西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板.doc
陕西卷英语答题卡示范(可编辑)
陕西卷英语答题卡示范(可编辑)
第一部分：听力测试
请在下面的空格内填写你的个人信息：
- 姓名：
- 学校：
- 班级：
- 考试日期：
请按照听力试题的要求，在答题卡上填写你听到的内容。
每道题目后面都有足够的时间来填写答案。
第二部分：阅读理解
请在答题卡上填写你的答案。
每道题目只有一个正确答案，请选择最恰当的选项填写。
第三部分：完形填空
请根据短文的内容，在答题卡上选择最合适的选项，并填入相
应的字母。
第四部分：写作
请你在答题卡上按照要求完成写作任务。
确保你的作文结构合理，语法准确，词汇丰富。
请注意字数限制。
注意事项：
- 请你仔细阅读并理解每个题目的要求，确保准确无误地填写
答案。
- 在填写答案之前，请先在答题卡上填写个人信息，确保个人
信息的准确性。
- 请使用2B铅笔填写答题卡上的选择题部分，书写迹象要清晰可辨。
- 请使用黑色签字笔书写答题卡上的非选择题部分，字迹要清
晰工整。
- 请注意时间分配，合理安排答题时间，确保完成所有的题目。
祝你答题顺利，取得好成绩！。
西外外应题型
西外外应题型1. 任务概述本文将介绍西外外应题型，包括其定义、特点、应用场景以及相关的研究和发展动态。
2. 定义西外外应题型（Western Foreign Language Aptitude Test）是一种用于评估个体在学习西方外语方面的能力和潜力的测试工具。
它通过多种题型和评分标准来测量个体在听、说、读、写等方面的语言能力，以及其对语言学习的适应性和学习效果。
3. 特点西外外应题型具有以下特点：3.1 多样化的题型西外外应题型采用多种题型，包括选择题、填空题、阅读理解、听力理解等，以全面评估个体的语言能力。
这些题型涵盖了不同的语言技能，能够客观地反映个体的综合语言水平。
3.2 评估学习潜力除了评估个体已有的语言能力，西外外应题型还能够评估个体在学习外语方面的潜力。
通过测试个体的语言学习能力和适应性，可以为教育机构和个体提供有针对性的培养和辅导建议。
3.3 标准化评分西外外应题型采用标准化评分方法，确保评分的客观性和公正性。
评分标准明确，评分过程透明，可以提供可比较的结果，帮助个体进行语言能力的自我评估和对比。
4. 应用场景西外外应题型在以下场景中有广泛的应用：4.1 语言教育评估西外外应题型可以用于评估学生在学习西方外语方面的能力和水平。
教育机构可以根据测试结果，制定个性化的教学计划，提供针对性的教学辅导，帮助学生提高语言能力。
4.2 外语考试选拔西外外应题型可以作为外语考试的选拔工具，帮助选拔具有良好语言能力和学习潜力的候选人。
这对于需要外语能力的工作岗位、留学申请等有重要意义。
4.3 职业发展评估西外外应题型可以用于评估个体在职业发展中所需的外语能力和潜力。
通过测试结果，可以为个体提供职业发展规划和培训建议，提高个体在国际交流和跨文化沟通中的竞争力。
5. 研究和发展动态西外外应题型的研究和发展一直在不断进行中。
目前，一些研究机构和教育机构致力于改进测试内容和评估方法，以提高测试的准确性和可靠性。
西安外国语大学英语教育学院大二期末考试题精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版西安外国语大学英语教育学院大二期末考试题1、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out2、44．—Hi, Lucy. You ________ very beautiful in the new dress today.—Thank you very much. [单选题] *A．look(正确答案)B．watchC．look atD．see3、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel4、You should _______ fighting with your parents although you may have different ideas from time to time. [单选题] *A. suggestB. enjoyC. avoid(正确答案)D. practice5、The train is coming. Be ______! [单选题] *A. careful(正确答案)B. carefullyC. carelessD. care6、My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast. [单选题] *A. goesB. makesC. keeps(正确答案)D. gains7、14．He is cutting the apple ________ a knife. [单选题] *A．inB．toC．with(正确答案)D．by8、Bob is young, _______ he knows a lot. [单选题] *A. becauseB. soC. but(正确答案)D. unless9、She has no idea of what the book is about. She_______ have read it carefully. [单选题]*A. Can’t(正确答案)B. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t10、These plastics flowers look so_____that many people think they are real. [单选题] *A.beautifulC.natural(正确答案)D.similar11、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)12、I had _______ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /13、8．Turn right ________ Danba Road and walk ________ the road, then you will findMeilong Middle school. [单选题] *A．in...alongB．into...along (正确答案)C．in...on14、( ) What she is worried __ is ____ her daughter is always addicted to chatting online./; that [单选题] *A /; thatB of thatC about that(正确答案)D about what15、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)16、______ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived at the train station for a tour.（）[单选题] *A. FromB. ToC. InD. On(正确答案)17、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)18、Nick got out of bed and _______ a shower. [单选题] *A. practicedB. took(正确答案)C. didD. made19、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over20、What’s the point of going to school when I can’t do anything there? [单选题] *A. 时间B. 意义(正确答案)C. 方向D. 目标21、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision22、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself(正确答案)23、_____ to wait for hours,she brought along a book to read. [单选题] *A. ExpectedB. Expecting(正确答案)C. ExpectsD. To expect24、The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _______. [单选题] *A. herselfB. himself(正确答案)C. yourselfD. themselves25、______ visitors came to take photos of Hongyandong during the holiday. [单选题] *A. ThousandB. Thousand ofC. ThousandsD. Thousands of(正确答案)26、I repeated my question several times. [单选题] *A. 到达B. 惊奇C. 重复(正确答案)D. 返回27、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on28、He _______ maths. [单选题] *A. does well in(正确答案)B. good atC. is well inD. does well at29、--Mom, I will not eat fast food this year. Believe me.--If you make a _______, you must keep it. [单选题] *A. jokeB. noiseC. mistakeD. promise(正确答案)30、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)。
西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板.doc
西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板(2016-08-01)命制形式说明一、试题页面各科试题统一采用A4页面。
页边距统一采用系统默认的“普通边距”：上下页边距均为2.54厘米，左右页边距均为3.18厘米。
二、试题题头使用统一的考试试题题头，模板如下所示。
请勿修改题头模板中的字体、字号与基本格式。
1.每门课程考试试卷分为A卷与B卷，应在试题题头做明确标示。
“西安外国语大学考试试题（A）”字样采用三号黑体。
2.其他汉字内容用五号宋体，阿拉伯数字内容用五号Times New Roman字体。
3.注意填写内容的完整性，“院（部）”、“专业”、“课程”填写正式书面全称，不使用简称或缩略语，“专业”名称须按照教育部《普通高等学校本科专业目录》（2012版）填写，例如英语专业为“英语”（而不是“英语语言文学”）；“学年”按“2015- 2016学年第2 学期”、“班级”按“2015级1班”、“命题时间”按“2016.06.12”式样填写。
4.“命题教师”为1人以上的，用一个空格将前后教师姓名进行分隔。
5.可根据需要对各填写项所在行内的位置进行调整，但不要改变原题头模板的基本形制。
6.如果题头“课程：年级：命题时间：命题教师：”一栏确实不能在一行排列，请按照以下方式调整：课程：×××××年级：2015级1班命题时间：2016.06.12命题教师：××××××三、试题格式1. 字号字体格式除特别要求之外，试题内容的字号统一为5号字。
英文字体统一为Times New Roman字体，其中的汉语内容字体统一为宋体。
2. 行间距格式试题内容的行间距统一为单倍行距。
3. 试题各级序号格式（1）试题一级序号用小四号Times New Roman大写粗体加罗马数字（如I，II）表示，其后双击Tab 键隔开，后接考察部分名称（如VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR等字样）。
外国语学院英语试卷与评分标准编制规范
外国语学院英语试卷与评分标准编制规范1．英语试卷分别制作试题册与答题卷；答题卷、参考答案与评分标准书写要求与格式见附。
2．页面设置纸张大小16开（18.4×26厘米）；上、下、左、右页边距1.6厘米；装订线0；页脚：五号宋体；距边界0.8厘米；页脚格式设置“《×××》试题册第×页共×页”。
3．试题册首页单独制作，字体与格式要求见附。
4．试题册正文1）标题、正文字体一律用Times New Roman；段落行距：固定值19磅。
2）大标题字号：三号；加粗；括号说明分值小计。
例：Part I Listening Comprehension (35 points) 3）小标题字号：四号；加粗；括号说明分值小计与小题分值。
例：Section C Passages (10 points, 1 point each)4）做题指令：小四号；Directions加粗；指令用斜体；该指令段前间距0；段后间距1行。
例：Directions:You’re going to hear three short passage. Each will be read onlyonce. At the end of each passage you’ll hear some question. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.5）正文字号：小四号。
其中：选择题各小题的选择项用大写A．B．C．D．标识且须对齐；每小题选择项须置于同一页内。
填充题格式示例如下：The word “sport” first meant something that people did in their (11) . Later it often meant (12) wild animals and birds. About a (13) .years ago the word was first used for (14) games. This is the usual (15) .of the word today. People spend a lot of their time ……后附：试题册、答题卷、参考答案与评分标准样式（可直接拷贝）西昌学院考试试卷外国语学院20XX级本科英语专业《基础英语》期末考试试题册200X/200X第×学期B卷考生注意事项：1．考生务必在120分钟内完成答题。
西安外国语大学考试试题命制形式说明与模板(英语类)
西安外国语大学考试试题命制形式说明与模板（英语类）命制形式说明一、试题页面各科试题统一采用A4页面。
页边距统一采用系统默认的“普通边距”：上下页边距均为 2.54厘米，左右页边距均为 3.18厘米。
二、试题题头使用统一的考试试题题头，模板如下所示。
请勿修改题头模板中的字体、字号与基本格式。
西安外国语大学考试试题（A）编号：01310020388 2015-2016学年第 1 学期院（部）：英文学院专业：英语课程：基础英语Ⅰ年级：2015级命题时间：2016.06.12 命题教师：基础英语（I）教研室以上栏目由命题教师填写，下栏由考生填写姓名：学号：班级：其中：1. 每门课程考试试卷分为A卷与B卷，应在试题题头做明确标示。
“西安外国语大学考试试题（A）”字样采用三号黑体。
2. 其他汉字内容用五号宋体，阿拉伯数字内容用五号Times NewRoman字体。
3. 注意填写内容的完整性，“院（部）”、“专业”、“课程”填写正式书面全称，不使用简称或缩略语，“专业”名称须按照教育部《普通高等学校本科专业目录》（2012版）填写，例如英语专业为“英语”（而不是“英语语言文学”）；“学年”按“2015- 2016学年第 2 学期”、“班级”按“2015级1班”、“命题时间”按“2016.06.12”式样填写。
4.“命题教师”为1人以上的，用一个空格将前后教师姓名进行分隔。
5. 可根据需要对各填写项所在行内的位置进行调整，但不要改变原题头模板的基本形制。
6. 如果题头“课程：年级：命题时间：命题教师：”一栏确实不能在一行排列，请按照以下方式调整：课程：×××××年级：2015级1班命题时间：2016.06.12 命题教师：××××××三、试题格式1. 字号字体格式除特别要求之外，试题内容的字号统一为5号字。
西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板doc
西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板(2016-08-01)命制形式说明一、试题页面各科试题统一采用A4页面。
页边距统一采用系统默认的“普通边距”：上下页边距均为 2.54厘米，左右页边距均为3.18厘米。
二、试题题头使用统一的考试试题题头，模板如下所示。
请勿修改题头模板中的字体、字号与基本格式。
其中：1.每门课程考试试卷分为A 卷与B 卷，应在试题题头做明确标示。
“西安外国语大学考试试题（A ）”字样采用三号黑体。
2.其他汉字内容用五号宋体，阿拉伯数字内容用五号Times New Roman 字体。
3.注意填写内容的完整性，“院（部）”、“专业”、“课程”填写正式书面全称，不使用简称或缩略语，“专业”名称须按照教育部《普通高等学校本科专西安外国语大学考试试题（A ）编号：01310020388 2015-2016学年第 1 学期院（部）：英文学院专业：英语课程：基础英语Ⅰ年级：2015级1-5班命题时间：2016.06.12 命题教师：基础英语（I ）教研室以上栏目由命题教师填写，下栏由考生填写姓名：学号：班级：业目录》（2012版）填写，例如英语专业为“英语”（而不是“英语语言文学”）；“学年”按“2015- 2016学年第2 学期”、“班级”按“2015级1班”、“命题时间”按“2016.06.12”式样填写。
4.“命题教师”为1人以上的，用一个空格将前后教师姓名进行分隔。
5.可根据需要对各填写项所在行内的位置进行调整，但不要改变原题头模板的基本形制。
6.如果题头“课程：年级：命题时间：命题教师：”一栏确实不能在一行排列，请按照以下方式调整：课程：×××××年级：2015级1班命题时间：2016.06.12命题教师：××××××三、试题格式1. 字号字体格式除特别要求之外，试题内容的字号统一为5号字。
西安外国语大学考试试题(A卷) 编号：
西安外国语大学考试试题（A卷）编号:2007-2008学年第1学期院（系、部）：商学院专业：法学，国际贸易课程：国际商法班级：04级法学1，2班，04级国贸1－6班命题时间：2007.12.10 命题教师：郭霖以上栏目由命题教师填写，下栏由考生填写学号：姓名：系（院）：专业：班级：一、本部分为单项选择题，要求学生从四个备选的项目中选择最合适的一个。
本部分共10题，每题1分，共10分。
1．下列可以适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》以下简称（CISG）的合同有（）。
A．我国企业为产品外销而与外商签订的货物买卖合同B．国际工程承包合同C．国际技术许可协议D．股票承销协议2．根据 INCOTERMS 2000的规定，哪个国际贸易术语规定货物的风险自装运港货物超过船舷时从卖方转移给买方（）。
A．DDP （纽约）B．FOB （天津）C．FCA （纽约）D．FAS （天津）3．下面关于FCA贸易术语表述中不正确的有（）；A．该术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运；B．如卖方在其货物所在地交货，卖方应负责装货，如卖方在任何其它地点交货，卖方不负责卸货；C．如卖方在其货物所在地交货，卖方不负责装货，如卖方在任何其它地点交货，卖方负责卸货；D．若买方指定承运人以外的人领取货物，则当卖方将货物交给此人时，即视为已履行了交货义务。
4．长城有限责任公司的下属分公司以自己的名义对外签订的合同，其法律效力：() A．无效B．有效，其责任由分公司独立承担C．有效，其责任由长城有限责任公司承担D．有效，其责任由分公司承担，长城有限责任公司负连带责任5．王某是甲有限责任公司的董事，该公司主要经营汽车销售业务。
任职期间，王某代理乙公司从外地采购5辆汽车并将其销售给丙公司。
甲公司得知这一情况后提出异议。
本案应()处理。
A．王某的行为是自己工作时间以外的行为，与甲公司无关B．王某违反竞业禁止义务，其代理乙公司与丙公司签订的销售合同无效，采购的汽车甲公司有优先购买权C．王某违反竞业禁止义务，但这并不影响其代理乙公司与丙公司签订的销售合同的效力，因该销售行为所获得的收益应当归甲公司所有D．王某违反竞业禁止义务，但这并不影响其代理乙公司与丙公司签订的销售合同的效力。
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试卷及答案
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn the 1994 filmForrest Gump, there’s a famous saying, “Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re gonna get.” The surprise is part of the fun. Now blind box toys are bringing the magic of surprise to online shopping.A blind box toy is hidden inside uniform packaging but invisible from the outside. You don’t know what will be inside, although the toys typically come from pop culture, ranging from movies to comics and cartoons.Blind boxes have caught on since they were first introduced fromJapantoChinain 2014. According to a 2019 Tmall report, the mini-series of Labubu blind box, designed byHong Kong-born Kasing Lung, was named Champion of Unit Sales with 55,000 sold in just 9 seconds during the Singles Day shopping event. Most customers for blind boxes are young people aged 18 to 35.According to The Paper, blind box toys are popular in part because of their cute appearances. The typically cute cartoon figurines come in miniature sizes, making them suitable for display almost anywhere.Even if blind boxes are not their top choice for decorations, the mystery and uncertainty of the process also attracts people. It’s the main reason why people buy blind boxes one after another.“Fear of the unknown is always a part of the box-opening process,” said Miss Cao, 24, who lives and works inShenyang. Speaking to Sina News, she said: “Until you open all the boxes, you cannot know what it is inside.”Opening a blind box is a delightful little surprise for our mundane daily lives, something small but fun to wait for each day, week or month. When people open this simple little box, they may be disappointed, but the uncertainty is part of the fun. People will open more blind boxes and hope for a better outcome.When someone re-makesForrest Gump, don't be surprised if he says, “Life is like a blind box...”1. Why is the famous saying in the filmForrest Gumpquoted at the beginning?A. To arouse the readers’ interest.B. To present the writer’s view.C. To introduce the topic.D. To highlight the fun of blind boxes.2. Which of the following is the main feature that makes blind box so popular?A. Miniature sizes.B. Cute appearances.C. Fear of the unknown.D. Mystery and uncertainty.3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Blind box became popular in 2019 after being first introduced fromJapantoChina.B. Blind box toys typically originated in pop culture, varying from movies to cartoons.C. Blind box toys was designed and named by Hong Kong-born Kasing Lung.D. When people open this simple little box, they will feel disappointed.BThe World Wildlife Fund (WWF) says more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost, whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet at risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report. The group warns the condition of the world's animals is worse than its earlier reports showed, indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth’s environment. The report provides information about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010. These populations are called “vertebrate species,” or animals with backbones — like fish, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years. It warns freshwater species have fallen by 76 percent, which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species. Most of these losses are in the tropics, with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini, the WWF’s International Director-General said, “This is about losing natural habitats. This is aboutconvertingforests, grasslands, and wetlands into agriculture mainly, and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife. Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years, which definitely a driving force for extinction, particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the world’s “Ecological Footprint”, that is, the effect of human activities on the planet. Mr. Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture, which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalent of about 1.5, one and a half times the resources available to the planet. That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored. We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce, and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actually absorb, which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr. Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.4. According to the passage, what kind of species faces the biggest drop in population?A. Land and ocean species.B. Animals with backbones.C. Freshwater species inLatin America.D. Freshwater species in the tropics.5. All the following can contribute to the loss of world’s wildlife population EXCEPT ________.A. turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B. making sustainable use of wildlife.C. hunting illegally.D. emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.6. Which does the underlined word “converting” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Conserving.B. Conveying.C. Exchanging.D. Transforming.7. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. Marco is much concerned about human’s current behaviors towards wildlife.B. what the planet provides now can satisfy human’s sustainable development.C. more than half of the world’s wildlife population has been lost.D. if humans reduce the effects on the climate, the whole species will not disappear.COn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.8. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.9. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.10. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.11. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.DHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nationsfrom unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral12. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie13. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around14. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards15. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
西外外应题型
西外外应题型（原创实用版）目录一、西外外应题型概述二、西外外应题型分类及特点1.听力理解题2.词汇与语法题3.阅读理解题4.完形填空题5.写作题三、应对西外外应题型的策略与建议正文一、西外外应题型概述西外外应题型，即西方外语考试题型，主要指的是针对非英语国家的人士进行的英语水平测试，如托福（TOEFL）、雅思（IELTS）等考试的题型。
这类题型旨在全面评估考生的英语能力，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。
对于中国考生来说，熟悉并掌握西外外应题型，有助于提高英语水平，顺利完成留学、移民等计划。
二、西外外应题型分类及特点1.听力理解题听力理解题主要测试考生的英语听力能力，包括对话、短文及问题。
这类题目要求考生在听懂内容的基础上，准确回答问题。
对于中国考生来说，提高听力水平需要大量的实践和训练，包括听力材料的选择、听力技巧的掌握等。
2.词汇与语法题词汇与语法题主要测试考生的英语词汇和语法知识。
这类题目包括选择题、填空题等形式，要求考生掌握英语的基本语法规则和常用词汇。
对于中国考生来说，提高词汇与语法水平需要系统地学习英语语法，积累词汇，并通过实践巩固所学知识。
3.阅读理解题阅读理解题主要测试考生的英语阅读能力，包括阅读文章及回答问题。
这类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，准确回答问题。
对于中国考生来说，提高阅读水平需要大量的阅读实践，同时要掌握阅读策略和技巧，提高阅读效率。
4.完形填空题完形填空题主要测试考生的语言运用能力，包括词汇、语法等方面。
这类题目要求考生根据文章的意思和上下文，选择最佳选项填入文中。
对于中国考生来说，提高完形填空题的解题能力需要积累词汇，掌握语法，同时要注意文章的整体结构和逻辑关系。
5.写作题写作题主要测试考生的英语写作能力，包括书面表达和论证能力。
这类题目要求考生根据题目要求，完成一篇文章。
对于中国考生来说，提高写作水平需要大量的写作实践，同时要掌握写作技巧和方法，提高写作质量。
三、应对西外外应题型的策略与建议1.全面提高英语能力，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。
西安外国语学院06外国语言学综合真题
欲索取更多考研资料，请上北京天问教育网站官网！西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目名称：外国语言学综合（英语语言学433+翻译理论与实践434）（请考生将所有答案写在答题纸上，并标清题号）PART ONEDirections: Select from the lettered choices the one which best completes the statement. (选择题，每题1分，共20分)1. By _____ we mean language is resourceful because of its duality andrecursiveness.a. arbitrarinessb. dualityc. creativityd. displacement2. The most important sociological use of language is the ______ function, by whichpeople establish and maintain their status in a society.a. performativeb. interpersonalc. phaticd. metalingual3. ____ refers to the system of a language, i.e. the arrangement of sounds and wordswhich speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of.a. Langueb. Competencec. Communicative competenced. Linguistic potential4. _____ deals with the way in which speech sounds are produced.a. Acoustic phoneticsb. Articulatory phoneticsc. Segmental phonologyd. Suprasegmental phonology5. The vowel ____ is a low back vowel.a. /i:/b. /u/c. /ae/d. /a:/6. ____ refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, ornumber.a. Affixationb. Inflectionc. Derivationd. Conjugation7. Words like brunch, guesstimate are examples of _____.a. acronymsb. contractionsc. blendsd. cohyponyms8. Language has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguisticaspects except that of ______.a. phonologyb. lexiconc. syntaxd. semantics9. _____ refer to the relationship that linguistic units have with other units becausethey may occur together in a sentence.a. Syntagmatic relationsb. Hypotactic relationsc. paradigmatic relationsd. Paratactic relations10. For structuralists, ______ is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent tothat of one or more of its constituents.a. coordinate constructionb. subordinate constructionc. endocentric constructiond. exocentric construction11. The sentence “I dislike such people” can be considered to be ___.a. markedb. unmarkedc. topic prominentd. content prominent12. Transformational component is one of the components in all the Chomskianmodels of language except the ____ model.a. 1965b. 1972c. 1979d. 199513. According to C. Ogden and I. Richards, ____ is regarded as the crucialintermediary between ______ and ______.a. symbol … referent … thoughtb. referent … thought … symbolc. thought … symbol … referent14. By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ALIVE(x))) is an explanation of______.a. dieb.deadc. killd. killed15. ____ is using a sentence to perform a function.a. A perlocutionary actb. An illocutionary actc. A locutionary actd. Speech act16. According to the conversational maxim of ____ suggested by Grice, one shouldspeak truthfully.a. quantityb. qualityc. relevanced. manner17. ____ is a figurative use of language which implies a comparison between twounlike elements.a. Simileb. Metaphorc. Metonymyd. Synecdoche18. The ____ is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms ofspeech acts together with the language items needed for them.a. structural syllabusb. situational syllabusc. notional syllabusd. functional syllabus19. ____ measure how much of a language someone has learned with reference to aparticular program of instruction.a. Aptitude testsb. Achievement testsc. Placement testsd. Proficiency tests20 According to _______ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the humanlanguage faculty.a. Saussure’sb. Bloomfield’sc. Chomsky’sd. Halliday’sPART TWODirections: Define the following terms. (术语解释，每题6分，共30分)1.Metalanguage2.Textual function3.Schemata4.Foregrounding5.CALLPART THREEDirections: Answer four of the following questions. (选择4个题回答，每题15分，共60分)1.What are suprasegmental features?2.What is meant by Move a in Universal Grammar?3.What are the major types of synonyms?4.What is register as used in Functional Grammar?5.What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?6.What is meant by the Critical Period Hypothesis?Directions: Comment on any two of the following topics. (选择2个题论述，每题20分，共40分)1.Definitions of language.2.The relationship between language and culture.3.The role of native language in second language learning.Answer each of the following questions briefly. (60 points)1.What are the principles of translation proposed by Alexander F. Tytler?2.What does the unit of translation refer to? How is it relevant to translation practice?3.How do you understand literal translation and free translation?e two examples to show the syntactic (structural) differences between Chinese andEnglish.5.“Kill two birds with one stone”is generally translated into “一石二鸟”, “一箭双雕”or“一举两得”. What is the basic line of thought underlying each translation?6.What methods are often used to deal with English pronouns in the process ofEnglish-Chinese translation?7.What are the conditions that may affect the selection of active and passive forms inChinese-English translation?8.Based on the following SL sentence, make critical comments on the Chinese version interms of semantic relations.SL: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.TL: 有一个举世公认的道理，即一个有钱的单身汉总想娶位太太。
陕西省西安市外国语学校2022年高三英语模拟试卷含解析
陕西省西安市外国语学校2022年高三英语模拟试卷含解析一、选择题1. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ inpersonality.A. contactB. contrastC. connectionD. conflict参考答案：D2. to hide ,the thief was caught by the students.A. There being nowhereB. There was nowhereC. There is nowhereD. There nowhere参考答案：A略3. It was only after all his debts were discovered that everyone knew the great financier also had________.A. green fingersB. feet of clayC. the salt of the earthD. cool cucumbers参考答案：B【详解】考查俗语辨析。
A. green fingers 园艺能手； B. feet of clay 内在缺陷，致命缺点；C. the salt of earth 诚实正直的人； D. cool cucumbers 冷静镇定；句意：直到他的债务被发现的时候，人们才明白原来伟大的金融家也有缺点。
故B项正确。
4. — We thought he would have got the job.— What a pity! He ______too nervous when interviewed.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. would have been参考答案：A5. It is a simple idea, but is hard to put into practice.A. one thatB.the one whichC.thatD.which参考答案：A6. It’s said that the power plant is now___ large as what it was.A. twice asB. as twiceC. twice muchD. much twice参考答案：A7. Jane laughs loudly and laughs a lot, which enables us to know her coming before she ______.A. turns upB. turns aroundC. turns backD. turns away参考答案：A【考查方向】考查动词短语的用法。
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABook reading is certainly one of the most absorbing habits. For young adults who love to read, finding some good books to read is very essential. Writing a book review can help you to improve your language and writing skills.The Book ThiefListed onThe New York Times Children’s Best Seller List for over 100 weeks, The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is the story of a young girl in the Nazi camps set during World War II. So, if you love history and wish to learn how the life was during Adolf Hitler’s time, read this historic book.The Diary of Young GirlEven Anne Frank can not have imagined that her personal diary written during World War II would become such a popular book. It’s a must read that describes the situation of a family in the evils of wars through the eyes of a teenager.Animal FarmAnimal Farm is one of the most popular books by George Orwell. It is just a reflection of the Stalin and World War II period that has been so creatively presented in this book. It is an interesting example of how literature can be used to present conditions common in the society.Adventures of Huckleberry FinnMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the great American novels in history, and is certainly a great pick for young adults. Young Huck Finn and his mischief along with the color1 ful description of people around theMississippi Rivermake this novel a great book to read.1.Which book describes the author’s own experiences according to this passage?A.The Book ThiefB.The Diary of Young GirlC.Animal FarmD.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2.What do the first three books have in common?A.All of them are about wars.B.All of them are about farms.C.All of them are intended for history lovers.D.All of them were written during World War II.3.The purpose of this passage is to _________.A.instruct youngsters how to improve skillsB.tell youngsters some wonderful reading habitsC.introduce several good books to youngstersD.give youngsters advice on writing a book reviewBEven plant can run a fever，especially when they're under attack by insects or disease．But unlike human，plants can have their temperature taken from 3，000 feet away straight up．A decade ago，adopting the infrared （红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick wayto take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress．The goal was to let farmers precisely（精确的）target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field，which always includes plants that don't have pest problems．Evenbetter，Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye．Fixed on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat sent out by crops．The data were transformed into a color﹣coded map showing where plants were running "fevers"．Farmers could then spot﹣spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide that they otherwise would．The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years．Farmers resisted thenew technology and long﹣term supporters were hard to find．But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce and refinements（改进）in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to get back into operation．Agriculture experts have no doubt that the technology works．"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，" says George Oerther of Texas A& M，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade．But only if Paley finds the financial support which he failed to obtain 10years ago．4. Plants will give out an increased amount of heat when they are ．A. facing an infrared scannerB. sprayed with pesticidesC. exposed to extreme sun raysD. inpoor physical condition5. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely，we can use infrared scanning to ．A draw a color1﹣coded mapB evaluate the damage to the cropsC. locate the problem areaD. measure the size of the affected area6. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties of ．A. the lack of official supportB. its high costC. the lack of financial supportD. its failure to help increase production7. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ．A. full support from agricultural expertsB. the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureC. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceD. growing concern about the over use of pesticides on cropsCContrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition, new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.The research, led by Dr Rocio, studied adult and seedling (幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain. Dr Rocio said, “If you're a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill, for example-and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant, your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own. What we have found, which was surprising, is an established large plant, called a ‘nurse’, protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.”Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment. For example, vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area, in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals.“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性),” Dr Rocio said. “The more biodiversean area, the greater number of species of plants, insect life, mammals and birds, and the better thechances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems. ” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments.The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments. Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth, but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places.8. What is a common understanding of plants?A. They can help each other.B. They can survive ill conditions.C. They compete with each other.D. They grow well on their own.9. What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants?A. They will produce more flowers.B. They will die owing to competition.C. They will make adult plants larger.D. They will get support from adult plants.10. What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership?A. It leads to unfavorable environments.B. It produces long-term healthy chances.C. It attracts higher and larger pollinators.D It provides a more variety of plant types.11. Who will benefit from the new research?A. People studying organic farming.B. People protecting plants on sand hills.C. People wanting to change biodiversity.D. People keeping more animals on the farm.DYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move ontheir own, “The art form amazes me, because it combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft byhimself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency in Beijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are many more creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.13. Why did Yu quit his job in Beijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family in Chengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.14. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.15. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
西安外国语大学翻译硕士考试试题
西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。
3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的姓名和准考证号码。
4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。
5. 本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。
6. 考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。
Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragr aph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语三模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BWe have most friends at the age of 26 afterhaving spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, new research has claimed.The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference."Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% todrift away fromchildhood friends.With growing pressure being put on friendship these days, it's important to make time for our friendship.4. How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?A. 22.B. 18.C. 12.D. 4.5. In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________.A. how important making friends isB. school time is an important period to develop friendshipC. how much has been done to keep friendshipD. that friendship is not easy to keep6. The underlined phrase "drift away from" in Paragraph 6 means ________.A. make sense ofB. make up withC. feel sorry forD. lose touch with7. This passage is mostprobably taken from ________.A. a newspaperB. an advertisementC. a textbookD. Facebook or TwitterCAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species of ocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” the reporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.8. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.9. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.10. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.11. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In DeclineDFor as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn't attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn't last long.I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—selfimprovement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is nottrue. After a lot of selfreflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of selfhatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck's back.12. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?A. She could change her weight at will.B. She had different beauty standards from others.C. She tried to love others to build her confidence.D. She was greatly influenced by others' opinions.13. Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”?A. She was poorly disciplined.B. She failed to celebrate “skinny”．C. She was labelled as lazy for her weight.D. She put on more weight after entering adulthood.14. What caused the author to make a change?A. Her lighter body.B. A troublesome illness.C. Popular beauty standards.D. Others' critical comments.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Beauty matters.B. Opinions vary.C. Worth your weight.D. Beyond your limits.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.BOne day about eight years ago in the departure lounge (休息室) of a flight from New York's LaGuardia airport to O'Hare in Chicago, I found a young boy in tears and his mother at his side also appeared upset, I walked to them and invited them to our VIP lounge.As it turned out, the boy, Miles and his mom were returning to their home in Kansas City. Miles has had some health problems. Though he had received more than thirty operations in a Jewish Hospital in New York, he would be back for more.Miles enjoyed spending his time in our VIP lounge looking at the entire wall filled with the pictures of many celebrities (名人) who often came to our office. We soon added Miles' picture to the wall among those celebrities.Among the celebrities, Miles like the country singer Garth Brooks best. Miles would just sit and stare at Garth's picture,Oneday, Mr. Brooks was waiting in the lounge for his flight. As he looked at the collection of photographs, Garth asked about the youngster with the big smile. We told him about Miles. We also told him how much Miles loved and respected (尊重) him. He nodded and left.About six months later, Garth was going to be performing in Kansas City and he asked our workers to help him get in touch with the family. He wanted Miles to be his guest. That evening, not only did Miles sit in the front row, but he and Garth also had a private meeting after the performance.Although Miles would receive many more treatments after that special evening, his smile greeted us with every following visit. The face of a sick boy was changed by the joy of a stranger.4. What does the author probably do?A. A worker at an airport.B. A killed photographer.C. A country music singer.D. A doctor in a Jewish hospital.5. What did Miles enjoy doing in the VIP lounge?A. Interviewing celebrities he saw there.B. Seeing pictures of celebrities on the wall.C. Drawing pictures of the celebrities there.D. Singing together with his favorite singer.6. Which words can best describe Garth Brooks?A. Determined and generous.B. Proud and selfish.C. Kind and helpful.D. Powerful and rich.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Importance of Good ServiceB. Kindness from StrangersC. A Serious Health ProblemD. A Helpless MotherCI once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans.” I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.InChina, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the “thousand talent scheme.” this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries aboutChina's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.At last, forChina, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.8. Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.B. Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.D. Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.9. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.10. We can infer form the passage that ________.A. China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.B. high pay may not solve the problem ofChina's research environment.C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.11. Which is the best title for the passage?A Look for a new way of learning B. Reward creative thinkingC. How to become a creatorD. Establish a technical environmentDWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.12. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.13. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.14. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.15. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年西安外国语学校高三英语下学期期末考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APlan Your Visit to the British MuseumWe've made a few changes to ensure you can safely enjoy your visit:How to book tickets·Tickets for the permanent collection can only be hooked online in advance.·To book tickets for exhibitions, visit our exhibition pages. If you want to guarantee your visit to the permanent collection as well as the exhibition on your visit, you will need to book a separate ticket.·We are limiting numbers of people in the museum to ensure there is room for you to safely enjoy your visit. Everyone, including members and volunteers, will therefore need to book a free, timed ticket in advance.Important information about your ticket booking·You can book up to six tickets for people who live in the same family.·We will email yourticket to you, and you will need to show it either printed out or on your device (设备) when you arrive.·Please arrive at the time stated on your ticket-we cannot guarantee admission before or after it.Following the routeWe have created a new one-way route through the museum which will allow you to safely explore world cultures from the Mediterranean to the Middle East and from the Americas to Africa.·View a map of the route (Open in a new window).·Our audio guides (音频指南) are not available. However, youcan pay to download the audio introductions from iTunes (Open in a new window) or Google Play (Open in a new window) to each of the galleries and listen on your own device. Please remember to bring along your own headphones.1.Why does the museum offer timed tickets?A.To earn more money.B.To hire more volunteers.C.To save room for collections.D.To control the number of visitors.2.How can a visitor learn about the new route in advance?A.View an online map.B.Buy a new headphone.C.Buy audio guides from the museum.D.Download video introductions from iTunes.3.Where can you probably find the text?A.In a newspaper.B.In a magazine.C.On a website.D.In a report.BSlowing down was the last thing on Elaine Schaefer's mind when she turned 70 last year. She'd enjoyed an ambitious travel schedule for the previous decade. She didn't feel too old to travel.Yet many people are asking that slightly embarrassing question: Can you be too old to travel? The travel industry has already responded. Try renting a car inEurope, for example. InCroatia, Schaefer wouldn't be able to this year, because the maximum age is 70. Insurance companies require higher rates; tour operators limit certain activities. That feels like a " no" for many travelers.Definitely some folks should think twice before traveling, but not only based on their age. It's their level of fitness, says Kirsten Veldman, a former tour guide who now edits a retirement blog. She recalls a 93-year-old who was disabled and traveling alone on aCaribbeantour. "You can't expect to ask a tour leader to be there for you 24/7 for medical care. " she says. "Tour guides don't have the time, skills, and knowledge for it. So, in this case, my advice is: he shouldn't have traveled with us in this situation. "But some tour operators serve older travelers. For example, Grand Circle Travel started in 1958 to serve senior members. “We have travelers into their 80s and even 90s. Some travel as a couple and some alone,” says company spokeswoman Ann Shannon. “We have no age limit.”If you ask travel experts, they'll tell you that age is just a number. It's a question of physical, and to a certain extent, mental ability. "Many of our travelers are retired, focused on keeping their good health, and are experienced travelers who have a good idea of what to expect, "says Sara Baer-Sinnott, president of Oldways, a food and nutrition nonprofit that operates tours. "Someone in their 40's may struggle more than someone in their 80s. "4. What is expected if Schaefer travels inCroatiathis year?A. She can rent a car to go around.B. She has to pay more insurance fees.C. She can join in all kinds of activities.D. She will receive 24/7 medical care.5. What caused Veldman to disapprove of the 93-year-old's traveling?A. His old age.B. His lack of money.C. His poor health.D. His in sociable personality.6. What do we know about Grand Circle Travel?A. It is a non-profit traveling organization.B. It offers service to a wide range of travelers.C. It has a history of more than seven decades.D. Its main customers are senior travelers.7. What is the authors altitude towards traveling old?A. Opposed.B. Supportive.C. Tolerant.D. Objective.CHaley Curfman, 25, of Blackwell, Oklahoma, is a teacher at Blackwell Public School and last yearshe bought a plain(朴素的) white dress, which she set up a station in her classroom for her students to decorate, encouraging them to go and draw on the dress whenever they had free time. Haley set up a station at a table with the dress and some color1 ed markers so that her students could draw on it, having first seen the idea on Pinterest.After the kids had finished the design, she then surprised them all by wearing the dress to class, sharing pictures of herself in it on Facebook in a post that has since been shared over 200, 000 times.For teachers looking to do something similar for their own students, Haley said that she bought the dress off Amazon for less than $ 20 about six months ago and pre-washed the dress before she started the project. She used markers from Walmart. But she said these things can be bought in other places. She said, “To do the project, I set up a station at a table with the dress and markers. It takes anywhere from two weeks to a month to complete as we just work on it here and there when time allows. You'd better give the students enough time so they don't have to hurry.”“Teachers have been sharing their dresses, T-shirts, etc. with me that they've been creating since the 1950s with the same idea. It is amazing, and I love the fact that you are sharing them with me! Thank you all so much for your kindness and support,” she wrote on Facebook.Asked why she came up with the idea, Haley told Scary Mommy. “We don't have art in our school, so, I always try to do little creative projects when possible.”8. What did Haley use the plain white dress to do?A. To teach her students painting.B. To prepare for her presentation.C. To ask her students to draw on it.D. To help her students with their homework.9. What do we know about the finished dress?A. It took Haley by surprise.B. It is kept by Haley at home.C. It is the product of a new idea.D. It has enjoyed popularity online.10. What should a teacher do if he or she wants to follow Haley's example?A. Buy the same dress online.B. Give the kids enough time.C. Buy the same markers in Walmart.D. Leave the finished work untouched.11. Why did Haley carry out the project?A. To teach art to her students.B. To show her idea on Pinterest.C. To share it with other teachers.D. To exciteher students' creativity.DOn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown inover 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.12. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.13. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.14. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语三模试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年西安外国语学校高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMy wife Hilary andI were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!" An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. Thebear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew 1 would not be able to hold it for long.Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards-the forest,before returning for another attack the first time I felt panic.Obviously satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1. How did the writer feel when faced with the brown bear?A. Fearful but confident.B. Nervous but brave.C. Upset but determined.D. Awful but hopeful.2. The bear finally went away after itA. got injuredB. felt safeC. found some foodD. took away the camera3. What does the author want to tell us?A. We should keep calm when troubles comeB. We should rise to the challenge when faced with difficulties.C. We should not risk ourselves in some dangerous areas.D. We should learn to take advantage of anything at hand when in trouble.BMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.4. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous5. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition6. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.7. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesCA single toy catches a child's attention for a limited period of time, but a box of items that allows a child to build their own toys will catch their imagination for years to come. This brilliant idea already exists in real product form, and it's called Toyi.Toyi is described as an eco-friendly creative building kit, and it recently won the well-known IF Design Award. It came from Istanbul, Turkish, where a young female designer named Elif Atmaca first came up with the idea for it when she wanted to help the kids living in disadvantaged areas. These children do not have access to the variety of interesting toys that wealthier children do.Toyi Atmaca's design allows children to transform what are around them into clever toys. It consists of sticks, junction parts, flexible connectors, toy body parts like feet, eyes, hands, and wheels that can be used to turn old water bottles, cups, boxes, towels, etc. into cute, clever, and unique playthings. This toy kit upcycles(升级利用) materials that would otherwise go to waste, turning a recycling bin into a treasure container.“Our initial target was to deliver Toyi kits to only disadvantaged children in Turkish,” Atmaca told the media. But during a research conducted with around300 children, .she realized that the restriction on being creative went beyond any boundary. “I saw that everything was planned and shaped by grown-ups, blocking the kids' imagination in a significant way,” said Atmaca.Atmaca concluded that each kid needed space where he or she could freely create. She explained the entire process should be left to kids’ creativity, reminding teachers and all grown-ups that child-led play was an excellent way for children to develop lifelong skills.Toyi's creators are now considering distributing the kits to as many children as possible around the world through different international NGOs. Atmaca notes that for each Toyi kit sold out, they will also donate one kit toa disadvantaged child through different partnerships around the world.8. Why did Atmaca design Toyi at first?A. To win the famous IF Design Award.B. To help poor kids make their own toys.C. To protect the environment in Istanbul.D. To recycle all the waste in the dustbin.9. Which is probably the product made with the toy kit of Toyi?A. A new picture of a young boy.B. A computer with high technology.C. A treasure container from a dustbin:D. A six-armed “robot” from a water bottle.10. How do the toy kits help improve the children's ability?A. It provides the kids various types of toys.B. It offers space for the kids’ creative minds.C. It changes the poor kids' living conditions.D. It teaches the kids to share joys with others.11. What is the new target for Atmaca and her partners?A. Donating toykits to more poor children.B. Selling toy kits to every kid in the world.C. Designing new toy kits for kids and adults.D. Doing further research on the kids' demands.DIt is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids — particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example, we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter, you will be helping your kids to think and act positively, and to feel competent in a wide range of situations, because they know what to do, and aren't scaring themselves with what not to do.Actually, it is all in the way the human mind works.What we think, we automatically rehearse.For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things：“don't” and “fall off the tree”. That is, he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”Clear, positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe, or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam, hold on firmly to the side of the boat” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or “How do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but the difference is obvious.Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words, so it pays to be positive.12. Positive choice of words helps kids to ________.A. learn in different situationsB. do things carefullyC. build up their confidenceD. improve their imagination13. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. A child will act on what is instructed.B. One can't help imagining what is heard.C. A child will fall off the tree when told not to.D. One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.14. Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A. How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?B. Don't play by the lake.C. Don't you dare to walk through the red light?D. Fasten your seat belt.15. The main idea of the passage is that ________.A. positive instructions guide kidsB. praise makes kids confidentC right instructions keep kids safe D. clear commands make kids different第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试卷及答案解析
2020年西安外国语学校高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAlex Palmer says he'll never forget his 13th birthday, not because of a gift or a party, but fire. “It made me realize how valuable life is,” said Alex, a seventh grader atMonroeDemonstrationSchoolinTulsa,Oklahoma.On April 18, Alex and many other kids from his school were riding home on a school bus when they suddenly saw smoke coming from the bus’ engine. “It was jaw-dropping,” he told reporters.By the time Alex and some other kids made it out the bus’ back door, the bus was already on fire. And some of their schoolmates were still inside. So he and some of the other older kids took action.“One little kid was slowing everyone down with his big backpack, ” eighth grader Destiny Fain said, “so I got it off and threw it to the side and helped to make sure all the little kids weren’t fighting or pushing. ”As that was going on, sixth grader Marketez Doyle-Smith reportedly helped another classmate who had trouble in breathing because of the smoke. “We saw our friend lying on the ground,” he said, “so we took our shirts off and waved them to get him some air to breathe.”Marketez also reportedly stopped a younger kid trying to get back on the bus to search for something he’d left behind. “We're all a family,” he told reporters. “So I went back to help the little kid.”Finally everyone made it off safely, thanks to Alex, Destiny, Marketez and several other kids. By later that day, they were already being called heroes. “I really don’t see it as being a hero,” Alex said, according to The World. “I see it as the right thing to do—helping others before you help yourself.”1. What happened on Alex’ s way home?A. The school bus was on fire suddenly.B. There was a party for Alex’s birthday.C. He received a gift from his classmate.D. Some classmates quarreled with each other.2. By saying "We're all a family.” Marketez probably meantA. We’re brothers in the same family.B. It’s our duty to help each other.C. We’re classmates in the same class.D. The thing left on the bus is mine.3. According to the last paragraph, Alex thought that heA. was not a brave student.B. had the right to do anything.C. had just done what he should do.D. hated to be called a hero by others.BSport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress canbe physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters’ performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.4. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_____________.A. to make sport less competitiveB. to increase their sense of successC. to reduce their mental stressD. to make sport more challenging5. According to the passage, sport is positive for young people in that_____________.A. it can help them learn more about societyB. it enables them to find faults in themselvesC. it can provide them with valuable experiencesD. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves6. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_____________.A. believing that criticism does good to their early developmentB. without realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidenceC. in order to make them remember life’s lessonsD. so as to put more pressure on them7. According to the passage parents and coaches should_____________.A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportB. help children to win every gameC. train children to cope with stressD. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sportCIvrea is a town in the Piedmont province of northern Italy. It is known for its localcarnival（狂欢节）organized in February.The main part of the carnival is the famous Battle of the Oranges (La battaglia delle arance). The Battle includes nine teams who throw oranges at each other during three carnival days – Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.Oranges were not always used in the battle. In the middle ages people used beans. Twice a year the local feudal lord gave a pot of beans to the poor families who, as sign of rebellion, threw them out of their homes. Later beans became part of carnival as sort of “ammunition” for throwing at people passing by.It is still not known why exactly people started using oranges. It is believed that the origin for this tradition is in the mid 19th century. The legend says that local girls, standing on balconies, started to throw some oranges, together with confetti,lupins(白羽扇豆)and flowers, onto the parade carriages. The girls actually wanted to draw attention of boysin the carriages. Boys “answered” by throwing some objects back at girls. Little battle started that way.Battle of the Oranges got strict rules after the World War II. The battles are organized on town's squares. The battles are fought between teams in carriages (symbolizing local the guards of localtyrant(恶霸)) and the teams walking beside those carriages (symbolizing rebellious people of Ivrea).Oranges for the event are brought from the island of Sicily. The oranges used are of low quality, not suitable for humans. About 270,000 kilograms of oranges are used each year.The carnival ends with a silent march on the night of “Fat Tuesday”. The Carnival "general" says goodbye to everyone with the phrase "See you next Fat Thursday at 1 p.m."Special prizes are awarded to three best foot teams, three carriages drawn by two horses and three carriagesdrawn by four horses. Different elements are judged like for example throwing ability, fair play or decoration of carriages.8. The word "ammunition" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to________.A. decorationB. bulletsC. advertisementD. presents9. In Battle of the Oranges, the teams walking beside carriages act as ________.A. the Carnival generalB. the local feudal lordC. the rebellious people of IvreaD. the guards of local tyrant(暴君)10. Which of the following statements about Battle of the Oranges is NOT true?A. In the middle ages, people threw beans out of homes as a sign of rebellion.B. Girls throw oranges towards carriages in the parade to attract the attention of boys inside.C. Tons of oranges are used every year to hold the festival.D. People started to throw oranges because they are of low quality and not suitable to eat.11. What is this passage mainly about?A. A traditional activity in an Italian carnivalB. The origin of Battle of the OrangeC. How people enjoy themselves in the Orange CarnivalD. The rules of activities in carnivals in ItalyDHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’tconcentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.12. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.13. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.14. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.15. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh Children第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
西安外国语大学英语国家社会与文化期末考试题
西安外国语大学英语国家社会与文化期末考试题1. Llywelgn ap Gruffudd is more than a simple historical figure for the W elsh. He is almost considered the legendary hero of Welsh nationalism b ecauseA. he became the first Prince of Wales in 1267.B. he brought the English under his control.C. he led a historic uprising against the English.D. he unified Wales as an independent nation.2. How many counties do you know there are in Northern Ireland?A. 26B. 6C. 32D. 203. Which of the following about the House of Commons in Britain is NO T true?A. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. MPs receive salaries and some other allowance.C. MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most MPs belong to the major political parties.4. Who is the leader of the Labor party in Britain at present?A. John MajorB. Tony BlairC. Harold WilsonD. Margaret Thatc her5. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. BoeingB. Rolls RoyceC. McDonnel-DouglasD. Hawker-Siddel ey Aviation6. British Aerospace was the merger of which two companies?A. the British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley AviationB. the British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls RoyceC. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC AvionicsD. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce7. Which of the following was a Postmodernist writer?A. George OrwellB. Robert L. StevensonC. Jane AustenD. Virg inia Woolf8. Which of the following about hunting is NOT true?A. It had developed into a recreational activity in medieval England.B. Only men participated in the hunting.C. Modern hunters usually chase foxes nowadays.D. It is strongly objected by animal rights groups.9. Of which people is Robert Burn a national poet?A. Welsh peopleB. Irish peopleC. Scottish peopleD. Englis h people10. On which day is Halloween celebrated?A. 5 NovemberB. 31 OctoberC. 17 MarchD. 25 Decem ber11. Which of the following is NOT true about the Eisteddfod?A. The highlight is the crowning of the two bards.B. It is the largest popular festival of music-making and poetry writing i n Europe.C. "Address to a Haggis" is recited.D. Competitions are held to find the best choirs, translators, essayists and poets.12. Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?A. Comprehensive schools.B. Secondary schools.C. Independent school.D. Grammar schools.13. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of t he ethnic minorities in the UK?A. They are well-represented in the British parliament.B. They are economically poorer than the white population.C. They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D. They are threatened by some racist groups.14. Britain has its nuclear naval force sinceA. it's one of the developed countries in the world.B. it's a traditional sea power.C. it has an advanced industry.D. it's able to produce submarines.15. Which of the following about the tabloids is NOT true?A. They are big format newspaper.B. They are often called "the gutter press".C. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.16. is Australia's largest trading partner.A. ChinaB. ASEAN countriesC. BritainD. Japan17. In which of the following areas Australia and America havedisagree ments?A. Trade policies.B. American military presence in the Asian and Pacific region.C. Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. China.D. Australia's membership in the UN Security Council.18. Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established inA. the 1950s.B. the 1960s.C. the 1970s.D. the 1980s.19. is the largest segment of the Australian economy.A. The primary industry.B. The secondary industry.C. The tertiary industry.D. The food-processing industry.20. The largest manufacturing sector in Australia isA. the ship-building industry.B. the Australian aerospace indus try.C. the heavy engineering industry.D. the Australian food-process ing industry.21. The sole parent pension is available toA. all single parents.B. single people caring for children under 16 or recipients of the child disability allowance.C. single parents divorced with children under 16.D. divorced or widowed old women.22. Which of the following is NOT a part of the Australian social security programs?A. Tertiary education assistance.B. Age pensions.C. Pensions for war and defense widows.D. The child disability all owance.23. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry ofA. the settlers of Virginia.B. the people of Pennsylvania.C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the AmericanRevolutio n.24. The New Deal was started byA. Franklin Roosevelt.B. J. F. Kennedy.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.25. The latest technology that farmers have adopted is .A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers26. does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck27. was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. for Whom the Bell Tolls28. Which of the following is NOT a black author?A. Richard WrightB. Alan GinsbergC. James BaldwinD. Ralph Ellison29. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the l ate 19th and early 20th century with the exception of .A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate C hopin30. The following writers represent new American voices except _.A. Toni MorrisonB. Alice WalkerC. T. S. EliotD. Maxine Hon g Kingston31. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except _.A. attending lectures and complete assignmentsB. passing examinationC. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college32. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of In dia's leader Gandhi, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 196 4.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC. Ella BakerD. Martin L uther King, Jr.33. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called .A. the "Hippies"B. the "Beat Generation"C. the "Me Generation"D. the "Lost Generation"34. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied w ith their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of by , they found a voice.A. The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanB. Profile in Courage,Joh n F. KennedyC. The Other America, Michael HarringtonD. Catch in the Rye, J.D. Salinger35. made the first desktop PC.A. Bill GatesB. IBMC. Two young amateur inventorsD. Apple Computers36. made the first liquid propellant rocket.A. Robert H GoddardB. Na GermanyC. J. Robert OppenheimerD. US military37. invented the telephone.A. Samuel F.B. Morse B. Alexander Graham BellC. Thomas Alva EdisonD. Reginald Fessenden38. The tradition of the vocal ballad which contributed to the blues form was usually accompanied byA. a guitar.B. a piano.C. a banjo.D. a trombone and a cymbal39. The Progressive Conservative Party was completely wiped out in the 1933 federal election becauseA. they offended the French-speaking people in Canada.B. they governed the entire country for too many years.C. they had bad management of the economy.D. they were unable to represent the country as a whole.40. "Triple alliance" in Jean-Charles Harvey's novel refer to the following except:A. capitalistsB. politiciansC. churchD. French separatism41. In which period have Canada's most famous and successful writers appeared?A. post-war periodB. period of nation-buildingC. early colonial periodD. pre-European period42. What idea is most powerfully presented in Margaret Laurence's work, making her highly representative of contemporary Canada?A. self-analysisB. women's positionC. cultural differenceD. politic al environment43. Which of the following novels was made into an extremely successfu l film in 1997?A. Lost in the BarrensB. The Two SolitudesC. The Handmaid's TaleD. The English Patient44. On the evidence of the past, Canada used to be so reluctant to get involved in Europeansquabbles that one prime minister even referred to the two world wars a s "the vortex of European militarism". Who made the remarks?A. Prime Minister Lester PearsonB. Prime Minister Wilfred La urierC. Prime Minister Pierre TrudeauD. Prime Minister Brian Mulr oney45. In 1917, the Canadian government introduced conscription, which res ulted in bitterresentment in the French-speaking province. Which of the following is th e correct name?A. British ColumbiaB. Nova ScotiaC. OntarioD. Quebec46. According to the author, Canada entered into its golden age of inter national diplomacy in the 1950s, the period of which was capped by _.A. Canada's role in the Suez Crisis of 1956B. Canada's role in the World Trade OrganizationC. Canada's role in the NATOD. Canada's role in World Health Organization47. Who was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts made to intro duce a UN peacekeeping force into the Suez Canal region during the Cr isis of 1956?A. Brian MulroneyB. Pierre TrudeauC. John HolmsD. Lester P earson48. Whose administration worked especially hard for theinternational rec ognition of the People's Republic of China?A. Wilfred Laurier's administrationB. Lester Pearson's administratio nC. MacKine King's administrationD. Brian Mulroney's administration49. The Canada-U. S. relations are so close that Prime Minister Louis S t Laurent once said that it was like .A. a relationship between two teammates.B. a relationship between two brothers.C. a relationship between two business partners.D. a relationship between two farmers.50. One of the historic reasons that leads Canada to empathing with the problems the Third World countries face on their way to independence i s:A. its colonial pastB. its imperialist pastC. its feudal historyD. its socialist-oriented economy.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
西安外国语大学英语考试试题命制形式说明与模板(2016-08-01)命制形式说明一、试题页面各科试题统一采用A4页面。
页边距统一采用系统默认的“普通边距”：上下页边距均为2.54厘米，左右页边距均为3.18厘米。
二、试题题头使用统一的考试试题题头，模板如下所示。
请勿修改题头模板中的字体、字号与基本格式。
1.每门课程考试试卷分为A卷与B卷，应在试题题头做明确标示。
“西安外国语大学考试试题（A）”字样采用三号黑体。
2.其他汉字内容用五号宋体，阿拉伯数字内容用五号Times New Roman字体。
3.注意填写内容的完整性，“院（部）”、“专业”、“课程”填写正式书面全称，不使用简称或缩略语，“专业”名称须按照教育部《普通高等学校本科专业目录》（2012版）填写，例如英语专业为“英语”（而不是“英语语言文学”）；“学年”按“2015- 2016学年第2 学期”、“班级”按“2015级1班”、“命题时间”按“2016.06.12”式样填写。
4.“命题教师”为1人以上的，用一个空格将前后教师姓名进行分隔。
5.可根据需要对各填写项所在行内的位置进行调整，但不要改变原题头模板的基本形制。
6.如果题头“课程：年级：命题时间：命题教师：”一栏确实不能在一行排列，请按照以下方式调整：课程：×××××年级：2015级1班命题时间：2016.06.12命题教师：××××××三、试题格式1. 字号字体格式除特别要求之外，试题内容的字号统一为5号字。
英文字体统一为Times New Roman字体，其中的汉语内容字体统一为宋体。
2. 行间距格式试题内容的行间距统一为单倍行距。
3. 试题各级序号格式（1）试题一级序号用小四号Times New Roman大写粗体加罗马数字（如I，II）表示，其后双击Tab 键隔开，后接考察部分名称（如VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR等字样）。
示例：“PART I WORD-FORMATION”（2）二级序号为阿拉伯数字，如1，2，3 等，序号后用实心点（“.”即英文句号）分开。
示例：“1. Reference books may not be removed from the library.”（3）各大题部分的小题（二级）序号可以连续排列，也可以根据各大题部分对小题（二级）序号重新排序罗列。
（4）阅读部分，各片段统一用Passage 区分，如Passage One / Passage Two 等，首字母大写，用小四号粗体表达。
4. 试题指令与分值格式（1）试题一级标题后的试题指令要为考生提供足够信息，语言简练、清晰。
指令部分（Directions）用五号Times New Roman字体斜体（无须用粗体）。
（2）试题指令中的强调词，如“ANSWER SHEET”, “EXCEPT”用五号Times New Roman大写斜体格式（无须用粗体）。
（3）各大题所占分值用points 表达，要求明确提供该题总分值与每小题所占分值，分值要求用五号字（无须用斜体）。
示例：“Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence, and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20 points, 1 for each) ”5. 图表格式（1）图表名称均用五号Times New Roman粗体。
（2）图名在图件下方居中，表名在表格上方居中。
（3）图表名前应有明确的图表序号，并在试题相应内容后明确标注。
例如：“……financial sources of college students(Fig 1).”。
图表序号应分别按图或表系列编制，根据在试题中出现先后顺序编排序号。
表序号命名为Fig 1，Fig 2，……；图序号命名为Tab 1，Tab 2，……。
缩略词“Fig”（或“Tab”）和后面的数字“1”中间空一格。
（4）试题中的表格采用三线表。
表格中的文字与阿拉伯数字均用小五号或五号Times New Roman字体。
（5）试题中的图件要清晰，易辨识。
图中文字注记与阿拉伯数字均用小五号或五号Times New Roman字体。
6. 空行格式（1）试题题头横线下空两行（五号Times New Roman）。
试题每大题部分的标题（即：试题一级序号）要求与试题指令之间空一行（五号Times NewRoman）。
（2）试题指令与第一道小题之间空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
最后一道小题结束后须空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
（3）选择题中，如果是包含问题与选项内容的小题，各小题之间要求空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
如果是仅有选项内容的小题，各小题之间不空行。
（4）阅读部分的Passage One ，Passage Two等标题，其上与试题指令之间空一行（五号Times New Roman），其下与阅读材料内容之间空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
阅读材料与其下的第一个小题之间空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
一篇阅读材料内的段落间不空行。
（5）图表名与图表内容作为一个整体，与上下连接内容间各空一行（五号Times New Roman）。
（6）若页面的第一行出现空行，则将该空行删除。
7. 对齐格式（1）一级标题居中对齐。
二级及其以下序号标题均左对齐。
（2）采用操作系统的“编号”工具，按照“1.”的格式对二级序号进行自动编号，编号完成后对其进行“悬挂缩进”2字符操作，以实现前后各小题首字母对齐。
（3）选择题的选项必须排列整齐。
选择题的选项用英文大写字母罗列，如：A. B. C. D.，选项ABCD 后用实心点“.”断开，实心点“.”后空一格再接选项内容。
①如果选项为单词，ABCD等选项列为一行，要注意空间间隔均匀。
②如果选项为词组，选项可按照两行排列，例如，第一行排列AB，第二行排列CD。
要注意空间间隔均匀，同时兼顾与单行排列的选项位置对齐（可用Tab键）。
③如果选择项较长，各选项可分别占一行。
④选择项中的首字母要与题干的首字母对齐。
对选择项所在行采用“首行缩进”2字符的方式即可实现对齐。
示例如下：1.George went on at great length about his various illnesses.A. for a long timeB. in detailsC. at lastD. in the end2.Young people should understand the old people’s worries and cares. And theold people in turn should take the young people’s wishes and desire intoconsideration.A. on the other handB. on the contraryC. so far as I am concernedD. as a result（4）阅读部分的材料，需要采用“首行缩进2字符”的格式。
（5）试题内容全文采用两端对齐。
8. 其他（1）试题空白处的下划线要统一长度。
在英文输入状态下可用shift+“-”（即“减号”）实现下划线操作，下划线长度为7个“-”，下划线与前后字母间均要保留一个空格。
示例：“These fields have been under _______ (cultivate) for years.”（2）填空题型的下划线上内容若为空白，则该下划线长度为7个“-”。
若下划线中出现数字序号，则该下划线长度为“一个空格+数字+一个空格”，下划线与前后字母间均要保留一个空格。
示例：“begins with a catalog of possible items, 6 an item, arranges a form of payment”（3）试题应标注页码。
页码标注格式为：在页脚中心位置标明具体页码和总页数。
示例：如共12 页，该页为第4页，则应标注为：“Page 4 of 12”（在WORD系统中，“插入”-“页码”；然后对出现的页码数字做修改，例如“4”：在“4”前输入“Page”，在“4”后输入“of 12”，即可）。
（4）如果试题一级题目（序号）出现在当前页最后一行，则需要将其调整到下一个页面第一行。
（5）如果试题“指令”、“题干”、“选项”等内容的第一行或最后一行出现在试卷另页第一行，可空一行或适当压缩行间距，以保证试题“指令”、“题干”、“选项”内容相对完整地保留在一页中。
（6）各课程试题中相同类型的试题指令内容应尽可能统一。
（7）不同语种的试题模块请参照本模板的相应内容，根据试题需要确定。
英语试题模板PART I WORD-FORMATIONDirections: There are ten incomplete statements in the part of the test. You are to complete each of the statements by using the proper form of the word provided in the brackets, and write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.These fields have been under _______ (cultivate) for years.2.Einstein’s theory of relativity took years to gain _______ (accept).3.He’s _______ (passion) about nature, from small creatures to big spectacularlandscapes.4.He is not a clever student, but he shows great _______ (persevere).5.She is full of _______ (hate) for the men who killed her husband.6.……7.……8.……9.……10.He is kind and _______ (consider) to his friends.PART II VOCABULARYDirections: There are ten sentences in this part of the test. For each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best explains the underlined part in each sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point for each)1.Reference books may not be removed from the library.A. taken offB. dismissedC. taken awayD. lent2.George went on at great length about his various illnesses.A. for a long timeB. in detailsC. at lastD. in the end3.Young people should understand the old people’s worries and cares. And theold people in turn should take the young people’s wishes and desire into consideration.A. on the other handB. on the contraryC. so far as I am concernedD. as a result4.We must see to it that all people are equal before the law.A. make sureB. promiseC. believeD. consider5.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work.A. limitedB. unnecessaryC. overdueD. much6.Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed.A. sponsorB. take upC. be in chargeD. control7. ……8. ……9. ……10.Sh e’s a gutsy player; she never gives in.A. losesB. winsC. missesD. admits defeatPART III GRAMMARDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part of the test. For each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence, and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 for each)1.If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. was to rainB. were to rainC. was rainingD. had rained2.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, soare there occupations _______ technical training is necessary.A. for whichB. in whichC. to whichD. at which3.After _______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnelmanager’s office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there4.Time _______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A. permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits5.They gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator _______ metrouble gain.A. gaveB. should giveC. should have givenD. would give6. A well-known philosopher once said, “I eat and drink _______ I like, andsleep _______ I cannot keep awake. I am in good health.A. however; wheneverB. whatever; wheneverC. whatever; whateverD. however; however7. ……8. ……9. ……10._______, I didn’t know what the trouble was, but then I realized it.A. For a timeB. SometimesC. FrequentlyD. More often than notPART IV CLOZEDirections: there is a passage with 10 blanks in this part of the test. For each blank there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 for each)The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not1 from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, “mail order” catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier2 fax. E-commerce follows the same model3 in other business transactions; the difference4 in the details.To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists 5 online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, 6 an item,arranges a form of payment, and 7 an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be 8 on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent 9 a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce 10 one to send payment information electronically.1. A. distract B. descend C. differD. derive2. A. with B. via C. fromD. off3. A. appeared B. resorted C. usedD. served4. A. situates B. lies C. rootsD. locates5. A. on B. of C. forD. to6. A. reflects B. detects C. protectsD. selects7. A. sends in B. puts out C. stands forD. carries away8. A. visible B. responsible C. feasibleD. sensible9. A. beside B. over C. beyondD. up10. A. appeals B. admits C. advocatesD. allowsPART V READING COMPREHENSIONDirections：There are four passages in this part. Each passage in followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to decide on the best choice and, and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET. (20 points, 1 point for each)Passage OneMarie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie’s amicable collaboration later helped unlock the secrets of the atom.Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At an early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master’s degree and doctorate inphysics.Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.Curie’s feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.1.The Curies’ _______ collaboration helped unlock the secrets of the atom.A. friendlyB. competitiveC. courteousD. industrious2.Marie had a bright mind and a _______ personality.A. strongB. light-heartedC. humorousD. strange3.Marie _______ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter theSorbonne.A. challenged authorityB. showed intelligenceC. behaved proudlyD. was distressed4.Her _______ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeedher husband.A. misfortuneB. angerC. wretchednessD. disappointment5.Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curiewas never _______.A. troubledB. worriedC. disappointedD. sorrowfulPassage TwoThe village of Vestmannaeyjar, in the far northern country of Iceland, is as bright and clean and up-to-date as any American or Canadian suburb. It is located on the island of Heimaey, just off the mainland. One January night in 1973, however, householders were shocked from their sleep. In some backyards,red-hot liquid was spurting from the ground. Flaming “skyrockets” shot up and over the houses. The island’s volcano, Helgafell, silent for 7,000years, was violently erupting!Luckily, the island’s fishing fleet was in port, and within 24 hours almost everyone was ferried to the mainland. But then the agony of the island began in earnest. As in a nightmare, fountains of burning lava spurted 300 feet high. Black, baseball-size cinders rained down. An evil-smelling, eye-burning, throat-searing cloud of smoke and gas erupted into the air, and a river of lava flowed down the mountain. The constant scream of escaping steam was punctuated by ear-splitting explosions.As time went on, the once pleasant village of Vestmannaeyjar took on a weird aspect. Its street lamps still burning against the long Arctic night, the town lay under a thick blanket of cinders. All that could be seen above the 10-foot black drifts were the tips of street signs. Some houses had collapsed under the weight of cinders, while others had burst into flames as the heat ignited their oil storage tanks. Lighting the whole lurid scene, fire continued to shoot from the mouth of the looming volcano.The eruption continued for six months. Scientists and reporters arrived from around the world to observe the awesome natural event. But the town did not die that easily. In July, when the eruption ceased, the people of Heimaey Island returned to assess the chances of rebuilding their homes and lives. They found tons of ash covering the ground. The Icelanders are a tough people, however, accustomed to the strange and violent nature of their Arctic land. They dug out their homes. They even used the cinders to build new roads and airport runways. Now the new homes of Heimaey are warmed from water pipes heated by molten lava.6.The village is located on the island of _______.A. VestmannaeyjarB. HebridesC. HeimaeyD. Helgafell7.This liquid was coming from the _______.A. mountainsB. groundC. seaD. ocean8.Black cinders fell that were the size of _______.A. baseballB. pebblesC. golf ballsD. hailstones9.Despite the eruption, _______.A. the buses kept runningB. thee radio stations kept broadcastingC. the police kept workingD. the street lamps kept burning10.This volcanic eruption lasted for six _______.A. weeksB. hoursC. daysD. monthsPassage ThreeWhile the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same.Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop. The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape.Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of bri ck and mortar had become.Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six-story apartment complex as well. Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen do or. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, and a shower, this was indeed different from four years ago.11.According to the author, dramatic changes took place _______.A. in cities but not countryside of ChinaB. in both cities and countryside of ChinaC. in countryside but not in large citiesD. everywhere12.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.A. peasants lead similar life all over the worldB. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in AmericaC. peasants in Midwest America raise more corn while Chinese peasants raise more riceD. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn13.The author was travelling to Wuhu _______.A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to NankingB. in order to find some places similar to his hometownC. in order to visit his grandparentsD. in order to find out changes in small cities14.The author’s grandparents _______.A. live in their house of brick and mortarB. live in an apartment similar to westernersC. led a totally westernized lifeD. was poor as they always were15.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Flash Back to ChinaB. From Shanghai to NankingC. Wuhu TodayD. Back With My GrandparentsPassage FourUntil the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient (变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems—both legal and educational—for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis; but the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count co nsists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Centre in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.16.It is implied in the first paragraph that _______.A. the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB. many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 citiesC. there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD. homeless children are denied the opportunities of receiving free education17.The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number ofhomeless children is ______.A. 350,000B. 1,500,000C. 440,000D. 110,00018.One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason mightwell be _______.A. the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB. the homeless population is growing rapidlyC. the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD. some homeless children are deserted by their family19.The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that_______.A. the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedB. the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC. the address of grade-school children should be locatedD. all homeless people are entitled to free education20.The passage mainly deals with _______.A. the legal problems of the homeless childrenB. the educational problems of homeless childrenC. the social status of older malesD. estimates on the homeless populationPART VI PARAPHRASEDirections: There are five sentences in this part of the test. Paraphrase the underlined part in each sentence. Write your answers in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 2 points for each)1.In some ways, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life.2.I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance.3.I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator.4.It was an ordinary window, against which now the night was pressing blackly.5.But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-longperspective and collection can begin.PART VII TRANSLATIONDirections: There are five Chinese sentences in this part of the test. Translate each of them into English, with the help of the given word, and write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 2 for each)1.他身体很健康，就是膝盖有些不好。