四级翻译

蒙古族牧民(herdsmen)的生活方式很有特色。

牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品(dairyproduct)，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶(bricktea)。

他们大多住在圆形的蒙古包(ger) 里。

蒙古包顶上开有天窗，用来通风(ventilation)和采光。

蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞的民族。

每年七、八月举行的“那达慕”大会 (Nadama Fair)，是蒙古族人民一年一度的盛大节日，大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭(archery)比赛和精彩的歌舞表演。

参考答案：The Mongolian herdsmen's life style hasdistinguishing features. The herdsmen like eating redmeat and dairy products，and drinking black tea andbrick tea. Most of them live in circular gers withwindows on the top, used for ventilation andlighting. The Mongolians are a group talented in riding and shooting，and singing and dancing.The Nadama Fair, which is held in July and August every year，is the Mongolian people's annualgrand festival.There would be horse racing，wrestling，archery race and excellent musical anddance performances on the festival.景泰蓝(Jingtailan)艺术是雕刻、绘画和塑瓷(porcelainmaking)的独特融合。

据说景泰蓝于元朝时诞生于北京，现存最古老的景泰蓝就造于元朝。

但是景泰蓝在明朝时经历了巨大的变革。

那时，人们认为景泰蓝最为复杂。

然而，由于熔铜技术 (copper-melting techniques)的伟大发明，景泰蓝于清朝时达到顶峰。

用景泰蓝能够制成大件物品，如花瓶、其他器皿和装饰品，也能制成小物品，如耳环、手镯或筷子。

新中国成立以来，涌现出了很多新品种的景泰蓝，在国内外享有很高的声誉。

参考答案：The art of Jingtailan is a unique combination of sculpture, painting and porcelain making.It is said to have originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty. The oldest extant piece was made during the Yuan Dynasty, but Jingtailan had a major change during the Ming Dynasty.At that time, Jingtailan was considered to be the most complicated. However, it reachcd its peak during the Qing Dynasty because of great innovations in copper-melting techniques.Jingtailan can be made into large objects such as vases and other large utensils and decorative items, as well as small items like earrings, bracelets or chopsticks.Since new China was founded, quite a number of new varieties have been created.It enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.茶文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，有着悠久的历史。

一代代的种植者和生产者使中国制茶工艺变得日臻完善。

茶和中国文化有着极其紧密的联系。

茶研究涉及的范围很广，有着丰富的内容。

中国茶可以分为五类。

每一种都有不同于其他种类的味道和外观。

绿茶是办公室职员的最佳选择，它有助于防止电脑辐射 (computer radiation)，补充人体水分(moisture content)。

参考答案：With a long history, tea culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. Generations of growers and producers have perfected the Chinese way of manufacturing tea. Tea has an extremely close relationship with Chinese culture. The study of tea covers a wide field and has a very rich content. Chinese tea can be classified into five categories. Each kind is different from others in flavor and appearance. Green tea is the best option for office workers since it can help prevent computer radiation and supplement moisture content of the human body. 宴会通常在饭店的包间(private rooms)举行，要么是晚宴，要么是午宴。

主宾 (the guest of honor)通常第一个进入房间。

在正式的晚宴上，主陪(the main host)和主宾对面坐，主陪背对着门，主宾面对着门。

客人应该等着被引导到他们的位置上，直到主宾和主陪都坐下之后，客人才可以坐下。

宴会的主菜通常包括凉菜和热炒，通常还有象征富足蕴意的整条鱼，还有汤。

上水果则标志着饭局的结束。

参考答案：Banquets are usually held in restaurants in private rooms，either for dinner or lunch. The guest of honor typically enters the room first. At a formal dinner the main host and guest are seated facing each other，the host with his back to the door and the guest facing the door. Guests should wait to be guided to their places and should not sit until the main host and guest have done so. Banquets usually have main course which include scold dishes, hot stir fries, often with a whole cooked fish which symbolizes abundance, and soup. Serving fruit signals the end of the meal. 中国通过了第一部物权法，下令对北京的几百座四合院进行保护。

然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保存”常常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的来代替。

马岩松曾经说过：“现在的做法就是在假造古董，这不好。

胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，以便富人们可以购买这些房子。

老北京的精神正在消亡。

”重点词汇：物权法 property law 四合院 courtyard拆掉 knock down代替 replace假古董 fake antique胡同 hutong主题公园 theme park踢出去 kick out消亡 die away参考答案：China has passed the first property law, ordering to protect Beijing’s hundreds of courtyards. But critics say, so-called “conservation” just means knocking downan old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style. For this,Ma Yansong’s opinion is “The way is just to build fake antiques, it is not nice. These hutongs attract many tourists. The poor,old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses. The spirits of oldBeijing are now dying away.”中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。

例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。

土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。

大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。

土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。

重点词汇：通常usually反应reflect媒体media愈来愈increasingly获取acquire指的是 refer to 炫耀 show off没有品位have no taste收入include into加进add to成...的一部分becoming a part of...参考答案：The Chinese hot words usually reflect the social and cultural change, some of them are increasingly popular with the foreign media. For instance, although the Tuhao and Dama are old words, they have acquired new meaning.Tuhao (local tyrants) referred to the village landlords who oppressed the peasants and servants in the old days, but now it is used to refer to the rich who spends money like water or likes to show off. That is to say, the local tyrants have wealth but no taste. Dama (aunt) is a calling to middle-aged women, but now it especially refers to the Chinese women who buy large amount of gold when gold tumbled recently.These two words are likely to be include in the new OXford English Dictionary. Until now, about 120 Chinese word have added in the OXford English Dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.中国贸易对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸易伙伴。