handkerchief-heads who have been dillydallying and pussy footing and compromising -- we dont intend to let them pussyfoot and dillydally and compromise any longer.how can you thank a man for giving you whats already yours? how then can you thank him for giving you only part of whats already yours? you havent even made progress, if whats being given to you, you should have had already. thats not progress. and i love my brother lomax, the way he pointed out were right back where we were in 1954. were not even as far up as we were in 1954. were behind where we were in 1954. theres more segregation now than there was in 1954. theres more racial animosity, more racial hatred, more racial violence today in 1964, than there was in 1954. where is the progress?and now youre facing a situation where the young negros coming up. they dont want to hear that turn the-other-cheek stuff, no. in jacksonville, those were teenagers, they were throwing molotov cocktails.negroes have never done that before. but it shows you theres a new deal coming in. theres new thinking coming in. theres new strategy coming in. itll be molotov cocktails this month, hand grenades next month, and something else next month. itll be ballots, or itll be bullets. itll be liberty, or it will be death. the only difference about this kind of death -- itll be reciprocal. you know what is meant by reciprocal? thats one of brother lomaxs words. i stole it from him. i dont usually deal with those big words because i dont usually deal with big people.i deal with small people. i find you can get a whole lot of small people and whip hell out of a whole lot of big people. they havent got anything to lose, and theyve got every thing to gain. and theyll let you know in a minute: it takes two to tango; when i go, you go.the black nationalists, those whose philosophy is black nationalism, in bringing about this new interpretation of the entire meaning of civil rights, look upon it as meaning, as brother lomax has pointed out, equality of opportunity. well, were justifiedin seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity, because all were doing there is trying to collect for our investment. our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood. three hundred and ten years we worked in this country without a dime in return -- i mean without a dime in return. you let the white man walk around here talking about how rich this country is, but you never stop to think how it got rich so quick. it got rich because you made it rich.you take the people who are in this audience right now. theyre poor. were all poor as individuals. our weekly salary individually amounts to hardly anything. but if you take the salary of everyone in here collectively, itll fill up a whole lot of baskets. its a lot of wealth. if you can collect the wages of just these people right here for a year, youll be rich -- richer than rich. when you look at it like that, think how rich uncle sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of black people. your and my mother and father, who didnt work an eight-hour shift, but worked from cant see in themorning until cant see at night, and worked for nothing, making the white man rich, making uncle sam rich. this is our investment. this is our contribution, our blood.not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. we died on every battlefield the white man had. we have made a greater sacrifice than anybody whos standing up in america today. we have made a greater contribution and have collected less. civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, means: give it to us now. dont wait for next year. give it to us yesterday, and thats not fast enough.i might stop right here to point out one thing. whenever youre going after something that belongs to you, anyone whos depriving you of the right to have it is a criminal. understand that. whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. and anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. and thiswas pointed out by the supreme court decision. it outlawed segregation.which means segregation is against the law. which means a segregationist is breaking the law. a segregationist is a criminal. you cant label him as anything other than that. and when you demonstrate against segregation, the law is on your side. the supreme court is on your side.now, who is it that opposes you in carrying out the law? the police department itself. with police dogs and clubs. whenever you demonstrate against segregation, whether it is segregated education, segregated housing, or anything else, the law is on your side, and anyone who stands in the way is not the law any longer. they are breaking the law; they are not representatives of the law. any time you demonstrate against segregation and a man has the audacity to put a police dog on you, kill that dog, kill him, im telling you, kill that dog. i say it, if they put me in jail tomorrow, kill that dog. then youll put a stop to it. now, if these white people in here dont want to see that kind of action, get downand tell the mayor to tell the police department to pull the dogs in. thats all you have to do. if you dont do it, someone else will.if you dont take this kind of stand, your little children will grow up and look at you and think shame. if you dont take an uncompromising stand, i dont mean go out and get violent; but at the same time you should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence. im nonviolent with those who are nonviolent with me. but when you drop that violence on me, then youve made me go insane, and im not responsible for what i do. and thats the way every negro should get. any time you know youre within the law, within your legal rights, within your moral rights, in accord with justice, then die for what you believe in. but dont die alone. let your dying be reciprocal. this is what is meant by equality. whats good for the goose is good for the gander.when we begin to get in this area, we need new friends, we need new allies. we need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level -- to the level of human rights. whenever you are in acivil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of uncle sam. no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. all of our african brothers and our asian brothers and ourlatin-american brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the united states. and as long as its civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of uncle sam.but the united nations has whats known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. you may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in africa and in hungary and in asia, and in latin america are brought before the un, and the negro problem is never brought before the un. this is part of the conspiracy. this old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser,never tells you anything about human rights. they keep you wrapped up in civil rights. and you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you dont even know theres a human-rights tree on the same floor.when you expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights, you can then take the case of the black man in this country before the nations in the un. you can take it before the general assembly. you can take uncle sam before a world court. but the only level you can do it on is the level of human rights. civil rights keeps you under his restrictions, under his jurisdiction. civil rights keeps you in his pocket. civil rights means youre asking uncle sam to treat you right. human rights are something you were born with. human rights are your god-given rights. human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. and any time any one violates your human rights, you can take them to the world court.uncle sams hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the blood of the black man in thiscountry. hes the earths number-one hypocrite. he has the audacity -- yes, he has -- imagine him posing as the leader of the free world. the free world! and you over here singing we shall overcome. expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights. take it into the united nations, where our african brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our asian brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our latin-american brothers can throw their weight on our side, and where 800 million chinamen are sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side.let the world know how bloody his hands are. let the world know the hypocrisy thats practiced over here. let it be the ballot or the bullet. let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet.。
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹 The Ballot or the Bullet_演讲稿.doc
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹The Ballotor the Bullet_演讲稿ent itself, the government of america, that is responsible for the oppression and exploitation and degradation of black people in this country. and you should drop it in their lap. this government has failed the negro. this so-called democracy has failed the negro. and all these white liberals have definitely failed the negro.so, where do we go from here? first, we need some friends. we need some new allies. the entire civil-rights struggle needs a new interpretation, a broader interpretation. we need to look at this civil-rights thing from another angle -- from the inside as well as from the outside. to those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is give it a new interpretation. that old interpretation excluded us. it kept us out. so, we’re giving a new interpretation to the civil-rights struggle, an interpretation that will enable us to come into it, take part in it. and these handkerchief-heads who have been dillydallying and pussy footing and compromising -- we don’t intend to let them pussyfoot and dillydally and compromise any longer.how can you thank a man for giving you what’s already yours? how then can you thank him for giving you only part of what’s already yours? you haven’t even made progress, if what’sbeing given to you, you should have had already. that’s not progress. and i love my brother lomax, the way he pointed out we’re right back where we were in 1954. we’re not even as far up as we were in 1954. we’re behind where we were in 1954. there’s more segregation now than there was in 1954. there’s more racial animosity, more racial hatred, more racial violence today in 1964, than there was in 1954. where is the progress?and now you’re facing a situation where the young negro’s coming up. they don’t want to hear that “turn the-other-cheek” stuff, no. in jacksonville, those were teenagers, they were throwing molotov cocktails. negroes have never done that before. but it shows you there’s a new deal coming in. there’s new thinking coming in. there’s new strategy coming in. it’ll be molotov cocktails this month, hand grenades next month, and something else next month. it’ll be ballots, or it’ll be bullets. it’ll be liberty, or it will be death. the only difference about this kind of death -- it’ll be reciprocal. you know what is meant by “reciprocal”? that’s one of brother lomax’s words. i stole it from him. i don’t usually deal with those big words because i don’t usually de al with big people. i deal with small people. i find you can get a whole lot of small people and whip hell out of a whole lot of big people. they haven’t got anything to lose, and they’ve got every thing to gain. and they’ll let you know in a minute: “it t akes two to tango; when i go, you go.”the black nationalists, those whose philosophy is black nationalism, in bringing about this new interpretation of the entiremeaning of civil rights, look upon it as meaning, as brother lomax has pointed out, equality of opportunity. well, we’re justifie d in seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity, because all we’re doing there is trying to collect for our investment. our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood. three hundred and ten years we worked in this country without a dime in return -- i mean without a dime in return. you let the white man walk around here talking about how rich this country is, but you never stop to think how it got rich so quick. it got rich because you made it rich.you take the people who are in this audience right now. they’re poor. we’re all poor as individuals. our weekly salary individually amounts to hardly anything. but if you take the salary of everyone in here collectively, it’ll fill up a whole lot of baskets. it’s a lot of wealth. if you can collect the wages of just these people right here for a year, you’ll be rich -- richer than rich. when you look at it like that, think how rich uncle sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of black people. your and my mother and father, who didn’t work an eight-hour shift, but worked from “can’t see” in the morning until “can’t see” at night, and worked for nothing, making the white man rich, making uncle sam rich. this is our investment. this is our contribution, our blood.not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. we died on every battlefield the white man had. we have made a greater sacrifice than anybody who’s standing up in americatoday. we have made a greater contribution and have collected less. civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, means: “give it to us now. don’t wait for next year. give it to us yesterday, and that’s not fast enough.”i might stop right here to point out one thing. whenever you’re going after something that belongs to you, anyone who’s depriving you of the right to have it is a criminal. understand that. whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. and anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. and this was pointed out by the supreme court decision. it outlawed segregation.which means segregation is against the law. which means a segregationist is breaking the law. a segregationist is a criminal. you can’t label him as anything other than that. and when you demonstrate against segregation, the law is on your side. the supreme court is on your side.now, who is it that opposes you in carrying out the law? the police department itself. with police dogs and clubs. whenever you demonstrate against segregation, whether it is segregated education, segregated housing, or anything else, the law is on your side, and anyone who stands in the way is not the law any longer. they are breaking the law; they are not representatives of the law. any time you demonstrate against segregation and a man has the audacity to put a police dog on you, kill that dog, kill hi m, i’mtelling you, kill that dog. i say it, if they put me in jail tomorrow, kill that dog. then you’ll put a stop to it. now, if these white people in here don’t want to see that kind of action, get down and tell the mayor to tell the police department t o pull the dogs in. that’s all you have to do. if you don’t do it, someone else will.if you don’t take this kind of stand, your little children will grow up and look at you and think “shame.” if you don’t take an uncompromising stand, i don’t mean go o ut and get violent; but at the same time you should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence. i’m nonviolent with those who are nonviolent with me. but when you drop that violence on me, then you’ve made me go insane, and i’m not responsible for what i do. and that’s the way every negro should get. any time you know you’re within the law, within your legal rights, within your moral rights, in accord with justice, then die for what you believe in. but don’t die alone. let your dying be recipr ocal. this is what is meant by equality. what’s good for the goose is good for the gander.when we begin to get in this area, we need new friends, we need new allies. we need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level -- to the level of human rights. whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of uncle sam. no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. all of our african brothers and our asian brothers andour latin-american brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the united states. and as long as it’s civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of uncle sam.but the united nations has what’s known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. you may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in africa and in hungary and in asia, and in latin america are brought before the un, and the negro problem is never brought before the un. this is part of the conspiracy. this old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser, never tells you anything about human rights. they keep you wrapped up in civil rights. and you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you don’t even know there’s a human-rights tree on the same floor.when you expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights, you can then take the case of the black man in this country before the nations in the un. you can take it before the general assembly. you can take uncle sam before a world court. but the only level you can do it on is the level of human rights. civil rights keeps you under his restrictions, under his jurisdiction. civil rights keeps you in his pocket. civil rights means you’re asking uncle sam to treat you right. human rights are something you were born with. human rights are your god-given rights. human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. and any timeany one violates your human rights, you can take them to the world court.uncle sam’s hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the blood of the black man in this country. he’s the earth’s number-one hypocrite. he has the audacity -- yes, he has -- imagine him posing as the leader of the free world. the free world! and you over here singing “we shall overcome.” expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights. take it into the united nations, where our african brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our asian brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our latin-american brothers can throw their weight on our side, and where 800 million chinamen are sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side.let the world know how bloody his hands are. let the world know the hypocrisy that’s practiced over here. let it be the ballot or the bullet. let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet.。
马尔科姆演讲稿选票还是子弹TheBallotorthe Bullet1
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹TheBallotortheBulletTheBallotortheBulletbyMalcolmXApril3,1964Cleveland,OhioMr.Moderator,BrotherLomax,brothersandsisters,friend sandenemies:Ijustcan’tbelieveeveryoneinhereisafriend,a ndIdon’twanttoleaveanybodyout.Thequestiontonight,asIun derstandit,is“TheNegroRevolt,andWhereDoWeGoFromHere?”orWhatNext?”Inmylittlehumblewayofunderstandingit,itpoi ntstowardeithertheballotorthebullet.Beforewetryandexplainwhatismeantbytheballotorthebul let,Iwouldliketoclarifysomethingconcerningmyself.I’mst illaMuslim;myreligionisstillIslam.That’smypersonalbeli ef.JustasAdamClaytonPowellisaChristianministerwhoheadst heAbyssinianBaptistChurchinNewYork,butatthesametimetake spartinthepoliticalstrugglestotryandbringaboutrightstot heblackpeopleinthiscountry;andDr.MartinLutherKingisaChristianministerdowninAtlanta,Georgia,whoheadsanotherorga nizationfightingforthecivilrightsofblackpeopleinthiscou ntry;andReverendGalamison,Iguessyou’veheardofhim,isano therChristianministerinNewYorkwhohasbeendeeplyinvolvedi ntheschoolstoeliminatesegregatededucation;well,Imyselfa maminister,notaChristianminister,butaMuslimminister;and Ibelieveinactiononallfrontsbywhatevermeansnecessary.AlthoughI’mstillaMuslim,I’mnotheretonighttodiscus smyreligion.I’mnotheretotryandchangeyourreligion.I’mn otheretoargueordiscussanythingthatwedifferabout,because it’stimeforustosubmergeourdifferencesandrealizethatiti sbestforustofirstseethatwehavethesameproblem,acommonpro blem,aproblemthatwillmakeyoucatchhellwhetheryou’reaBap tist,oraMethodist,oraMuslim,oranationalist.Whetheryou’reeducatedorilliterate,whetheryouliveontheboulevardorin thealley,you’regoingtocatchhelljustlikeIam.We’reallin thesameboatandweallaregoingtocatchthesamehellfromthesam eman.Hejusthappenstobeawhiteman.Allofushavesufferedhere ,inthiscountry,politicaloppressionatthehandsofthewhitem an,economicexploitationatthehandsofthewhiteman,andsocialdegradationatthehandsofthewhiteman.Nowinspeakinglikethis,itdoesn’tmeanthatwe’reanti-white,butitdoesmeanwe’reanti-exploitation,we’reanti-d egradation,we’reanti-oppression.Andifthewhitemandoesn ’twantustobeanti-him,lethimstopoppressingandexploiting anddegradingus.WhetherweareChristiansorMuslimsornationa listsoragnosticsoratheists,wemustfirstlearntoforgetourd ifferences.Ifwehavedifferences,letusdifferinthecloset;w henwecomeoutinfront,letusnothaveanythingtoargueaboutunt ilwegetfinishedarguingwiththeman.IfthelatePresidentKenn edycouldgettogetherwithKhrushchevandexchangesomewheat,w ecertainlyhavemoreincommonwitheachotherthanKennedyandKh rushchevhadwitheachother.Ifwedon’tdosomethingrealsoon,Ithinkyou’llhavetoag reethatwe’regoingtobeforcedeithertousetheballotorthebu llet.It’soneortheotherin1964.Itisn’tthattimeisrunning out--timehasrunout!1964threatenstobethemostexplosiveyearAmericahasever witnessed.Themostexplosiveyear.Why?It’salsoapoliticaly ear.It’stheyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticianswillbebackintheso-calledNegrocommunityjivingyouandmeforsomevotes.T heyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticalcrookswillberightbackin yourandmycommunitywiththeirfalsepromises,buildingupourh opesforaletdown,withtheirtrickeryandtheirtreachery,with theirfalsepromiseswhichtheydon’tintendtokeep.Astheynou rishthesedissatisfactions,itcanonlyleadtoonething,anexp losion;andnowwehavethetypeofblackmanonthesceneinAmerica today--I’msorry,BrotherLomax--whojustdoesn’tintendtot urntheothercheekanylonger.Don’tletanybodytellyouanythingabouttheoddsareagain styou.Iftheydraftyou,theysendyoutoKoreaandmakeyouface80 0millionChinese.Ifyoucanbebraveoverthere,youcanbebraver ighthere.Theseoddsaren’tasgreatasthoseodds.Andifyoufig hthere,youwillatleastknowwhatyou’refightingfor.I’mnotapolitician,notevenastudentofpolitics;infact ,I’mnotastudentofmuchofanything.I’mnotaDemocrat.I’mn otaRepublican,andIdon’tevenconsidermyselfanAmerican.If youandIwereAmericans,there’dbenoproblem.ThoseHonkiesth atjustgotofftheboat,they’realreadyAmericans;Polacksare alreadyAmericans;theItalianrefugeesarealreadyAmericans.EverythingthatcameoutofEurope,everyblue-eyedthing,isalr eadyanAmerican.AndaslongasyouandIhavebeenoverhere,weare n’tAmericansyet.Well,Iamonewhodoesn’tbelieveindeludingmyself.I’mn otgoingtositatyourtableandwatchyoueat,withnothingonmypl ate,andcallmyselfadiner.Sittingatthetabledoesn’tmakeyo uadiner,unlessyoueatsomeofwhat’sonthatplate.Beingherei nAmericadoesn’tmakeyouanAmerican.BeingbornhereinAmeric adoesn’tmakeyouanAmerican.Why,ifbirthmadeyouAmerican,y ouwouldn’tneedanylegislation;youwouldn’tneedanyamendm entstotheConstitution;youwouldn’tbefacedwithcivil-righ tsfilibusteringinWashington,D.C.,rightnow.Theydon’thav etopasscivil-rightslegislationtomakeaPolackanAmerican.No,I’mnotanAmerican.I’moneofthe22millionblackpeop lewhoarethevictimsofAmericanism.Oneofthe22millionblackp eoplewhoarethevictimsofdemocracy,nothingbutdisguisedhyp ocrisy.So,I’mnotstandingherespeakingtoyouasanAmerican, orapatriot,oraflag-saluter,oraflag-waver--no,notI.I’ms peakingasavictimofthisAmericansystem.AndIseeAmericathro ughtheeyesofthevictim.Idon’tseeanyAmericandream;IseeanAmericannightmare.These22millionvictimsarewakingup.Theireyesarecoming open.They’rebeginningtoseewhattheyusedtoonlylookat.The y’rebecomingpoliticallymature.Theyarerealizingthatther earenewpoliticaltrendsfromcoasttocoast.Astheyseethesene wpoliticaltrends,it’spossibleforthemtoseethateverytime there’sanelectiontheracesaresoclosethattheyhavetohavea recount.TheyhadtorecountinMassachusettstoseewhowasgoing tobegovernor,itwassoclose.ItwasthesamewayinRhodeIsland, inMinnesota,andinmanyotherpartsofthecountry.Andthesamew ithKennedyandNixonwhentheyranforpresident.Itwassocloset heyhadtocountalloveragain.Well,whatdoesthismean?Itmeans thatwhenwhitepeopleareevenlydivided,andblackpeoplehavea blocofvotesoftheirown,itisleftuptothemtodeterminewho’s goingtositintheWhiteHouseandwho’sgoingtobeinthedoghous e.lt.wastheblackman’svotethatputthepresentadministra tioninWashington,D.C.Yourvote,yourdumbvote,yourignorant vote,yourwastedvoteputinanadministrationinWashington,D.C.,thathasseenfittopasseverykindoflegislationimaginable,savingyouuntillast,thenfilibusteringontopofthat.Andyou randmyleadershavetheaudacitytorunaroundclappingtheirhan dsandtalkabouthowmuchprogresswe’remaking.Andwhatagoodp residentwehave.Ifhewasn’tgoodinTexas,hesurecan’tbegoo dinWashington,D.C.BecauseTexasisalynchstate.Itisinthesa mebreathasMississippi,nodifferent;onlytheylynchyouinTex aswithaTexasaccentandlynchyouinMississippiwithaMississi ppiaccent.AndtheseNegroleadershavetheaudacitytogoandhav esomecoffeeintheWhiteHousewithaTexan,aSoutherncracker--that’sallheis--andthencomeoutandtellyouandmethathe’sg oingtobebetterforusbecause,sincehe’sfromtheSouth,hekno wshowtodealwiththeSoutherners.Whatkindoflogicisthat?Let Eastlandbepresident,he’sfromtheSouthtoo.Heshouldbebett erabletodealwiththemthanJohnson.InthispresentadministrationtheyhaveintheHouseofRepr esentatives257Democratstoonly177Republicans.Theycontrol two-thirdsoftheHousevote.Whycan’ttheypasssomethingthat willhelpyouandme?IntheSenate,thereare67senatorswhoareof theDemocraticParty.Only33ofthemareRepublicans.Why,theDe mocratshavegotthegovernmentsewedup,andyou’retheonewhoseweditupforthem.Andwhathavetheygivenyouforit?Fouryearsi noffice,andjustnowgettingaroundtosomecivil-rightslegisl ation.Justnow,aftereverythingelseisgone,outoftheway,the y’regoingtositdownnowandplaywithyouallsummerlong--thes ameoldgiantcongamethattheycallfilibuster.Allthoseareinc ahootstogether.Don’tyoueverthinkthey’renotincahootsto gether,forthemanthatisheadingthecivil-rightsfilibusteri samanfromGeorgianamedRichardRussell.WhenJohnsonbecamepr esident,thefirstmanheaskedforwhenhegotbacktoWashington, D.C.,was“Dicky”--that’showtighttheyare.That’shisboy ,that’shispal,that’shisbuddy.Butthey’replayingthatol dcongame.Oneofthemmakesbelievehe’sforyou,andhe’sgotit fixedwheretheotheroneissotightagainstyou,heneverhastoke ephispromise.Soit’stimein1964towakeup.Andwhenyouseethemcomingup withthatkindofconspiracy,letthemknowyoureyesareopen.And letthemknowyou--somethingelsethat’swideopentoo.It’sgo ttobetheballotorthebullet.Theballotorthebullet.Ifyou’r eafraidtouseanexpressionlikethat,youshouldgetonoutofthe country;youshouldgetbackinthecottonpatch;youshouldgetbackinthealley.TheygetalltheNegrovote,andaftertheygetit,t heNegrogetsnothinginreturn.AlltheydidwhentheygottoWashi ngtonwasgiveafewbigNegroesbigjobs.ThosebigNegroesdidn’tneedbigjobs,theyalreadyhadjobs.That’scamouflage,that ’strickery,that’streachery,window-dressing.I’mnottry ingtoknockouttheDemocratsfortheRepublicans.We’llgettot heminaminute.Butitistrue;youputtheDemocratsfirstandtheD emocratsputyoulast.Lookatitthewayitis.Whatalibisdotheyuse,sincetheycon trolCongressandtheSenate?WhatalibidotheyusewhenyouandIa sk,“Well,whenareyougoingtokeepyourpromise?”Theyblamet heDixiecrats.WhatisaDixiecrat?ADemocrat.ADixiecratisnot hingbutaDemocratindisguise.ThetitularheadoftheDemocrats isalsotheheadoftheDixiecrats,becausetheDixiecratsareapa rtoftheDemocraticParty.TheDemocratshaveneverkickedtheDi xiecratsoutoftheparty.TheDixiecratsboltedthemselvesonce ,buttheDemocratsdidn’tputthemout.Imagine,theselowdownS outhernsegregationistsputtheNorthernDemocratsdown.Butth eNorthernDemocratshaveneverputtheDixiecratsdown.No,look atthatthingthewayitis.Theyhavegotacongamegoingon,apoliticalcongame,andyouandIareinthemiddle.It’stimeforyouand metowakeupandstartlookingatitlikeitis,andtryingtounders tanditlikeitis;andthenwecandealwithitlikeitis.TheDixiecratsinWashington,D.C.,controlthekeycommitt eesthatrunthegovernment.TheonlyreasontheDixiecratscontr olthesecommitteesisbecausetheyhaveseniority.Theonlyreas ontheyhaveseniorityisbecausetheycomefromstateswhereNegr oescan’tvote.Thisisnotevenagovernmentthat’sbasedondem ocracy.lt.isnotagovernmentthatismadeupofrepresentatives ofthepeople.HalfofthepeopleintheSouthcan’tevenvote.Eas tlandisnotevensupposedtobeinWashington.Halfofthesenator sandcongressmenwhooccupythesekeypositionsinWashington,D .C.,arethereillegally,arethereunconstitutionally.IwasinWashington,D.C.,aweekagoThursday,whentheywere debatingwhetherornottheyshouldletthebillcomeontothefloo r.AndinthebackoftheroomwheretheSenatemeets,there’sahug emapoftheUnitedStates,andonthatmapitshowsthelocationofN egroesthroughoutthecountry.AnditshowsthattheSouthernsec tionofthecountry,thestatesthataremostheavilyconcentrate dwithNegroes,aretheonesthathavesenatorsandcongressmenstandingupfilibusteringanddoingallotherkindsoftrickerytok eeptheNegrofrombeingabletovote.Thisispitiful.Butit’sno tpitifulforusanylonger;it’sactuallypitifulforthewhitem an,becausesoonnow,astheNegroawakensalittlemoreandseesth evisethathe’sin,seesthebagthathe’sin,seestherealgamet hathe’sin,thentheNegro’sgoingtodevelopanewtactic.Thesesenatorsandcongressmenactuallyviolatetheconsti tutionalamendmentsthatguaranteethepeopleofthatparticula rstateorcountytherighttovote.AndtheConstitutionitselfha swithinitthemachinerytoexpelanyrepresentativefromastate wherethevotingrightsofthepeopleareviolated.Youdon’teve nneednewlegislation.AnypersoninCongressrightnow,whoisth erefromastateoradistrictwherethevotingrightsofthepeople areviolated,thatparticularpersonshouldbeexpelledfromCon gress.Andwhenyouexpelhim,you’veremovedoneoftheobstacle sinthepathofanyrealmeaningfullegislationinthiscountry.I nfact,whenyouexpelthem,youdon’tneednewlegislation,beca usetheywillbereplacedbyblackrepresentativesfromcounties anddistrictswheretheblackmanisinthemajority,notinthemin ority.IftheblackmanintheseSouthernstateshadhisfullvotingr ights,thekeyDixiecratsinWashington,D.C.,whichmeanstheke yDemocratsinWashington,D.C.,wouldlosetheirseats.TheDemo craticPartyitselfwouldloseitspower.Itwouldceasetobepowe rfulasaparty.Whenyouseetheamountofpowerthatwouldbelostb ytheDemocraticPartyifitweretolosetheDixiecratwing,orbra nch,orelement,youcanseewhereit’sagainsttheinterestsoft heDemocratstogivevotingrightstoNegroesinstateswheretheD emocratshavebeenincompletepowerandauthorityeversincethe CivilWar.Youjustcan’tbelongtothatPartywithoutanalyzing it.Isayagain,I’mnotanti-Democrat,I’mnotanti-Republic an,I’mnotanti-anything.I’mjustquestioningtheirsinceri ty,andsomeofthestrategythatthey’vebeenusingonourpeople bypromisingthempromisesthattheydon’tintendtokeep.Wheny oukeeptheDemocratsinpower,you’rekeepingtheDixiecratsin power.IdoubtthatmygoodBrotherLomaxwilldenythat.Avotefor aDemocratisavoteforaDixiecrat.That’swhy,in1964,it’sti menowforyouandmetobecomemorepoliticallymatureandrealize whattheballotisfor;whatwe’resupposedtogetwhenwecastaballot;andthatifwedon’tcastaballot,it’sgoingtoendupinas ituationwherewe’regoingtohavetocastabullet.It’seither aballotorabullet.IntheNorth,theydoitadifferentway.Theyhaveasystemtha t’sknownasgerrymandering,whateverthatmeans.Itmeanswhen Negroesbecometooheavilyconcentratedinacertainarea,andbe gintogaintoomuchpoliticalpower,thewhitemancomesalongand changesthedistrictlines.Youmaysay,“Whydoyoukeepsayingw hiteman?”Becauseit’sthewhitemanwhodoesit.Ihaven’teve rseenanyNegrochanginganylines.Theydon’tlethimgetnearth eline.It’sthewhitemanwhodoesthis.Andusually,it’sthewh itemanwhogrinsatyouthemost,andpatsyouontheback,andissup posedtobeyourfriend.Hemaybefriendly,buthe’snotyourfrie nd.So,whatI’mtryingtoimpressuponyou,inessence,isthis: YouandIinAmericaarefacednotwithasegregationistconspirac y,we’refacedwithagovernmentconspiracy.Everyonewho’sfi libusteringisasenator--that’sthegovernment.Everyonewho ’sfinaglinginWashington,D.C.,isacongressman--that’sth egovernment.Youdon’thaveanybodyputtingblocksinyourpathbutpeoplewhoareapartofthegovernment.Thesamegovernmentth atyougoabroadtofightforanddieforisthegovernmentthatisin aconspiracytodepriveyouofyourvotingrights,depriveyouofy oureconomicopportunities,depriveyouofdecenthousing,depr iveyouofdecenteducation.Youdon’tneedtogototheemployera lone,itisthegovernmentitself,thegovernmentofAmerica,tha tisresponsiblefortheoppressionandexploitationanddegrada tionofblackpeopleinthiscountry.Andyoushoulddropitinthei rlap.ThisgovernmenthasfailedtheNegro.Thisso-calleddemoc racyhasfailedtheNegro.Andallthesewhiteliberalshavedefin itelyfailedtheNegro.So,wheredowegofromhere?First,weneedsomefriends.Wene edsomenewallies.Theentirecivil-rightsstruggleneedsanewi nterpretation,abroaderinterpretation.Weneedtolookatthis civil-rightsthingfromanotherangle--fromtheinsideaswella sfromtheoutside.Tothoseofuswhosephilosophyisblacknation alism,theonlywayyoucangetinvolvedinthecivil-rightsstrug gleisgiveitanewinterpretation.Thatoldinterpretationexcl udedus.Itkeptusout.So,we’regivinganewinterpretationtot hecivil-rightsstruggle,aninterpretationthatwillenableustocomeintoit,takepartinit.Andthesehandkerchief-headswho havebeendillydallyingandpussyfootingandcompromising--we don’tintendtoletthempussyfootanddillydallyandcompromis eanylonger.Howcanyouthankamanforgivingyouwhat’salreadyyours?H owthencanyouthankhimforgivingyouonlypartofwhat’salread yyours?Youhaven’tevenmadeprogress,ifwhat’sbeinggivent oyou,youshouldhavehadalready.That’snotprogress.AndIlov emyBrotherLomax,thewayhepointedoutwe’rerightbackwherew ewerein1954.We’renotevenasfarupaswewerein1954.We’rebe hindwherewewerein1954.There’smoresegregationnowthanthe rewasin1954.There’smoreracialanimosity,moreracialhatre d,moreracialviolencetodayin1964,thantherewasin1954.Wher eistheprogress?Andnowyou’refacingasituationwheretheyoungNegro’sc omingup.Theydon’twanttohearthat“turnthe-other-cheek”stuff,no.InJacksonville,thosewereteenagers,theywerethro wingMolotovcocktails.Negroeshaveneverdonethatbefore.But itshowsyouthere’sanewdealcomingin.There’snewthinkingc omingin.There’snewstrategycomingin.It’llbeMolotovcocktailsthismonth,handgrenadesnextmonth,andsomethingelsene xtmonth.It’llbeballots,orit’llbebullets.It’llbeliber ty,oritwillbedeath.Theonlydifferenceaboutthiskindofdeat h--it’llbereciprocal.Youknowwhatismeantby“reciprocal ”?That’soneofBrotherLomax’swords.Istoleitfromhim.Ido n’tusuallydealwiththosebigwordsbecauseIdon’tusuallyde alwithbigpeople.Idealwithsmallpeople.Ifindyoucangetawho lelotofsmallpeopleandwhiphelloutofawholelotofbigpeople. Theyhaven’tgotanythingtolose,andthey’vegoteverythingt ogain.Andthey’llletyouknowinaminute:“Ittakestwototang o;whenIgo,yougo.”Theblacknationalists,thosewhosephilosophyisblacknat ionalism,inbringingaboutthisnewinterpretationoftheentir emeaningofcivilrights,lookuponitasmeaning,asBrotherLoma xhaspointedout,equalityofopportunity.Well,we’rejustifi edinseekingcivilrights,ifitmeansequalityofopportunity,b ecauseallwe’redoingthereistryingtocollectforourinvestm ent.Ourmothersandfathersinvestedsweatandblood.Threehund redandtenyearsweworkedinthiscountrywithoutadimeinreturn --Imeanwithoutadimeinreturn.Youletthewhitemanwalkaroundheretalkingabouthowrichthiscountryis,butyouneverstoptot hinkhowitgotrichsoquick.Itgotrichbecauseyoumadeitrich.Youtakethepeoplewhoareinthisaudiencerightnow.They’repoor.We’reallpoorasindividuals.Ourweeklysalaryindivi duallyamountstohardlyanything.Butifyoutakethesalaryofev eryoneinherecollectively,it’llfillupawholelotofbaskets .It’salotofwealth.Ifyoucancollectthewagesofjustthesepe oplerighthereforayear,you’llberich--richerthanrich.Whe nyoulookatitlikethat,thinkhowrichUncleSamhadtobecome,no twiththishandful,butmillionsofblackpeople.Yourandmymoth erandfather,whodidn’tworkaneight-hourshift,butworkedfr om“can’tsee”inthemorninguntil“can’tsee”atnight,an dworkedfornothing,makingthewhitemanrich,makingUncleSamr ich.Thisisourinvestment.Thisisourcontribution,ourblood.Notonlydidwegiveofourfreelabor,wegaveofourblood.Eve rytimehehadacalltoarms,wewerethefirstonesinuniform.Wedi edoneverybattlefieldthewhitemanhad.Wehavemadeagreatersa crificethananybodywho’sstandingupinAmericatoday.Wehave madeagreatercontributionandhavecollectedless.Civilright s,forthoseofuswhosephilosophyisblacknationalism,means:“Giveittousnow.Don’twaitfornextyear.Giveittousyesterd ay,andthat’snotfastenough.”Imightstoprightheretopointoutonething.Wheneveryou’regoingaftersomethingthatbelongstoyou,anyonewho’sdepri vingyouoftherighttohaveitisacriminal.Understandthat.Whe neveryouaregoingaftersomethingthatisyours,youarewithiny ourlegalrightstolayclaimtoit.Andanyonewhoputsforthanyef forttodepriveyouofthatwhichisyours,isbreakingthelaw,isa criminal.AndthiswaspointedoutbytheSupremeCourtdecision. Itoutlawedsegregation.Whichmeanssegregationisagainstthelaw.Whichmeansaseg regationistisbreakingthelaw.Asegregationistisacriminal. Youcan’tlabelhimasanythingotherthanthat.Andwhenyoudemo nstrateagainstsegregation,thelawisonyourside.TheSupreme Courtisonyourside.Now,whoisitthatopposesyouincarryingoutthelaw?Thepol icedepartmentitself.Withpolicedogsandclubs.Wheneveryoud emonstrateagainstsegregation,whetheritissegregatededuca tion,segregatedhousing,oranythingelse,thelawisonyoursid e,andanyonewhostandsinthewayisnotthelawanylonger.Theyarebreakingthelaw;theyarenotrepresentativesofthelaw.Anyti meyoudemonstrateagainstsegregationandamanhastheaudacity toputapolicedogonyou,killthatdog,killhim,I’mtellingyou ,killthatdog.Isayit,iftheyputmeinjailtomorrow,killthatd og.Thenyou’llputastoptoit.Now,ifthesewhitepeopleinhere don’twanttoseethatkindofaction,getdownandtellthemayort otellthepolicedepartmenttopullthedogsin.That’sallyouha vetodo.Ifyoudon’tdoit,someoneelsewill.Ifyoudon’ttakethiskindofstand,yourlittlechildrenwi llgrowupandlookatyouandthink“shame.”Ifyoudon’ttakean uncompromisingstand,Idon’tmeangooutandgetviolent;butat thesametimeyoushouldneverbenonviolentunlessyourunintoso menonviolence.I’mnonviolentwiththosewhoarenonviolentwi thme.Butwhenyoudropthatviolenceonme,thenyou’vemademego insane,andI’mnotresponsibleforwhatIdo.Andthat’stheway everyNegroshouldget.Anytimeyouknowyou’rewithinthelaw,w ithinyourlegalrights,withinyourmoralrights,inaccordwith justice,thendieforwhatyoubelievein.Butdon’tdiealone.Le tyourdyingbereciprocal.Thisiswhatismeantbyequality.What ’sgoodforthegooseisgoodforthegander.Whenwebegintogetinthisarea,weneednewfriends,weneedn ewallies.Weneedtoexpandthecivil-rightsstruggletoahigher level--tothelevelofhumanrights.Wheneveryouareinacivil-r ightsstruggle,whetheryouknowitornot,youareconfiningyour selftothejurisdictionofUncleSam.Noonefromtheoutsideworl dcanspeakoutinyourbehalfaslongasyourstruggleisacivil-ri ghtsstruggle.Civilrightscomeswithinthedomesticaffairsof thiscountry.AllofourAfricanbrothersandourAsianbrothersa ndourLatin-Americanbrotherscannotopentheirmouthsandinte rfereinthedomesticaffairsoftheUnitedStates.Andaslongasi t’scivilrights,thiscomesunderthejurisdictionofUncleSam .ButtheUnitedNationshaswhat’sknownasthecharterofhum anrights;ithasacommitteethatdealsinhumanrights.Youmaywo nderwhyalloftheatrocitiesthathavebeencommittedinAfricaa ndinHungaryandinAsia,andinLatinAmericaarebroughtbeforet heUN,andtheNegroproblemisneverbroughtbeforetheUN.Thisis partoftheconspiracy.Thisold,trickyblueeyedliberalwhoiss upposedtobeyourandmyfriend,supposedtobeinourcorner,supp osedtobesubsidizingourstruggle,andsupposedtobeactinginthecapacityofanadviser,nevertellsyouanythingabouthumanri ghts.Theykeepyouwrappedupincivilrights.Andyouspendsomuc htimebarkingupthecivil-rightstree,youdon’tevenknowther e’sahuman-rightstreeonthesamefloor.Whenyouexpandthecivil-rightsstruggletothelevelofhum anrights,youcanthentakethecaseoftheblackmaninthiscountr ybeforethenationsintheUN.YoucantakeitbeforetheGeneralAs sembly.YoucantakeUncleSambeforeaworldcourt.Buttheonlyle velyoucandoitonisthelevelofhumanrights.Civilrightskeeps youunderhisrestrictions,underhisjurisdiction.Civilright skeepsyouinhispocket.Civilrightsmeansyou’reaskingUncle Samtotreatyouright.Humanrightsaresomethingyouwerebornwi th.HumanrightsareyourGod-givenrights.Humanrightsarether ightsthatarerecognizedbyallnationsofthisearth.Andanytim eanyoneviolatesyourhumanrights,youcantakethemtotheworld court.UncleSam’shandsaredrippingwithblood,drippingwithth ebloodoftheblackmaninthiscountry.He’stheearth’snumber -onehypocrite.Hehastheaudacity--yes,hehas--imaginehimpo singastheleaderofthefreeworld.Thefreeworld!Andyouoverheresinging“WeShallOvercome.”Expandthecivil-rightsstrug gletothelevelofhumanrights.TakeitintotheUnitedNations,w hereourAfricanbrotherscanthrowtheirweightonourside,wher eourAsianbrotherscanthrowtheirweightonourside,whereourL atin-Americanbrotherscanthrowtheirweightonourside,andwh ere800millionChinamenaresittingtherewaitingtothrowtheir weightonourside.Lettheworldknowhowbloodyhishandsare.Lettheworldknow thehypocrisythat’spracticedoverhere.Letitbetheballotor thebullet.Lethimknowthatitmustbetheballotorthebullet.。
英语演讲稿：The hidden power of smiling(附翻译)
英语演讲稿：The hidden power of smiling（附翻译）the ballot or the bulletby malcolm xapril 3, 1964cleveland, ohiomr. moderator, brother lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: i just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and i don't want to leave anybody out. the question tonight, as i understand it, is "the negro revolt, and where do we go from here?" or what next?" in my little humble way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot or the bullet.before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, i would like to clarify something concerning myself. i'm still a muslim; my religion is still islam. that's my personal belief. just as adam clayton powell is a christian minister who heads the abyssinian baptist church in new york, but at the same time takes part in the political struggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and dr. martin luther king is a christian minister down in atlanta, georgia, who heads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and reverend galamison, i guess you've heard of him, is another christian minister in new york who has been deeply involved in the school boycotts to eliminate segregated education; well, i myself am a minister, not a christian minister, but a muslim minister; and i believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary.although i'm still a muslim, i'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. i'm not here to try and change your religion. i'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a baptist, or a methodist, or a muslim, or a nationalist. whether you're educated or illiterate, whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley, you're going to catch hell just like i am. we're all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. he just happens to be a white man. all of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation at the hands of the white man.now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we'reanti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we'reanti-degradation, we're anti-oppression. and if the white man doesn't want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. whether we are christians or muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. if we have differences, let us differ in the closet; when we come out in front, let us not have anything to argue about until we get finished arguing with the man. if the late president kennedy could get together with khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than kennedy and khrushchev had with each other.if we don't do something real soon, i think you'll have to agree that we're going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. it's one or the other in 1964. it isn't that time is running out -- time has run out!1964 threatens to be the most explosive year america has ever witnessed. the most explosive year. why? it's also a political year. it's the year when all of the white politicians will be back in the so-called negro community jiving you and me for some votes. the year when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep. as they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion; and now we have the type of black man on the scene in america today -- i'm sorry, brother lomax -- who just doesn't intend to turn the other cheek any longer.don't let anybody tell you anything about the odds are against you. if they draft you, they send you to korea and make you face 800 million chinese. if you can be brave over there, you can be brave right here. these odds aren't as great as those odds. and if you fight here, you will at least know what you're fighting for.i'm not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, i'm not a student of much of anything. i'm not a democrat. i'm not a republican, and i don't even consider myself an american. if you and i were americans, there'd be no problem. those honkies that just got off the boat, they're already americans; polacks are already americans; the italian refugees are already americans.everything that came out of europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an american. and as long as you and i have been over here, we aren't americans yet.well, i am one who doesn't believe in deluding myself. i'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate. being here in america doesn't make you an american. being born here in america doesn't make you an american. why, if birth made you american, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments to the constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering in washington, d.c., right now. they don't have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a polack an american.no, i'm not an american. i'm one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of americanism. one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy. so, i'm not standing here speaking to you as an american, or a patriot, or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver -- no, not i. i'm speaking as a victim of this american system. and i see america through the eyes of the victim. i don't see any american dream;i see an american nightmare.these 22 million victims are waking up. their eyes are coming open. they're beginning to see what they used to only look at. they're becoming politically mature. they are realizing that there are new political trends from coast to coast. as they see these new political trends, it's possible for them to see that every time there's an election the races are so close that they have to have a recount. they had to recount in massachusetts to see who was goingto be governor, it was so close. it was the same way in rhode island, in minnesota, and in many other parts of the country. and the same with kennedy and nixon when they ran for president. it was so close they had to count all over again. well, what does this mean? it means that when white people are evenly divided, and black people have a bloc of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who's going to sit in the white house and who's going to be in the dog house.lt. was the black man's vote that put the present administration in washington, d.c. your vote, your dumb vote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in washington, d.c., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that. and your and my leaders have the audacity to run around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress we're making. and what a good president we have. if he wasn't good in texas, he sure can't be good in washington, d.c. because texas is a lynch state. it is in the same breath as mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in texas with a texas accent and lynch you in mississippi with a mississippi accent. and these negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the white house with a texan, a southern cracker -- that's all he is -- and then come out and tell you and me that he's going to be better for us because, since he's from the south, he knows how to deal with the southerners. what kind of logic is that? let eastland be president, he's from the southtoo. he should be better able to deal with them than johnson.in this present administration they have in the house of representatives 257 democrats to only 177 republicans. they control two-thirds of the house vote. why can't they pass something that will help you and me? in the senate, there are 67 senators who are of the democratic party. only 33 of them are republicans. why, the democrats have got the government sewed up, and you're the one who sewed it up for them. and what have they given you for it? four years in office, and just now getting around to some civil-rights legislation. just now, after everything else is gone, out of the way, they're going to sit down now and play with you all summer long -- the same old giant con game that they call filibuster. all those are in cahoots together. don't you ever think they're not in cahoots together, for the man that is heading the civil-rights filibuster is a man from georgia named richard russell. when johnson became president, the first man he asked for when he got back to washington, d.c., was "dicky" -- that's how tight they are. that's his boy, that's his pal, that's his buddy. but they're playing that old con game. one of them makes believe he's for you, and he's got it fixed where the other one is so tight against you, he never has to keep his promise.so it's time in 1964 to wake up. and when you see them coming up with that kind of conspiracy, let them know your eyes are open. and let them know you -- something else that's wide open too. it's got to be the ballot or the bullet. the ballot or the bullet. if you're afraid to use an expression like that, you should get on out of the country; you should get back in the cotton patch; you should get back in the alley. they get all the negro vote, and afterthey get it, the negro gets nothing in return. all they did when they got to washington was give a few big negroes big jobs. those big negroes didn't need big jobs, they already had jobs. that's camouflage, that's trickery, that's treachery, window-dressing. i'm not trying to knock out the democrats for the republicans. we'll get to them in a minute. but it is true; you put the democrats first and the democrats put you last.look at it the way it is. what alibis do they use, since they control congress and the senate? what alibi do they use when you and i ask, "well, when are you going to keep your promise?" they blame the dixiecrats. what is a dixiecrat? a democrat. a dixiecrat is nothing but a democrat in disguise. the titular head of the democrats is also the head of the dixiecrats, because the dixiecrats are a part of the democratic party. the democrats have never kicked the dixiecrats out of the party. the dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the democrats didn't put them out. imagine, these lowdown southern segregationists put the northern democrats down. but the northern democrats have never put the dixiecrats down. no, look at that thing the way it is. they have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and i are in the middle. it's time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is; and then we can deal with it like it is.the dixiecrats in washington, d.c., control the key committees that run the government. the only reason the dixiecrats controlthese committees is because they have seniority. the only reason they have seniority is because they come from states where negroes can't vote. this is not even a government that's based on democracy. lt. is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. half of the people in the south can't even vote. eastland is not even supposed to be in washington. half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in washington, d.c., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally.i was in washington, d.c., a week ago thursday, when they were debating whether or not they should let the bill come onto the floor. and in the back of the room where the senate meets, there's a huge map of the united states, and on that map it shows the location of negroes throughout the country. and it shows that the southern section of the country, the states that are most heavily concentrated with negroes, are the ones that have senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the negro from being able to vote. this is pitiful. but it's not pitiful for us any longer; it's actually pitiful for the white man, because soon now, as the negro awakens a little more and sees the vise that he's in, sees the bag that he's in, sees the real game that he's in, then the negro's going to develop a new tactic.these senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee the people of that particular state or county the right to vote. and the constitution itself has within it the machinery to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. you don't even need new legislation. any person in congress right now,who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from congress. and when you expel him, you've removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. in fact, when you expel them, you don't need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority.if the black man in these southern states had his full voting rights, the key dixiecrats in washington, d. c., which means the key democrats in washington, d.c., would lose their seats. the democratic party itself would lose its power. it would cease to be powerful as a party. when you see the amount of power that would be lost by the democratic party if it were to lose the dixiecrat wing, or branch, or element, you can see where it's against the interests of the democrats to give voting rights to negroes in states where the democrats have been in complete power and authority ever since the civil war. you just can't belong to that party without analyzing it.i say again, i'm not anti-democrat, i'm not anti-republican, i'm not anti-anything. i'm just questioning their sincerity, and some of the strategy that they've been using on our people by promising them promises that they don't intend to keep. when you keep the democrats in power, you're keeping the dixiecrats in power.i doubt that my good brother lomax will deny that. a vote for ademocrat is a vote for a dixiecrat. that's why, in 1964, it's time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; what we're supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we don't cast a ballot, it's going to end up in a situation where we're going to have to cast a bullet. it's either a ballot or a bullet.in the north, they do it a different way. they have a system that's known as gerrymandering, whatever that means. it means when negroes become too heavily concentrated in a certain area, and begin to gain too much political power, the white man comes along and changes the district lines. you may say, "why do you keep saying white man?" because it's the white man who does it. i haven't ever seen any negro changing any lines. they don't let him get near the line. it's the white man who does this. and usually, it's the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. he may be friendly, but he's not your friend.so, what i'm trying to impress upon you, in essence, is this: you and i in america are faced not with a segregationist conspiracy, we're faced with a government conspiracy. everyone who's filibustering is a senator -- that's the government. everyone who's finagling in washington, d.c., is a congressman -- that's the government. you don't have anybody putting blocks in your path but people who are a part of the government. the same government that you go abroad to fight for and die for is the government that is in a conspiracy to deprive you of your voting rights, deprive you of your economic opportunities, deprive you of decent housing, deprive you of decent education. you don't need to go to theemployer alone, it is the government itself, the government of america, that is responsible for the oppression and exploitation and degradation of black people in this country. and you should drop it in their lap. this government has failed the negro. this so-called democracy has failed the negro. and all these white liberals have definitely failed the negro.so, where do we go from here? first, we need some friends. we need some new allies. the entire civil-rights struggle needs a new interpretation, a broader interpretation. we need to look at this civil-rights thing from another angle -- from the inside as well as from the outside. to those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is give it a new interpretation. that old interpretation excluded us. it kept us out. so, we're giving a new interpretation to the civil-rights struggle, an interpretation that will enable us to come into it, take part in it. and these handkerchief-heads who have been dillydallying and pussy footing and compromising -- we don't intend to let them pussyfoot and dillydally and compromise any longer.how can you thank a man for giving you what's already yours? how then can you thank him for giving you only part of what's already yours? you haven't even made progress, if what's being given to you, you should have had already. that's not progress. and i love my brother lomax, the way he pointed out we're right back where we were in 1954. we're not even as far up as we were in 1954. we'rebehind where we were in 1954. there's more segregation now than there was in 1954. there's more racial animosity, more racial hatred, more racial violence today in 1964, than there was in 1954. where is the progress?and now you're facing a situation where the young negro's coming up. they don't want to hear that "turn the-other-cheek" stuff, no. in jacksonville, those were teenagers, they were throwing molotov cocktails. negroes have never done that before. but it shows you there's a new deal coming in. there's new thinking coming in. there's new strategy coming in. it'll be molotov cocktails this month, hand grenades next month, and something else next month. it'll be ballots, or it'll be bullets. it'll be liberty, or it will be death. the only difference about this kind of death -- it'll be reciprocal. you know what is meant by "reciprocal"? that's one of brother lomax's words. i stole it from him. i don't usually deal with those big words because i don't usually deal with big people. i deal with small people. i find you can get a whole lot of small people and whip hell out of a whole lot of big people. they haven't got anything to lose, and they've got every thing to gain. and they'll let you know in a minute: "it takes two to tango; when i go, you go."the black nationalists, those whose philosophy is black nationalism, in bringing about this new interpretation of the entire meaning of civil rights, look upon it as meaning, as brother lomax has pointed out, equality of opportunity. well, we're justified in seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity, because all we're doing there is trying to collect for our investment. our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood. three hundred and ten years we worked in this country withouta dime in return -- i mean without a dime in return. you let the white man walk around here talking about how rich this country is, but you never stop to think how it got rich so quick. it got rich because you made it rich.you take the people who are in this audience right now. they're poor. we're all poor as individuals. our weekly salary individually amounts to hardly anything. but if you take the salary of everyone in here collectively, it'll fill up a whole lot of baskets. it's a lot of wealth. if you can collect the wages of just these people right here for a year, you'll be rich -- richer than rich. when you look at it like that, think how rich uncle sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of black people. your and my mother and father, who didn't work an eight-hour shift, but worked from "can't see" in the morning until "can't see" at night, and worked for nothing, making the white man rich, making uncle sam rich. this is our investment. this is our contribution, our blood.not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. we died on every battlefield the white man had. we have made a greater sacrifice than anybody who's standing up in america today. we have made a greater contribution and have collected less. civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, means: "give it to us now. don't wait for next year. give it to us yesterday, and that's not fast enough."i might stop right here to point out one thing. whenever you'regoing after something that belongs to you, anyone who's depriving you of the right to have it is a criminal. understand that. whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. and anyone who puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. and this was pointed out by the supreme court decision. it outlawed segregation.which means segregation is against the law. which means a segregationist is breaking the law. a segregationist is a criminal. you can't label him as anything other than that. and when you demonstrate against segregation, the law is on your side. the supreme court is on your side.now, who is it that opposes you in carrying out the law? the police department itself. with police dogs and clubs. whenever you demonstrate against segregation, whether it is segregated education, segregated housing, or anything else, the law is on your side, and anyone who stands in the way is not the law any longer. they are breaking the law; they are not representatives of the law. any time you demonstrate against segregation and a man has the audacity to put a police dog on you, kill that dog, kill him, i'm telling you, kill that dog. i say it, if they put me in jail tomorrow, kill that dog. then you'll put a stop to it. now, if these white people in here don't want to see that kind of action, get down and tell the mayor to tell the police department to pull the dogs in. that's all you have to do. if you don't do it, someone else will.if you don't take this kind of stand, your little children will grow up and look at you and think "shame." if you don't take an uncompromising stand, i don't mean go out and get violent; but atthe same time you should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence. i'm nonviolent with those who are nonviolent with me. but when you drop that violence on me, then you've made me go insane, and i'm not responsible for what i do. and that's the way every negro should get. any time you know you're within the law, within your legal rights, within your moral rights, in accord with justice, then die for what you believe in. but don't die alone. let your dying be reciprocal. this is what is meant by equality. what's good for the goose is good for the gander.when we begin to get in this area, we need new friends, we need new allies. we need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level -- to the level of human rights. whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of uncle sam. no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. all of our african brothers and our asian brothers and our latin-american brothers cannot open their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the united states. and as long as it's civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of uncle sam.but the united nations has what's known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. you may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in africa and in hungary and in asia, and in latin america are brought beforethe un, and the negro problem is never brought before the un. this is part of the conspiracy. this old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser, never tells you anything about human rights. they keep you wrapped up in civil rights. and you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you don't even know there's a human-rights tree on the same floor.when you expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights, you can then take the case of the black man in this country before the nations in the un. you can take it before the general assembly. you can take uncle sam before a world court. but the only level you can do it on is the level of human rights. civil rights keeps you under his restrictions, under his jurisdiction. civil rights keeps you in his pocket. civil rights means you're asking uncle sam to treat you right. human rights are something you were born with. human rights are your god-given rights. human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. and any time any one violates your human rights, you can take them to the world court.uncle sam's hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the blood of the black man in this country. he's the earth's number-one hypocrite. he has the audacity -- yes, he has -- imagine him posing as the leader of the free world. the free world! and you over here singing "we shall overcome." expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights. take it into the united nations, where our african brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our asian brothers can throw their weight on our side, where ourlatin-american brothers can throw their weight on our side, and where 800 million chinamen are sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side.let the world know how bloody his hands are. let the world know the hypocrisy that's practiced over here. let it be the ballot or the bullet. let him know that it must be the ballot or the bullet.。
美国经典英文演讲100篇
美国经典英文演讲100篇篇一：最伟大的100篇英文演讲排名 Top100 speechesTop100 speeches 美国20世纪最伟大演讲100篇Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25SpeakerMartin Luther King, Jr. John Fitzgerald Kennedy Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt Barbara Charline Jordan Richard Milhous Ni某on Malcolm 某 Ronald Wilson Reagan John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon Baines Johnson Mario Matthew Cuomo Jesse Louis Jackson Barbara Charline Jordan (General) Douglas MacArthur Martin Luther King, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt Robert Francis Kennedy Dwight David Eisenhower Thomas Woodrow Wilson (General) Douglas MacArthur Richard Milhous Ni某on John Fitzgerald Kennedy Clarence Seward Darrow Russell H. Conwell Ronald Wilson ReaganTitle/Te某t/MultiMediaI Have A Dream Inaugural Address First Inaugural Address Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation 1976 DNC Keynote Address CheckersThe Ballot or the BulletShuttle Challenger Disaster Address Houston Ministerial Association Speech We Shall Overcome 1984 DNC Keynote Address 1984 DNC AddressStatement on the Articles of Impeachment Farewell Address to Congress Ive Been to the Mountaintop The Man with the Muck-rake Remarks on the Assassination of MLK Farewell Address War Message Duty, Honor, Country The Great Silent Majority Ich bin ein Berliner Mercy for Leopold and Loeb Acres of Diamonds A Time for ChoosingAudiomp3 mp3 mp3.1 mp3.2 mp3 mp3 mp3 TranscriptPDF F FLASHPDF FLASHPDF FLASHPDF F FLASH PDF F FLASHmp3mp3mp3-E某cerpt26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35Huey Pierce Long Anna Howard Shaw Franklin Delano Roosevelt Ronald Wilson Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan Franklin Delano Roosevelt Harry S. Truman William Cuthbert Faulkner Eugene Victor Debs Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonEvery Man a KingThe Fundamental Principle of a Republic The Arsenal of Democracy The Evil Empire First Inaugural Address First Fireside Chat The Truman Doctrine Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech 1918 Statement to the Court Womens Rights are Human Rightsmp3mp3PDF F FLASH PDF FLASHPDF FLASH36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50Dwight David Eisenhower John Fitzgerald Kennedy Dorothy Ann Willis Richards Richard Milhous Ni某on Thomas Woodrow Wilson Margaret Chase Smith Franklin Delano Roosevelt Martin Luther King, Jr. William Jennings Bryan Barbara Pierce Bush John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy Spiro Theodore Agnew Jesse Louis Jackson Mary FisherAtoms for PeaceAmerican University Commencement Address 1988 DNC Keynote Address Resignation Speech The Fourteen Points Declaration of Conscience The Four Freedoms A Time to Break Silence Against Imperialism1990 Wellesley College Commencement Address Civil Rights Address Cuban Missile Crisis Address Television News Coverage 1988 DNC Address A Whisper of AIDSmp3PDF FLASHOff-Site.mp3 mp3 mp3.1 mp3.2PDF FLASH51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74Lyndon Baines Johnson George Catlett Marshall Edward Moore Kennedy Adlai Ewing Stevenson Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Geraldine Anne Ferraro Robert Marion La Follette Ronald Wilson Reagan Mario Matthew Cuomo Edward Moore Kennedy John Llewellyn Lewis Barry Morris Goldwater Stokely Carmichael Hubert Horatio Humphrey Emma Goldman Carrie Chapman Catt Newton Norman Minow Edward Moore Kennedy Anita Faye Hill Thomas Woodrow Wilson Hey Louis (Lou) Gehrig Richard Milhous Ni某on Carrie Chapman Catt Edward Moore KennedyThe Great Society The Marshall PlanTruth and Tolerance in America Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address The Struggle for Human RightsVice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech Free Speech in Wartime 40th Anniversary of D-Day Address Religious Belief and Public Morality Chappaquiddick The Rights of LaborPresidential Nomination Acceptance Address Black Power 1948 DNC Address Address to the Jury The CrisisTelevision and the Public Interest Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee League of Nations Final Address Farewell to Baseball Address Cambodian Incursion Address Address to the U.S. Congress 1980 DNC Addressmp3 mp3PDF F FLASHPDF F FLASHmp3mp3Off-Site mp3PDF FLASHPDF F FLASHmp3mp3mp3PDF F FLASH75 Lyndon Baines Johnson On Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Election76 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Commonwealth Club Address 77 Thomas Woodrow Wilson First Inaugural Address78 Mario Savio Sproul Hall Sit-in Speech/An End to History 79 Elizabeth Glaser 1992 DNC Address 80 Eugene Victor Debs The Issue 81 Margaret Higgins Sanger Childrens Era82 Ursula Kroeber Le Guin A Left-Handed Commencement Address 83 Crystal Eastman Now We Can Begin 84 Huey Pierce Long Share Our Wealth85 Gerald Rudolph Ford Address on Taking the Oath of Office 86 Cesar Estrada Chavez Speech on Ending His 25 Day Fast 87 Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Statement at the Smith Act Trial 88 Jimmy Earl Carter A Crisis of Confidence 89 Malcolm 某 Message to the Grassroots 90 William Jefferson Clinton Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Address 91 Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm For the Equal Rights Amendment 92 Ronald Wilson Reagan Brandenburg Gate Address 93 Eliezer (Elie) Wiesel The Perils of Indifference94 Gerald Rudolph Ford National Address Pardoning Richard M. Ni 某on 95 Thomas Woodrow Wilson For the League of Nations 96 Lyndon Baines Johnson Let Us Continue97 Joseph N. Welch Have You No Sense of Decency 98 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Adopting the Declaration of Human Rights 99 Robert Francis Kennedy Day of Affirmation100John Forbes KerryVietnam Veterans Against the WarPDF FLASHmp3mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASH mp3PDF FLASHPDF FLASHmp3mp3PDF FLASH篇二：美国20世纪100个经典英文演讲MP3RankSpeakerTitle/Te某tAudio1Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have A Dreammp3 Stream2John Fitzgerald KennedyInaugural Addressmp3Stream3Franklin Delano RooseveltFirst Inaugural Addressmp3Stream4Franklin Delano RooseveltPearl Harbor Address to the Nationmp3Stream5Barbara Charline Jordan1976 DNC Keynote Addressmp3Stream6Richard MilhousNi某onCheckersmp3 Stream7Malcolm 某The Ballot or theBulletmp3.1 mp3.28Ronald Wilson ReaganShuttle Challenger Disaster Addressmp3 Stream9John Fitzgerald KennedyHouston Ministerial Association Speechmp3 Stream10Lyndon Baines JohnsonWe Shall Overcomemp3 Stream11Mario Mathew Cuomo1984 DNC Keynote Addressmp3 Stream12Jesse Louis Jackson1984 DNC Addressmp3.1 mp3.2 mp3.313Barbara Charline JordanStatement on the Articles ofImpeachmentmp3 Stream14(General) Douglas MacArthurFarewell Address to Congressmp3 Stream15Martin Luther King, Jr. Ive Been tothe Mountaintopmp3 Stream16TheodoreRooseveltThe Man with the Muck-rake17Robert FrancisKennedyRemarks on the Assassination of MLKingmp3 Stream18Dwight David EisenhowerFarewell Addressmp3 Stream19Woodrow Thomas WilsonWar Message20(General) Douglas MacArthurDuty, Honor, Countrymp3Stream21Richard Milhous Ni某onThe Great Silent Majoritymp3Stream22John Fitzgerald KennedyIch bin ein Berlinermp3Stream23Clarence Seward DarrowMercy for Leopold and Loeb24Russell H. ConwellAcres of Diamondsmp3 Stream25Ronald Wilson ReaganA Time for Choosingmp3Streamw26Huey Pierce LongEvery Man a King27Anna Howard ShawThe Fundamental Principle of a Republic28Franklin Delano RooseveltThe Arsenal of Democracymp3 Stream29Ronald Wilson ReaganThe Evil Empiremp3 Stream30Ronald Wilson ReaganFirst Inaugural Addressmp3Stream31Franklin Delano RooseveltFirst Fireside Chatmp3Stream32Harry S. TrumanThe Truman Doctrinemp3 Stream33William Cuthbert FaulknerNobel Prize Acceptance Speechmp3Stream34Eugene Victor Debs1918 Statement to the Court35Hillary Rodham ClintonWomens Rights are Human Rights36Dwight David EisenhowerAtoms for Peacemp3 Stream37John FitzgeraldKennedyAmerican University Commencement Addressmp338Dorothy Ann Willis Richards1988 DNC Keynote Addressmp339Richard Milhous Ni某onResignation Speechmp340Woodrow ThomasWilsonThe Fourteen Points41Margaret Chase SmithDeclaration of Conscience42Franklin Delano RooseveltThe Four Freedomsmp343MartinLuther King, Jr.A Time to Break Silencemp344Mary Church TerrellWhat it Means to be Colored in the... Jennings BryanAgainstImperialismReal Audio Stream46Margaret Higgins SangerThe Morality of Birth Control47Barbara Pierce Bush1990 Wellesley College Commencement Addressmp348John Fitzgerald KennedyCivil Rights Addressmp349John Fitzgerald KennedyCuban Missile CrisisAddressmp350Spiro Theodore AgnewTelevision News Coveragemp3 w51Jesse Louis Jackson1988 DNC Addressmp3.1mp3.252Mary FisherA Whisper of AIDSmp353Lyndon Baines JohnsonThe Great Societymp3 Stream54George Catlett MarshallThe MarshallPlanmp355Edward Moore KennedyTruth and Tolerance in Americamp356Adlai Ewing StevensonPresidential Nomination AcceptanceAddress57Anna Eleanor RooseveltThe Struggle for HumanRights58Geraldine AnneFerraroVice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speechmp359Robert Marion La FolletteFreeSpeech in Wartime60Ronald Wilson Reagan40th Anniversary of D-Day Addressmp361Mario Mathew CuomoReligious Belief and PublicMorality62Edward MooreKennedyChappaquiddickmp363John Llewellyn LewisThe Rights ofLabor64Barry Morris GoldwaterPresidential Nomination Acceptance Addressmp365Stokely CarmichaelBlackPower66Hubert Horatio Humphrey1948 DNC Address67Emma GoldmanAddress to the Jury68Carrie Chapman CattThe Crisis69Newton Norman MinowTelevision and the Public InterestReal AudioStream70Edward Moore KennedyEulogy for Robert Francis Kennedymp3 Stream71Anita Faye HillStatement to the Senate Judiciary Committeemp372Woodrow Thomas WilsonLeague of Nations FinalAddress73Hey Louis (Lou) GehrigFarewell to BaseballAddressmp374Richard Milhous Ni某onCambodian IncursionAddressmp375CarrieChapman CattAddress to the U.S.Congresssw76Edward Moore Kennedy1980 DNC Addressmp377Lyndon Baines JohnsonOn Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Electionmp378Franklin Delano RooseveltCommonwealth ClubAddress79Woodrow Thomas WilsonFirst Inaugural Address80Mario SavioAn End toHistory81Elizabeth Glaser1992 DNC Addressmp382Eugene Victor DebsThe Issue83Margaret Higgins SangerThe Childrens Era84Ursula Le GuinA Left-Handed CommencementAddress85Crystal EastmanNow We Can Begin86Huey Pierce LongShare Our Wealth87Gerald Rudolph FordAddress on Taking the Oath of Officemp388Cesar Estrada ChavezSpeech on Ending His 25 Day Fast89Elizabeth Gurley FlynnStatement at the Smith Act Trial90Jimmy Earl CarterA Crisis of Confidencemp391Malcolm 某Message to the Grassrootsmp392William Jefferson ClintonOklahoma Bombing Memorial Addressmp393Shirley Anita St. Hill ChisholmFor the Equal RightsAmendment94Ronald Wilson ReaganBrandenburg GateAddressmp395Eliezer (Elie) WieselThe Perils ofIndifferencemp396Gerald Rudolph FordNational Address Pardoning Richard M.Ni某onmp397Woodrow Thomas WilsonFor the League ofNations98Lyndon Baines JohnsonLet Us Continuemp399Joseph N. WelchHave You No Sense of Decencymp3100Anna EleanorRooseveltAdopting the Declaration of Human Rightsmp3From：/wzylc/ /df888/ b某/slpylc/ b某/wl某e/ /yfgj/ 篇三：经典英文演讲100篇13Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Articles of ImpeachmentIf the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that18th century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th century paper shredder. Mr. Chairman, I join my colleague Mr. Rangel in thanking you for giving the junior members of this committee the glorious opportunity of sharing the pain of this inquiry. Mr. Chairman, you are a strong man, and it has not been easy but we have tried as best we can to give you as much assistance as possible.Earlier today, we heard the beginning of the Preamble to theConstitution of the United States, We, the people. Its a veryeloquent beginning. But when that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not included in that We, the people. I felt somehow for many years that George Washington and Ale 某ander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in We, the people.Today I am an inquisitor. An hyperbole would not be fictional and would not overstate the solemnness that I feel right now. My faith in the Constitution is whole; it is complete; it is total. And I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator to the diminution, the subversion, the destruction, of the Constitution.Who can so properly be the inquisitors for the nation as therepresentatives of the nation themselves? (Federalist, no. 65). The subject of its jurisdiction are those offenses which proceed from the misconduct of public men. That is what we are talking about. In other words, the jurisdiction comes from the abuse of violation of some public trust. It is wrong, I suggest, it is a misreading of theConstitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the president should be removed from office. The Constitution doesnt say that. The powers relating to impeachment are an essential check in the hands of the body of the legislatureagainst and upon the encroachments of the e某ecutive. The division between the two branches of the legislature, the House and theSenate, assigning to the one the right to accuse and to the other theright to judge, the framers of this Constitution were very astute. They did not make the accusers and the judges the same person.We know the nature of impeachment. We have been talking about it awhile now. It is chiefly designed for the president and his high ministers to somehow be called into account. It is designed tobridle the e某ecutive if he engages in e某cesses. It is designed as a method of national inquest into the public men. The framers confined in the congress the power if need be, to remove the president in order to strike a delicate balance between a president swollen with power and grown tyrannical, and preservation of the independence of the e某ecutive. The nature of impeachment is a narrowly channelede某ception to the separation-of-powers ma某im; the federal convention of 1787 said that.The framers limited impeachment to high crimes and misdemeanors and discounted and opposed the term maladministration. It is to be used only for great misdemeanors, so it was said in the North Carolina ratification convention. And in the Virginia ratificationconvention: We do not trust our liberty to a particular branch. We need one branch to check the others.The North Carolina ratification convention: No one need be afraid that officers who commit oppression will pass with immunity.Prosecutions of impeachments will seldom fail to agitate the passions of the whole community, said Hamilton in the Federalist Papers, no.65. And to divide it into parties more or less friendly or inimical to the accused. I do not mean political parties in that sense.The drawing of political lines goes to the motivation behindimpeachment; but impeachment must proceed within the confines of the constitutional term high crimes and misdemeanors. Of theimpeachment process, it was Woodrow Wilson who said that nothing short of the grossest offenses against the plain law of the land will suffice to give them speed and effectiveness. Indignation so great as to overgrow party interest may secure a conviction; but nothing else can.Common sense would be revolted if we engaged upon this processfor petty reasons. Congress has a lot to do: Appropriation, Ta某Reform, Health Insurance, Campaign Finance Reform, Housing,Environmental Protection, Energy Sufficiency, Mass Transportation. Pettiness cannot be allowed to stand in the face of such overwhelming problems. So today we are not being petty. We are trying to be big because the task we have before us is a big one. This morning, in a discussion of the evidence, we were told that the evidence which purports to support the allegations of misuse of the CIA by the President is thin. We are told that that evidence isinsufficient. What that recital of the evidence this morning did not include is what the President did know on June the 23rd, 1972. The President did know that it was Republican money, that it was money from the Committee for the Re-Election of the President, which was found in the possession of one of the burglars arrested on June the 17th. What the President did know on the 23rd of June was the prior activities of E. Howard Hunt, which included his participation in the break-in of Daniel Ellsbergs psychiatrist, which included Howard Hunts participation in the Dita Beard ITT affair, which includedHoward Hunts fabrication of cables designed to discredit the Kennedy administration.We were further cautioned today that perhaps these proceedings ought to be delayed because certainly there would be new evidence forthcoming from the president of the United States. There has not even been an obfuscated indication that this committee would receiveany additional materials from the President. The committee subpoenais outstanding, and if the president wants to supply that material, the committee sits here. The fact is that on yesterday, the Americanpeople waited with great an某iety for eight hours, not knowing whether their president would obey an order of the Supreme Court of the United States.At this point, I would like to ju某tapose a few of the impeachment criteria with some of actions the President has engaged in.Impeachment criteria: James Madison, from the Virginiaratification convention. If the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believethat he will shelter him, he may be impeached.We have heard time and time again that the evidence reflects the payment to defendants of money. The president had knowledge that these funds were being paid and these were funds collected for the 1972 presidential campaign. We know that the president met with Mr. Hey Petersen twenty-seven times to discuss matters related to Watergate and immediately thereafter met with the very persons who were implicated in the information Mr. Petersen was receiving and transmitting to the president. The words are if the president be connected in any suspicious manner with any person and there be grounds to believe that he will shelter that person, he may be impeached.Justice Story: Impeachment is intended for occasional ande某traordinary cases where a superior power acting for the whole people is put into operation to protect their rights and rescue their liberties from violations.We know about the Huston plan. We know about the break-in of the psychiatrists office. We know that there was absolute completedirection in August 1971 when the president instructed Ehrlichman to do whatever is necessary. This instruction led to a surreptitious entry into Dr. Fieldings office.Protect their rights. Rescue their liberties from violation.The South Carolina ratification convention impeachment criteria: those are impeachable who behave amiss or betray their public trust.Beginning shortly after the Watergate break-in and continuing to the present time, the president has engaged in a series of publicstatements and actions designed to thwart the lawfulinvestigation by government prosecutors. Moreover, the president has made public announcements and assertions bearing on the Watergate case which the evidence will show he knew to be false. These assertions, false assertions, impeachable, those who misbehave. Those who behave amiss or betray their public trust.James Madison again at the Constitutional Convention: A president is impeachable if he attempts to subvert the Constitution.The Constitution charges the president with the task of taking care that the laws be faithfully e某ecuted, and yet the president has counseled his aides to commit perjury, willfully disregarded the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, concealed surreptitious entry, attempted to compromise a federal judge while publicly displaying his cooperation with the processes of criminal justice.A president is impeachable if he attempts to subvert theConstitution.If the impeachment provision in the Constitution of the United States will not reach the offenses charged here, then perhaps that18th century Constitution should be abandoned to a 20th century paper shredder.Has the president committed offenses, and planned, and directed, and acquiesced in a course of conduct which the Constitution will not tolerate? Thats the question. We know that. We know the question. We should now forthwith proceed to answer the question. It is reason, and not passion, which must guide our deliberations, guide our debate, and guide our decision.。
世界十大著名演讲稿
世界十大著名演讲稿1. "I Have a Dream" – Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.的"I Have a Dream"是世界上最著名的演讲之一。
这篇演讲在1963年的华盛顿林肯纪念碑前发表，呼吁结束种族歧视，推动平等和公正。
他以动人的词句激励民众，传达了一个自由、公正的美好愿景，这个愿景不仅改变了美国，也影响了整个世界。
2. "I Am Prepared to Die" – Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela在1964年被控叛国罪和恐怖主义罪被判终身监禁之前发表了"I Am Prepared to Die"这篇演讲。
他在法庭上以镇定自若的态度为自己辩护，强调非暴力抵抗和反对种族隔离的原则。
这篇演讲展示了他的坚定和毅力，成为南非反种族隔离运动的象征。
3. "Tear down this wall!" – Ronald Reagan1987年，美国总统罗纳德·里根在柏林墙西柏林的勒纳河门前发表了这篇演讲，强烈要求苏联的格奥尔基·马尔科夫拆除柏林墙。
通过这篇演讲，里根向全世界展示了西方世界对于共产主义制度的坚定立场，并唤起了国际社会的重视。
4. "We Shall Fight on the Beaches" – Winston Churchill二战期间，英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔发表了"We Shall Fight on the Beaches"这篇演讲，凭借他的鼓舞人心的表达方式，鼓励英国民众在战争最困难的时刻坚持抵抗。
这篇演讲激发了一代人的勇气和决心，树立了不屈不挠的精神。
5. "The Gettysburg Address" – Abraham Lincoln在美国南北战争期间，美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯发表了"The Gettysburg Address"，这篇演讲向世人宣告了一个新的美国，一个摆脱奴隶制度，追求平等和自由的国家。
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹 The Ballot or the Bullet
马尔科姆演讲稿：选票还是子弹TheBallot or the Bulletby malcolm xapril 3, 1964cleveland, ohiomr. moderator, brother lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: i just can t believe everyone in here is a friend, and i don t want to leave anybody out. the question tonight, as i understand it, is the negro revolt, and where do we go from here? or what next? in my little humble way of understanding it, it points toward either the ballot or the bullet.before we try and explain what is meant by the ballot or the bullet, i would like to clarify something concerning myself.i m still a muslim; my religion is still islam. that s my personal belief. just as adam clayton powell is a christian minister who heads the abyssinian baptist church in new york, but at the same time takes part in the political struggles to try and bring about rights to the black people in this country; and dr. martin luther king is a christian minister down in atlanta, georgia, whoheads another organization fighting for the civil rights of black people in this country; and reverend galamison, i guess you ve heard of him, is another christian minister in new york who has been deeply involved in the school boycotts to eliminate segregated education; well, i myself am a minister, not a christian minister, but a muslim minister; and i believe in action on all fronts by whatever means necessary.although i m still a muslim, i m not here tonight to discuss my religion. i m not here to try and change your religion. i m not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it s time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you re a baptist, or a methodist, or a muslim, or a nationalist. whether you re educated or illiterate, whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley, you re going to catch hell just like i am. we re all in the same boat and we all are going to catch the same hell from the same man. he just happens to be a white man. all of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation at the hands of thewhite man.now in speaking like this, it doesn t mean that we re anti-white, but it does mean we re anti-exploitation, we re anti-degradation, we re anti-oppression. and if the white man doesn t want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. whether we are christians or muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. if we have differences, let us differ in the closet; when we come out in front, let us not have anything to argue about until we get finished arguing with the man. if the late president kennedy could get together with khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than kennedy and khrushchev had with each other.if we don t do something real soon, i think you ll have to agree that we re going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet. it s one or the other in 1964. it isn t that time is running out -- time has run out!1964 threatens to be the most explosive year america has ever witnessed. the most explosive year. why? it s also a political year. it s the year when all of the white politicians will be back in the so-called negro community jiving you and mefor some votes. the year when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don t intend to keep. as they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion; and now we have the type of black man on the scene in america today -- i m sorry, brother lomax -- who just doesn t intend to turn the other cheek any longer.don t let anybody tell you anything about the odds are against you. if they draft you, they send you to korea and make you face 800 million chinese. if you can be brave over there, you can be brave right here. these odds aren t as great as those odds. and if you fight here, you will at least know what you re fighting for.i m not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, i m not a student of much of anything. i m not a democrat. i m not a republican, and i don t even consider myself an american. if you and i were americans, there d be no problem. those honkies that just got off the boat, they re already americans; polacks are already americans; the italian refugees are already americans. everything that came out of europe, everyblue-eyed thing, is already an american. and as long as you and i have been over here, we aren t americans yet.well, i am one who doesn t believe in deluding myself. i m not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. sitting at the table doesn t make you a diner, unless you eat some of what s on that plate. being here in america doesn t make you an american. being born here in america doesn t make you an american. why, if birth made you american, you wouldn t need any legislation; you wouldn t need any amendments to the constitution; you wouldn t be faced with civil-rights filibustering in washington, d.c., right now. they don t have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a polack an american.no, i m not an american. i m one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of americanism. one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy. so, i m not standing here speaking to you as an american, or a patriot, or a flag-saluter, or a flag-waver -- no, not i. i m speaking as a victim of this american system. and i see america through the eyes of the victim. i don t see any american dream; i see an american nightmare.these 22 million victims are waking up. their eyes are coming open. they re beginning to see what they used to only look at. they re becoming politically mature. they are realizing that there are new political trends from coast to coast. as they see these new political trends, it s possible for them to see that every time there s an election the races are so close that they have to have a recount. they had to recount in massachusetts to see who was going to be governor, it was so close. it was the same way in rhode island, in minnesota, and in many other parts of the country. and the same with kennedy and nixon when they ran for president. it was so close they had to count all over again. well, what does this mean? it means that when white people are evenly divided, and black people have a bloc of votes of their own, it is left up to them to determine who s going to sit in the white house and who s going to be in the dog house.lt. was the black man s vote that put the present administration in washington, d.c. your vote, your dumb vote, your ignorant vote, your wasted vote put in an administration in washington, d.c., that has seen fit to pass every kind of legislation imaginable, saving you until last, then filibustering on top of that. and your and my leaders have the audacity torun around clapping their hands and talk about how much progress we re making. and what a good president we have. if he wasn t good in texas, he sure can t be good in washington, d.c. because texas is a lynch state. it is in the same breath as mississippi, no different; only they lynch you in texas with a texas accent and lynch you in mississippi with a mississippi accent. and these negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the white house with a texan, a southern cracker -- that s all he is -- and then come out and tell you and me that he s going to be better for us because, since he s from the south, he knows how to deal with the southerners. what kind of logic is that? let eastland be president, he s from the south too. he should be better able to deal with them than johnson.in this present administration they have in the house of representatives 257 democrats to only 177 republicans. they control two-thirds of the house vote. why can t they pass something that will help you and me? in the senate, there are 67 senators who are of the democratic party. only 33 of them are republicans. why, the democrats have got the government sewed up, and you re the one who sewed it up for them. and what have they given you for it? four years in office, and justnow getting around to some civil-rights legislation. just now, after everything else is gone, out of the way, they re going to sit down now and play with you all summer long -- the same old giant con game that they call filibuster. all those are in cahoots together. don t you ever think they re not in cahoots together, for the man that is heading the civil-rights filibuster is a man from georgia named richard russell. when johnson became president, the first man he asked for when he got back to washington, d.c., was dicky -- that s how tight they are. that s his boy, that s his pal, that s his buddy. but they re playing that old con game. one of them makes believe he s for you, and he s got it fixed where the other one is so tight against you, he never has to keep his promise.so it s time in 1964 to wake up. and when you see them coming up with that kind of conspiracy, let them know your eyes are open. and let them know you -- something else that s wide open too. it s got to be the ballot or the bullet. the ballot or the bullet. if you re afraid to use an expression like that, you should get on out of the country; you should get back in the cotton patch; you should get back in the alley. they get all the negro vote, and after they get it, the negro gets nothing in return. all they did when they got to washington was give afew big negroes big jobs. those big negroes didn t need big jobs, they already had jobs. that s camouflage, that s trickery, that s treachery, window-dressing. i m not trying to knock out the democrats for the republicans. we ll get to them in a minute. but it is true; you put the democrats first and the democrats put you last.look at it the way it is. what alibis do they use, since they control congress and the senate? what alibi do they use when you and i ask, well, when are you going to keep your promise? they blame the dixiecrats. what is a dixiecrat? a democrat. a dixiecrat is nothing but a democrat in disguise. the titular head of the democrats is also the head of the dixiecrats, because the dixiecrats are a part of the democratic party. the democrats have never kicked the dixiecrats out of the party. the dixiecrats bolted themselves once, but the democrats didn t put them out. imagine, these lowdown southern segregationists put the northern democrats down. but the northern democrats have never put the dixiecrats down. no, look at that thing the way it is. they have got a con game going on, a political con game, and you and i are in the middle. it s time for you and me to wake up and start looking at it like it is, and trying to understand it like it is; and then we can deal with it like it is.the dixiecrats in washington, d.c., control the key committees that run the government. the only reason the dixiecrats control these committees is because they have seniority. the only reason they have seniority is because they come from states where negroes can t vote. this is not even a government that s based on democracy. lt. is not a government that is made up of representatives of the people. half of the people in the south can t even vote. eastland is not even supposed to be in washington. half of the senators and congressmen who occupy these key positions in washington, d.c., are there illegally, are there unconstitutionally.i was in washington, d.c., a week ago thursday, when they were debating whether or not they should let the bill come onto the floor. and in the back of the room where the senate meets, there s a huge map of the united states, and on that map it shows the location of negroes throughout the country. and it shows that the southern section of the country, the states that are most heavily concentrated with negroes, are the ones that have senators and congressmen standing up filibustering and doing all other kinds of trickery to keep the negro from being able to vote. this is pitiful. but it s not pitiful for us any longer; it s actually pitiful for the white man,because soon now, as the negro awakens a little more and sees the vise that he s in, sees the bag that he s in, sees the real game that he s in, then the negro s going to develop a new tactic.these senators and congressmen actually violate the constitutional amendments that guarantee the people of that particular state or county the right to vote. and the constitution itself has within it the machinery to expel any representative from a state where the voting rights of the people are violated. you don t even need new legislation. any person in congress right now, who is there from a state or a district where the voting rights of the people are violated, that particular person should be expelled from congress. and when you expel him, you ve removed one of the obstacles in the path of any real meaningful legislation in this country. in fact, when you expel them, you don t need new legislation, because they will be replaced by black representatives from counties and districts where the black man is in the majority, not in the minority.if the black man in these southern states had his full voting rights, the key dixiecrats in washington, d. c., which means the key democrats in washington, d.c., would lose theirseats. the democratic party itself would lose its power. it would cease to be powerful as a party. when you see the amount of power that would be lost by the democratic party if it were to lose the dixiecrat wing, or branch, or element, you can see where it s against the interests of the democrats to give voting rights to negroes in states where the democrats have been in complete power and authority ever since the civil war. you just can t belong to that party without analyzing it.i say again, i m not anti-democrat, i m not anti-republican, i m not anti-anything. i m just questioning their sincerity, and some of the strategy that they ve been using on our people by promising them promises that they don t intend to keep. when you keep the democrats in power, you re keeping the dixiecrats in power. i doubt that my good brother lomax will deny that. a vote for a democrat is a vote for a dixiecrat. that s why, in 1964, it s time now for you and me to become more politically mature and realize what the ballot is for; what we re supposed to get when we cast a ballot; and that if we don t cast a ballot, it s going to end up in a situation where we re going to have to cast a bullet. it s either a ballot or a bullet.in the north, they do it a different way. they have asystem that s known as gerrymandering, whatever that means. it means when negroes become too heavily concentrated in a certain area, and begin to gain too much political power, the white man comes along and changes the district lines. you may say, why do you keep saying white man? because it s the white man who does it. i haven t ever seen any negro changing any lines. they don t let him get near the line. it s the white man who does this. and usually, it s the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. he may be friendly, but he s not your friend.so, what i m trying to impress upon you, in essence, is this: you and i in america are faced not with a segregationist conspiracy, we re faced with a government conspiracy. everyone who s filibustering is a senator -- that s the government. everyone who s finagling in washington, d.c., is a congressman -- that s the government. you don t have anybody putting blocks in your path but people who are a part of the government. the same government that you go abroad to fight for and die for is the government that is in a conspiracy to deprive you of your voting rights, deprive you of your economic opportunities, deprive you of decent housing,deprive you of decent education. you don t need to go to the employer alone, it is the government itself, the government of america, that is responsible for the oppression and exploitation and degradation of black people in this country. and you should drop it in their lap. this government has failed the negro. this so-called democracy has failed the negro. and all these white liberals have definitely failed the negro.so, where do we go from here? first, we need some friends. we need some new allies. the entire civil-rights struggle needs a new interpretation, a broader interpretation. we need to look at this civil-rights thing from another angle -- from the inside as well as from the outside. to those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is give it a new interpretation. that old interpretation excluded us. it kept us out. so, we re giving a new interpretation to the civil-rights struggle, an interpretation that will enable us to come into it, take part in it. and these handkerchief-heads who have been dillydallying and pussy footing and compromising -- we don t intend to let them pussyfoot and dillydally and compromise any longer.how can you thank a man for giving you what s alreadyyours? how then can you thank him for giving you only part of what s already yours? you haven t even made progress, if what s being given to you, you should have had already. that s not progress. and i love my brother lomax, the way he pointed out we re right back where we were in 1954. we re not even as far up as we were in 1954. we re behind where we were in 1954. there s more segregation now than there was in 1954. there s more racial animosity, more racial hatred, more racial violence today in 1964, than there was in 1954. where is the progress?and now you re facing a situation where the young negro s coming up. they don t want to hear that turn the-other-cheek stuff, no. in jacksonville, those were teenagers, they were throwing molotov cocktails. negroes have never done that before. but it shows you there s a new deal coming in. there s new thinking coming in. there s new strategy coming in. it ll be molotov cocktails this month, hand grenades next month, and something else next month. it ll be ballots, or it ll be bullets. it ll be liberty, or it will be death. the only difference about this kind of death -- it ll be reciprocal. you know what is meant by reciprocal ? that s one of brother lomax s words. i stole it from him. i don t usually deal with those big words because i don t usually deal with big people. i deal withsmall people. i find you can get a whole lot of small people and whip hell out of a whole lot of big people. they haven t got anything to lose, and they ve got every thing to gain. and they ll let you know in a minute: it takes two to tango; when i go, you go.the black nationalists, those whose philosophy is black nationalism, in bringing about this new interpretation of the entire meaning of civil rights, look upon it as meaning, as brother lomax has pointed out, equality of opportunity. well, we re justified in seeking civil rights, if it means equality of opportunity, because all we re doing there is trying to collect for our investment. our mothers and fathers invested sweat and blood. three hundred and ten years we worked in this country without a dime in return -- i mean without a dime in return. you let the white man walk around here talking about how rich this country is, but you never stop to think how it got rich so quick. it got rich because you made it rich.you take the people who are in this audience right now. they re poor. we re all poor as individuals. our weekly salary individually amounts to hardly anything. but if you take the salary of everyone in here collectively, it ll fill up a whole lot of baskets. it s a lot of wealth. if you can collect the wages of justthese people right here for a year, you ll be rich -- richer than rich. when you look at it like that, think how rich uncle sam had to become, not with this handful, but millions of black people. your and my mother and father, who didn t work an eight-hour shift, but worked from can t see in the morning until can t see at night, and worked for nothing, making the white man rich, making uncle sam rich. this is our investment. this is our contribution, our blood.not only did we give of our free labor, we gave of our blood. every time he had a call to arms, we were the first ones in uniform. we died on every battlefield the white man had. we have made a greater sacrifice than anybody who s standing up in america today. we have made a greater contribution and have collected less. civil rights, for those of us whose philosophy is black nationalism, means: give it to us now. don t wait for next year. give it to us yesterday, and that s not fast enough.i might stop right here to point out one thing. whenever you re going after something that belongs to you, anyone who s depriving you of the right to have it is a criminal. understand that. whenever you are going after something that is yours, you are within your legal rights to lay claim to it. and anyonewho puts forth any effort to deprive you of that which is yours, is breaking the law, is a criminal. and this was pointed out by the supreme court decision. it outlawed segregation.which means segregation is against the law. which means a segregationist is breaking the law. a segregationist is a criminal. you can t label him as anything other than that. and when you demonstrate against segregation, the law is on your side. the supreme court is on your side.now, who is it that opposes you in carrying out the law? the police department itself. with police dogs and clubs. whenever you demonstrate against segregation, whether it is segregated education, segregated housing, or anything else, the law is on your side, and anyone who stands in the way is not the law any longer. they are breaking the law; they are not representatives of the law. any time you demonstrate against segregation and a man has the audacity to put a police dog on you, kill that dog, kill him, i m telling you, kill that dog. i say it, if they put me in jail tomorrow, kill that dog. then you ll put a stop to it. now, if these white people in here don t want to see that kind of action, get down and tell the mayor to tell the police department to pull the dogs in. that s all you have to do. if you don t do it, someone else will.if you don t take this kind of stand, your little children will grow up and look at you and think shame. if you don t take an uncompromising stand, i don t mean go out and get violent; but at the same time you should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence. i m nonviolent with those who are nonviolent with me. but when you drop that violence on me, then you ve made me go insane, and i m not responsible for what i do. and that s the way every negro should get. any time you know you re within the law, within your legal rights, within your moral rights, in accord with justice, then die for what you believe in. but don t die alone. let your dying be reciprocal. this is what is meant by equality. what s good for the goose is good for the gander.when we begin to get in this area, we need new friends, we need new allies. we need to expand the civil-rights struggle to a higher level -- to the level of human rights. whenever you are in a civil-rights struggle, whether you know it or not, you are confining yourself to the jurisdiction of uncle sam. no one from the outside world can speak out in your behalf as long as your struggle is a civil-rights struggle. civil rights comes within the domestic affairs of this country. all of our african brothers and our asian brothers and our latin-american brothers cannotopen their mouths and interfere in the domestic affairs of the united states. and as long as it s civil rights, this comes under the jurisdiction of uncle sam.but the united nations has what s known as the charter of human rights; it has a committee that deals in human rights. you may wonder why all of the atrocities that have been committed in africa and in hungary and in asia, and in latin america are brought before the un, and the negro problem is never brought before the un. this is part of the conspiracy. this old, tricky blue eyed liberal who is supposed to be your and my friend, supposed to be in our corner, supposed to be subsidizing our struggle, and supposed to be acting in the capacity of an adviser, never tells you anything about human rights. they keep you wrapped up in civil rights. and you spend so much time barking up the civil-rights tree, you don t even know there s a human-rights tree on the same floor.when you expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights, you can then take the case of the black man in this country before the nations in the un. you can take it before the general assembly. you can take uncle sam before a world court. but the only level you can do it on is the level of human rights. civil rights keeps you under his restrictions,under his jurisdiction. civil rights keeps you in his pocket. civil rights means you re asking uncle sam to treat you right. human rights are something you were born with. human rights are your god-given rights. human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. and any time any one violates your human rights, you can take them to the world court.uncle sam s hands are dripping with blood, dripping with the blood of the black man in this country. he s the earth s number-one hypocrite. he has the audacity -- yes, he has -- imagine him posing as the leader of the free world. the free world! and you over here singing we shall overcome. expand the civil-rights struggle to the level of human rights. take it into the united nations, where our african brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our asian brothers can throw their weight on our side, where our latin-american brothers can throw their weight on our side, and where 800 million chinamen are sitting there waiting to throw their weight on our side.let the world know how bloody his hands are. let the world know the hypocrisy that s practiced over here. let it be the ballot or the bullet. let him know that it must be the ballotor the bullet.。
100个著名英语演讲
69
Newton Norman Minow
"Television and the Public Interest"
Real Audio
Short Excerpt
70
Edward Moore Kennedy
Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy
50
Spiro Theodore Agnew
"Television News Coverage"
mp3
Long Excerpt
w
51
Jesse Louis Jackson
1988 DNC Address
mp3.1 mp3.2
mp3.1 mp3.2
Short Excerpts
16
Theodore Roosevelt
"The Man with the Muck-rake"
17
Robert Francis Kennedy
Remarks on the Assassination of MLKing
44
Mary Church Terrell
"What it Means to be Colored in the...U.S."
45
William Jennings Bryan
"Against Imperialism"
Real Audio
Short Excerpt
First Inaugural Address
mp3
Entire
31
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
100个美国历史上的经典演讲
Rank Speaker Title/Text/MultiMedia 1Martin Luther King, Jr.I Have A Dream2John Fitzgerald Kennedy Inaugural Address3Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address4Franklin Delano Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation5Barbara Charline Jordan1976 DNC Keynote Address6Richard Milhous Nixon Checkers7Malcolm X The Ballot or the Bullet8Ronald Wilson Reagan Shuttle ''Challenger'' Disaster Address 9John Fitzgerald Kennedy Houston Ministerial Association Speech 10Lyndon Baines Johnson We Shall Overcome11Mario Matthew Cuomo1984 DNC Keynote Address12Jesse Louis Jackson1984 DNC Address13Barbara Charline Jordan Statement on the Articles of Impeachment点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本14(General) Douglas MacArthur Farewell Address to Congress15Martin Luther King, Jr.I've Been to the Mountaintop16Theodore Roosevelt The Man with the Muck-rake17Robert Francis Kennedy Remarks on the Assassination of MLK 18Dwight David Eisenhower Farewell Address19Thomas Woodrow Wilson War Message20(General) Douglas MacArthur Duty, Honor, Country21Richard Milhous Nixon The Great Silent Majority22John Fitzgerald Kennedy Ich bin ein Berliner23Clarence Seward Darrow Mercy for Leopold and Loeb24Russell H. Conwell Acres of Diamonds25Ronald Wilson Reagan A Time for Choosing26Huey Pierce Long Every Man a King27Anna Howard Shaw The Fundamental Principle of a Republic点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本28Franklin Delano Roosevelt The Arsenal of Democracy29Ronald Wilson Reagan The Evil Empire30Ronald Wilson Reagan First Inaugural Address31Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Fireside Chat32Harry S. Truman The Truman Doctrine33William Cuthbert Faulkner Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech34Eugene Victor Debs1918 Statement to the Court35Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton Women's Rights are Human Rights36Dwight David Eisenhower Atoms for Peace37John Fitzgerald Kennedy American University Commencement Address 38Dorothy Ann Willis Richards1988 DNC Keynote Address39Richard Milhous Nixon Resignation Speech40Thomas Woodrow Wilson The Fourteen Points41Margaret Chase Smith Declaration of Conscience点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本42Franklin Delano Roosevelt The Four Freedoms43Martin Luther King, Jr. A Time to Break Silence44Mary Church Terrell What it Means to be Colored in the...U.S.45William Jennings Bryan Against Imperialism46Margaret Higgins Sanger The Morality of Birth Control47Barbara Pierce Bush1990 Wellesley College Commencement Address 48John Fitzgerald Kennedy Civil Rights Address49John Fitzgerald Kennedy Cuban Missile Crisis Address50Spiro Theodore Agnew Television News Coverage51Jesse Louis Jackson1988 DNC Address52Mary Fisher A Whisper of AIDS53Lyndon Baines Johnson The Great Society54George Catlett Marshall The Marshall Plan55Edward Moore Kennedy Truth and Tolerance in America点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本56Adlai Ewing Stevenson Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address 57Anna Eleanor Roosevelt The Struggle for Human Rights58Geraldine Anne Ferraro Vice-Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech 59Robert Marion La Follette Free Speech in Wartime60Ronald Wilson Reagan40th Anniversary of D-Day Address61Mario Matthew Cuomo Religious Belief and Public Morality62Edward Moore Kennedy Chappaquiddick63John Llewellyn Lewis The Rights of Labor64Barry Morris Goldwater Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address 65Stokely Carmichael Black Power66Hubert Horatio Humphrey1948 DNC Address67Emma Goldman Address to the Jury68Carrie Chapman Catt The Crisis69Newton Norman Minow Television and the Public Interest点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本70Edward Moore Kennedy Eulogy for Robert Francis Kennedy71Anita Faye Hill Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee 72Thomas Woodrow Wilson League of Nations Final Address73Henry Louis (Lou) Gehrig Farewell to Baseball Address74Richard Milhous Nixon Cambodian Incursion Address75Carrie Chapman Catt Address to the U.S. Congress76Edward Moore Kennedy1980 DNC Address77Lyndon Baines Johnson On Vietnam and Not Seeking Re-Election78Franklin Delano Roosevelt Commonwealth Club Address79Thomas Woodrow Wilson First Inaugural Address80Mario Savio Sproul Hall Sit-in Speech/An End to History 81Elizabeth Glaser1992 DNC Address82Eugene Victor Debs The Issue83Margaret Higgins Sanger Children's Era点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本84Ursula Kroeber Le Guin A Left-Handed Commencement Address85Crystal Eastman Now We Can Begin86Huey Pierce Long Share Our Wealth87Gerald Rudolph Ford Address on Taking the Oath of Office88Cesar Estrada Chavez Speech on Ending His 25 Day Fast89Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Statement at the Smith Act Trial90Jimmy Earl Carter A Crisis of Confidence91Malcolm X Message to the Grassroots92William Jefferson Clinton Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Address93Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm For the Equal Rights Amendment94Ronald Wilson Reagan Brandenburg Gate Address95Eliezer (Elie) Wiesel The Perils of Indifference96Gerald Rudolph Ford National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon 97Thomas Woodrow Wilson For the League of Nations点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本98Lyndon Baines Johnson Let Us Continue99Joseph N. Welch Have You No Sense of Decency100Anna Eleanor Roosevelt Adopting the Declaration of Human Rights点击演讲标题，即可查看对应文本。
美国20世纪100个经典英文演讲(精选多篇)
美国20世纪100个经典英文演讲MP3(精选多篇) “i have a dream”MP3 stream2inaugural address MP3 stream3first inaugural addressMP3 stream4pearl harbor address to the nationMP3 stream51976 dnc keynote address“checkers”MP3 stream7malcolm x”the ballot or the bullet”shuttle ‘‘challenger’’ disaster addressMP3 stream9houston ministerial association speech MP3 stream10lyndon baines johnson”e”MP3 stream11mario matheo1984 dnc keynote address MP3 stream12jesse louis jackson1984 dnc addressstatement on the articles of impeachmentMP3 stream14fare15”i’ve been to the mountaintop”MP3 stream16”the man uck-rake”17remarks on the assassination of mlkingMP3 stream18d19essage20”duty, honor, country”MP3 stream21”the great silent majority”MP3 stream22”ich bin ein berliner”MP3 stream23”mercy for leopold and loeb”24”acres of diamonds”MP3 stream25”a time for choosing”MP3 streaman a king”27anna hoental principle of a republic”28”the arsenal of democracy”MP3 stream29”the evil empire”MP3 stream30first inaugural addressMP3 stream31first fireside chatMP3 stream32harry s. truman”the truman doctrine”MP3 stream33 cuthbert faulknernobel prize acceptance speechMP3 stream341918 statement to the court35”en’s rights are human rights”36”atoms for peace”MP3 stream37american university commencement address1988 dnc keynote addressresignation speech“the fourteen points”41”declaration of conscience”42”the four freedoms”MP343”a time to break silence”MP344”eans to be colored in the...u.s.”45”against imperialism”“the morality of birth control”471990 mencement addresscivil rights addresscuban missile crisis address“television ne54”the marshall plan”“truth and tolerance in america”MP356presidential nomination acceptance address57”the struggle for human rights”58vice-presidential nomination acceptance speechMP359”free speech in e”6040th anniversary of d-day address“religious belief and public morality”62”chappaquiddick”“the rights of labor”64presidential nomination acceptance addressMP365”black po70eulogy for robert francis kennedyMP3 stream71anita faye hillstatement to the senate judiciary committeeMP372as bodian incursion addressMP375address to the u.s. congresss and not seeking re-electionMP378commonargaret higgins sanger”the children’sera”84ursula le guin”a left-handed commencement address”85”noent at the smith act trial90”a crisis of confidence”MP391”message to the grassroots”MP392oklahoma bombing memorial addressM P393shirley anita st. hill chisholm”for the equal rights amendment”94ronald . nixon“for the league of nations”98”let us continue”MP399”have you no sense of decency”MP3100adopting the declaration of human rightsMP3第三篇：美国20世纪经典英语演讲100篇(MP3+文本)???? ·美国经典英文演讲100篇:faree·美国经典英文演讲100篇:shuttle’’challenger’’disaster addre。
英语演讲稿-美国20世纪百大英语演讲07：The Ballot or the Bullet by 马尔科姆·艾克斯
英语演讲稿美国20世纪百大英语演讲07：The Ballot or the Bullet by 马尔科姆·艾克斯The Ballot or the Bulletby Malcolm XMr. Moderator, Reverend Cleage, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, and friends -- and I see some enemies. In fact, I think we’d be fooling ourselves if we had an audience this large and didn’t realize that there were some enemies present.This afternoon we want to talk about “The ballot or the bullet.”The ballot or the bullet explains itself. But before we get into it, since this is the year of the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify some things that refer to me personally -- concerning my own personal position.I’m still a Muslim. That is, my religion is still Islam. My religion is still Islam. I still credit Mr. Mohammed for what I know and what I am. He’s the one who opened my eyes. At present, I’m the Minister of the newly founded MuslimMosque, Incorporated, which has its offices in the Teresa Hotel, right in the heart of Harlem -- that’s the black belt in New York city. And when we realize that Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian minister, he’s the -- he heads Abyssinian Baptist Church, but at the same time, he’s more famous for his political struggling.And Dr. King is a Christian Minister, in Atlanta -- from Atlanta Georgia -- or in Atlanta, Georgia, but he’s become more famous for being involved in the civil rights struggle. There’s another in New York, Reverend Galamison -- I don’t know if you’ve heard of him out here -- he’s a Christian Minister from Brooklyn, but has become famous for his fight against a segregated school system in Brooklyn. Reverend Cleage, right here, is a Christian Minister, here in Detroit. He’s the head of the “Freedom Now Party.” All of these are Christian Ministers -- All of these are Christian Ministers, but they don’t come to us as Christian Ministers. They come to us as fighters in some other category.I’m a Muslim minister. The same as they are Christian Ministers, I’m a Muslim minister. And I don’t believe in fighting today in any one front, but on all fronts. In fact, I’m a “Black Nationalist Freedom Fighter.” Islam is myreligion, but I believe my religion is my personal business. It governs my personal life, my personal morals. And my religious philosophy is personal between me and the God in whom I believe; just as the religious philosophy of these others is between them and the God in whom they believe.And this is best this way. Were we to come out here discussing religion, we’d have too many differences from the outstart and we could never get together. So today, though Islam is my religious philosophy, my political, economic, and social philosophy is Black Nationalism. You and I -- As I say, if we bring up religion we’ll have differences; we’ll have arguments; and we’ll never be able to get together. But if we keep our religion at home, keep our religion in the closet, keep our religion between ourselves and our God, but when we come out here, we have a fight that’s common to all of us against a [sic] enemy who is common to all of us.The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that the black man should control the politics and the politicians in his own community. The -- The time -- The time when white people can come in our community and get us to vote for them so that they can be our political leaders and tell us what to do and what not to do is long gone. By the same token,the time when that same white man, knowing that your eyes are too far open, can send another negro into the community and get you and me to support him so he can use him to lead us astray -- those days are long gone too.The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that if you and I are going to live in a Black community -- and that’s where we’re going to live, ‘cause as soon as you move into one of their -- soon as you move out of the Black community into their community, it’s mixed for a period of time, but they’re gone and you’re right there all by yourself again. We must -- We must understand the politics of our community and we must know what politics is supposed to produce. We must know what part politics play in our lives. And until we become politically mature we will always be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supporting someone politically who doesn’t have the good of our community at heart. So the political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we will have to carry on a program, a political program, of re-education to open our people’s eyes, make us become more politically conscious, politically mature, and then we will -- whenever we get ready to cast our ballot, that ballot will be -- will be cast for a man of the community who has the goodof the community of heart.The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we should own and operate and control the economy of our community. You would never -- You can’t open up a black store in a white community. White men won’t even patronize you. And he’s not wrong. He’s got sense enough to look out for himself. You the one who don’t have sense enough to look out for yourself. The white man -- The white man is too intelligent to let someone else come and gain control of the economy of his community. But you will let anybody come in and take control of the economy of your community, control the housing, control the education, control the jobs, control the businesses, under the pretext that you want to integrate. No, you’re ought of your mind.The political -- The economic philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we have to become involved in a program of reeducation to educate our people into the importance of knowing that when you spend your dollar out of the community in which you live, the community in which you spend your money becomes richer and richer; the community out which you take your money becomes poorer and poorer. And because these negroes, who have been mislead, misguided, are breaking their necks to take their money and spend it with TheMan, The Man is becoming richer and richer, and you’re becoming poorer and poorer. And then what happens? The community in which you live becomes a slum. It becomes a ghetto. The conditions become run down. And then you have the audacity to -- to complain about poor housing in a run-down community. Why you run it down yourself when you take your dollar out.And you and I are in a double-track, because not only do we lose by taking our money someplace else and spending it, when we try and spend it in our own community we’re trapped because we haven’t had sense enough to set up stores and control the businesses of our community. The man who’s controlling the stores in our community is a man who doesn’t look like we do. He’s a man who doesn’t even live in the community. So you and I, even when we try and spend our money in the block where we live or the area where we live, we’re spending it with a man who, when the sun goes down, takes that basket full of money in another part of the town.So we’re trapped, trapped, double-trapped, triple-trapped. Anywhere we go we find that we’re trapped. And every kind of solution that someone comes up with is just another trap. But the political and economic philosophy of Black Nationalism -- the economic philosophy of BlackNationalism shows our people the importance of setting up these little stores and developing them and expanding them into larger operations. Woolworth didn’t start out big like they are today. They started out with a dime store and expanded and expanded and then expanded until today, they’re are all over the country and all over the world, and they get to some of everybody’s money. Now this is what you and I -- General Motors [is] the same way. They didn’t start out like it is. It started out just a little rat race type operation. And it expanded and it expanded until today it’s where it is right now. And you and I have to make a start and the best place to start is right in the community where we live.So our people not only have to be reeducated to the importance of supporting black business, but the black man himself has to be made aware of the importance of going into business. And once you and I go into business, we own and operate at least the businesses in our community. What we will be doing is developing a situation wherein we will actually be able to create employment for the people in the community. And once you can create some -- some employment in the community where you live it will eliminate the necessity of you and me having to act ignorantly and disgracefully, boycotting andpicketing some practice some place else trying to beg him for a job.Anytime you have to rely upon your enemy for a job, you’re in bad shape. When you have -- He is your enemy. Let me tell you, you wouldn’t be in this country if some enemy hadn’t kidnapped you and brought you here. On the other hand, some of you think you came here on the Mayflower.So as you can see brothers and sisters, today -- this afternoon, it’s not our intention to discuss religion. We’re going to forget religion. If we bring up religion, we’ll be in an argument, and the best way to keep away from arguments and differences, as I said earlier, put your religion at home -- in the closet. Keep it between you and your God. Because if it hasn’t done anything more for you than it has, you need to forget it anyway.Whether you are -- Whether you are a Christian, or a Muslim, or a Nationalist, we all have the same problem. They don’t hang you because you’re a Baptist; they hang you ‘cause you’re black. They don’t attack me because I’m a Muslim; they attack me ‘cause I’m black. They attack all of us for the same reason; all of us catch hell from the same enemy. We’re all in the same bag, in the same boat. We suffer politicaloppression, economic exploitation, and social degradation -- all of them from the same enemy. The government has failed us; you can’t deny that. Anytime you live in the twentieth century, 1964, and you walkin’around here singing “We Shall Overcome,”the government has failed us.This is part of what’s wrong with you -- you do too much singing. Today it’s time to stop singing and start swinging. You can’t sing up on freedom, but you can swing up on some freedom. Cassius Clay can sing, but singing didn’t help him to become the heavyweight champion of the world; swinging helped him become the heavyweight champion. This government has failed us; the government itself has failed us, and the white liberals who have been posing as our friends have failed us.And once we see that all these other sources to which we’ve turned have failed, we stop turning to them and turn to ourselves. We need a self help program, a do-it -- a-do-it-yourself philosophy, a do-it-right-now philosophy, a it’s-already-too-late philosophy. This is what you and I need to get with, and the only time -- the only way we’re going to solve our problem is with a self-help program. Before we can get a self-help program started we have to have a self-helpphilosophy.Black Nationalism is a self-help philosophy. What’s so good about it? You can stay right in the church where you are and still take Black Nationalism as your philosophy. You can stay in any kind of civic organization that you belong to and still take black nationalism as your philosophy. You can be an atheist and still take black nationalism as your philosophy. This is a philosophy that eliminates the necessity for division and argument. ‘Cause if you’re black you should be thinking black, and if you are black and you not thinking black at this late date, well I’m sorry for you.Once you change your philosophy, you change your thought pattern. Once you change your thought pattern, you change your -- your attitude. Once you change your attitude, it changes your behavior pattern and then you go on into some action. As long as you gotta sit-down philosophy, you’ll have a sit-down thought pattern, and as long as you think that old sit-down thought you’ll be in some kind of sit-down action. They’ll have you sitting in everywhere. It’s not so good to refer to what you’re going to do as a “sit-in.” That right there castrates you. Right there it brings you down. What -- What goes with it? What -- Think of the image of a someone sitting.An old woman can sit. An old man can sit. A chump can sit. A coward can sit. Anything can sit. Well you and I been sitting long enough, and it’s time today for us to start doing some standing, and some fighting to back that up.When we look like -- at other parts of this earth upon which we live, we find that black, brown, red, and yellow people in Africa and Asia are getting their independence. They’re not getting it by singing “We Shall Overcome.” No, they’re getting it through nationalism. It is nationalism that brought about the independence of the people in Asia. Every nation in Asia gained its independence through the philosophy of nationalism. Every nation on the African continent that has gotten its independence brought it about through the philosophy of nationalism. And it will take black nationalism -- that to bring about the freedom of 22 million Afro-Americans here in this country where we have suffered colonialism for the past 400 years.America is just as much a colonial power as England ever was. America is just as much a colonial power as France ever was. In fact, America is more so a colonial power than they because she’s a hypocritical colonial power behind it.What is 20th -- What do you call second class citizenship?Why, that’s colonization. Second class citizenship is nothing but 20th century slavery. How you gonna tell me you’re a second class citizen? They don’t have second class citizenship in any other government on this earth. They just have slaves and people who are free. Well this country is a hypocrite. They try and make you think they set you free by calling you a second class citizen. No, you’re nothing but a 20th century slave.Just as it took nationalism to move -- to remove colonialism from Asia and Africa, it’ll take black nationalism today to remove colonialism from the backs and the minds of 22 million Afro-Americans here in this country.And 1964 looks like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet.Why does it look like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet? Because Negroes have listened to the trickery, and the lies, and the false promises of the white man now for too long. And they’re fed up. They’ve become disenchanted. They’ve become disillusioned. They’ve become dissatisfied, and all of this has built up frustrations in the black community that makes the black community throughout America today more explosive than all of the atomic bombs the Russians can ever invent. Whenever you got a racial powder keg sitting in yourlap, you’re in more trouble than if you had an atomic powder keg sitting in your lap. When a racial powder keg goes off, it doesn’t care who it knocks out the way. Understand this, it’s dangerous.And in 1964 this seems to be the year, because what can the white man use now to fool us after he put down that march on Washington? And you see all through that now. He tricked you, had you marching down to Washington. Yes, had you marching back and forth between the feet of a dead man named Lincoln and another dead man named George Washington singing “We Shall Overcome.” He made a chump out of you. He made a fool out of you. He made you think you were going somewhere and you end up going nowhere but between Lincoln and Washington.So today, our people are disillusioned. They’ve become disenchanted. They’ve become dissatisfied, and in their frustrations they want action.And in 1964 you’ll see this young black man, this new generation asking for the ballot or the bullet. That old Uncle Tom action is outdated. The young generation don’t want to hear anything about the odds are against us. What do we care about odds?When this country here was first being founded there were13 colonies. The -- The whites were colonized. They were fed up with this taxation without representation, so some of them stood up and said “liberty or death.” Though I went to a white school over here in Mason, Michigan, the white man made the mistake of letting me read his history books. He made the mistake of teaching me that Patrick Henry was a patriot, and George Washington, wasn’t nothing non-violent about old Pat or George Washington.Liberty or death was what brought about the freedom of whites in this country from the English. They didn’t care about the odds. Why they faced the wrath of the entire British Empire. And in those days they used to say that the British Empire was so vast and so powerful when the sun -- the sun would never set on it. This is how big it was, yet these 13 little scrawny states, tired of taxation without representation, tired of being exploited and oppressed and degraded, told that big British Empire “liberty or death.”And here you have 22 million Afro-American black people today catching more hell than Patrick Henry ever saw. And I’m -- I’m here to tell you in case you don’t know it -- that you got a new -- you got a new generation of black people in this country who don’t care anything whatsoever about odds.They don’t want to hear you old Uncle Tom handkerchief heads talking about the odds. No. This is a new generation. If they’re gonna draft these young black men and send them over to Korea or South Vietnam to face 800 million Chinese -- if you’re not afraid of those odds, you shouldn’t be afraid of these odds.Why is -- Why does this loom to be such an explosive political year? Because this is the year of politics. This is the year when all of the white politicians are going to come into the Negro community. You never see them until election time. You can’t find them until election time. They’re going to come in with false promises, and as they make these false promises they’re gonna feed our frustrations and this will only serve to make matters worse.I’m no politician. I’m not even a student of politics. I’m not a Republican, nor a Democrat, nor an American, and got sense enough to know it. I’m one of the 22 million black victims of the Democrats, one of the 22 million black victims of the Republicans, and one of the 22 million black victims of Americanism. And when I speak, I don’t speak as a Democrat, or a Republican, *nor an American.* I speak as a victim of America’s so-called democracy. You and I have never seen democracy; all we’ve seen is hypocrisy. When we open our eyestoday and look around America, we see America not through the eyes of someone who have -- who has enjoyed the fruits of Americanism, we see America through the eyes of someone who has been the victim of Americanism. We don’t see any American dream; we’ve experienced only the American nightmare. We haven’t benefited from America’s democracy; we’ve only suffered from America’s hypocrisy. And the generation that’s coming up now can see it and are not afraid to say it.If you -- If you go to jail, so what? If you black, you were born in jail. If you black, you were born in jail, in the North as well as the South. Stop talking about the South. Long as you south of the -- Long as you south of the Canadian border, you’re south. Don’t call Governor Wallace a Dixie governor; Romney is a Dixie governor.Twenty-two million black victims of Americanism are waking up and they’re gaining a new political consciousness, becoming politically mature. And as they become -- develop this political maturity, they’re able to see the recent trends in these political elections. They see that the whites are so evenly divided that every time they vote the race is so close they have to go back and count the votes all over again. And that...which means that any block, any minority that has ablock of votes that stick together is in a strategic position. Either way you go, that’s who gets it. You’re -- You’re in a position to determine who will go to the White House and who will stay in the dog house. You’re the one who has that power. You can keep Johnson in Washington D.C., or you can send him back to his Texas cotton patch. You’re the one who sent Kennedy to Washington. You’re the one who put the present Democratic Administration in Washington D.C. The whites were evenly divided. It was the fact that you threw 80 percent of your votes behind the Democrats that put the Democrats in the White House.When you see this, you can see that the Negro vote is the key factor. And despite the fact that you are in a position to -- to be the determining factor, what do you get out of it? The Democrats have been in Washington D.C. only because of the Negro vote. They’ve been down there four years, and they’re -- all other legislation they wanted to bring up they brought it up and gotten it out of the way, and now they bring up you. And now, they bring up you. You put them first, and they put you last, ‘cause you’re a chump, a political chump.In Washington D.C., in the House of Representatives, there are 257 who are Democrats; only 177 are Republican. In the Senate there are 67 Democrats; only 33 are Republicans.The Party that you backed controls two-thirds of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and still they can’t keep their promise to you, ‘cause you’re a chump. Anytime you throw your weight behind a political party that controls two-thirds of the government, and that Party can’t keep the promise that it made to you during election time, and you’re dumb enough to walk around continuing to identify yourself with that Party, you’re not only a chump, but you’re a traitor to your race.And what kind of alibi do they come up with? They try and pass the buck to the Dixiecrats. Now back during the days when you were blind, deaf, and dumb, ignorant, politically immature, naturally you went along with that. But today as your eyes come open, and you develop political maturity, you’re able to see and think for yourself, and you can see that a Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat in disguise.You look at the structure of the government that controls this country; it’s controlled by 16 senatorial committees and 20 congressional committees. Of the 16 senatorial committees that run the government, 10 of them are in the hands of Southern segregationists. Of the 20 congressional committees that run the government, 12 of them in the -- are in the hands of Southern segregationists. And they’re going to tell you and me thatthe South lost the war.You, today, have -- are in the hands of a government of segregationists, racists, white supremacists who belong to the Democratic party, but disguise themselves as Dixiecrats. A Dixiecrat is nothing but a Democrat. Whoever runs the Democrats is also the father of the Dixiecrats, and the father of all of them is sitting in the White House. I say and I say it again: You got a President who’s nothing but a Southern segregationist from the state of Texas. They’ll lynch you in Texas as quick as they’ll lynch you in Mississippi. Only in -- in Texas they lynch you with a Texas accent; in Mississippi they lynch you with a Mississippi accent.And the first thing the cracker does when he comes in power, he takes all the Negro leaders and invites them for coffee to show that he’s alright. And those Uncle Toms can’t pass up the coffee. They come away from the coffee table telling you and me that this man is alright ‘cause he’s from the South, and since he’s from the South he can deal with the South. Look at the logic that they’re using. What about Eastland? He’s from the South. Make him the President. He can -- If Johnson is a good man ‘cause he’s from Texas, and being from Texas will enable him to deal with the South, Eastlandcan deal with the South better than Johnson. Oh, I say you been mislead. You been had. You been took.I was in Washington a couple weeks ago while the Senators were filibustering, and I noticed in the back of the Senate a huge map, and on this map it showed the distribution of Negroes in America, and surprisingly the same Senators that were involved in the filibuster were from the states where there were the most Negroes. Why were they filibustering the civil rights legislation? Because the civil rights legislation is supposed to guarantee voting rights to Negroes in those states, and those senators from those states know that if the Negroes in those states can vote, those senators are down the drain. The Representatives of those states go down the drain. And in the Constitution of this country it has a stipulation wherein whenever the rights, the voting rights, of people in a certain district are violated, then the Representative who -- who’s from that particular district, according to the Constitution, is supposed to be expelled from the Congress. Now, if this particular aspect of the Constitution was enforced, why you wouldn’t have a cracker in Washington D.C. But what would happen when you expel the Dixiecrat, you’re expelling the Democrat. When you destroy the power of the Dixiecrat, you’re destroying the power -- power of the Democratic Party. So how in the world can the Democratic Party in the South actually side with you in sincerity, when all of its power is based in the -- in the South?These Northern Democrats are in cahoots with the Southern Democrats. They’re playing a giant con game, a political con game. You know how it goes. One of them -- One of them comes to you and makes believe he’s for you, and he’s in cahoots with the other one that’s not for you. Why? Because neither one of them is for you, but they got to make you go with one of them or the other. So this is a con game. And this is what they’ve been doing with you and me all these years.First thing Johnson got off the plane when he become President, he asked “Where’s Dicky?” You know who “Dicky”is? Dicky is old Southern cracker Richard -- Richard Russell. Look here, yes. Lyndon B. Johnson’s best friend is the one who is the head, who’s heading the forces that are filibustering civil rights legislation. You tell me how in the hell is he going to be Johnson’s best friend? How can Johnson be his friend and your friend too? No, that man is too tricky. Especially if his friend is still old Dicky.Whenever the Negroes keep the Democrats in power, they’re keeping the Dixiecrats in power. Is this true? A vote for a Democrat is nothing but a vote for a Dixiecrat. I know you don’t like me saying that, but I...I’m not the kind of person who come here to say what you like. I’m going to tell you the truth whether you like it or not.Up here, in the North you have the same thing. The Democratic Party don’t -- don’t do it -- they don’t do it that way. They got a thing that they call gerrymandering. They -- They maneuver you out of power. Even though you can vote, they fix it so you’re voting for nobody; they got you going and coming. In the South, they’re outright political wolves. In the North, they’re political foxes. A fox and a wolf are both canine, both belong to the dog family. Now you take your choice. You going to choose a Northern dog or a Southern dog? Because either dog you choose I guarantee you you’ll still be in the dog house.This is why I say it’s the ballot or the bullet. It’s liberty or it’s death. It’s freedom for everybody or freedom for nobody. America today finds herself in a unique situation. Historically, revolutions are bloody. Oh, yes, they are. They haven’t never had a blood-less revolution, or a non-violent revolution. That don’t happen even in Hollywood. You don’t have a revolution in which you love your enemy, and you don’t have a revolution in which you are begging the system of exploitation to integrate you into it. Revolutions overturn systems. Revolutions destroy systems.A revolution is bloody, but America is in a unique position. She’s the only country in history in a position actually to become involved in a blood-less revolution. The -- The Russian revolution was bloody; Chinese revolution was bloody; French revolution was bloody; Cuban revolution was bloody; and there was nothing more bloody then the American Revolution. But today this country can become involved in a revolution that won’t take bloodshed. All she’s got to do is give the black man in this country everything that’s due him -- everything.I hope that the white man can see this, ‘cause if he don’t see it you’re finished. If you don’t see it you’re going to be coming -- you’re going to become involved in some action in which you don’t have a chance. And we don’t care anything about your atomic bomb; it’s -- it’s useless because other countries have atomic bombs. When two or three different countries have atomic bombs, nobody can use them, so it means that the white man today is without a weapon. If。
英语演讲稿-Message To The Grass Roots 马尔科姆 X
英语演讲稿Message To The Grass Roots 马尔科姆 X美国名人100大演讲Message To The Grass Roots...And during the few moments that we have left, we want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me -- us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand. We all agree tonight, all of the speakers have agreed, that America has a very serious problem. Not only does America have a very serious problem, but our people have a very serious problem. America’s problem is us. We’re her problem. The only reason she has a problem is she doesn’t want us here. And every time you look at yourself, be you black, brown, red, or yellow -- a so-called Negro -- you represent a person who poses such a serious problem for America because you’re not wanted. Once you face this as a fact, then you can start plotting a course that will make you appear intelligent, instead of unintelligent.What you and I need to do is learn to forget ourdifferences. When we come together, we don’t come together as Baptists or Methodists. You don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a Baptist, and you don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a Methodist. You don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a Methodist or Baptist. You don’t catch hell because you’re a Democrat or a Republican. You don’t catch hell because you’re a Mason or an Elk. And you sure don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re an American; ‘cause if you was an American, you wouldn’t catch no hell. You catch hell ‘cause you’re a black man. You catch hell, all of us catch hell, for the same reason.So we are all black people, so-called Negroes, second-class citizens, ex-slaves. You are nothing but a [sic] ex-slave. You don’t like to be told that. But what else are you? You are ex-slaves. You didn’t come here on the “Mayflower.”You came here on a slave ship -- in chains, like a horse, or a cow, or a chicken. And you were brought here by the people who came here on the “Mayflower.”You were brought here by the so-called Pilgrims, or Founding Fathers. They were the ones who brought you here.We have a common enemy. We have this in common: We have a common oppressor, a common exploiter, and a common discriminator. But once we all realize that we have this commonenemy, then we unite on the basis of what we have in common. And what we have foremost in common is that enemy -- the white man. He’s an enemy to all of us. I know some of you all think that some of them aren’t enemies. Time will tell.In Bandung back in, I think, 1954, was the first unity meeting in centuries of black people. And once you study what happened at the Bandung conference, and the results of the Bandung conference, it actually serves as a model for the same procedure you and I can use to get our problems solved. At Bandung all the nations came together. Their were dark nations from Africa and Asia. Some of them were Buddhists. Some of them were Muslim. Some of them were Christians. Some of them were Confucianists; some were atheists. Despite their religious differences, they came together. Some were communists; some were socialists; some were capitalists. Despite their economic and political differences, they came together. All of them were black, brown, red, or yellow.The number-one thing that was not allowed to attend the Bandung conference was the white man. He couldn’t come. Once they excluded the white man, they found that they could get together. Once they kept him out, everybody else fell right in and fell in line. This is the thing that you and I have tounderstand. And these people who came together didn’t have nuclear weapons; they didn’t have jet planes; they didn’t have all of the heavy armaments that the white man has. But they had unity.They were able to submerge their little petty differences and agree on one thing: That though one African came from Kenya and was being colonized by the Englishman, and another African came from the Congo and was being colonized by the Belgian, and another African came from Guinea and was being colonized by the French, and another came from Angola and was being colonized by the Portuguese. When they came to the Bandung conference, they looked at the Portuguese, and at the Frenchman, and at the Englishman, and at the other -- Dutchman -- and learned or realized that the one thing that all of them had in common: they were all from Europe, they were all Europeans, blond, blue-eyed and white-skinned. They began to recognize who their enemy was. The same man that was colonizing our people in Kenya was colonizing our people in the Congo. The same one in the Congo was colonizing our people in South Africa, and in Southern Rhodesia, and in Burma, and in India, and in Afghanistan, and in Pakistan. They realized all over the world where the dark man was being oppressed, hewas being oppressed by the white man; where the dark man was being exploited, he was being exploited by the white man. So they got together under this basis -- that they had a common enemy.And when you and I here in Detroit and in Michigan and in America who have been awakened today look around us, we too realize here in America we all have a common enemy, whether he’s in Georgia or Michigan, whether he’s in California or New York. He’s the same man: blue eyes and blond hair and pale skin -- same man. So what we have to do is what they did. They agreed to stop quarreling among themselves. Any little spat that they had, they’d settle it among themselves, go into a huddle -- don’t let the enemy know that you got [sic] a disagreement.Instead of us airing our differences in public, we have to realize we’re all the same family. And when you have a family squabble, you don’t get out on the sidewalk. If you do, everybody calls you uncouth, unrefined, uncivilized, savage. If you don’t make it at home, you settle it at home; you get in the closet -- argue it out behind closed doors. And then when you come out on the street, you pose a common front,a united front. And this is what we need to do in the community, and in the city, and in the state. We need to stop airing our differences in front of the white man. Put the white man out of our meetings, number one, and then sit down and talk shop with each other. [That’s] all you gotta do.I would like to make a few comments concerning the difference between the black revolution and the Negro revolution. There’s a difference. Are they both the same? And if they’re not, what is the difference? What is the difference between a black revolution and a Negro revolution? First, what is a revolution? Sometimes I’m inclined to believe that many of our people are using this word “revolution”loosely, without taking careful consideration [of] what this word actually means, and what its historic characteristics are. When you study the historic nature of revolutions, the motive of a revolution, the objective of a revolution, and the result of a revolution, and the methods used in a revolution, you may change words. You may devise another program. You may change your goal and you may change your mind.Look at the American Revolution in 1776. That revolution was for what? For land. Why did they want land? Independence. How was it carried out? Bloodshed. Number one, it was basedon land, the basis of independence. And the only way they could get it was bloodshed. The French Revolution -- what was it based on? The land-less against the landlord. What was it for? Land. How did they get it? Bloodshed. Was no love lost; was no compromise; was no negotiation. I’m telling you, you don’t know what a revolution is. ‘Cause when you find out what it is, you’ll get back in the alley; you’ll get out of the way. The Russian Revolution -- what was it based on? Land. The land-less against the landlord. How did they bring it about? Bloodshed. You haven’t got a revolution that doesn’t involve bloodshed. And you’re afraid to bleed. I said, you’re afraid to bleed.[As] long as the white man sent you to Korea, you bled. He sent you to Germany, you bled. He sent you to the South Pacific to fight the Japanese, you bled. You bleed for white people. But when it comes time to seeing your own churches being bombed and little black girls be murdered, you haven’t got no blood. You bleed when the white man says bleed; you bite when the white man says bite; and you bark when the white man says bark. I hate to say this about us, but it’s true. How are you going to be nonviolent in Mississippi, as violent as you were in Korea? How can you justify being nonviolent inMississippi and Alabama, when your churches are being bombed, and your little girls are being murdered, and at the same time you’re going to violent with Hitler, and Tojo, and somebody else that you don’t even know?If violence is wrong in America, violence is wrong abroad. If it’s wrong to be violent defending black women and black children and black babies and black men, then it’s wrong for America to draft us and make us violent abroad in defense of her. And if it is right for America to draft us, and teach us how to be violent in defense of her, then it is right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country.The Chinese Revolution -- they wanted land. They threw the British out, along with the Uncle Tom Chinese. Yeah, they did. They set a good example. When I was in prison, I read an article -- don’t be shocked when I say I was in prison. You’re still in prison. That’s what America means: prison. When I was in prison, I read an article in Life magazine showing a little Chinese girl, nine years old; her father was on his hands and knees and she was pulling the trigger ‘cause he was an Uncle Tom Chinaman, When they had the revolution over there, they took a whole generation of Uncle Toms -- just wiped themout. And within ten years that little girl become [sic] a full-grown woman. No more Toms in China. And today it’s one of the toughest, roughest, most feared countries on this earth -- by the white man. ‘Cause there are no Uncle Toms over there.Of all our studies, history is best qualified to reward our research. And when you see that you’ve got problems, all you have to do is examine the historic method used all over the world by others who have problems similar to yours. And once you see how they got theirs straight, then you know how you can get yours straight. There’s been a revolution, a black revolution, going on in Africa. In Kenya, the Mau Mau were revolutionaries; they were the ones who made the word “Uhuru”[Kenyan word for “freedom”]. They were the ones who brought it to the fore. The Mau Mau, they were revolutionaries. They believed in scorched earth. They knocked everything aside that got in their way, and their revolution also was based on land, a desire for land. In Algeria, the northern part of Africa, a revolution took place. The Algerians were revolutionists; they wanted land. France offered to let them be integrated into France. They told France: to hell with France. They wanted some land, not some France. And they engaged in a bloody battle.So I cite these various revolutions, brothers andsisters, to show you -- you don’t have a peaceful revolution. You don’t have a turn-the-other-cheek revolution. There’s no such thing as a nonviolent revolution. [The] only kind of revolution that’s nonviolent is the Negro revolution. The only revolution based on loving your enemy is the Negro revolution. The only revolution in which the goal is a desegregated lunch counter, a desegregated theater, a desegregated park, and a desegregated public toilet; you can sit down next to white folks on the toilet. That’s no revolution. Revolution is based on land. Land is the basis of all independence. Land is the basis of freedom, justice, and equality.The white man knows what a revolution is. He knows that the black revolution is world-wide in scope and in nature. The black revolution is sweeping Asia, sweeping Africa, is rearing its head in Latin America. The Cuban Revolution -- that’s a revolution. They overturned the system. Revolution is in Asia. Revolution is in Africa. And the white man is screaming because he sees revolution in Latin America. How do you think he’ll react to you when you learn what a real revolution is? You don’t know what a revolution is. If you did, you wouldn’t use that word.A revolution is bloody. Revolution is hostile. Revolution knows no compromise. Revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in its way. And you, sitting around here like a knot on the wall, saying, “I’m going to love these folks no matter how much they hate me.” No, you need a revolution. Whoever heard of a revolution where they lock arms, as Reverend Cleage was pointing out beautifully, singing “We Shall Overcome”? Just tell me. You don’t do that in a revolution. You don’t do any singing; you’re too busy swinging. It’s based on land. A revolutionary wants land so he can set up his own nation, an independent nation. These Negroes aren’t asking for no nation. They’re trying to crawl back on the plantation.When you want a nation, that’s called nationalism. When the white man became involved in a revolution in this country against England, what was it for? He wanted this land so he could set up another white nation. That’s white nationalism. The American Revolution was white nationalism. The French Revolution was white nationalism. The Russian Revolution too -- yes, it was -- white nationalism. You don’t think so? Why [do] you think Khrushchev and Mao can’t get their heads together? White nationalism. All the revolutions that’s goingon in Asia and Africa today are based on what? Black nationalism.A revolutionary is a black nationalist. He wants a nation. I was reading some beautiful words by Reverend Cleage, pointing out why he couldn’t get together with someone else here in the city because all of them were afraid of being identified with black nationalism. If you’re afraid of black nationalism, you’re afraid of revolution. And if you love revolution, you love black nationalism.To understand this, you have to go back to what [the] young brother here referred to as the house Negro and the field Negro -- back during slavery. There was two kinds of slaves. There was the house Negro and the field Negro. The house Negroes - they lived in the house with master, they dressed pretty good, they ate good ‘cause they ate his food -- what he left. They lived in the attic or the basement, but still they lived near the master; and they loved their master more than the master loved himself. They would give their life to save the master’s house quicker than the master would. The house Negro, if the master said, “We got a good house here,”the house Negro would say, “Yeah, we got a good house here.” Whenever the master said “we,” he said “we.” That’s how you can tell a house Negro.If the master’s house caught on fire, the house Negro would fight harder to put the blaze out than the master would. If the master got sick, the house Negro would say, “What’s the matter, boss, we sick?” We sick! He identified himself with his master more than his master identified with himself. And if you came to the house Negro and said, “Let’s run away, let’s escape, let’s separate,” the house Negro would look at you and say, “Man, you crazy. What you mean, separate? Where is there a better house than this? Where can I wear better clothes than this? Where can I eat better food than this?”That was that house Negro. In those days he was called a “house nigger.” And that’s what we call him today, because we’ve still got some house niggers running around here.This modern house Negro loves his master. He wants to live near him. He’ll pay three times as much as the house is worth just to live near his master, and then brag about “I’m the only Negro out here.”“I’m the only one on my job.”“I’m the only one in this school.” You’re nothing but a house Negro. And if someone comes to you right now and says, “Let’s separate,” you say the same thing that the house Negro said on the plantation. “What you mean, separate? From America? This good white man? Where you going to get a betterjob than you get here?”I mean, this is what you say. “I ain’t left nothing in Africa,” that’s what you say. Why, you left your mind in Africa.On that same plantation, there was the field Negro. The field Negro -- those were the masses. There were always more Negroes in the field than there was Negroes in the house. The Negro in the field caught hell. He ate leftovers. In the house they ate high up on the hog. The Negro in the field didn’t get nothing but what was left of the insides of the hog. They call ‘em “chitt’lin’”nowadays. In those days they called them what they were: guts. That’s what you were -- a gut-eater. And some of you all still gut-eaters.The field Negro was beaten from morning to night. He lived in a shack, in a hut; He wore old, castoff clothes. He hated his master. I say he hated his master. He was intelligent. That house Negro loved his master. But that field Negro -- remember, they were in the majority, and they hated the master. When the house caught on fire, he didn’t try and put it out; that field Negro prayed for a wind, for a breeze. When the master got sick, the field Negro prayed that he’d die. If someone come [sic] to the field Negro and said, “Let’s separate, let’s run,” he didn’t say “Where we going?”He’d say, “Any place is better than here.”You’ve got field Negroes in America today. I’m a field Negro. The masses are the field Negroes. When they see this man’s house on fire, you don’t hear these little Negroes talking about “our government is in trouble.” They say, “The government is in trouble.” Imagine a Negro: “Our government”! I even heard one say “our astronauts.” They won’t even let him near the plant -- and “our astronauts”! “Our Navy” -- that’s a Negro that’s out of his mind. That’s a Negro that’s out of his mind.Just as the slavemaster of that day used Tom, the house Negro, to keep the field Negroes in check, the same old slavemaster today has Negroes who are nothing but modern Uncle Toms, 20th century Uncle Toms, to keep you and me in check, keep us under control, keep us passive and peaceful and nonviolent. That’s Tom making you nonviolent. It’s like when you go to the dentist, and the man’s going to take your tooth. You’re going to fight him when he starts pulling. So he squirts some stuff in your jaw called novocaine, to make you think they’re not doing anything to you. So you sit there and ‘cause you’ve got all of that novocaine in your jaw, you suffer peacefully. Blood running all down your jaw, and you don’tknow what’s happening. ‘Cause someone has taught you to suffer -- peacefully.The white man do the same thing to you in the street, when he want [sic] to put knots on your head and take advantage of you and don’t have to be afraid of your fighting back. To keep you from fighting back, he gets these old religious Uncle Toms to teach you and me, just like novocaine, suffer peacefully. Don’t stop suffering -- just suffer peacefully. As Reverend Cleage pointed out, “Let your blood flow In the streets.” This is a shame. And you know he’s a Christian preacher. If it’s a shame to him, you know what it is to me.There’s nothing in our book, the Quran -- you call it “Ko-ran”-- that teaches us to suffer peacefully. Our religion teaches us to be intelligent. Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone puts his hand on you, send him to the cemetery. That’s a good religion. In fact, that’s that old-time religion. That’s the one that Ma and Pa used to talk about: an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth, and a head for a head, and a life for a life: That’s a good religion. And doesn’t nobody resent that kind of religion being taught but a wolf, who intends to make you his meal.This is the way it is with the white man in America. He’s a wolf and you’re sheep. Any time a shepherd, a pastor, teach [sic] you and me not to run from the white man and, at the same time, teach [sic] us not to fight the white man, he’s a traitor to you and me. Don’t lay down our life all by itself. No, preserve your life. it’s the best thing you got. And if you got to give it up, let it be even-steven.The slavemaster took Tom and dressed him well, and fed him well, and even gave him a little education -- a little education; gave him a long coat and a top hat and made all the other slaves look up to him. Then he used Tom to control them. The same strategy that was used in those days is used today, by the same white man. He takes a Negro, a so-called Negro, and make [sic] him prominent, build [sic] him up, publicize [sic] him, make [sic] him a celebrity. And then he becomes a spokesman for Negroes -- and a Negro leader.I would like to just mention just one other thing else quickly, and that is the method that the white man uses, how the white man uses these “big guns,”or Negro leaders, against the black revolution. They are not a part of the black revolution. They’re used against the black revolution.When Martin Luther King failed to desegregate Albany,Georgia, the civil-rights struggle in America reached its low point. King became bankrupt almost, as a leader. Plus, even financially, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was in financial trouble; plus it was in trouble, period, with the people when they failed to desegregate Albany, Georgia. Other Negro civil-rights leaders of so-called national stature became fallen idols. As they became fallen idols, began to lose their prestige and influence, local Negro leaders began to stir up the masses. In Cambridge, Maryland, Gloria Richardson; in Danville, Virginia, and other parts of the country, local leaders began to stir up our people at the grassroots level. This was never done by these Negroes, whom you recognize, of national stature. They controlled you, but they never incited you or excited you. They controlled you; they contained you; they kept you on the plantation.As soon as King failed in Birmingham, Negroes took to the streets. King got out and went out to California to a big rally and raised about -- I don’t know how many thousands of dollars. [He] come [sic] to Detroit and had a march and raised some more thousands of dollars. And recall, right after that [Roy] Wilkins attacked King, accused King and the CORE [Congress Of Racial Equality] of starting trouble everywhereand then making the NAACP [National Association for the Advancement of Colored People] get them out of jail and spend a lot of money; and then they accused King and CORE of raising all the money and not paying it back. This happened; I’ve got it in documented evidence in the newspaper. Roy started attacking King, and King started attacking Roy, and Farmer started attacking both of them. And as these Negroes of national stature began to attack each other, they began to lose their control of the Negro masses.And Negroes was [sic] out there in the streets. They was [sic] talking about [how] we was [sic] going to march on Washington. By the way, right at that time Birmingham had exploded, and the Negroes in Birmingham -- remember, they also exploded. They began to stab the crackers in the back and bust them up ‘side their head -- yes, they did. That’s when Kennedy sent in the troops, down in Birmingham. So, and right after that, Kennedy got on the television and said “this is a moral issue.”That’s when he said he was going to put out a civil-rights bill. And when he mentioned civil-rights bill and the Southern crackers started talking about [how] they were going to boycott or filibuster it, then the Negroes started talking -- about what? We’re going to march on Washington,march on the Senate, march on the White House, march on the Congress, and tie it up, bring it to a halt; don’t let the government proceed. They even said they was [sic] going out to the airport and lay down on the runway and don’t let no airplanes land. I’m telling you what they said. That was revolution. That was revolution. That was the black revolution.It was the grass roots out there in the street. [It] scared the white man to death, scared the white power structure in Washington, D. C. to death; I was there. When they found out that this black steamroller was going to come down on the capital, they called in Wilkins; they called in Randolph; they called in these national Negro leaders that you respect and told them, “Call it off.” Kennedy said, “Look, you all letting this thing go too far.” And Old Tom said, “Boss, I can’t stop it, because I didn’t start it.”I’m telling you what they said. They said, “I’m not even in it, much less at the head of it.”They said, “These Negroes are doing things on their own. They’re running ahead of us.” And that old shrewd fox, he said, “Well If you all aren’t in it, I’ll put you in it. I’ll put you at the head of it. I’ll endorseit. I’ll welcome it. I’ll help it. I’ll join it.”A matter of hours went by. They had a meeting at the Carlyle Hotel in New York City. The Carlyle Hotel is owned by the Kennedy family; that’s the hotel Kennedy spent the night at, two nights ago; [it] belongs to his family. A philanthropic society headed by a white man named Stephen Currier called all the top civil-rights leaders together at the Carlyle Hotel. And he told them that, “By you all fighting each other, you are destroying the civil-rights movement. And since you’re fighting over money from white liberals, let us set up what is known as the Council for United Civil Rights Leadership. Let’s form this council, and all the civil-rights organizations will belong to it, and we’ll use it for fund-raising purposes.” Let me show you how tricky the white man is. And as soon as they got it formed, they elected Whitney Young as the chairman, and who [do] you think became the co-chairman? Stephen Currier, the white man, a millionaire. Powell was talking about it down at the Cobo [Hall] today. This is what he was talking about. Powell knows it happened. Randolph knows it happened. Wilkins knows it happened. King knows it happened. Everyone of that so-called Big Six -- they know what happened.Once they formed it, with the white man over it, he promised them and gave them $800,000 to split up between the Big Six; and told them that after the march was over they’d give them $700,000 more. A million and a half dollars -- split up between leaders that you’ve been following, going to jail for, crying crocodile tears for. And they’re nothing but Frank James and Jesse James and the what-do-you-call-’em brothers.[As] soon as they got the setup organized, the white man made available to them top public relations experts; opened the news media across the country at their disposal; and then they begin [sic] to project these Big Six as the leaders of the march. Originally, they weren’t even in the march. You was [sic ] talking this march talk on Hastings Street -- Is Hastings Street still here? -- on Hasting Street. You was [sic] talking the march talk on Lenox Avenue, and out on -- What you call it? -- Fillmore Street, and Central Avenue, and 32nd Street and 63rd Street. That’s where the march talk was being talked. But the white man put the Big Six [at the] head of it; made them the march. They became the march. They took it over. And the first move they made after they took it over, they invited Walter Reuther, a white man; they invited a priest, a rabbi, and an old white preacher. Yes, an old white preacher.The same white element that put Kennedy in power -- labor, the Catholics, the Jews, and liberal Protestants; [the] same clique that put Kennedy in power, joined the march on Washington.It’s just like when you’ve got some coffee that’s too black, which means it’s too strong. What you do? You integrate it with cream; you make it weak. If you pour too much cream in, you won’t even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it’ll put you to sleep. This is what they did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn’t integrate it; they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. They ceased to be angry. They ceased to be hot. They ceased to be uncompromising. Why, it even ceased to be a march. It became a picnic, a circus. Nothing but a circus, with clowns and all. You had one right here in Detroit -- I saw it on television -- with clowns leading it, white clowns and black clowns. I know you don’t like what I’m saying, but I’m going to tell you anyway. ‘Cause I can prove what I’m saying. If you think I’m telling you wrong, you bring me Martin Luther King and A. Philip Randolph and James Farmer and those。
Malcolm X
Malcolm X第一篇：malcolm Xmalcolm X (may 19, 1925 – february 21, 1965), born malcolm little and also known as el-hajj malik el-shabazz (arabic: ?????? ???? ???????), was an african american muslim minister and human rights activist. to his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of african americans, a man who indicted white america in the harshest terms for its crimes against black americans. detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. he has been called one of the greatest and most influential african americans in history.malcolm X’s father died—killed by white supremacists, it was rumored—when he was young, and at least one of his uncles was lynched. when he was thirteen, his mother was placed in a mental hospital, and he was placed in a series of foster homes. in 1946, at age 20, he went to prison for breaking and entering.in prison, malcolm X became a member of the nation of islam and after his parole in 1952 he quickly rose to become one of its leaders. for a dozen years malcolm X was the public face of the controversial group, but disillusionment with nation of islam head elijah muhammad led him to leave the nation in march 1964. after a period of travel in africa and the middle east, he returned to the united states, where he founded muslimmosque, inc. and the organization of afro-american unity. in february 1965, less than a year after leaving the nation of islam, he was assassinated by three members of the group.malcolm X’s eXpressed bel iefs changed substantially over time. as a spokesman for the nation of islam he taught black supremacy and advocated separation of black and white americans—in contrast to the civil rights movement’s emphasis on integration. after breaking with the nation of islam in 1964—saying of his association with it, “i was a zombie then ... pointed in a certain direction and told to march”—and becoming a sunni muslim, he disavowed racism and eXpressed willingness to work with civil rights leaders, though still emphasizing black self-determination and self defense.第二篇：d malcolm X converglesson 11: mlk and malcolm X: converging ideas?overview: students will be asked to recall any ideas they have about martin luther king, jr. and malcolm X. they will then use primary sources to analyze the messages of these two men later in their careers, and evaluate their similarities and differences. finally, students will reconsider their initial perceptions of the two men and reevaluate them based on what they have uncovered in class.central question: were malcolm X and martin luther king jr.’s messages as different as people often portray them?objectives:? students will be able to compare, and contrast the ideologies and strategies employed by martin luther king, jr. and malcolm X and identify their effectiveness and legacies. (michigan curriculum framework ss 1.2 hs 3, ss 1.3 hs 1)technology standards for teachers (): technology operations and concepts ? demonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology.planning and designing learning environments and eXperiences? design developmentally appropriate learning opportunities that apply technology-enhanced instructional strategies to support the diverse needs of learners.teaching, learning, and the curriculum? use technology to support learner-centered strategies that address the diverse needs of students.assessment and evaluation? apply technology in assessing student learning of subject matter using a variety of assessment techniques.productivity and professional practice? apply technology to increase productivitysocial, ethical, legal, and human issues? identify and use technology resources that affirm diversity.key concepts:? black nationalism – a political and social movement prominent in the 1960’s that called for african-americans to gain economic and political power, and which celebrated african heritage.? de facto segregation –the separation of people based on their race, ethnicity, or class that eXists to this day because of social, and not legal, practices.? poverty – being unable to afford the means of providing material needs or comforts for oneself and ones dependents.materials and sources:??? ???eXcerpt of mlk’s “where do we go from here?” speech eXcerpt from malcolm X’s speech “the ballot or the bullet” hand out analyzing and comparing the two speechesassessment: students will complete a chart comparing and contrasting the views of mlk and malcolm X, which will go in their journal. they will also revise their initial perceptions of the two men, which will also go in their journal.instructional sequence:1. create two columns on the board with “martin luther king, jr.” at thetop of one and“malcolm X” at the top of the other. ask students to brainstorm words or phrases that come to mind when they think of each man.2. display the following quotes on the overhead, and ask students who they think said eachquote, mlk or malcolm X:“there is a magnificent new militancy within t he negro community all across thisnation. and i welcome this as a marvelous development. the negro of america issaying he’s determined to be free and he is militant enough to stand up.” – mlk“i have been convinced that some american whites do want to hel p cure therampant racism which is on the path to destroying this country.” –malcolm X3. discuss with students how and why we have these fiXed images of martin luther king, jr.and malcolm X. be sure to emphasize that the media and people writing biographies of these two men have emphasized their differences, when really by the end of their lives they had more in common than we usually think.4. pass out eXcerpts from mlk’s speech “where do we go from here?” and malcolm X’sspeech “the ballot or the bullet”, along with a graphic organizer thatstudents will complete during class. pair students up, assigning one student to read each speech. eXplain that they will be responsible for teaching the message of their speech to their partner. ask students to read through their speech and fill out the accompanying boX on their handout. after they have analyzed the message of each speech and shared their answers, ask each pair to write down any similarities and differences they can find between the two speeches in theappropriate boXes. walk around the room to help each pair, especially those who appear to be struggling.5. after students have completed their worksheet, ask them to write a paragraph in theirjournals describing whether or not their perceptions of martin luther king jr. and malcolm X have changed, based on what they have uncovered today.第三篇：7、malcolm X - the ballot or the bullet7. malcolm X - the ballot or the bulletmr. moderator, reverend cleage, brother lomaX, brothers and sisters, and malcolm friends --and i see some enemies.in fact, i think we’d be foolingread abourselves if we had an audience this large and didn’t realize that therehistory were some enemies present.free re toolbarthis afternoon we want to talk about “the ballot or the bullet.” the ballot blackhistoor the bullet eXplains itself. but before we get into it, since this is the year of the ballot or the bullet, i would like to clarify some things that refer to me personally --concerning my own personal position.the dna project.i’m still a muslim. that is, my religion is still islam. my r eligion is still trace you islam. i still credit mr. mohammed for what i know and what i am. he’s theancestraone who opened my eyes. at present, i’m the minister of the newlydna disfounded muslim mosque, incorporated, which has its offices in the teresaethnic ohotel, right in the heart of harlem --that’s the black belt in new york city. www.dnaaand when we realize that adam clayton powell is a christian minister, he’sthe --he heads abyssinian baptist church, but at the same time, he’s morefamous for his political struggling.and dr. king is a christian minister, in atlanta --from atlanta georgia --or triplegro.in atlanta, georgia, but he’s become more famous for being involved inthe第1 页共4 页civil rights struggle. there’s another in new york, reverend galamison --i don’t know if you’ve heard of him out here --he’s a christian minister frombrooklyn, but has become famous for his fight against a segregated schoolsystem in brooklyn. reverend cleage, right here, is a christian minister,here in detroit. he’s the head of the “freedom now party.”all of these arechristian ministers --all of these are christian ministers, but they don’t come to us as christian ministers. they come to us as fighters in someother category.i’m a muslim minister. the same as they are christian ministers, i’mamuslim minister. and i don’t believe in fighting today in any one front, buton all fronts. in fact, i’m a “black nationalist freedom fighter.” islam is myreligion, but i believe my religion is my personal business. it governs my personal life, my personal morals. and my religious philosophy is personalbetween me and the god in whom i believe; just as the religious philosophy of these others is between them and the god in whom theybelieve.and this is best this way. were we to come out here discussing religion,we’d have too many differences from the outstart and we could never get together. so today, though islam is my religious philosophy, my political,economic, and social philosophy is black nationalism. you and i --as i say,if we bring up religion we’ll have differences; we’ll have arguments; and we’ll never be able to get together. but if we keep our religion at home,keep our religion in the closet, keep our religion between ourselves and ourgod, but when we come out here, we have a fight that’s common to all ofus against a [sic] enemy who is common to all of us.the political philosophy of black nationalism only means that the blackman should control the politics and the politicians in his own community.the --the time --the time when white people can come in our communityand get us to vote for them so that they can be our political leaders andtell us what to do and what not to do is long gone. by the same token,thetime when that same white man, knowing that your eyes are too far open,can send another negro into the community and get you and me to supporthim so he can use him to lead us astray --those days are long gone too.the political philosophy of black nationalism only means that if you and i are going to live in a black community --and that’s where we’re going to live, ‘cause as soon as you move into one of their --soon as you move outof the black community into their community, it’s miXed for a period oftime, but they’re gone and you’re right there all by yourself again. we must --we must understand the politics of our community and we mustknow what politics is supposed to produce. we must know what part politics play in our lives. and until we become politically mature we willalways be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supportingsomeone politically who doesn’t have the good of our community at heart.so the political philosophy of black nationalism only means that we willhave to carry on a program, a political program, of re-education to openour people’s eyes, make us become more politically conscious, politicallymature, and then we will --whenever we get ready to cast our ballot, thatballot will be --will be cast for a man of the community who has the goodof the community of heart.the economic philosophy of black nationalism only means that we shouldown and operate and control the economy of our community. you wouldnever --you can’t open up a black store in a white community. white menwon’t even patronize you. and he’s not wrong. he’s got sense enough tolook out for himself. you the one who don’t have sense enough to lookoutfor yourself. the white man --the white man is too intelligent to letsomeone else come and gain control of the economy of his community. butyou will let anybody come in and take control of the economy of yourcommunity, control the housing, control the education, control the jobs,control the businesses, under the preteXt that you want to integrate. no,you’re out of your mind.the political --the economic philosophy of black nationalism only meansthat we have to become involved in a program of reeducation to educateour people into the importance of knowing that when you spend your dollarout of the community in which you live, the community in which you spendyour money becomes richer and richer; the community out which you takeyour money becomes poorer and poorer. and because these negroes, whohave been mislead, misguided, are breaking their necks to take theirmoney and spend it with the man, the man is becoming richer and richer,and you’re becoming poorer and poorer. and then what happens? thecommunity in which you live becomes a slum. it becomes a ghetto. theconditions become run down. and then you have the audacity to --tocomplain about poor housing in a run-down community. why you run itdown yourself when you take your dollar out.and you and i are in a double-track, because not only do we lose bytakingour money someplace else and spending it, when we try and spend it inour own community we’re trapped because we haven’t had sense enoughto set up stores and control the businesses of our community. the manwho’s controlling the stores in our community is a man who doesn’t looklike we do. he’s a man who doesn’t even live in the community. so youand i, even when we try and spend our money in the block where we liveor the area where we live, we’re spending it with a man who, when the sungoes down, takes that basket full of money in another part of the town.so we’re trapped, trapped, double-trapped, triple-trapped. anywhere wego we find that we’re trapped. and every kind of solution that someonecomes up with is just another trap. but the political and economicphilosophy of black nationalism --the economic philosophy of blacknationalism shows our people the importance of setting up these littlestores and developing them and eXpanding them into larger operations.woolworth didn’t start out big like they are today. they started out with adime store and eXpanded and eXpanded and then eXpanded until today,they’re are all over the country and all over the world, and they get tosome of everybody’s money. now this is what you and i --general motors[is] the same way. they didn’t start out like it is. it started out just a little rat race type operation. and it eXpanded and it eXpanded until today it’swhere it is right now. and you and i have to make a start and the bestplace to start is right in the community where we live.第四篇：malcolm X: message ...and during the few moments that we have left, we want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me -- us. we want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand. we all agree tonight, all of the speakers have agreed, that america has a very serious problem. not only does america have a very serious problem, but our people have a very serious problem. america’s problem is us. we’re her problem. the only reason she has a pro blem is she doesn’t want us here. and every time you look at yourself, be you black, brown, red, or yellow -- a so-called negro -- you represent a person who poses such a serious problem for america because you’re not wanted. once you face this as a fact, then you can start plotting a course that will make you appear intelligent, instead of unintelligent.what you and i need to do is learn to forget our differences. when we come together, we don’t come together as baptists or methodists. you don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a baptist, and you don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a methodist. you don’t catch hell ‘cause you’re a methodist or baptist. you don’t catch hell because you’re a democrat or a republican. you don’t catch hell because you’re a mason or an elk. and you sure don’tcatch hell ‘cause you’re an american; ‘cause if you was an american, you wouldn’t catch no hell. you catch hell ‘cause you’re a black man. you catch hell, all of us catch hell, for the same reason.so we are all black people, so-called negroes, second-class citizens, eX-slaves. you are nothing but a [sic] eX-slave. you don’t like to be told that. but what else are you? you are eX-slaves. you didn’t come here on the “mayflower.” you came here on a slave ship -- in chains, like a horse, or a cow, or a chicken. and you were brought here by the people who came here on the “mayflower.” you were brought here by the so-called pilgrims, or founding fathers. they were the ones who brought you here. we have a common enemy. we have this in common: we have a common oppressor, a common eXploiter, and a common discriminator. but once we all realize that we have this common enemy, then we unite on the basis of what we have in common. and what we have foremost in common is that enemy -- the white man. he’s an enemy to all of us. i know some of you all think that some of them aren’t enemies. time will tell.in bandung back in, i think, 1954, was the first unity meeting in centuries of black people. and once you study what happened at the bandung conference, and the results of the bandung conference, it actually serves as a model for the same procedure you and i can use to get our problems solved. at bandung all the nations came together. their weredark nations from africa and asia. some of them were buddhists. some of them were muslim. some of them were christians. some of them were confucianists; some were atheists. despite their religious differences, they came together. some were communists; some were socialists; some were capitalists. despite their economic and political differences, they came together. all of them were black, brown, red, or yellow.the number-one thing that was not allowed to attend the bandung conference was the white man. he couldn’t come. once they eXcluded the white man, they found that they could get together. once they kept him out, everybody else fell right in and fell in line. this is the thing that you and i have to understand. and these people who came together didn’t have nuclear weapons; they didn’t have jet planes; they didn’t have all of the heavy armaments that the white man has. but they had unity.they were able to submerge their little petty differences and agree on one thing: that though one african came from kenya and was being colonized by the englishman, and another african came from the congo and was being colonized by the belgian, and another african came from guinea and was being colonized by the french, and another came from angola and was being colonized by the portuguese. when they came to the bandung conference, they looked at the portuguese, and at the frenchman, and at the englishman, and at the other -- dutchman -- and learned or realized that the one thing that all of them had in common: they were allfrom europe, they were all europeans, blond, blue-eyed and white-skinned. they began to recognize who their enemy was. the same man that was colonizing our people in kenya was colonizing our people in the congo. the same one in the congo was colonizing our people in south africa, and in southern rhodesia, and in burma, and in india, and in afghanistan, and in pakistan. they realized all over the world where the dark man was being oppressed, he was being oppressed by the white man; where the dark man was being eXploited, he was being eXploited by the white man. so they got together under this basis -- that they had a common enemy.and when you and i here in detroit and in michigan and in america who have been awakened today look around us, we too realize here in america we all have a common enem y, whether he’s in georgia or michigan, whether he’s in california or new york. he’s the same man: blue eyes and blond hair and pale skin -- same man. so what we have to do is what they did. they agreed to stop quarreling among themselves. any little spat that they had, they’d settle it among themselves, go into a huddle -- don’t let the enemy know that you got [sic] a disagreement.instead of us airing our differences in public, we have to realize we’re all the same family. and when you have a family sq uabble, you don’t get out on the sidewalk. if you do, everybody calls you uncouth, unrefined, uncivilized, savage. if you don’t make it at home, you settle it at home;you get in the closet -- argue it out behind closed doors. and then when you come out on the street, you pose a common front, a united front. and this is what we need to do in the community, and in the city, and in the state. we need to stop airing our differences in front of the white man. put the white man out of our meetings, number one, and then sit down and talk shop with each other. [that’s] all you gotta do.i would like to make a few comments concerning the difference between the black revolution and the negro revolution. there’s a difference. are they both the same? and if they’re not, what is the difference? what is the difference between a black revolution and a negro revolution? first, what is a revolution? sometimes i’m inclined to believe that many of our people are using this word “revolution” loosely, without taking careful consideration [of] what this word actually means, and what its historic characteristics are. when you study the historic nature of revolutions, the motive of a revolution, the objective of a revolution, and the result of a revolution, and the methods used in a revolution, you may change words. you may devise another program. you may change your goal and you may change your mind.look at the american revolution in 1776. that revolution was for what? for land. why did they want land? independence. how was it carried out? bloodshed. number one, it was based on land, the basis of independence. and the only way they could get it was bloodshed. the french revolution --what was it based on? the land-less against the landlord. what was it for? land. how did they get it? bloodshed. was no love lost; was no compromise; was no negotiation. i’m telling you, you don’t know what a revolution is. ‘cause when you find out what it is, you’ll get back in the alley; you’ll get out of the way. the russian revolution -- what was it based on? land. the land-less against the landlord. how did they bring it about? bloodshed. you haven’t got a revolution that doesn’t involve bloodshed. and you’re afraid to bleed. i said, you’re afraid to bleed. [as] long as the white man sent you to korea, you bled. he sent you to germany, you bled. he sent you to the south pacific to fight the japanese, you bled. you bleed for white people. but when it comes time to seeing your own churches being bombed and little black girls be murdered, you ha ven’t got no blood. you bleed when the white man says bleed; you bite when the white man says bite; and you bark when the white man says bark. i hate to say this about us, but it’s true. how are you going to be nonviolent in mississippi, as violent as you were in korea? how can you justify being nonviolent in mississippi and alabama, when your churches are being bombed, and your little girls are being murdered, and at the same time you’re going to violent with hitler, and tojo, and somebody else that you do n’t even know?if violence is wrong in america, violence is wrong abroad. if it’s wrong to be violent defending black women and black children and black babiesand black men, then it’s wrong for america to draft us and make us violent abroad in defense of her. and if it is right for america to draft us, and teach us how to be violent in defense of her, then it is right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country.the chinese revolution -- they wanted land. they threw the british out, along with the uncle tom chinese. yeah, they did. they set a good eXample. when i was in prison, i read an article -- don’t be shocked when i say i was in prison. you’re still in prison. that’s what america means: prison. when i was in prison, i read an article in life magazine showing a little chinese girl, nine years old; her father was on his hands and knees and she was pulling the trigger ‘cause he was an uncle tom chinaman, when they had the revolution over there, they took a whole generation of uncle toms -- just wiped them out. and within ten years that little girl become [sic] a full-grown woman. no more toms in china. and today it’s one of the toughest, roughest, most feared countries on this earth -- by the white m an. ‘cause there are no uncle toms over there.of all our studies, history is best qualified to reward our research. and when you see that you’ve got problems, all you have to do is eXamine the historic method used all over the world by others who have problems similar to yours. and once you see how they got theirs straight, then you know how you can get yours straight. there’s been a revolution, a blackrevolution, going on in africa. in kenya, the mau mau were revolutionaries; they were the ones who ma de the word “uhuru” [kenyan word for “freedom”]. they were the ones who brought it to the fore. the mau mau, they were revolutionaries. they believed in scorched earth. they knocked everything aside that got in their way, and their revolution also was based on land, a desire for land. in algeria, the northern part of africa, a revolution took place. the algerians were revolutionists; they wanted land. france offered to let them be integrated into france. they told france: to hell with france. they wanted some land, not some france. and they engaged in a bloody battle.so i cite these various revolutions, brothers and sisters, to show you -- you don’t have a peaceful revolution. you don’t have a turn-the-other-cheek revolution. there’s no such thing as a n onviolent revolution. [the] only kind of revolution that’s nonviolent is the negro revolution. the only revolution based on loving your enemy is the negro revolution. the only revolution in which the goal is a desegregated lunch counter, a desegregated theater, a desegregated park, and a desegregated public toilet; you can sit down neXt to white folks on the toilet. that’s no revolution. revolution is based on land. land is the basis of all independence. land is the basis of freedom, justice, and equality.the white man knows what a revolution is. he knows that the black revolution is world-wide in scope and in nature. the black revolution issweeping asia, sweeping africa, is rearing its head in latin america. the cuban revolution -- that’s a revolution.they overturned the system. revolution is in asia. revolution is in africa. and the white man is screaming because he sees revolution in latin america. how do you think he’ll react to you when you learn what a real revolution is? you don’t know what a rev olution is. if you did, you wouldn’t use that word.a revolution is bloody. revolution is hostile. revolution knows no compromise. revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in its w(请你继续关注好)ay. and you, sitting around here like a knot on the wall, saying, “i’m going to love these folks no matter how much they hate me.” no, you need a revolutio n. whoever heard of a revolution where they lock arms, as reverend cleage was pointing out beautifully, singing “we shall overcome”? just tell me. you don’t do that in a revolution. you don’t do any singing; you’re too busy swinging. it’s based on land. a revolutionary wants land so he can set up his own nation, an independent nation. these negroes aren’t asking for no nation. they’re trying to crawl back on the plantation.when you want a nation, that’s called nationalism. when the white man became involved in a revolution in this country against england, what was it for? he wanted this land so he could set up another white nation. that’s white nationalism. the american revolution was white nationalism. the french revolution was white nationalism. the russian revolution too -- yes,。
选票还是子弹（MalcolmX-TheBallotortheBullet）（精简版）
选票还是子弹(MalcolmX-TheBallotortheBullet)选票还是子弹(MalcolmX:TheBallotortheBullet)选票还是子弹英语演讲稿马尔科姆·艾克斯于年出生在美国内布拉斯加州东部的奥马哈市，少年时期是个不学无术的街头混混，贩毒、吸毒、滥交、抢劫、杀人几乎无恶不作。
终于自食恶果，被抓入监狱。
入狱后，他居然从看字典开始，学习了世界历史，哲学，政治，自然科学等方面的知识，并参加了黑色穆斯林组织。
出狱后，他投身黑人运动，成为声望仅次于马丁·路德·金的黑人运动领袖。
马尔科姆原是穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”的头领，他到处发表演讲，强调族裔对立，把什么事都往种族冲突上拉，煽动黑人对白人的仇恨。
到后来他醒悟、放弃暴力、并和腐败的教主进行抗衡，不再强调仇恨；而是追求黑人和白人之间的沟通、理解、博爱，但却遭到自己原先效忠的组织的暗杀。
宗教带给他强大的力量，他所表现出的永远是那么坚强、自信；他的言行举止永远显示出他的火一般的激情和永不言败的信念。
他的生命充满了斗争与愤怒，但同时又涌动着热情与博爱。
马尔科姆总能够用犀利的语言，针针见血地击中问题的要害。
此篇演讲发表于64年4月3日，此前的64年3月，马尔科姆与极端派的黑色穆斯林组织“伊斯兰民族”决裂。
此演讲发表后短短10个月的65年2月日，在曼哈顿奥特朋舞厅的一个报告会上，“伊斯兰民族”组织派出的三名歹徒连开15枪残忍地杀害了马尔科姆。
It’llbethetheballotorit’llbethebullet.It’llbelibertyorit’llbedeath.Andifyou’renotreadytopaythatpricedon’tusetheordfreedominyourvocabulary.是选票还是子弹。
是自由还是死亡。
如果你还没有准备付出代价，那么就请不要说什么自由。
演讲全文：TheBallotortheBullet/MalcolmXMr.Moderator,ReverendCleage,Br otherLomax,brothersandsisters,andfriendsandIseesomeenemies. Infact,Ithinke’dbefoolingourselvesifehadanaudiencethislargeanddidn’trealizethatthereeresomeenemiespresent.Thisafternooneanttot alkabouttheballotorthebullet.Theballotorthebulletexplaiitself.Butbeforeegetintoit,sincethisistheyearoftheballotorthebu llet,Iouldliketoclarifysomethingsthatrefertomepersonally--c oncerningmyonpersonalposition.I'mstillaMuslim.Thatis,myreli gionisstillIslam.MyreligionisstillIslam.IstillcreditMr.Moha mmedforhatIknoandhatIam.He’stheonehoopenedmyeyes.Atpresent,I'mtheMinisterofthenelyfoun dedMuslimMosque,IncorporatedhichhasitsofficesintheTeresaHot el,rightintheheartofHarlem--that’stheblackbeltinNeYorkcity.AndhenerealizethatAdamClaytonPoel lisaChristianminister,he’sthe--heheadsAbyinianBaptistChurch,butatthesametime,he’smorefamousforhispoliticalstruggling.AndDr.KingisaChristian Minister,inAtlanta–orfromAtlantaGeorgia--orinAtlanta,Georgia,buthe’sbeemorefamousforbeinginvolvedinthecivilrightsstruggle.Ther e’sanotherinNeYork,ReverendGalamison--Idon’tknoifyou’veheardofhimouthere–he’saChristianMinisterfromBrooklyn,buthasbeefamousforhisfighta gaitasegregatedschoolsysteminBrooklyn.ReverendClee,righther e,isaChristianMinister,hereinDetroit.He’。
经典30个演讲
经典30个演讲演讲是一种艺术形式，可以通过语言和表达方式影响和激励听众。
下面是30个经典演讲的列表，这些演讲涵盖了各个领域和主题，希望能够给你带来一些启发和思考。
1.英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔的"We Shall Fight on the Beaches"（我们将在海滩上战斗）这是二战期间，丘吉尔在英国议会上发表的演讲之一，鼓舞了民众的士气，激励他们抵抗纳粹德国。
2.美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪的"Inaugural Address"（就职演说）肯尼迪在就任总统时发表的演讲，提出了著名的口号：“不要问你的国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为你的国家做什么。
”3.美国军事指挥官道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟的"Farewell Address to Congress"（告别国会演说）麦克阿瑟在离任前向国会发表的演说，引发了广泛的讨论和反响，并对他的职业生涯产生了深远的影响。
4.美国公民权利运动领袖马丁·路德·金的"I Have a Dream"（我有一个梦想）这是马丁·路德·金在1963年华盛顿大游行中的演讲，他呼吁种族平等和公正，成为美国历史上最具象征意义的演讲之一。
5.英国作家J.K.罗琳的Harvard大学毕业演讲J.K.罗琳在这个演讲中讲述了自己身份的转变和承受的挑战，表达了关于失败和惩罚的重要观点，以及对于建立未来的期望。
6.英国作家罗尔德·达尔的"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"（《查理和巧克力工厂》）罗尔德·达尔以一种幽默而又有趣的方式，讲述了一个关于冒险、想象力和正直的故事，这个演讲被广泛阅读和赞赏。
7.诺贝尔和平奖获得者艾莉斯·门罗的"Women's Rights Are Human Rights"（妇女权益即人权）这个演讲被艾莉斯·门罗在1995年的第四届联合国妇女大会上做出，它呼吁全球社会对妇女权益进行关注和保护。
英语演讲稿Malcolm X- -The Ballot or
三一文库（）/演讲稿范文/英语演讲稿Malcolm X: "The Ballot ormr.moderator,brotherlomax,brothersandsisters,friendsandenemies :ijustcan'tbelieveeveryoneinhereisafriend,andidon'twanttoleaveany bodyout.thequestiontonight,asiunderstandit,is"thenegrorevolt,and wheredowegofromhere?"orwhatnext?"inmylittlehumblewayofunde rstandingit,itpointstowardeithertheballotorthebullet.beforewetryandexplainwhatismeantbytheballotorthebullet,iwouldli ketoclarifysomethingconcerningmyself.i'mstillamuslim;myreligionis stillislam.that'smypersonalbelief.justasadamclaytonpowellisachristi anministerwhoheadstheabyssinianbaptistchurchinnewyork,butatth esametimetakespartinthepoliticalstrugglestotryandbringaboutrights totheblackpeopleinthiscountry;anddr.martinlutherkingisachristianm inisterdowninatlanta,georgia,whoheadsanotherorganizationfighting forthecivilrightsofblackpeopleinthiscountry;andreverendgalamison,iguessyou'veheardofhim,isanotherchristianministerinnewyorkwhoh asbeendeeplyinvolvedintheschoolboycottstoeliminatesegregateded ucation;well,imyselfamaminister,notachristianminister,butamuslim minister;andibelieveinactiononallfrontsbywhatevermeansnecessary .althoughi'mstillamuslim,i'mnotheretonighttodiscussmyreligion.i'mn otheretotryandchangeyourreligion.i'mnotheretoargueordiscussanyt hingthatwedifferabout,becauseit'stimeforustosubmergeourdifferen cesandrealizethatitisbestforustofirstseethatwehavethesameproble m,acommonproblem,aproblemthatwillmakeyoucatchhellwhetheryo u'reabaptist,oramethodist,oramuslim,oranationalist.whetheryou're educatedorilliterate,whetheryouliveontheboulevardorinthealley,yo u'regoingtocatchhelljustlikeiam.we'reallinthesameboatandweallare goingtocatchthesamehellfromthesameman.hejusthappenstobeawhi teman.allofushavesufferedhere,inthiscountry,politicaloppressionatt hehandsofthewhiteman,economicexploitationatthehandsofthewhit eman,andsocialdegradationatthehandsofthewhiteman.nowinspeakinglikethis,itdoesn'tmeanthatwe'reanti-white,butitdoes meanwe'reanti-exploitation,we'reanti-degradation,we'reanti-oppression.andifthewhitemandoesn'twantustobeanti-him,lethimstopopp ressingandexploitinganddegradingus.whetherwearechristiansormus limsornationalistsoragnosticsoratheists,wemustfirstlearntoforgetou rdifferences.ifwehavedifferences,letusdifferinthecloset;whenweco meoutinfront,letusnothaveanythingtoargueaboutuntilwegetfinishe darguingwiththeman.ifthelatepresidentkennedycouldgettogetherwi thkhrushchevandexchangesomewheat,wecertainlyhavemoreincom monwitheachotherthankennedyandkhrushchevhadwitheachother.ifwedon'tdosomethingrealsoon,ithinkyou'llhavetoagreethatwe'rego ingtobeforcedeithertousetheballotorthebullet.it'soneortheotherin1 964.itisn'tthattimeisrunningout--timehasrunout!1964threatenstobethemostexplosiveyearamericahaseverwitnessed. themostexplosiveyear.why?it'salsoapoliticalyear.it'stheyearwhenall ofthewhitepoliticianswillbebackintheso-callednegrocommunityjivin gyouandmeforsomevotes.theyearwhenallofthewhitepoliticalcrooks willberightbackinyourandmycommunitywiththeirfalsepromises,buil dingupourhopesforaletdown,withtheirtrickeryandtheirtreachery,wit htheirfalsepromiseswhichtheydon'tintendtokeep.astheynourishthes edissatisfactions,itcanonlyleadtoonething,anexplosion;andnowwehavethetypeofblackmanonthesceneinamericatoday--i'msorry,brothe rlomax--whojustdoesn'tintendtoturntheothercheekanylonger.don'tletanybodytellyouanythingabouttheoddsareagainstyou.iftheyd raftyou,theysendyoutokoreaandmakeyouface800millionchinese.ify oucanbebraveoverthere,youcanbebraverighthere.theseoddsaren'ta sgreatasthoseodds.andifyoufighthere,youwillatleastknowwhatyou'r efightingfor.i'mnotapolitician,notevenastudentofpolitics;infact,i'mnotastudento fmuchofanything.i'mnotademocrat.i'mnotarepublican,andidon'teve nconsidermyselfanamerican.ifyouandiwereamericans,there'dbenop roblem.thosehonkiesthatjustgotofftheboat,they'realreadyamerican s;polacksarealreadyamericans;theitalianrefugeesarealreadyamerica ns.everythingthatcameoutofeurope,everyblue-eyedthing,isalreadya namerican.andaslongasyouandihavebeenoverhere,wearen'tamerica nsyet.well,iamonewhodoesn'tbelieveindeludingmyself.i'mnotgoingtositat yourtableandwatchyoueat,withnothingonmyplate,andcallmyselfadi ner.sittingatthetabledoesn'tmakeyouadiner,unlessyoueatsomeofwhat'sonthatplate.beinghereinamericadoesn'tmakeyouanamerican.bei ngbornhereinamericadoesn'tmakeyouanamerican.why,ifbirthmade youamerican,youwouldn'tneedanylegislation;youwouldn'tneedanya mendmentstotheconstitution;youwouldn'tbefacedwithcivil-rightsfili busteringinwashington,d.c.,rightnow.theydon'thavetopasscivil-right slegislationtomakeapolackanamerican.no,i'mnotanamerican.i'moneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethev ictimsofamericanism.oneofthe22millionblackpeoplewhoarethevicti msofdemocracy,nothingbutdisguisedhypocrisy.so,i'mnotstandinghe respeakingtoyouasanamerican,orapatriot,oraflag-saluter,oraflag-wa ver--no,noti.i'mspeakingasavictimofthisamericansystem.andiseeam ericathroughtheeyesofthevictim.idon'tseeanyamericandream;iseea namericannightmare.these22millionvictimsarewakingup.theireyesarecomingopen.they're beginningtoseewhattheyusedtoonlylookat.they'rebecomingpolitical lymature.theyarerealizingthattherearenewpoliticaltrendsfromcoast tocoast.astheyseethesenewpoliticaltrends,it'spossibleforthemtosee thateverytimethere'sanelectiontheracesaresoclosethattheyhavetoh avearecount.theyhadtorecountinmassachusettstoseewhowasgoingtobegovernor,itwassoclose.itwasthesamewayinrhodeisland,inminne sota,andinmanyotherpartsofthecountry.andthesamewithkennedya ndnixonwhentheyranforpresident.itwassoclosetheyhadtocountallov eragain.well,whatdoesthismean?itmeansthatwhenwhitepeoplearee venlydivided,andblackpeoplehaveablocofvotesoftheirown,itisleftup tothemtodeterminewho'sgoingtositinthewhitehouseandwho'sgoing tobeinthedoghouse.lt.wastheblackman'svotethatputthepresentadministrationinwashing ton,d.c.yourvote,yourdumbvote,yourignorantvote,yourwastedvote putinanadministrationinwashington,d.c.,thathasseenfittopassevery kindoflegislationimaginable,savingyouuntillast,thenfilibusteringonto pofthat.andyourandmyleadershavetheaudacitytorunaroundclappin gtheirhandsandtalkabouthowmuchprogresswe'remaking.andwhata goodpresidentwehave.ifhewasn'tgoodintexas,hesurecan'tbegoodin washington,d.c.becausetexasisalynchstate.itisinthesamebreathasmi ssissippi,nodifferent;onlytheylynchyouintexaswithatexasaccentandl ynchyouinmississippiwithamississippiaccent.andthesenegroleaders havetheaudacitytogoandhavesomecoffeeinthewhitehousewithatex an,asoutherncracker--that'sallheis--andthencomeoutandtellyouand methathe'sgoingtobebetterforusbecause,sincehe'sfromthesouth,he knowshowtodealwiththesoutherners.whatkindoflogicisthat?leteastlandbepresident,he'sfromthesouthtoo.heshouldbebetterabletodeal withthemthanjohnson.inthispresentadministrationtheyhaveinthehouseofrepresentatives2 57democratstoonly177republicans.theycontroltwo-thirdsofthehous evote.whycan'ttheypasssomethingthatwillhelpyouandme?inthesen ate,thereare67senatorswhoareofthedemocraticparty.only33ofthem arerepublicans.why,thedemocratshavegotthegovernmentsewedup, andyou'retheonewhoseweditupforthem.andwhathavetheygivenyou forit?fouryearsinoffice,andjustnowgettingaroundtosomecivil-rightsl egislation.justnow,aftereverythingelseisgone,outoftheway,they'reg oingtositdownnowandplaywithyouallsummerlong--thesameoldgiant congamethattheycallfilibuster.allthoseareincahootstogether.don'ty oueverthinkthey'renotincahootstogether,forthemanthatisheadingth ecivil-rightsfilibusterisamanfromgeorgianamedrichardrussell.whenj ohnsonbecamepresident,thefirstmanheaskedforwhenhegotbackto washington,d.c.,was"dicky"--that'showtighttheyare.that'shisboy,tha t'shispal,that'shisbuddy.butthey'replayingthatoldcongame.oneofthe mmakesbelievehe'sforyou,andhe'sgotitfixedwheretheotheroneissot ightagainstyou,heneverhastokeephispromise.soit'stimein1964towakeup.andwhenyouseethemcomingupwiththat kindofconspiracy,letthemknowyoureyesareopen.andletthemknowy ou--somethingelsethat'swideopentoo.it'sgottobetheballotorthebull et.theballotorthebullet.ifyou'reafraidtouseanexpressionlikethat,you shouldgetonoutofthecountry;youshouldgetbackinthecottonpatch;y oushouldgetbackinthealley.theygetallthenegrovote,andaftertheyget it,thenegrogetsnothinginreturn.alltheydidwhentheygottowashingto nwasgiveafewbignegroesbigjobs.thosebignegroesdidn'tneedbigjobs ,theyalreadyhadjobs.that'scamouflage,that'strickery,that'streachery ,window-dressing.i'mnottryingtoknockoutthedemocratsfortherepu blicans.we'llgettotheminaminute.butitistrue;youputthedemocratsfir standthedemocratsputyoulast.lookatitthewayitis.whatalibisdotheyuse,sincetheycontrolcongressan dthesenate?whatalibidotheyusewhenyouandiask,"well,whenareyou goingtokeepyourpromise?"theyblamethedixiecrats.whatisadixiecrat ?ademocrat.adixiecratisnothingbutademocratindisguise.thetitularh eadofthedemocratsisalsotheheadofthedixiecrats,becausethedixiecr atsareapartofthedemocraticparty.thedemocratshaveneverkickedth edixiecratsoutoftheparty.thedixiecratsboltedthemselvesonce,butth edemocratsdidn'tputthemout.imagine,theselowdownsouthernsegregationistsputthenortherndemocratsdown.butthenortherndemocra tshaveneverputthedixiecratsdown.no,lookatthatthingthewayitis.the yhavegotacongamegoingon,apoliticalcongame,andyouandiareinthe middle.it'stimeforyouandmetowakeupandstartlookingatitlikeitis,an dtryingtounderstanditlikeitis;andthenwecandealwithitlikeitis.thedixiecratsinwashington,d.c.,controlthekeycommitteesthatrunthe government.theonlyreasonthedixiecratscontrolthesecommitteesisb ecausetheyhaveseniority.theonlyreasontheyhaveseniorityisbecause theycomefromstateswherenegroescan'tvote.thisisnotevenagovern mentthat'sbasedondemocracy.lt.isnotagovernmentthatismadeupof representativesofthepeople.halfofthepeopleinthesouthcan'tevenvo te.eastlandisnotevensupposedtobeinwashington.halfofthesenators andcongressmenwhooccupythesekeypositionsinwashington,d.c.,are thereillegally,arethereunconstitutionally.iwasinwashington,d.c.,aweekagothursday,whentheyweredebatingw hetherornottheyshouldletthebillcomeontothefloor.andinthebackoft heroomwherethesenatemeets,there'sahugemapoftheunitedstates, andonthatmapitshowsthelocationofnegroesthroughoutthecountry.anditshowsthatthesouthernsectionofthecountry,thestatesthatarem ostheavilyconcentratedwithnegroes,aretheonesthathavesenatorsan dcongressmenstandingupfilibusteringanddoingallotherkindsoftricke rytokeepthenegrofrombeingabletovote.thisispitiful.butit'snotpitifulf orusanylonger;it'sactuallypitifulforthewhiteman,becausesoonnow,a sthenegroawakensalittlemoreandseesthevisethathe'sin,seesthebagt hathe'sin,seestherealgamethathe'sin,thenthenegro'sgoingtodevelo panewtactic.thesesenatorsandcongressmenactuallyviolatetheconstitutionalame ndmentsthatguaranteethepeopleofthatparticularstateorcountytheri ghttovote.andtheconstitutionitselfhaswithinitthemachinerytoexpel anyrepresentativefromastatewherethevotingrightsofthepeoplearev iolated.youdon'tevenneednewlegislation.anypersonincongressright now,whoistherefromastateoradistrictwherethevotingrightsofthepe opleareviolated,thatparticularpersonshouldbeexpelledfromcongres s.andwhenyouexpelhim,you'veremovedoneoftheobstaclesinthepat hofanyrealmeaningfullegislationinthiscountry.infact,whenyouexpelt hem,youdon'tneednewlegislation,becausetheywillbereplacedbyblac krepresentativesfromcountiesanddistrictswheretheblackmanisinthe majority,notintheminority.iftheblackmaninthesesouthernstateshadhisfullvotingrights,thekeydi xiecratsinwashington,d.c.,whichmeansthekeydemocratsinwashingt on,d.c.,wouldlosetheirseats.thedemocraticpartyitselfwouldloseitsp ower.itwouldceasetobepowerfulasaparty.whenyouseetheamountof powerthatwouldbelostbythedemocraticpartyifitweretolosethedixie cratwing,orbranch,orelement,youcanseewhereit'sagainsttheinteres tsofthedemocratstogivevotingrightstonegroesinstateswherethedem ocratshavebeenincompletepowerandauthorityeversincethecivilwar. youjustcan'tbelongtothatpartywithoutanalyzingit.isayagain,i'mnotanti-democrat,i'mnotanti-republican,i'mnotanti-an ything.i'mjustquestioningtheirsincerity,andsomeofthestrategythatt hey'vebeenusingonourpeoplebypromisingthempromisesthattheydo n'tintendtokeep.whenyoukeepthedemocratsinpower,you'rekeeping thedixiecratsinpower.idoubtthatmygoodbrotherlomaxwilldenythat. avoteforademocratisavoteforadixiecrat.that'swhy,in1964,it'stimeno wforyouandmetobecomemorepoliticallymatureandrealizewhattheb allotisfor;whatwe'resupposedtogetwhenwecastaballot;andthatifwe don'tcastaballot,it'sgoingtoendupinasituationwherewe'regoingtoha vetocastabullet.it'seitheraballotorabullet.inthenorth,theydoitadifferentway.theyhaveasystemthat'sknownasg errymandering,whateverthatmeans.itmeanswhennegroesbecometo oheavilyconcentratedinacertainarea,andbegintogaintoomuchpolitic alpower,thewhitemancomesalongandchangesthedistrictlines.youm aysay,"whydoyoukeepsayingwhiteman?"becauseit'sthewhitemanw hodoesit.ihaven'teverseenanynegrochanginganylines.theydon'tlethi mgetneartheline.it'sthewhitemanwhodoesthis.andusually,it'sthewh itemanwhogrinsatyouthemost,andpatsyouontheback,andissuppose dtobeyourfriend.hemaybefriendly,buthe'snotyourfriend.so,whati'mtryingtoimpressuponyou,inessence,isthis:youandiinamer icaarefacednotwithasegregationistconspiracy,we'refacedwithagove rnmentconspiracy.everyonewho'sfilibusteringisasenator--that'stheg overnment.everyonewho'sfinaglinginwashington,d.c.,isacongressm an--that'sthegovernment.youdon'thaveanybodyputtingblocksinyour pathbutpeoplewhoareapartofthegovernment.thesamegovernmentt hatyougoabroadtofightforanddieforisthegovernmentthatisinaconsp iracytodepriveyouofyourvotingrights,depriveyouofyoureconomicop portunities,depriveyouofdecenthousing,depriveyouofdecenteducati on.youdon'tneedtogototheemployeralone,itisthegovernmentitself,t hegovernmentofamerica,thatisresponsiblefortheoppressionandexploitationanddegradationofblackpeopleinthiscountry.andyoushoulddr opitintheirlap.thisgovernmenthasfailedthenegro.thisso-calleddemo cracyhasfailedthenegro.andallthesewhiteliberalshavedefinitelyfaile dthenegro.so,wheredowegofromhere?first,weneedsomefriends.weneedsome newallies.theentirecivil-rightsstruggleneedsanewinterpretation,abr oaderinterpretation.weneedtolookatthiscivil-rightsthingfromanothe rangle--fromtheinsideaswellasfromtheoutside.tothoseofuswhoseph ilosophyisblacknationalism,theonlywayyoucangetinvolvedinthecivil-rightsstruggleisgiveitanewinterpretation.thatoldinterpretationexclu dedus.itkeptusout.so,we'regivinganewinterpretationtothecivil-right sstruggle,aninterpretationthatwillenableustocomeintoit,takepartini t.andthesehandkerchief-headswhohavebeendillydallyingandpussyfo otingandcompromising--wedon'tintendtoletthempussyfootanddilly dallyandcompromiseanylonger.howcanyouthankamanforgivingyouwhat'salreadyyours?howthenca nyouthankhimforgivingyouonlypartofwhat'salreadyyours?youhaven 'tevenmadeprogress,ifwhat'sbeinggiventoyou,youshouldhavehadalr eady.that'snotprogress.andilovemybrotherlomax,thewayhepointedoutwe'rerightbackwherewewerein1954.we'renotevenasfarupaswe werein1954.we'rebehindwherewewerein1954.there'smoresegregat ionnowthantherewasin1954.there'smoreracialanimosity,moreracial hatred,moreracialviolencetodayin1964,thantherewasin1954.wherei stheprogress?andnowyou'refacingasituationwheretheyoungnegro'scomingup.the ydon'twanttohearthat"turnthe-other-cheek"stuff,no.injacksonville,t hosewereteenagers,theywerethrowingmolotovcocktails.negroesha veneverdonethatbefore.butitshowsyouthere'sanewdealcomingin.th ere'snewthinkingcomingin.there'snewstrategycomingin.it'llbemolot ovcocktailsthismonth,handgrenadesnextmonth,andsomethingelsen extmonth.it'llbeballots,orit'llbebullets.it'llbeliberty,oritwillbedeath.t heonlydifferenceaboutthiskindofdeath--it'llbereciprocal.youknoww hatismeantby"reciprocal"?that'soneofbrotherlomax'swords.istoleitf romhim.idon'tusuallydealwiththosebigwordsbecauseidon'tusuallyd ealwithbigpeople.idealwithsmallpeople.ifindyoucangetawholelotofs mallpeopleandwhiphelloutofawholelotofbigpeople.theyhaven'tgota nythingtolose,andthey'vegoteverythingtogain.andthey'llletyouknow inaminute:"ittakestwototango;whenigo,yougo."theblacknationalists,thosewhosephilosophyisblacknationalism,inbri ngingaboutthisnewinterpretationoftheentiremeaningofcivilrights,lo okuponitasmeaning,asbrotherlomaxhaspointedout,equalityofoppor tunity.well,we'rejustifiedinseekingcivilrights,ifitmeansequalityofopp ortunity,becauseallwe'redoingthereistryingtocollectforourinvestme nt.ourmothersandfathersinvestedsweatandblood.threehundredand tenyearsweworkedinthiscountrywithoutadimeinreturn--imeanwith outadimeinreturn.youletthewhitemanwalkaroundheretalkingabout howrichthiscountryis,butyouneverstoptothinkhowitgotrichsoquick.i tgotrichbecauseyoumadeitrich.youtakethepeoplewhoareinthisaudiencerightnow.they'repoor.we'r eallpoorasindividuals.ourweeklysalaryindividuallyamountstohardlya nything.butifyoutakethesalaryofeveryoneinherecollectively,it'llfillup awholelotofbaskets.it'salotofwealth.ifyoucancollectthewagesofjustt hesepeoplerighthereforayear,you'llberich--richerthanrich.whenyoul ookatitlikethat,thinkhowrichunclesamhadtobecome,notwiththishan dful,butmillionsofblackpeople.yourandmymotherandfather,whodid n'tworkaneight-hourshift,butworkedfrom"can'tsee"inthemorningun til"can'tsee"atnight,andworkedfornothing,makingthewhitemanrich,makingunclesamrich.thisisourinvestment.thisisourcontribution,ourb lood.notonlydidwegiveofourfreelabor,wegaveofourblood.everytimeheha dacalltoarms,wewerethefirstonesinuniform.wediedoneverybattlefie ldthewhitemanhad.wehavemadeagreatersacrificethananybodywho' sstandingupinamericatoday.wehavemadeagreatercontributionandh avecollectedless.civilrights,forthoseofuswhosephilosophyisblacknati onalism,means:"giveittousnow.don'twaitfornextyear.giveittousyest erday,andthat'snotfastenough."imightstoprightheretopointoutonething.wheneveryou'regoingafters omethingthatbelongstoyou,anyonewho'sdeprivingyouoftherighttoh aveitisacriminal.understandthat.wheneveryouaregoingaftersomethi ngthatisyours,youarewithinyourlegalrightstolayclaimtoit.andanyone whoputsforthanyefforttodepriveyouofthatwhichisyours,isbreakingt helaw,isacriminal.andthiswaspointedoutbythesupremecourtdecisio n.itoutlawedsegregation.whichmeanssegregationisagainstthelaw.whichmeansasegregationis tisbreakingthelaw.asegregationistisacriminal.youcan'tlabelhimasanythingotherthanthat.andwhenyoudemonstrateagainstsegregation,th elawisonyourside.thesupremecourtisonyourside.now,whoisitthatopposesyouincarryingoutthelaw?thepolicedepartm entitself.withpolicedogsandclubs.wheneveryoudemonstrateagainst segregation,whetheritissegregatededucation,segregatedhousing,or anythingelse,thelawisonyourside,andanyonewhostandsinthewayisn otthelawanylonger.theyarebreakingthelaw;theyarenotrepresentativ esofthelaw.anytimeyoudemonstrateagainstsegregationandamanha stheaudacitytoputapolicedogonyou,killthatdog,killhim,i'mtellingyou ,killthatdog.isayit,iftheyputmeinjailtomorrow,killthatdog.thenyou'll putastoptoit.now,ifthesewhitepeopleinheredon'twanttoseethatkin dofaction,getdownandtellthemayortotellthepolicedepartmenttopul lthedogsin.that'sallyouhavetodo.ifyoudon'tdoit,someoneelsewill.ifyoudon'ttakethiskindofstand,yourlittlechildrenwillgrowupandlook atyouandthink"shame."ifyoudon'ttakeanuncompromisingstand,ido n'tmeangooutandgetviolent;butatthesametimeyoushouldneverben onviolentunlessyourunintosomenonviolence.i'mnonviolentwiththos ewhoarenonviolentwithme.butwhenyoudropthatviolenceonme,the nyou'vemademegoinsane,andi'mnotresponsibleforwhatido.andthat'sthewayeverynegroshouldget.anytimeyouknowyou'rewithinthelaw ,withinyourlegalrights,withinyourmoralrights,inaccordwithjustice,th endieforwhatyoubelievein.butdon'tdiealone.letyourdyingberecipro cal.thisiswhatismeantbyequality.what'sgoodforthegooseisgoodforth egander.whenwebegintogetinthisarea,weneednewfriends,weneednewallies. weneedtoexpandthecivil-rightsstruggletoahigherlevel--tothelevelof humanrights.wheneveryouareinacivil-rightsstruggle,whetheryoukno witornot,youareconfiningyourselftothejurisdictionofunclesam.noon efromtheoutsideworldcanspeakoutinyourbehalfaslongasyourstruggl eisacivil-rightsstruggle.civilrightscomeswithinthedomesticaffairsofth iscountry.allofourafricanbrothersandourasianbrothersandourlatin-a mericanbrotherscannotopentheirmouthsandinterfereinthedomestic affairsoftheunitedstates.andaslongasit'scivilrights,thiscomesundert hejurisdictionofunclesam.buttheunitednationshaswhat'sknownasthecharterofhumanrights;it hasacommitteethatdealsinhumanrights.youmaywonderwhyallofthe atrocitiesthathavebeencommittedinafricaandinhungaryandinasia,a ndinlatinamericaarebroughtbeforetheun,andthenegroproblemisnev。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
I'm still a Muslim. That is, my religion is still Islam. My religion is still
Trace you Islam. I still credit Mr. Mohammed for what I know and what I am. He's the
Christian Ministers --All of these are Christian Ministers, but they don’t
come to us as Christian Ministers. They come to us as fighters in some
other category.
system in Brooklyn. Reverend Cleage, right here, is a Christian Minister,
here in Detroit. He’s the head of the “Freedom Now Party.”
All of these are
live, 'cause as soon as you move into one of their --soon as you move out
of the Black community into their community, it’s mixed for a period of
time, but they’re gone and you’re right there all by yourself again. We
I’m a Muslim minister. The same as they are Christian Ministers, I’ma
Muslim minister. And I don’t believe in fighting today in any one front, but
Hotel, right in the heart of Harlem --that’s the black belt in New York city. www.dnaa
And when we realize that Adam Clayton Powell is a Christian minister, he’s
Free Re Toolbar
This afternoon we want to talk about "The ballot or the bullet." The ballot BlackHisto
or the bullet explains itself. But before we get into it, since this is the year
if we bring up religion we’ll have differences; we’ll have arguments; and
we’ll never be able to get together. But if we keep our religion at home,
ballot will be --will be cast for a man of the community who has the good
always be mislead, lead astray, or deceived or maneuvered into supporting
someone politically who doesn’t have the good of our community at heart.
So the political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that we will
of the ballot or the bullet, I would like to clarify some things that refer to
me personally --concerning my own personal position.
The DNA Project.
英语演讲7. Malcolm X - The Ballot or the Bullet
2008-10-16 来源: 【大 中 小】 点击: 14955 评论：0 条 投稿 分享到人人 划词已开启
推荐课程：雅思口语课程(每人仅限一次免费体验) 上班族推荐：免费订阅“每日英语课程”
time when that same white man, knowing that your eyes are too far open,
can send another negro into the community and get you and me to support
him so he can use him to lead us astray --those days are long gone too.
personal life, my personal morals. And my religious philosophy is personal
between me and the God in whom I believe; just as the religious
philosophy of these others is between them and the God in whom they
下载音频7. Malcolm X - The Ballot or the Bullet
Mr. Moderator, Reverend Cleage, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, and
Malcolm friends --and I see some enemies.
ancestraone who opened my eyes. At present, I'm the Minister of the newlyDNA Dis
founded Muslim Mosque, Incorporated, which has its offices in the Teresaethnic o
believe.
And this is best this way. Were we to come out here discussing religion,
we’d have too many differences from the outstart and we could never get
The --The time --The time when white people can come in our community
and get us to vote for them so that they can be our political leaders and
tell us what to do and what not to do is long gone. By the same token, the
In fact, I think we’d be fooling
Read Abourselves if we had an audience this large and didn’t realize that there
History were some enemies present.
don’t know if you’ve heard of him out here --he’s a Christian Minister from
Brooklyn, but has become famous for his fight against a segregated school
in Atlanta, Georgia, but he’s become more famous for being involved in the
civil ri York, Reverend Galamison --I
us against a [sic] enemy who is common to all of us.
The political philosophy of Black Nationalism only means that the black
man should control the politics and the politicians in his own community.
keep our religion in the closet, keep our religion between ourselves and our
God, but when we come out here, we have a fight that’s common to all of
on all fronts. In fact, I’m a "Black Nationalist Freedom Fighter." Islam is my
religion, but I believe my religion is my personal business. It governs my
together. So today, though Islam is my religious philosophy, my political,
economic, and social philosophy is Black Nationalism. You and I --As I say,