Colonial Architecture 美国殖民时期建筑风格

Colonial Houses
Colonial Houses
Dutch Colonial, 1648, New York
Colonial Houses
Dutch Colonial, 1653, New York
Colonial Houses(1720, the distinctive gambrel roof)
-Building included medieval details - Steep roofs, small windows - Minimal ornamentation -massive central chimney.
Colonial Houses(late Elizabethan)
English Colonial- (1660) , Salem, MA
Colonial Houses
Colonial Houses
Spanish Colonial, 1723 , St. Augustine, FL
Anatomy of Tabby Wall Construction
A tabby wall was raised by setting two boards on edge. Into this frame was then pour limeshell mortar with sand and oyster shells. When that section had set , the boards were raise a level and the process repeated.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Colonial Houses
German Colonial, 1767 , Pennsylvania
Colonial Houses French Colonial – 1700-1830; to ca. 1860 in New Orleans
(Region: Quebec, New Orleans, Mississippi River Valley) founding of Quebec in 1608 and New Orleans, Louisiana in 1718, as well as along the Mississippi River valley to Missouri.
Colonial Houses
French Colonial, Ste. Geneviève, Missouri.
Colonial Houses
Colonial Houses
Pigeon Cote
Ancient Classical
Italian
Early Classical Revival Greek Revival Neoclassical Italianate Italian Renaissance Second Empire Beaux Arts French Eclectic Georgian Adam Colonial Revival
Colonial
-Early American Architecture. -Consists of a) First Period English (late-Medieval) Region: Jamestown, VA, & Plymouth, MA b) French Colonial Region: Quebec, New Orleans, Mississippi River Valley c) Spanish Colonial Region: St. Augustine, FL d) Dutch Colonial Region: New York, New Jersey e) German Colonial Region: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware f) Georgian Colonial Region: New England, Mid-Atlantic region
Colonial Houses English Colonial– 1600-1700; locally to ca. 1740
Establishing the first settlements at Jamestown, Virginia (1607) and Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)
Colonial Houses
Anatomy of a Post-and-Bean Frame
Colonial Houses(SALTBOX)
Metal nails are sparingly used , tenon and mortise
Colonial Houses Spanish Colonial – 1600-1850; locally to ca. 1900
Renaissance Classical
French
Medieval Modern Other Traditions Mixtures
English
Post Medieval English Gothic Revival Stick Queen Anne Richardsonian Romanesque Tudor Queen Anne (free classic) w/ classic Chateauesque Shingle Detail Tudor (parapeted) Prairie Arts & Crafts Craftsman Machine Age Movement Spanish Exotic Revivals Octagon Modernistic International Machine Age Spanish Colonial Mission Pueblo Revival Spanish Eclectic Monterey
– – – – –
Colonial – 1620-1820 (by region/colony) Romantic – 1820-1880 (by fashion – non-colony) Victorian – 1860-1900 (by materials and technology – a mix) Eclectic – 1880-1940 (by ethics – historically correct) Since 1940 – present (simplified borrowing of historically correct)
St. Augustine, Florida , the oldest 1565 California 1769-1832
- “Board house”- a small one-room cottage constructed of pit-sawn softwood boards - During the 1700s, the "common houses" were covered whitewashed lime mortar with an oyster shell aggregate. - Typically two-story, the houses included cooling porches to accommodate the Florida climate.
- constructed of heavy upright cedar logs set vertically into the ground - double-pitched hipped roofs -surrounded by porches (galleries) to handle the hot summer climate
Dutch Colonial, 1740, New York, Bell shaped gambrel roof, forming a covered porch
Colonial Houses
Dutch Colonial, 1663, New York
Colonial Houses German Colonial(after 1675)
Colonial Houses Dutch Colonial – 1625-ca. 1840
Region: New York, New Jersey
- Initially the settlers built small, one room cottages with stone walls and steep roofs to allow a second floor loft. - By 1670 or so, two-story gable-end homes were common. - In the countryside of the Hudson Valley, the Dutch farmhouse evolved into a linear-plan home with straightedged gables moved to the end walls - Early Dutch buildings was a hooded fireplace (with no jambs, Or side walls), fitted with a cloth mantel skirt to keep smoke in.
Architectural Research of American Colonial
HISTORY on AMERICAN HOUSES
– Folk Houses – before ca. 1850-1890; locally to ca. 1920 (shelter)
• Native American – to ca. 1900 • Pre-Railroad – before ca. 1850-1890; locally to ca. 1920 • National – after ca. 1850-1890
Colonial
Post Medieval English Dutch Colonial French Colonial Spanish Colonial Georgian Adam Early Classical Revival
(Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware)
- adapted the "half-timber" style of construction then popular in Europe, which used a frame of braced timbers filled-in with masonry (brick or stone). - The colonists modified the method to typically include a first floor of field stones, and a second floor and roof system of timbers or logs. - Eventually, field stones became the building material of choice for the entire homes -By the mid-1700s, many Germanic settlers had adopts the the Geogian center-hall plan
A mark of late Elizabethan architecture- the overhang ,or jetty , primarily in towns and cities
Colonial Houses
English Colonial, 1664, New Hampshire, Oldest house in NH recalls Medieval England