OG语法重点汇总
PREP+OG13语法总结
PREP+OG13语法总结1.句子残缺i.缺动词：2.固定搭配➢fail to do sth➢the method is to do sth➢In contrast with/to➢Help: help sb (to) do sth, Help( to) do, be helpful in (要注意)➢estimate用法✓estimate (that) （不需加原V）✓estimate + N + to be N(adj) (prep 2-51)✓estimate + N + at + 价格等数量词（估价）（除此概念以外优先用estimated to be表达）如：40 to 44 million years是时间概念，要用estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old.➢contrary to：一般接抽象名词(ideas, opinions, or actions)，在句首的时候不需要逻辑主语➢the same…as✓Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly throughthe water as to a person standing on land.➢seem的用法：✓seem to do sthIt seems that+从句It seems as if+从句➢debilitation 和debilitating区别：debilitation虚弱，乏力，debilitating使虚弱的➢advocate及物动词argue for➢the rivals x and y /the rivalry between X and Y➢be expended on/in sth➢enshrine通常用被动，enshrine in或者be enshrined in被动语态➢as well as有主次之分，A是主，B是次➢require的用法：✓required some time/sbto do sth, Require sb. doing…错误✓be required to do sth,✓require that sb(should) do sth✓require of sb that..(should) do..需要某人做某事✓require doing（require主动表被动含义）A require making known to B..➢rather/instead单独用时为副词，所以加句子，不能加不定式➢recommend的用法：1.推荐，推举，举荐；a)recommend sb. sth.=recommend sth. to sb. 给某人推荐b)recommend sb. for the job/post/position 给某人推荐岗位（工作）c)recommend sb. as +职务推荐某人做什么2.建议，劝告，忠告；【同advise用法一样】recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事recommend doing sth.建议做某事recommend ...that +主语+shoud(在GMAT中必须省略)+动词原形+其他【虚拟语气】ps:区别advise与suggest的用法没有suggest sb. to do sth. 其余的一样。
manhattan OG横向总结
1 Meaning1单词相似，意思不同 e.g. economic VS economical、aggravate（恶化）VS aggravating(激怒)2 句子关系不能随便改变。
原本是but改为，and就是很大的变动，影响句子意思。
3 注意that或者其他修饰词前后，subject与verb是否make sense.Eg evidence that suggests XXX evidence 与suggests可以搭配Plans that cut into XXX plans 与cut不能，plan 不能cut，要变：plans that are to cut4 原本是低层级句（比主句级别低）改为用and、but连接改变句意。
5 and，but等转折、并列词不可轻易去掉。
6 同位语修饰紧邻名词的时候，也要注意是否make sense，同37 限定修饰词一般放在verb之后，eg surpassed only by sth8 注意Ving前面（或者说句子中）时间限定词影响，保证一致Eg now drawing XXXXX9 called XXX 修饰某人某物，紧跟noun修饰最好，不要用非限制。
10 不能随便增加语气词，例如should2 Concision1 it is…. that 与there be…..that 一样，一般是wordy的象征2 注意隐藏的redundant。
Eg rice production与harvest是同义表述。
3 one’s doing 即所有格+gerund 都是awkward典型，但是当出现在插入语中，需要简洁表述时，有可能是对的4 注意that从句中的it，还有直接SVO中it的指代，可能和that、S造成redundant5 recommend与should不能同时出现(命令虚拟)6 for doing;of doing大多数都是wordy的7 自己的看法：sth that are(is) XX 劣于adj sth 劣于用to连接（）access to waterEg water that is accessed ＜accessed water ＜access to water8 V AN模式 1 verb ＞adjective（or adverb）＞Noun2 that 通常比with好9 OG 57：that 放句首没有用形式主语it代替好；to be形式尽量用直接的is am are 代替；the fact 不能随意添加，有特例（by the fact that平行结构）注意：GMAT中的错误省略1 除了of 连接介词可以改：a wall of stone 变成a stone wall其他介词不可以省略：the women of china 不可以the china women2 time/quantit/measurement都要of3 reporting verb之后的that不能省，除了say(said)3 S-V agreement单数主语+verbs 复数主语+verb1 and与additive phrase 例如：as well as, along with.And使主语成为混合主语+ 复数；而as well as 不改变主语Eg Joe,as well as Tim, is still bla bla bla.2 either or；neither nor都存在时，单复数由距离verb最近的词决定只有either或neither出现，一定用singular.3 集合名词基本全用singular4 SANAM some any none all more/most 由后面单词决定Eg some of the money was……..Some of the documents were………..5 each、every在subject之前用单数，subject之后看情况eg They each are bla bla bla …..6 数量词：the number of/a number ofOf引导介短由名词决定eg half of the pie is ; half of the slices are…Majority/minority Eg the majority of XX are …The majority has ……4 parallelism1 一些词例如：was ving/can lose/ to increase 要求在平行结构中自动省略这些词2 大多数句子平行要求相同引导词，也有特例，待补充。
og语法总结
正确选项题号句子主干思路排除选项句型/习语D 1 主动 > 被动AB who so name > by whom they weresight 看见 sheer 垂直的glisten 反光2 指代错误 Mountain s ---> them / their AE主句被动句+ 后面分句也是被动句：分句--->主动句3 since ≠ because (强烈因果关系)CE主从句都为被动句：从句--->改为主动句Mountains sighted by JC, naming… --- naming的主语是Mountains (JC X)4 修饰对象错误 naming 修饰对象CMountains sighted by sb, naming …(sb不是主语)Mountainssighted by sb, who nameAlthough a surge …has raised hopes that … , many economists say that …1 主谓一致 a surge ---> Verb 单 + there be用法(Here:X)Athere be + 具体noun ( 抽象n. /动作性n. X）D 2 时态 主句say ---> 从句现在…时态BCE there being X3 being 的滥用BC4 awkward+wordy finally --->修饰 verb ABCE finally --->修饰 verbE Although …poets had professed …and had pretended to … , it was notuntil almost 1900 that scholars andcritics …began studying …1 从句 过去完成时 ---> 主句过去时(体现过去时间点)B强调句 it was not until almost1900 that2 修饰错误 not almost until 1900 X D almost 的位置不可改变强调句 3 精简Cprofess 声称 pretend 假装3修饰位置 until almost 1900ABC…, until almost 1900, … 可修饰前 or 后E… , perhaps none was moreconcentrated than the wave thatbrought …1 时态一致 brought ---> was ABCD比较结构中时态一致2 (check) perhaps > maybe ABD perhaps 可以用 perhaps > maybeperhaps > maybe both OK 3 (check) 习语 more than AB X is more than Y1Mountain s… , were sighted in1770 by … James Cook, who so234migration迁移 sweep 清扫 4 wordy CD it is none that is/was --- wordy it 有所指代X= it is clear that 句型A Diabetes, … with its … , ranks as… , surpassed only by ...1 主谓一致 its ---> ranks (单)BCDEonly 位置 (遵循原文) 修饰它直接后面的词Diabetes : 糖尿病 Hint ：its---> diabetes (单)2 only 位置 (遵循原文)BCEsurpassed only by … : only 修饰by ...Here : only 修饰 by ... X修饰surpassedonly surpassed by… : only 修饰surpassedcomplications 并发症 surpassed 被超过E In late 1997, the chamber s …were closed to visitors for cleaningand repair because moisture …had raised …such levels thatsalt …was crystallizing and fungus was1 用词 because > due to (1 因为2 预计)AB because > due to （双重意思）chamber 洞穴 exhale 呼出crystallize 结晶2 "=" and fungus was growing ---> sth was --ingBCD repair 可以作名词 for cleaning and repair repair : n & v 3 习语 so/such that ACD4 指代错误 its them X them 指代chambers (Xtourists)ABCDE As its sale s… have surpassedthose of … , the company hasbecome increasingly willing tocompete for … sale s it would inthe past have conceded to rivals1 the company ---> it ABconcede 退让2 修饰位置 in the past + 重复意思previouslyCDit would have conceded torivals in the past , 可修饰rivals 定语从句 concede sales to rivals作宾语，所以that可以省略it would in the past have concededto rivals, 只能修饰 concedeA… theory holds that theuniverse began … years ago andhas been expanding ever since.1 时态(标志词) yrs ago --->过去 ever since--->现完进行BCDE2 修饰错误CD 67845E Like the Brontes andBrownings, James Joyce andVirginia Woolf are subjected1 James Joyce and Virginia Woolf (人名）--->Like + 人ACLike : must be used to comparesimilar elementsthe Brontes and Brownings 家庭 2 As用法 As + 句子BDAs + 句子 (introduce a clausebut not a phrase)be subjected to 遭受遭遇veneration 尊敬 blur 难以区分be subjected to 遭受遭遇B mammals can endure … becausethey have …a network thatkeeps …from ...1 意思 (一种现象) --- > 一般现在时ACDEcarnivorous mammals 食肉动物lethal 致命的2 have (一般现在) ---> keeps ACDED There are …, but the most …methodhas been to form …bricks, and , …, to lay them...1 搭配+"=" the most ---> to do1 and to do2 ?ABC并列extensively 广泛地preliminary 初步的2 主动 > 被动ACE the way to build --->method toform and to lay3 which指代EE Rising inventori es, if notaccompanied by … , can lead1 主谓一致 inventories ---> lead (pl.)BD Rising inventories : X动名词短语, 是noun. Rising inventori es : X动名词短语日益增多的库存2 表达方式 Here： when从句难懂ABC not accompanied > unaccompanied主语rising 修饰 inventories --->Subject : inventories (pl.)3 词汇 corresponding ADcorresponding increases in sales> correspondinglyA A surge in… sales and a dropin … claims suggest that theeconomy might not be as weak as …analysts previously thought1 主谓 （判断S & V难）a surge and a drop --->Verb(pl.) 所以 Verb(pl. ) 不是 claims butsuggest ( suggesting X )BDEthe economy might not be as weak as …analysts previously thought主语主语不是claims 2 主动 > 被动CDEthe economy might not be as weakas …be previously thought byanalysts 被动X sth suggest that X+ 虚拟910111213sth suggest that X+ 虚拟A Sunspot s, …, are visible as …on ... but have never beensighted on the … poles or1 although 用法 Although + 句子CD visible <---> sighted2 逻辑意思BEsighted 看见 与 visible对应 3 介词用法 pole , equator ---> on ???BCD sighted on the poles or equator??E Warning that … , the NationalAcademy … has urged … torevamp … , institute …, and create …totake charge of ...1 “=” to revamp…, (to) institute…, --->and (to) verb原型ABC2 词汇 to :表目的BCD并列urge 力劝 revamp 更新，修补 institute 建立B Retail sales rose …,intensifying expectations thatpersonal spending … would more1 逻辑意思 + 时态 expectation ---> would ACD expectation ---> would2 精简CE expectation that … > expectation :look to the futurebut not yet realizedintensify 增强 3 精简 less clear and graceful than B DD The commission has directed …foods that do not containadditives , preservatives ,oranything that has been1 逻辑意思 do not contain ---> or ( and X)CEdo not contain additives ,preservatives ,or anything thathas been synthesizedB :food that do not … or thathas been … X 意思改变2 逻辑意思 not ---> anything (nothing X 双重否定）ACadditives添加剂preservatives防腐剂3 意思 (见左)BCPlants are more efficient thanfungi at acquiring carbon, inthe form of carbon dioxide, andconverting it to...1 逻辑意思 in the form of carbon dioxide 修饰前面carbon---> 所以要carbon 结尾的ABEPlants are more … than fungi(is)acquire 获得 2 "=" and converting ---> 前面 doing or be…DE are efficient and (are)converting Plants are more … than fungi(is)1718141516are efficient and (are)converting D The Iroquois were primarily …,although they supplemented their … with ... 1 逻辑意思contrast + supplement ---> and /but XABCE primarily <---> supplement 让步本句: contrast + supplement 让步从句2 时态 were ---> 过去时态 supplemented ABE and even though ≠ even though E Unlike the honeybee, theyellow jacket can sting … and 1 比较 the yellow jacket ---> 昆虫 属性一致BCD (as X) in contrast with / to2 用词不当A类比ANeuroscientists, having amassed …knowledge over the past 20years about the brain and its development from … to … , are 1 句子结构 谓语 1 amass or 2 drawBCD＋ing”2种情况：knowledge ---> conclusion 逻辑意思 draw 应为谓语 2 修饰对象DE 1逻辑主语为主句主语，表同时发生搞amass 积累 3 over the past 20 years ---> 现在完成(进行C2 修饰主句整个句子，表伴随结果4 now drawing (≠ have amassed ) ---> 不为状语or定语BCDE n, + ing(表n 的定语)，一般是混淆选项。
OG语法点速查
og代表OG12的题号，ng代表OG13的新题题号。
方便速查目录1.Agreement 一致 (1)I. Noun-verb agreement 主谓一致........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
II. Pronoun agreement 指代一致 .......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
2.Diction 措词 (7)3.Grammatical construction 语法结构 (13)I. Fragments 句子断裂 (13)II. Run-on sentences 独句混合 (14)III. 结构规则 (15)4.Idiom 惯用语 (25)5.Logical Predication 逻辑推断 (35)6.Parallelism 平型结构 (39)7.Rhetorical Coustruction 修辞结构 (45)8.Verb Form 动词形式 (49)时态 (49)情态动词 (52)主被动 (52)助动词 (52)语气(虚拟) (53)1.Agreement 一致I. Noun-verb agreement 主谓一致1.主语和谓语,单复数要一致：og1a；og12b；og13c；og27bce；og55d；og60ac；og66de；og68b；og78b；og80；og95a；og126b；og129a；og133a；ng7ad；ng107a2.完整句子必有谓语（被动不能少be动词），包括从句。
og13de；og18d；og19e；og21b；og23d；og45a；og48a；og56d；og98be；og108b; ng1ac；ng132a；3.定语从句谓语, 和先行词一致。
og33b；og103c；4.主系表的数都要一致。
托福语法OG(官方指南)
OG(官方指南)对托福写作在“语言运用”方面的要求是“appropriate word choices”和“a variety of sentence structures”，也就是“词汇能恰当传达意思就好，句式多样就好”。
换句话说，托福写作在词汇和句式上没有任何“高大上”的要求。
英语写作中最简单的句式共2种：一是“主(S.)+谓(V.)+宾(O.)”;二是“主(S.)+系(V.)+表(P.)”。
前者为根本，在此称之为英语句式之“魂”。
以公式表达的话，“魂”=“主+谓+宾”= N.(名词) + V.(动词) + N.(名词)，最少由3个单词组成。
比如说，Jack plays basketball。
但一篇300字以上的独立作文绝对不可能由100来句3个单词的句子构成。
所以，我们要帮“魂”进行“增肥”，也就是给它加内容。
那到底可以加哪些内容呢?在我认为，只须往里加4个词：名词(N.)、动词(V.)、形容词(Adj.)、副词(Adv.)。
五种基本句型：S+Vi, S+V+O, S+V+0+C, S+V+Oi+Od, S+LV+PSubject=主语Verbal phrase=谓语Object=宾语（Oi=间接宾语，Od=直接宾语）Complement=补语Predicative=表语S+Vi（主谓）Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.S+V+O（主谓宾）Media violence affect children’s mental health.Frequent physical punishment contri butes to a child’s later crimes.练习：由于他老师的推荐，他顺利地找到了一份好工作。
He smoothly found a good job for his teacher’s recommendation.性格因人而异。
GMAT_OG_语法考点大总结
整理的OG 10th的语法考点，希望能对预备考G的朋友们有所帮忙。
注：例句全为正确选项，多看看有利于培育语感。
GMAT OG(10th) Sentence Correction Sample Questions 1.The Waller stein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women till experience some of the effects of a divorce that occurred when they were children.考点：从句，一次性行为，与时刻相关；分词多次性行为，与具体时刻无关；when后面不能直接跟名词，when a child, when children都错。
黄金规那么15：作后置定语时，①定语从句表示一次性行为并与明确时刻有关；②分词短语强调动作的重复性和多次性，且通常与时刻无关。
2.Since 1981, when the farm depression （农业衰退）began, the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companies has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado.考点：主谓一致，the number of +复N+单V；from … to…固定搭配，不要用from…up to；同位语优先；无生命的事物通常没有所有格，如Coloardo’s size 错误。
3.Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.考点：平行结构，doing, doing, doing and doing;4.The only way for growers（种植者）to salvage（抢救）frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit.考点：简单句优先于并列句，并列句优先于复合句；the way +句子/in which+句子/to do sth（做情形的方式）；citrus后为is,因此指代要用it, 且能与growers区别开，幸免指代不明。
GMAT OG SC 各题考点
前后时态不符，后句时态词 不可省略。 有同义的名词，就不要用 动名词，尤其是在所有格 之后。
estimate to be… such…as 用于举例说明
顺序表达，不要倒叙，此 点上又让because占了上 风
ability of sb. to do sth. sth. seems to do… It seems that… It seems as if+ Clause
Q68 主谓遥远，要一致。
Q69 Q70 修饰词位置，now这个 副词要挨着它能修饰的 词
Q72
Q73
Q74
Q75
主语位置的代词，优先 指代对位主语。
Q78 主谓要make sense
代词指代清晰的问题， 在一个非常复杂的介宾 结构中，还是不要用代 词指代的好 介词+ing的逻辑主语问 题
Q79 Q80
Q43
Q47 Q48 Q49
bringing表结果状语
Q50
若介宾短语做状语，要 么提到句首，要么置于 动词之后。
Q52 Q54 Q55 Q56 V-ed一定就近修饰其前 面的名词，尤其关注C 选项
Q57 Q58
Q59
介宾短语置于句尾，不 是仅能做句子状语的， 有歧义~
Q60 主谓遥远，要一致。
Q62 Q64 Q65 Q67 宾语位置的代词，弱指 代。 such…as… 谓语动词跟 such后面的事物
限制性修饰，非限制性修 饰的对象问题
印证了一个语法点：对于 同样的从句，若从句主语 不同，that必须补出 1. 状语从句，省略主 语，要注意其是否省略正 确，逻辑主语是否和前句 是一个，可以省略。 2. 关于那个时间阶梯： After falling中after是个 介词，后面跟falling无问 题，动名词无问题。 After已表现出时间先后 感，故不必用after having done. 此题时间 阶梯的表现是第一个 have increased所表现， 其不同于一般现在时。如 果跟现在时在一起，它就 阶梯“从过去到现在”，如 果跟after这词在一起， 它就阶梯“一个动作是从 过去到现在，另一个在 after后面的动词，是过 去发生”
OG 12 语法总结
OG 12 语法总结probably not..., but more than likely...declare sth. adj.------- declare sth as adj Xeg. declare a minimum wage unconstitutional --------- declare a minimum wage as unconstitutional Xability to do...------- ability of doing Xinclude 指代对象单一，明显。
including / doing, 指代前面一句话或短语介like + 名词连as ＋句子not until almost----- not almost until Xdiabetes (是单数) ... rank sever since ... 用现在完成时although 连接句子，but不用eg. sunspots are visible as dark spots on the surface of the sun ( but have never been sighted on the the sun’s poles or equator ). 不用although替换but，后半句没有主语。
expectation ----- 注意后面跟would比较的时候注意后一句的修饰对象：eg: plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbondioxide(修饰carbon).plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than are fungi, in the form of... 修饰fungi X in contrast with x, yin contrast to x, yunlike x, y, doing ----- 不定式to do前没有逗号estimate to be... ----- estimate at Xthe same to x as to y...x happened so that y could happen...过去分词and 现在分词的平行。
OG语法重点汇总
OG语法重点汇总OG语法第三遍终于做完了，随手整理了一些OG中的重点（结合OG题后解释和XDF课堂的讲解），希望对大家有用，有错误的地方也请大家批评，哈哈。
下面的编号是与OG的题号一致的。
1.现在分词强调重复性；定语从句强调一次性2.①A of B结构中，A是中心词，谓语动词与A一致②the size of Colorado’s错③of用于没生命的对象（如国家United States of America）‘s用于有生命的对象（树没有生命）3. ①to do A, to do B, and to do C对to do A, do B, and do C对②情态动词可否省，亦看第二个③肯定句用and，否定句用or④仅有no/not代表否定句5. 句中出现any，要判断是否为语气词（强烈语气），若是，则要保留。
6. ①主语作宾语优先使用名词（在名词与Ving之间）所有格结构的宾语介词结构的宾语②try to do/t ry doing对try that/try and do 错7. ①n+that+be+adj错人+that+be+adj错9. ①believe thatbelieve sb/sth to be②that引导宾从不可省，引导定从可省③the infinitive “to be” is more appropriate that the limited present-tense “is” in referring to an event that occurred longago but have been discovered only recently.10. ①however表强烈语气，不能忽略②there be 表自然存在状态③语气词不能省11. ①分词结构（doing/done，介词+分词，连词+分词）的省略结构的逻辑主语是后面主句的主语②base/compare只用于被动语态12. ①同一句话中，相同的代词（可能不同格）必须指代相同的对象②代词先于主句出现，一般指主句主语，但在下句中则指代不清：New small business are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big business, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.13. ①soar, rise, raise, increase, grow 出现两个则语义重复②动词优于抽象名词③when rates means“prices charged”, it should be followed bu for.14.estimated to be15. ①原文中的情态动词要尽量保留（may）②without doing/sth③distinguish A from Bdistinguish between A and B④which引导的非限制性定语从句不是不能用，但要确保无歧义16.like/unlike A, B do要求A、B性质完全一样17. ①不光要判断选项本身的对错，还要把选项放到原文中判断其对错②过去完成时（had been）changes the original meaning (were)by suggesting that the Native Americans had previously ceased to be part of the widespread culture.18. ①主谓单复数一致，被修饰成分和修饰成分单复数一致②强调整体用all，强调个体用each（不能用every one）③all, each表强调语气，不能忽略19.比较结构中的尽量补出原则不一定是补助动词，只要无歧义就行20. ①so+adj>such+抽象名词②强调句正确选项往往是A，倒装句（强调句的一种）不能变为正常语序21. ①food allergies 食物过敏总称an allergy to sth 对某物过敏②先行词与主句主语要逻辑对称③attributes A(an effect)to B(a cause)A is attributed to B22. ①not…but结构要求时态、句式对称②not but>rather than>in stead of24. ①介词+名词>介词+动名词②whether or not 错25.规定仅规定分词与分词相对称，没有说现在分词不能与过去分词对称，判断的依据是动作的主语是动作发出者还是承受者26. ①of all表最高级②maybe错，因为太口语化27. ①In D, the phrase and published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively.②把原文的修饰成分变成主干，一般为错③being+n/adj一般为错28. ①continue不能用于进行时态、复合时态（例have been and will）②be to do/be going to do错，因为表主观色彩的将来③to表趋向，coming也表示趋向，所以into the coming month语义重复29. ①句中的some若表“大约”，则不能省②there be done错32.①在同一句话中，过去和现在的时态不能一起用，除了一般现在时的三种特例（客观事实、政府行为法令法规、科研成果或统计资料）②一般过去时改成过去完成时主要看是否出现表过去的过去的时间标志③时间状语的摆放要遵从愿意36. ①be native to somewhere②不同时态并不是一定不能在同一个句子中出现，关键是要符合句子的愿意、清楚地表达作者的意思。
OG中所有SAT语法固定搭配总结
OG中所有SAT语法固定搭配总结1. as +adj./adv.+as (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 6/06年1月)2. either…or… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 3/新OG Test 4)3. be grateful fordoing (老OGTest 1)4. sth. befamiliar to sb./sb. be familiar with sth.5. prevent …from doing (老OG Test 1/老OC Test 1/09年5月)6. discourage…from doing (老OG Test 1)7. keep…from doing (老OG Test 1)8. as much…as…(老OG Test 1)9. anappraisalof…. (老OGTest 1)10. be determined by (老OG Test 1)11. be identified by…as… (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)12. preoccupation with (老OG Test 1/新OG Test 4)13. count on (老OG Test 1)14. a determination to do (老OG Test 1)15. be prized for(老OGTest 1/新OCTest 1)16. think it +adj.+to do (新OG Test 1)17. neither…nor (新OG Test 1/新OG Test 2)18. be contrary to(新OGTest 1)19. at a distance (新OG Test 1)20. be capable ofdoing (新OGTest 1/老OCTest 3/05年10月/09年5月)21. long sinceforgotten (新OG Test 1)22. require sb. to do (新OG Test 1/05年3月/08年1月)23. be certifiedas (新OGTest 1)24. In addition to doing (新OG Test 2)25. a means of (新OGTest 2/06年1月)26. obsession with (新OG Test 2/新OC Test 1)27. arrive in/at (新OG Test 2)28. offers of (新OG Test 2)29. help sb. with (新OG Test 2)30. inauguration of (新OG Test 2)31. fight back to (新OG Test 3)32. differ from (新OG Test 3)33. gain the respect of (新OG Test 3)34. depend on…for (新OG Test 4)35. vote against (新OG Test 4)36. hope to do (新OG Test 4)37. be honored by…as…(新OG Test 4)38. account for (新OG Test 4/新OG Test 10)39. be absorbed in (新OG Test 4)40. use…to do (新OG Test 5/老OC Test 4)41. be sensitive to doing (新OG Test 5)42. keepsth. off (新OG Test 5)。
PREPOG13语法总结
1.句子残缺i.缺动词：2.固定搭配➢fail to do sth➢the method is to do sth➢In contrast with/to➢Help: help sb (to) do sth, Help( to) do, be helpful in (要注意)➢estimate用法✓estimate (that) （不需加原V）✓estimate + N + to be N(adj) (prep 2-51)✓estimate + N + at + 价格等数量词（估价）（除此概念以外优先用estimated to be表达）如：40 to 44 million years是时间概念，要用estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old.➢contrary to：一般接抽象名词(ideas, opinions, or actions)，在句首的时候不需要逻辑主语➢the same…as✓Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly throughthe water as to a person standing on land.➢seem的用法：✓seem to do sthIt seems that+从句It seems as if+从句➢debilitation 和debilitating区别：debilitation虚弱，乏力，debilitating使虚弱的➢advocate及物动词argue for➢the rivals x and y /the rivalry between X and Y➢be expended on/in sth➢enshrine通常用被动，enshrine in或者be enshrined in被动语态➢as well as有主次之分，A是主，B是次➢require的用法：✓required some time/sbto do sth, Require sb. doing…错误✓be required to do sth,✓require that sb(should) do sth✓require of sb that..(should) do..需要某人做某事✓require doing（require主动表被动含义）A require making known to B..➢rather/instead单独用时为副词，所以加句子，不能加不定式➢recommend的用法：1.推荐，推举，举荐；a)recommend sb. sth.=recommend sth. to sb. 给某人推荐b)recommend sb. for the job/post/position 给某人推荐岗位（工作）c)recommend sb. as +职务推荐某人做什么2.建议，劝告，忠告；【同advise用法一样】recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事recommend doing sth.建议做某事recommend ...that +主语+shoud(在GMAT中必须省略)+动词原形+其他【虚拟语气】ps:区别advise与suggest的用法没有suggest sb. to do sth. 其余的一样。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
OG语法第三遍终于做完了，随手整理了一些OG中的重点（结合OG题后解释和XDF课堂的讲解），希望对大家有用，有错误的地方也请大家批评，哈哈。
下面的编号是与OG的题号一致的。
1.现在分词强调重复性；定语从句强调一次性2.①A of B结构中，A是中心词，谓语动词与A一致②the size of Colorado’s错③of用于没生命的对象（如国家United States of America）‘s用于有生命的对象（树没有生命）3. ①to do A, to do B, and to do C对to do A, do B, and do C对②情态动词可否省，亦看第二个③肯定句用and，否定句用or④仅有no/not代表否定句5. 句中出现any，要判断是否为语气词（强烈语气），若是，则要保留。
6. ①主语作宾语优先使用名词（在名词与Ving之间）所有格结构的宾语介词结构的宾语②try to do/try doing对try that/try and do 错7. ①n+that+be+adj错人+that+be+adj错9. ①believe thatbelieve sb/sth to be②that引导宾从不可省，引导定从可省③the infinitive “to be” is more appropriate that the limited present-tense “is” in referring to an event that occurred long ago but have been discovered only recently.10. ①however表强烈语气，不能忽略②there be 表自然存在状态③语气词不能省11. ①分词结构（doing/done，介词+分词，连词+分词）的省略结构的逻辑主语是后面主句的主语②base/compare只用于被动语态12. ①同一句话中，相同的代词（可能不同格）必须指代相同的对象②代词先于主句出现，一般指主句主语，但在下句中则指代不清：New small business are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big business, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.13. ①soar, rise, raise, increase, grow 出现两个则语义重复②动词优于抽象名词③when rates means “prices charged”, it should be followed bu for.14.estimated to be15. ①原文中的情态动词要尽量保留（may）②without doing/sth③distinguish A from Bdistinguish between A and B④which引导的非限制性定语从句不是不能用，但要确保无歧义16.like/unlike A, B do要求A、B性质完全一样17. ①不光要判断选项本身的对错，还要把选项放到原文中判断其对错②过去完成时（had been）changes the original meaning (were)by suggesting that the Native Americans had previously ceased to be part of the widespread culture.18. ①主谓单复数一致，被修饰成分和修饰成分单复数一致②强调整体用all，强调个体用each（不能用every one）③all, each表强调语气，不能忽略19.比较结构中的尽量补出原则不一定是补助动词，只要无歧义就行20. ①so+adj>such+抽象名词②强调句正确选项往往是A，倒装句（强调句的一种）不能变为正常语序21. ①food allergies 食物过敏总称an allergy to sth 对某物过敏②先行词与主句主语要逻辑对称③attributes A(an effect)to B(a cause)A is attributed to B22. ①not…but结构要求时态、句式对称②not but>rather than>instead of24. ①介词+名词>介词+动名词②whether or not 错25.规定仅规定分词与分词相对称，没有说现在分词不能与过去分词对称，判断的依据是动作的主语是动作发出者还是承受者26. ①of all表最高级②maybe错，因为太口语化27. ①In D, the phrase and published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively.②把原文的修饰成分变成主干，一般为错③being+n/adj一般为错28. ①continue不能用于进行时态、复合时态（例have been and will）②be to do/be going to do错，因为表主观色彩的将来③to表趋向，coming也表示趋向，所以into the coming month语义重复29. ①句中的some若表“大约”，则不能省②there be done错32.①在同一句话中，过去和现在的时态不能一起用，除了一般现在时的三种特例（客观事实、政府行为法令法规、科研成果或统计资料）②一般过去时改成过去完成时主要看是否出现表过去的过去的时间标志③时间状语的摆放要遵从愿意36. ①be native to somewhere②不同时态并不是一定不能在同一个句子中出现，关键是要符合句子的愿意、清楚地表达作者的意思。
37.only, last, first的修饰对象不能变38.若考前文对划线部分的影响，，则正确答案的标志是新名词或doing，错误答案的标志为to do或which。
39. ①C选项中，分词充当状语表结果②动词不定式一定要有明确的动作发出者42. ①过去分词主要用来强调状态和结果（优先选）现在分词主要用来强调动作和过程②concerning错误的标志③worried about is preferable when describing a condition rather than an action.47. ①enough出现在选项中必错②用so…that, so…as to表enough的意思48.on account of/because of<because49. ①the pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause.②known to do>known as doing③在GMAT中，which不能指代整个前文，因为产生歧义。
51.not unlike表强调语气52. ①作主语优先用名词②because应引导一个句子，而不是其他54.the same…as…(a s前后要对称)55.用现在完成时的几种情况：since; 大段的时间概念（last, past***年）；the world has ever seen/than ever before possible57.the extent to which/to the extent that60.like+n或名词短语as+句子（包含助动词，助动词位置可前可后）61. ①require sb to do; require that; require of sb that（后两个用虚拟语气）②特指、泛指the A 特指 the A 泛指A 泛指 his A 特指63.be in danger of doing65.depict/represent/begin/regard/see/perceive/think of/be prized/be acclaimed+asconsider sth sth66.所有格结构宾语优先用名词67.A so as to B要求A、B逻辑主语一致、用于简单的句子结构so A that B可以不一致70. ①it is likely/liable thatlikely/liable to②an a severe disadvantage 处在一个非常不利的境地severely disadvantaged没有社会地位71. ①Mike comes and sits here.时间上有先后顺序Coming in, Mike sits here.错Sitting here, Mike comes in.错V1，V2要判断是否有先后顺序，还是一个是另一个的伴随状态②and前后动词要对称72.double作动词时是主动语态74.A as an instance of B76. ①n+of表限定；n+that表解释②need/importance/necessity ofe(to)/become/remain表动态过程，在原文中出现不能去掉或变成be动词83.it和one不能混合使用84.be to do错85.something/anything/nothing/things/sb/anybody/someone/no one要求形容词后置86.have sth done87. can/be able to>ability of sb to do>be capable of doing90.allow sb to do允许allow that承认91.D选项中的just是弱语气词，不能添加或删除92.as…as肯定语气not so …as否定语气93.原文中的情态动词（如can）要保留94.not only…but also 对称结构95. ①seem和like语义重复②原文中的like不能变成seem原文中的as不能变成as if96.过去分词表状态和结果99.动作性名词对称于动作性名词100. ①prohibit sb from doing不能加thatforbid to do不能加that②ing表重复性，that非限制性重句表一次性101.lower往往是错误答案，除了指人（fewer）外，都用less102. ①except连接前后性质相同的对象；except for连接前后性质不同的对象②with: I with…it错II跳跃修饰the diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian-vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity.103.such…as to错105.as…as; so …that 含义不同106.出现特指，其指代对象在前文中一定要出现过，否则不能用特指。