上海市延安中学2017-2018学年高三上学期周测(十)英语试题-概要写作 Word版含答案
上海市延安中学2018届高三上学期周测九英语试题
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages bel ow, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)In a recent radio show, U.S. President Obama talked about what birthday gifts he was buying for his wife and daughters.The president confesses that (25) ______ (choose) birthday gifts for the first lady, Michelle, is a very special challenge. He has to “rack his brain” (26) _______ ______ ______ purchase something that Michelle will appreciate. ,“Michell e is hard to shop (27) ______,” Obama said of the first lady. “She is very fashionable and s he looks good,” ad ded the presid ent, “so I am worried about buying her clothes (28) ______ she will, on that Day, look at it and say, ‘That’s really sweet, honey,’ and peck me on the cheek---but I will never see her wear what I (29) _______(buy) for her.N ot every Obama family member is so hard to shop for, however. Obama’s ol der daughter, Malia, is much (30) ______ (easy) to shop for. The 16-year-old is a huge film lover, so the president always gives her some classic films, One year, Obama gave Malia (31) ______ collection of the 100 greatest movies ever made, (32) ______ he thought was the best present ever to her.Obama said he also liked to give books as birthday gifts. He noted that he and daughters Malia and Sasha had a tradition of going to an independent bookstore and buying some books for various members of the family. This year, they bought 17 books in all.(B)Equality used to be something people wanted to enjoy on the Internet. But do they really get what they want? I d o not think so.When we are chatting with strangers online, it seems like nobody knows (33) ______ you are poor or rich, highly educated or a mid dl e school dropout. Even your gend er can be a mystery. However, have you ever noticed some details? For example, you have submitted your authentic personal information to a social network (34) ______ ______ everyone can know more about you, but a 40-year-ol d unemployed guy (35) ______ chats with you may tell you that he is an a “18-year-old high school girl” and you may never know the truth. Is that fair? Actually, in (36) ______ a case, peopl e are far from establishing equal relationships. On the contrary, they start to cheat and play virtual roles with their real personal information not (37) ______ (reveal).In my opinion, equality (38) ______never ______ (achieve) online. For instance, the “V identification’’ of Sina Weibo is mainly for celebrities and peopl e with certain social status or achievements. Every day, there are thousands of people (39) ______ (foll ow) these famous “V”users’ p osts, no matter how boring they are. It is just like how people focus on cel ebrities, private life in reality. However, when an ordinary person shares his meaningful experience online, people will hardly notice that.Therefore, do not expect too much about online equality, because the Internet is just a replication(复制）of the real society. There will be no absolute equality in the cyber worl d (40) ______ ______ ______ in our real life.Section BDirections: Complete the foll owing passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(F=BC, G=ABC, H=AB# I=AD, J=BD, K=ABD)Christmas is the biggest holiday of the year in many countries including the US and the UK. Decorating Christmas trees, giving gifts and singing Christmas songs are just a few of the ___41___ that the two nations share. However, just as there are many cultural differences betweenthe two, Christmas is not exactly the same on both sid es of the Atlantic. The BBC has pointed out some ___42___ differences.According to the BBC, the language of Christmas is not really the same in the US and the UK. Britons usually say “Happy Christmas” to each other. But “Americans will look ___43___ or chuckle to themselves if you “wish them‘Happy Christmas’, as ___44___ to ‘Merry Christmas’,” the BBC said. In addition, the shortening of Christmas to “Chrimbo”, which is common in the UK, is almost ___45___ unknown in the US doesn’t ___46___have turkey, either. The BBC ___47___ that Americans save that particular food for Thanksgiving Day, and they often go for ham or roast beef on Christmas Day. For dessert, Christmas cake, Christmas pudding and mince pies are popular in the UK. In the US, however, your post-meal treat will ___48___ be one of the foll owing: pumpkin pie, fruitcake, apple pie, pecan pie, or sweet potato pie.During the dinner, Britons are used to putting on paper hats and pulling a Christmas cracker with a fell ow dinner. But there is no such tradition in the US, where paper hats are less common and Christmas crackers are nearly ___49___ of.However, one thing you will find in the US, but not in the UK, is that the ___50___ Christmas d ecorations you see in movies are real. Some homeowners even turn their houses into light shows, a ccording to the BBC, “Driving through American suburbia at Christmas can sometimes feel like a tour of Disney World,” the news network d escribed.Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked with A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I ___51___asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good. He had his wisd om teeth ___52___. The young man then ___53___ to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful.His question remind me ___54___ something I’d read somewhere before, “Every morning when you get up, you have a cho ice about ___55___ you want to approach life that day,” I said. “I choose to be cheerful.”“Let me give you a(n)36,” I continued, ___56___ all sixty stud ents in the class. “___57___ teaching here at UNLV, I also teach at the community coll ege in Henderson, 17 mil es d own the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago I drove to Henderson. I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile d own the road to the coll ege. But just then my car died. I tried to sta rt it again, but the engine wouldn’t ___58___. So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and marched d own the road to the college.”“As soon as I got there I called AAA(汽车协会) and arranged for a tow truck to meet me at my car ___59___ class. The secretary in the Provost’s office asked me what had happened. ”This is my lucky day, ”I replied, smiling.”“But your car breaks d own.” She was ___60___. ”What d o you mean?”“I live 17 miles from here.” I replied. “My car ___61___ broken d own anywhere along the freew ay. It didn’t.___62___, it broke d own in the perfect place, off the freeway, within walking distance of here. I’m still able to teach my class, and I’ve been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was ___63___to break d own toda y, it couldn’t have been arranged in a more convenient fashion.’”“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then she smiled. I smiled back and ___64___ class.” So ended my story.I scanned the sixty faces in my ___65___ class at UNLV. Despite the early hour, no one seemed to be asleep. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student’s50that I was cheerful.51. A. confid ently B. warmly C. creatively D. cheerfully52. A. separated B. removed C. deleted D. transplanted53. A. proceeded B. led C. contributed D. happened54. A. about B. to C. of D. into55. A. when B. what C. how D. why56. A. addressing B. stressing C. identifying D. organizing57. A. in relation to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in terms of58. A. turn up B. turn off C. turn in D. turn over59. A. before B. after C. in D. during60. A. concerned B. puzzled C. troubl ed D. worried61. A. coul d have B. must have C. shoul d have D. needn’t have62. A. besid es B. however C. instead D. meanwhile63. A. informed B. meant C. ordered D. related64. A. headed for B. gained access to C. settled d own D. left to65. A. observation B. engine C. speech D. economicsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Chose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）“Do you think former US presid ent Bill Clinton gets enough credit for ending the Korean War?”Jimmy Kimmel, host of a talk show in the US, asked some of his audience this question in a recent episode. You may have quickly spotted that the question d oesn’t make sense, since the Korean War happened in the 1950s, while Bill Clinton was US president from 1993 to 2001.But surprisingly, many people were fooled by this question. They seemed to be willing to say anything on camera to hide their cluelessness (毫无头绪) about this “political issue”.Yes, it seems that political ignorance is a serious problem in the US. But a recent study done by Ipsos MORI, a l eading market research company in the UK, shows that the problem has been spreading across the world, The Washington Post reported last month.Survey respondents in the 14 nations includ ed in the study generally had no idea about major political issues in their countries. Even in Sweden, where people are most informed about current affairs, respond ents were not well-informed on important political issues such as the unempl oyment rate, which they thought was 3 times higher than it actually is.So why are peopl e’s ideas so far from reality?Bobby Duffy, managing director of Ipsos MORI’s Social Research Institute, wrote in The Guardian that it was because people had problems with basic math and some cl early misunderstood the questions.“When people need to do fast thinking, they take all sorts of mental shortcuts, where theygrab (抓住) easily available information even if it doesn’t quite fit the question,” wrote Duffy.The media also plays a role in confusing us. Take the murder rate as an exampl e. Increasing media coverage of crime makes many peopl e believe that the murder rate is going up even though it has actually been falling in the 14 nations from the study.However, “the real driver is how we remember information, where anecdotes (奇闻异事) stick, even if they are describ ing something very rare,” said Duffy.However, those misperceptions (误解) are not all wrong – peopl e also send a message about what’s worrying them when answering questions about subjects such as the crime and unempl oyment rates. “Cause and effect can run b oth ways, with our concern leading to our misperceptions as much as our misperceptions creating our concern,” he add ed.Although many people d on’t think of these misperceptions as a serious probl em, these mistakes might have serious political results that would eventually affect everyone’s well-being, Ilya Somin, professor of law at George Mason University, wrote in a Washington Post blog.“Overestimating (估计过高) the crime rate may produce exaggerated (夸张的) safety worries among citizens, causing distrust and indifference between strangers,” wrote Somin. “Whil e overestimating the numbers of immigrants may lead to fears of being destroyed by foreign cultures and increase support for limiting migration, which can bring harm on both immigrants and natives.”66. B y mentioning Jimmy Kimmel’s talk show in the first paragraphs, the author intends to______.A. remind people of Korean WarB. show that many peopl e are ignorant of political IssueC. introduce the read er to an important political issueD. show how Jimmy Ki mmel fooled his talk show’s entire audience67. Which of the foll owing may not be the reason why people have misperception about political issue?A. The media misl eads its audienceB. They easily mistake anecdotes for facts that are widely knownC. They sometimes underestimate the murder rateD. They are poor at basic math68. What is the best d escription of Ilya Somin’s attitud e toward people’s misperceptions about political issues in the article?A. It is not a serious probl emB. It may have a bad effect on social stabilityC. It may cause people to admire foreign cultures blindlyD. The political results caused by these mistakes are exaggerated69. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Introducing divided opinions on misconceptions on political issuesB. Illustrating the technique of hosting a talk showC. Pointing out how littl e the respondents involved in the study showD. Explaining the reasons for misconception and possible consequence（B）The great Asian space raceWhen India became the first Asian nation to successfully reach Mars this September, it immediately brought up images of the battle between the elephant and the red dragon.However, the reality of a potenial Asian space is much complicated. Here is a look at the regional players.IndiaT he Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO)enjoys the Mangalyaan’s successful mission to Mars. On top of being the first country to successfully reach the red planet on its first voyage, India joins the Soviets, NASA and the European Space Agency(ESA) ad the only ones to accomplish deed.JapanAs the first Asian country to successfully launch a satellite into orbit-way back in 1970-Japan’s space program is one of Asia’s ol dest and technol ogically advanced. Whil e it has cooperated with the USA on missile（导弹）defense since 1999, it is currently starting a new era.New law has passed the space program to the authorities. The d oor has opened for limited military programs and this August, plans were announced to launch a military space force by 2019, designed to monitor dangerous debris(碎片) fl oating cl ose to earth an protecting satellites from conflicts or attacks.South KoreaWhile th korean Aerospace Research Institute(KARI) was established in 1989, south korean has been a relatively late entrant in Asia’s space race.Due to their cooperation with the US and out of concerns of accelerating a regional arms race with their neighbors, its space program was restricted to foreign collaboration-building, a network of communications an remote-sensing satellites with foreign technol ogy and launching their own scientific satellites on others boosters.In 2018, they signed a deal with Russia to aid in the construction of a space center on Verarod o Island, located in the strait sparating Korea from Japan.They also received three rockets to try to launch into orbit. After failures in 2018 and 2018, the third time was a charm with the country becoming the 11th nation to launch a satellite into orbit from its own。
2017-2018年上海延安中学高一上英语第一次月考
上海市延安中学2017学年第一学期高一年级英语第一次单元测试卷Ⅰ.Grammar and Vocabulary(18分)Section A(10分)Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.19.Which of the following is NOT the same in structure with the other three?A.City air is dirty and polluted.B.Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes.C.He didn’t take interest in law.D.Positive cues indicate the start of a conversation.20.Which of the following is compound sentence?A.Let’s begin our class meeting since everyone is here.B.The item you requested is no longer available.Therefore we are returning your cheque.C.Study hard,or you will fail in the exam.D.He swept and cleaned the floor in the classroom after school.21.At the beginning,I disagreed________what he proposed,but later I changed my mind after he explained it to me.A.toB.ofC.onD.with22.The first use of atomic weapon was in1945,and their power_________increased greatly ever since.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.had been23.I closed my eyes and imagined________on a beach in the sunshine with some ice cream at hand.A.to lieB.to be lyingC.lyingin24.Singapore’s government has insisted that everyone in the island nation should speak English. ___________,in the daily life,many people prefer to speak a confusing language---Singlish.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Moreover25.According to Youyou Tu,the Nobel Prize winner,time and efforts are worth_________while you are doing a research.A.spendingB.to be spentC.spendD.being spent26.He__________English for eight years by the time he graduate from the university next year.A.has been learningB.will be learningC.has learnedD.will have learned27.Progress so far has been very good._____________,we are sure that the project will be completed on time.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.For28.Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_________they are different from your own.A.untilB.even ifC.unlessD.as thoughSection B(8分)Directions:Complete the sentences with the phrases or words in the box.Each one can only beused once.There are two extras which you do not need.A.emphasizeB.dominantC.surviveD.dedicated toE.major AB.turn down AC.identify AD.rewardingBC.is capable of29.No one_______making everyone in the audience satisfied.30.He seems quite__________his work,but to be honest,it is because he is not efficient enough.31.After the________earthquake attack,nothing was left but dead silence in that small town.32.Perhaps the most__________moment for parents is to witness their efforts pay off in their children.33.Each nation wants to perform a_________role at such an international conference,but only those with powerful economic background can really have a say.34.Can you_________which is the elder brother between the twins,who are dressed exactly the same?35.After such a heavy snow,those who were trapped on the mountain top had little chance to ________.36.He offered her a trip to Australia but she decided to_________the invitation.Ⅱ.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions:For each blanks in the following passages there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerThe responsibilities of job,home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden.Enjoying quality leisure time becomes___(37)___.True leisure means engaging in a___(38)___and rewarding activity without being ___(39)___by other aspects of your life.Sometimes,the stress you___(40)___during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off.You hope to relax,but the pressure is___(41)___.You can't rest even when you have the time to do so.When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to___(42)___from the daily schedule.If you routinely___(43)___your leisure time because you have"more important things to do,"you may be underestimating how much time the things___(44)___take.Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task.The problem is a___(45)___to evaluate performance honestly.___(46)___,simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun.Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your___(47)___:Devote one afternoon or evening per week___(48)___to doing something that you enjoy,listening to music,assembling a jigsaw puzzle.Do___(49)__ you always wish to but never seem to find time for.And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other obligations(责任).Choose Low-Tech:The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life hasdiverted(偏离)attention from the simple pleasures of many___(50)___pastimes.People think they must have the best,most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves.When keeping up with trends becomes the___(51)___,the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.37.A.necessary B.difficult C.decent D.incapable38.A.illegal B.insulting C.typical D.enjoyable39.A.preoccupied B.ashamed C.indicated D.inspired40.A.favour B.utilize C.finance D.experience41.A.huge B.reasonable C.weird D.sustainable42.A.destroy B.consider C.disappear D.recognize43.A.estimate B.abandon C.fulfill D.expand44.A.efficiently B.universally C.actually D.equally45.A.variety B.delay C.record D.failure46.A.However B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Therefore47.A.Campaigns B.Desires C.Images D.Tasks48.A.occasionally B.dramatically C.creatively D.entirely49.A.whenever B.whatever C.however D.wherever50.A.alternative B.uncommon C.traditional D.physical51.A.attempt B.feast C.source D.focusSection B(16+4分)Directions:Read the following passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Imagine being a famous writer or a poet.What would life be like?Sitting at desk all day long writing down inspiring words?Racking one’s brain for hours until inspiration comes? Actually,such a portrayal is very much mistaken.The truth is most writers need a day job to earn their living,and even after rising to fame,some of them still keep their day jobs for various reasons.As writing was not profitable in itself, many authors needed a day job for financial support.The famous British writer Virginia Woof ran a publishing house apart from writing.She founded it together with her husband and it was they who first discovered and published T.S.Eliot’s well-known poem The Waste Land.T.S.Eliot himself worked as a bank clerk for nearly a decade,during which time he completed and published The West Land.Then he also chose publishing as a day job and joined a publishingcompany called Faber&Faber.Some writers remained passionate about their day jobs and were reluctant to leave them even they became famous.Lewis Carroll,the writer of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,was actually a mathematician.He wrote a lot of books on mathematics under his real name,Charles Dodgson.The day job that took up nearly half of his lifetime was being a teacher at Christ Church,the largest college of the University of Oxford.He taught there for26 years until his death.To some writers,a day job was also a good source of writing material. Herman Melville,now one of the most recognized writers in Americas,had to take up any job that paid the bills.He used to work as a surveyor,a shipman,a teacher,a lecturer and a customs inspector.His most significant working experience was being a shipman on a whaler(捕鲸船)in the Pacific,from which he drew inspiration for Moby Dick(《白鲸记》).52.Which of the following is NOT a reason why authors keep day jobs?A.To support their lifeB.To collect writing materialsC.To pay the billsD.To have a high social status.53.Which of these authors worked as a teacher?A.T.S.EliotB.Virgina WoolfC.Ernest HemmingwayD.Lewis Carroll54.T.S.Eliot leave the bank_____________.A.when he was writing The Waste LandB.when he met Virinia WoolfC.after he pubished The Waste LandD.after he joined Faber&Faber55.According to the passage,what was Herman Melville’s life like?A.FamousB.LeisurelyC.PoorD.Successful(B)It is hard to calculate the number of festivals and holidays around the world because there are simply too many of them!People have all kinds of local festivals,and some international festivals are celebrated in different ways in various countries.Have you ever wondered why people need festivals?Some of the festivals come from religious beliefs,such as Christmas.It originated among Christians but has now become a public holiday for everyone around the world.However,there are other reasons why we hold festivals.They break up the flow of the year and blind us together as families and communities.Festivals and holidays are fun escape from our regular schedules.Without holidays our weeks would run together into years of boredom.What is October without children ringing our doorbells asking for candy?What is November without turkey on the table and family around it?What is February with no hear-shaped boxes decorating the kitchen counter?The answer is:boring months.We also celebrate festivals because they are reasons to reconnected with family and long lost friends.Many people do not have the freedom to meet families and close friends at any time. Festivals and holidays give us the chance.Furthermore,festivals,festivals bring us together as a community.Many people make holidays the times they reach out to other people.The bright and hearts decorating department stores in February,the blinking lights hanging on lamp posts in December—these help us feel connected to something larger than ourselves.In a world where get-toghers and barbecues do not happen as much as they used to in decades past,in a world where no one borrow sugar from his or her neighbor any longer or bakes a cake when someone moves on to the block,festivals tie us together.Therefore,everyone should make the most of their festival times.Get out and decorate your home at Christmastime.Surprise your spouse,boyfriend or girlfriend with a Valentine’s Day gift. And definitely have fun at Halloween.Even if you do not enjoy Halloween,I guarantee the children in your neighborhood will appreciate your dressing up,putting a graveyard in your front yard and passing out candy!56.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Holidays and festivals are an important part of culture.B.People celebrate the same festivals in different ways.C.Festivals make us feel closer to each other.D.Christmas is a festival only for Christians.57.What does the underlined word”originate”(in the second paragraph)mean in this article?A.take placeB.celebratee into beingD.invite58.Why do festivals connect families and friends?A.Because people have the chance to meet each other.B.Because department stores and lamp posts are decorated.C.Because we cann’t escape from work and fixed schedules.D.Because we feel we are a community.59.What does the fifth paragraph suggest?A.People do not go to barbecues nowdays.B.We don’t have as strong as a sense of community as we used to.C.Few people give food to neighbors.D.There are fewer social activities we enjoy during festivals.Section C(4分)Directions:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank.There are two extra statements,which you do not need.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy.They stare off into space and wander by themselves.They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.__60__Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First,understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__61__And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__62__Finally,you never know what a wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.___63__Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.Without wandering minds,we wouldn’t have relatively,Coke or Post-it notes.C.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.D.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm andattentive.E.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may behard to understand.F.Therefore,it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re inthe daydream zone.第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks according to the text you’ve learned.(10分)A.1.Fashion models wear the64.___________________of clothes and show them to usthrough television,newspapers and magazines.Fashion show program usually have65.________ _________________________.The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may66.______________________to the elderly,but a large number of young people enjoy67._______________________and want68.__________________________like the models. test styles65.a large audience66.seem strange67.following trends68.to be dressedB.Michelangelo69._____________________a poor family.He was trained at70._________ _________________________like any other craftsman in Italy.At thirteen,he started to work and learn in a workshop.The workshop71.___________________one of the leading masters at that time.In the workshop Michelangelo72._____________________________learn all the skills of sculpture.However,he wasn’t satisfied,and went to study the work of the great masters 73.______________________________.69.came from70.an early age71.belonged to72.was able to73.of the pastC.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.(4分)74.Take your time.I don’t mind___________(keep)waiting.75.By the time they returned almost a year later,his belongings andneighborhood___________.(destroy).76.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months,it will be a long time before we ___________(meet)them again.77.The traffic rule says that if a child_________（weigh）less than40pounds,he must be in a child safe seat.Ⅲ.Translation.(13分)78.父亲坚持要求他儿子不戴耳环。
上海市延安中学2017-2018学年高三上学期综合试卷(二语法与词汇部分)英语试题 Word版含答案
延安中学2017-2018学年高三综合试卷二（语法与词汇部分）Section ADirections: Read the following two passages: Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.ASeveral years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me:” You don’t look well” That completely took me by surprise, I told him I had never felt ___25_____ (well). Without hesitation he told me I looked terribly bad and my skin appeared yellow.When I felt the service station, ___26____(feel) a little uneasy, I pulled over to the side of road and look at my face in the mirror. How did I feel? Was everything all right? Had I picked up__27__ rare disease? Had I picked up hepatitis(肝炎)?The next time I drove into the service station, I figured out what___28____ (happen). The place had recently been painted a bright yellow, the light__29_____ (reflect) off the walks made someone inside look as though they had hepatitis. I wondered how many folks had reacted the way I did. I had let one short conversation with a total stranger__30____ (change) my attitude for an entire day. He told me I looked sick, and before long, I was actually feeling sick. That single negative observation had a profound effect___31___ the way I felt and acted.A little while later I saw how funny the incident was. I wonder how many other people that man had told they were ill __32____he realized that the service station had a paint job.BMy daughter and I were flying to spend a week with my husband in Florida. The plane was totally full. I had noticed some Boy Scouts (童子军) at the gate and promised to my daughter that if ____33___ happened, we would be OK with all those Scouts on our flight!Unfortunately, our seats were separated by the aisle(走道), Kallie was nervous about the trip and had counted on my reading to her the whole way. ___34____ (try) to read across the aisle would be a challenge.When the two passengers who shared my row boarded the plane, I asked if they ___35___ switch places with Kallie and me. They refused. Meanwhile, a mother and her three children were panicking several rows ahead of us. There had been a mistake with their boarding passes, and the whole family__36___ (split) up. The passengers in her row also refused to move. The mother was concerned about the younger boy sitting with strangers.Suddenly the Scout leader stood up and said, “Ma’am, we can help you.” He then spent five minutes rearranging his group. The mother’s relief was obvious.Kallie, however, was still upset. I told her that there wasn’t anything___37____ I could do; we would have to sit____38___ we were. Gradually, the man sitting next to the Scoutmaster (not a Scout himself) turned around and asked, “would you and your daughter like our seats?” We traded seats and continued our trip, very much ___39____(relieve) to be together.Would that man have offered us his seat if the Scouts hadn’t done so for the mom andher children?I don’t know. But the belief lives on in my mind ___40____kindness is contagious(蔓延)！答案：25. better 26.feeling 27.a 28.had happened29.reflecting 30.change 31.on 32.before 33.anything34.Trying 35.could 36.has been split 37.that 38.where39.relieved 40.thatSection B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.Sports would not be sports without its rivalries. Lin Dan and Lee Chong Wei, Sun Yang and Park Tae-hwan, Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte-these friendly rivalries contributed to some of the most __41__ moments at the London Olympics. In fact, new research on rivalry suggests rivals like Phelps and Lochte are both the better Athletes for their epic battle to be the best.“ A rivalry in this kind of ___42___is apt(倾向于) to benefit these swimmers’ motivation and performance,’ said Gavin Kilduff, an assistant professor at New York University who studies the causes and consequences of rivalry.Intense rivalries ___43___for three reasons, according to past research by Kilduff and colleagues. First, competitors turn into rivals when they feel similar to one another, both in terms of characteristics and abilities. Second, a rivalry builds the more times two competitors face off. It further _44__when past contests have been closely decided.“That could be in part because if you win or lose by a very small margin, you __45___that the opposite could have happened; that can be very emotionally ___46___situation that lives on in your mind,” said Kilduff.Research by Kilduff and colleagues suggests that the rivalry between Phelps and Lochte could be shaving as much as two percent off their times. Looking at the performance of 82 amateur runners of five-kilometer races over the course of six years, the researchers found that the runner ran, on average, 25 seconds faster when they competed against a runner who fit the __47_____of being their rival.Although one cannot always reliably apply that number to other sports or situation, Kilduff said the message is clear:” Rivalries produce a(n) ___48____performance boost.”That holds true for everyone. Kilduff found that having a rival in school, the workplace, or on a sports team__49____ and energizes us. There’s a dark side, however: Kilduff also found that people in a rivalry more often cheat or lie when given the _____50_____In short, when you have a rival,” you’re going to put forth more effort,” he said,” but you’re also going to cut corners and just do whatever it takes to win."答案：41. F 42.E 43.H 44.A 45.B 46.I 47.D 48.J 49.K 50.G。
【全国百强校】2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语试题
上海中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23 social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28 toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become 33 that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business. Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43 or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like each other or they don’t.You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a 49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to 54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even so me “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them.I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable.This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did my thoughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D. anxious57.How can this philosophy change the way we live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too much to follow59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men. However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD. available61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90 minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however –many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables (排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body of knowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be true makesimpossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have beenunsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and think of themas disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both forthe child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if the child knowsthem to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about the friends’parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how muchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。
上海市延安中学2017届高三上学期综合试卷(二语法与词汇部分)英语试题 Word版含答案
延安中学高三综合试卷二（语法与词汇部分）Section ADirections: Read the following two passages: Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.ASeveral years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me:” You don’t look well” That completely took me by surprise, I told him I had never felt ___25_____ (well). Without hesitation he told me I looked terribly bad and my skin appeared yellow.When I felt the service station, ___26____(feel) a little uneasy, I pulled over to the side of road and look at my face in the mirror. How did I feel? Was everything all right? Had I picked up__27__ rare disease? Had I picked up hepatitis(肝炎)?The next time I drove into the service station, I figured out what___28____ (happen). The place had recently been painted a bright yellow, the light__29_____ (reflect) off the walks made someone inside look as though they had hepatitis. I wondered how many folks had reacted the way I did. I had let one short conversation with a total stranger__30____ (change) my attitude for an entire day. He told me I looked sick, and before long, I was actually feeling sick. That single negative observation had a profound effect___31___ the way I felt and acted.A little while later I saw how funny the incident was. I wonder how many other people that man had told they were ill __32____he realized that the service station had a paint job.BMy daughter and I were flying to spend a week with my husband in Florida. The plane was totally full. I had noticed some Boy Scouts (童子军) at the gate and promised to my daughter that if ____33___ happened, we would be OK with all those Scouts on our flight!Unfortunately, our seats were separated by the aisle(走道), Kallie was nervous about the trip and had counted on my reading to her the whole way. ___34____ (try) to read across the aisle would be a challenge.When the two passengers who shared my row boarded the plane, I asked if they ___35___ switch places with Kallie and me. They refused. Meanwhile, a mother and her three children were panicking several rows ahead of us. There had been a mistake with their boarding passes, and the whole family__36___ (split) up. The passengers in her row also refused to move. The mother was concerned about the younger boy sitting with strangers.Suddenly the Scout leader stood up and said, “Ma’am, we can help you.” He then spent five minutes rearranging his group. The mother’s relief was obvious.Kallie, however, was still upset. I told her that there wasn’t anything___37____ I could do; we would have to sit____38___ we were. Gradually, the man sitting next to the Scoutmaster (not a Scout himself) turned around and asked, “would you and your daughter like our seats?” We traded seats and continued our trip, very much ___39____(relieve) to be together.Would that man have offered us his seat if the Scouts hadn’t done so for the mom andher children?I don’t know. But the belief lives on in my mind ___40____kindness is contagious(蔓延)！答案：25. better 26.feeling 27.a 28.had happened29.reflecting 30.change 31.on 32.before 33.anything34.Trying 35.could 36.has been split 37.that 38.where39.relieved 40.thatSection B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.Sports would not be sports without its rivalries. Lin Dan and Lee Chong Wei, Sun Yang and Park Tae-hwan, Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte-these friendly rivalries contributed to some of the most __41__ moments at the London Olympics. In fact, new research on rivalry suggests rivals like Phelps and Lochte are both the better Athletes for their epic battle to be the best.“ A rivalry in this kind of ___42___is apt(倾向于) to benefit these swimmers’ motivation and performance,’ said Gavin Kilduff, an assistant professor at New York University who studies the causes and consequences of rivalry.Intense rivalries ___43___for three reasons, according to past research by Kilduff and colleagues. First, competitors turn into rivals when they feel similar to one another, both in terms of characteristics and abilities. Second, a rivalry builds the more times two competitors face off. It further _44__when past contests have been closely decided.“That could be in part because if you win or lose by a very small margin, you __45___that the opposite could have happened; that can be very emotionally ___46___situation that lives on in your mind,” said Kilduff.Research by Kilduff and colleagues suggests that the rivalry between Phelps and Lochte could be shaving as much as two percent off their times. Looking at the performance of 82 amateur runners of five-kilometer races over the course of six years, the researchers found that the runner ran, on average, 25 seconds faster when they competed against a runner who fit the __47_____of being their rival.Although one cannot always reliably apply that number to other sports or situation, Kilduff said the message is clear:” Rivalries produce a(n) ___48____performance boost.”That holds true for everyone. Kilduff found that having a rival in school, the workplace, or on a sports team__49____ and energizes us. There’s a dark side, however: Kilduff also found that people in a rivalry more often cheat or lie when given the _____50_____In short, when you have a rival,” you’re going to put forth more effort,” he said,” but you’re also going to cut corners and just do whatever it takes to win."答案：41. F 42.E 43.H 44.A 45.B 46.I 47.D 48.J 49.K 50.G。
2023-2024学年上海延安中学高三上英语周测试题(一)及答案
2023-2024学年上海延安中学高三英语第一学期周测一I.Listening comprehension(略)II.Grammar and Vocabulary(30分)Section ADirections:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Left brain,meet right brain.Go forth and prosper.That could be the new formula for a successful career.The human brain,that extraordinary computer,is divided into two hemispheres, ____21____responsible for different skill sets.The left brain is popularly associated with logic and analytic thought;the right,with intuition and creativity.But many of the good jobs of the future,according to some employment experts,will require being good at using both sides of the brain.Burning Glass Technologies,a labor-market analytics firm in Boston,came up with the term "hybrid jobs"to describe the positions,which require skills not normally found together.For example,these hybrid jobs might require people____22____skills in data science and advertising,or engineering and sales.In its report,Burning Glass also differentiated between jobs that require lower and higher levels of hybridization,based mainly on the number of different skills required outside of a role's traditional requirements and____23____specialized or sophisticated those skills are.____24____Burning Glass forecasts overall job growth of about10%between2018and 2028,the Ann expects jobs that are the most hybridized____25____(grow)by21percent.What’s more,hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional constellation(一系列相关想法或事物)of skills.For those____26____start out on the technical side the payoff for adding social or creative skills can also be large.For instance,an engineer who sharpens his or her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for software company working closely with business clients,____27____more than double his or her earnings.People who fail to update their skills will qualify for fewer jobs.People in hybrid jobs arealso____28____(likely)to become professionally eliminated.Highly hybridized jobs have only 12percent risk of being automated____29____(compare)with a42percent risk for jobs overall, says Binning Glass.Hybrid jobs are typically not entry-level roles,so they are available mainly to workers who have some years of experience and crucially,additional training beyond college or____30____ associate degree that means workers,employers and educational institutions will have to figure out how to more systematically prepare individuals for these roles.(B)Facing ChallengesA couple of weeks ago,my grandfather was explaining his favorite expression,“Nothing is ever easy.”The following day,as I tried to complete my day's work,I happened(31)________ (notice)a bumblebee(大黄蜂)on the skylight(天窗).The skylight was particularly high up,but I thought removing the bee(32)________(take)no more than five minutes.An hour later,the bee still remained.What had changed was that the living room was a mess and(33)________I was dizzy from looking up into the sunlight I did not expect to waste an hour(34)________an insect so tiny,but by doing so,I understood what my grandfather meant.It is not only time that we tend to underestimate------we don’t account for unexpected costs. We often imagine what can work in our favor,but we seldom think of all the negative things(35) ________could affect us.However,it is important to remember that your day or week or year might not go(36)________planned,and that is completely normal.It is perfectly acceptable to feel challenged—even at a task you thought was simple—because that is part of life.If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy,then life might seem slightly(37) ________(manageable).In high school,I thought college might be easier because I could have a schedule best(38)________(suit)for myself Yet each time,1was both wrong and disappointed. After accepting that school wouldn't(and shouldn't)be easy,I found myself with a more positive attitude and improved results.Of course,there should be preparations made to account for expenses or time.Doing so can only help you accomplish your goals in a better way.However,there is no need to beat(39) ________up when something stands in our path.Maybe we cannot see a bee(40)________(come)our way;but we can always give ourselves the extra time to catch it.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.posedB.concernC.demandingD.potentialE.vitalityF.primarilyG.vulnerableH.literallypetitiveJ.alarmingK.appliedFifteen years ago,road crews began planting crown vetch(小冠花)along newly constructed highways to prevent soil erosion.Crown vetch is an aggressive ground cover plant with appealing flowers.Road improvement scars were quickly covered and erosion was no longer a/an ____41____.Then planners discovered a/an____42____problem.Crown vetch didn’t like staying in one place.If left unchecked,it could change the nation’s landscape as we know it. Most people pay little attention to this plant.Motorist use these roadways to get to a destination quickly.However,crown vetch matures into an18-inch high creeping,____43____plant that grows in all climates—wet or dry,hot or cold.It____44____begin to take over a roadside and nearby land overwhelming any vegetation in its path,including small trees.If this would happen, even the most unobservant driver would begin to notice a sameness in the vegetation mile after mile.Eventually,motorists would complain,____45____that the government do something about the problem.If crown vetch really took hold in an area,local crops and gardens could be at risk.According to Art Gover of Pennsylvania State University,crown vetch sprouts（发芽）from rhizomes (underground root runners)and seeds,which makes it fast growing and difficult to eliminate.The rhizomes can be up to10feet in length.As a result,crown vetch could easily overwhelm backyard gardens or croplands near roadsides.To eliminate the problem,strong chemicals may have to be ____46____to an infested（大批滋生的）area.Unfortunately,chemicals could kill any nearby desirable plants or contaminate the soil.Otherwise,fires would have to be set in these areas year after year.The greatest danger____47____by crown vetch is its____48____to invade and destroyany prairie（牧场）habitats.Native prairie land is unique to interior parts of the United States, ____49____in the plain states.Most of the original prairie is gone,and crown vetch could threaten what remains.A prairie needs to maintain a special balance of native plants and animals, and the introduction of crown vetch into the area would certainly destroy that balance.Fires, historically caused by lightning storms,help maintain the health and____50____of the prairies. However,if crown vetch were in the area,the plant bums too quickly and without the necessary heat to aid in prairie regeneration.It would be a tragedy to lose what remains of the nation's prairie lands because of an invasive plant,such as crown vetch.III.Reading Comprehension（60分）Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Only one class at Greendale High School let students dress up like singing candlesticks, carved rocks from foam,and play double-blind freeze.The class is Drama and Theatre,which is taught by Mr.Maclay.But it isn't all fun and games.The course also includes a____51____study of plays throughout time and____52____of how plays are put together.Drama and Theatre begins by____53____knowledge into students heads and ends by requiring students to pull out that knowledge onstage.The first half of the course____54____drama,which is the study of the history variety, and structure of plays.The course covers plays that range from ancient to modern,from classics by playwrights like Shakespeare and O'Neil to obscure(鲜为人知的)and____55____plays. Students learn to interpret drama,which is an essential skill for anyone in theatre.Actors and directors must interpret drama to give a/an authentic performance;technical people must interpret drama to design effective sets,lighting and sound;and theater managers and promoters must interpret drama to____56____shows and attract audiences.The second half of the course focuses on theater---which is the art of putting on a play. Students must complete projects in many areas of theatre production:lighting,set and costume design,makeup,stage management,directing,and acting.This requirement means that everyone learns what it is like for the other people involved in a production.Often,actors and crews hangtogether and____57____other groups in case of interference.By the time of our final production, our class was a____58____theatre group that worked well together under stress.The best feature of the class,____59____,is Mr.Maclay himself whose____60____of teaching and acting is expressed in the words of Polonius“To thine(古英语：你的)own self be true”(Hamlet1.3.78).Mr.Maclay has appeared in famous regional theaters and has performed with prestigious theatre companies.He has a wealth of knowledge and stories that he uses as he teaches.____61____,instead of simply saying that mistakes happen onstage,Mr.Maclay tells how he once____62____on his coat and almost knocked the other actor off the stage.His stories are educational,entertaining and inspirational.Mr.Maclay expects a great deal of himself and of his students and he inspires everyone to____63____to the challenge.Sometimes,however,Mr.Maclay's ambitions____64____his students'abilities.For example,he requires each student to memorize a Shakespearean soliloquy(独白)and recite it for the class.After the students nervously deliver their speeches,Mr.Maclay calls them up again to redeliver the soliloquies in different ways:as fast as possible,as loud as possible,sarcastically, with gestures for each word,like cartoon characters.Few students can meet this challenge. Overall,Drama and Theatre is a fascinating course.Mr.Maclay expects great things of his students,and most often students____65____themselves by meeting or exceeding his expectations.Even when Mr.Maclay pushes students beyond their abilities,they realize how much they need to learn.He teaches his students that“We are such stuff as dreams are made on”(The Tempest4.1.156).A.separateB.severeC.seriousD.secureA.assumptionB.analysisC.assemblyD.admissionA.pouringB.pullingC.pushingD.plungingA.is devoted toB.is committed toC.is adapted toD.is addicted to A.extraordinary B.extensive C.experimental D.expensiveA.performB.designC.writeD.scheduleA.concludeB.excludeC.includeD.precludeA.dark-horseB.white-faceC.double-dealerD.close-knitA.thoughB.thereforeC.whileD.thusA.psychologyB.philosophyC.procedureD.priorityA.By contrastB.For instanceC.What’s moreD.After allA.trippedB.putC.carriedD.focusedA.relateB.respondC.resolveD.riseA.underestimateB.overestimateC.exceedD.proceedA.enjoyB.behaveC.relaxD.surpriseDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sherlock Holmes once asked Dr Watson about“the curious incident of the dog in the night-time”.When Watson pointed out that the dog did nothing in the night-time,Holmes responded,“That was the curious incident”.In The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time,Mark Haddon introduces another detective obsessed with discovering the truth.Christopher is a fifteen year old autistic savant who has trouble understanding other people but knows every prime number(质数)up to7,057.The story begins when Christopher discovers a crime scene across the street:a dog named Wellington lies dead.When the dog's owner found him there,he was suspected and put to jail. After being got out by his father;he pledges to solve the mystery of its death.As Christopher investigates the killing,he is directly confronted with a deeper mystery: other human beings.Like most people with autism,Christopher has trouble reading single facial expressions.People are confusing to him.By contrast,he likes dogs because he can always tell what they are thinking.They have only four moods,happy,sad,cross and concentrating.And they don't lie since they can’t talk.Haddon deepens the theme of mystery by exploring the complexities of human language, For example,Christopher never lies.A lie means saying something happened that didn't happen and Christopher cannot see the point of it.For him,the only things worth speaking about are facts and mathematics.Christopher also doesn't understand jokes and metaphors,such as"apple of my eye".He writes,“When I try and make a picture of the phrase in my head,it just confuses mebecause imagining an apple in someone's eye doesn't have anything to do with liking someone a lot.Christopher's quest for truth leads him inevitably to discover even deeper mysteries.Two years before the beginning of the story,Christopher's mother died of a sudden heart attack.At that time,Mrs.Shears,the neighbor woman who owned Wellington became a family friend who helped him deal with their grief Her friendship with them ended on the night that Wellington was killed.But the question is whether the friendship ended because of the dog's death or the dog died because the friendship ended.As Christopher investigates,he strips away years'woith of lies and discovers the truth.At the beginning of the book,Christopher writes,"This is a murder mystery novel",but it is much more than that Haddon uses the theme of mystery to show how deeply mysterious human expressions,language and relationships are to a person with autism.At first,the book seems to show the limits of being autistic,but in the end,it shows the limits of being normal.Christopher himself describes it best in the final sentence of the book:"And I know I can do this because I went to London on my own,because I solved the mystery of Who Killed Wellington?...and l was brave and I wrote a book and that means I can do anything."66.What can we infer from the conversation between Sherlock Holmes and Dr.Watson?A.Holmes was curious about dogs,behavior at nightB.Dr.Watson was not as curious about dogs as Holmes.C.Dogs are usually alert and active in the night-time.D.The dog mentioned by them was already killed.67.Which description may confuse Christopher most?A.The boy is as tall as you.B.The boy is six feet tall.C.The girl often tell jokes.D.The girl has a heart of stone.68.According to the passage,which statement is NOT true?A.Autistic child as Christopher is,he has a talent for mathematics.pared to humans,dogs are more understandable to Christopher.C.Mrs.Shears suspected Christopher of killing the dog named Wellington.D.Christopher witnessed the killing crime of the dog named Wellington.69.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A.To provoke thought on“the limits of being normal”.B.To tell a story about the curious incident of a dog.C.To specify the trouble facing the autistic.D.To introduce the detection of an autistic savant(B)A Force-field Umbrella to Stop RainADRIENNE ANGELOS VIA FACEBOOKAn energy field that avoids your energy---or a downpour---would be neat.But given that it defies gravity,it belongs solely to the world of -science-fiction,according to Caltech physicist Philip Hopkins.However,you might be able to feign(佯作)a force field,he says,by positioninglenses at various angles so they bend light and make an umbrella appearinvisible,thus stopping rain and arousing awe.Hopkins has made similar"invisible”objects,but no one has found a way to perform the trick with anumbrella-yet.A Way to Redistribute Excess Rainfall to Drought-Stricken AreasJOW BROWN(EIC OF POPSCI)VlA TWITTERNearly every water-ferrying proposal struggle on the same challenge.Water weighs a ton.Literally.A cubic meter of it-the size of a washingmachine-tips the scales at2,000pounds.A convoy of trucks or cargo shipscarrying the stuff might quench a short-term thirst.But the fuel costs,saysDavid Cwiertny,a civil engineer at Lowa State University,would sink yourefforts.A hundreds-mile-long canal would also work,but it would take atleast five years to finish.By then,your drought might be over.A Pill That Stops AgingASKS@1CENTTHINKE VlA TWITTERIt’s unlikely that any medicine will unlock the secret toimmortality,but certain drugs might slow our decline.One,calledrapamycin,tricks cell into thinking they're starving,which allowsthem to better resist DNA damage and other stressors,and thuslive longer.One study found it extended mice's life spans by 25percent.Longevity researchers such as Matt Kaeberlein at theUniversity of'Washington,are now testing rapamycin on dogs.But getting it ok’d for humans will be hard;the FDA (Food andDrug Administration)doesn't consider aging a medical condition.A Way to Be Productive While You SleepASKS JUSTIN RODGERS VIA FACIBOOKIt would be the ultimate life hack:Instead of wasting one thirdof your days staring at the back of your eyelids,find a way to makeuse of those lost hours.But Matthew Walker,a sleep researcher atthe University of California at Berkeley,says that's a backward wayof thinking.Napping is extremely productive,he counters.One keystudy found participants who lost between one and five hours ofsleep saw steady declines in scores on tests that measure reaction,speeds to visual stimuli.The efiects worsened with each additionallost hour of sleep.70.What can be learned from the passage?A.A force-field umbrella in the future can defy gravity.B.A water-carrying canal cost as much as the trucks and cargo ships,C.The anti-aging pills might face the problem of government approval.D.The more you sleep,the more declines in scores on tests concerning reaction.71.The underlined word "quench"is closest in meaning to ________.A.extinguishC.modifyD.relieve B.intensify72.The inventions mentioned above share one similarity that________.A.all of them will be mass produced soonB.none of them will become a reality in the fixtureC.all of them meet with the contradiction of scientistsD.all of the ideas presented through social media（C）Airplane emissions are a big problem for the climate—and steadily rising.If the aviation sector were a country,it would rank seventh worldwide in carbon pollution.Experts predict that aircraft emissions,on their current trajectory(轨道),will triple by2050as demand for flights increases.To prevent this dire scenario,a team of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,along with government and industry collaborators,is attempting to fundamentally redesign airplanes.Their concept,named the"double-bubble"D8,could significantly reduce aviation's carbon footprint and improve fuel efficiency if validated in full-scale tests.It calls for major changes to the standard180-passenger Boeing737and Airbus A320aircraft—for example,the fuselage(机身)has a wider,more oval shape than a conventional jet.“It's like two bubbles[joined]side by side,”explains Alejandra Uranga,an assistant professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering now at the University of Southern California.This modification lets the fuselage itself generate some lift,says Uranga,who is a co-principal investigator for the project,alongside Edard Greitzer of M.LT.The altered body shape allows the wings and tail to be smaller and lighter,and the aircraft's nose is also more aerodynamic.The most significant change,though,is the engine position.Air slows down as it flows over the top of a convention,thereby creating drag and making the craft less efficient.But the D8 design moves the jet’s engines from their usual spot underneath the wings to atop the plane's body, by the tail---where they suck in and re-accelerate the slow layer of air,greatly reducing drag.These alterations would make the aircraft use37percent less fuel than a typical passenger jet, Uranga says.The project’s chief engineer Marie Drela,Uranga,Greitzer and their collaborators at NASA,Aurora Flight Sciences and Pratt&Whitney have already built and tested an11th-scale model of the aircraft in a NASA wind bining the new design with future technologicaladvances could further reduce fuel use and ultimately add up to66percent in fuel savings in two decades,Uranga says.Other experts note that the D8's developers must still overcome economic obstacles while ensuring that the engines are strong enough to handle the new configuration(配置).Still,“it’s a very compelling idea and design,”says Brian J.German,an aerospace engineer at the Georgia Institute of Technology,who was not involved in the work.Aurora is now exploring the development of a half-scale prototype（样本）plane.If the effort succeeds,travelers may fly in one of these jets as soon as2035.73.What's the main purpose of the author to compare the aviation sector to a country in Para.1?A.To make the writing more vivid with such an analogy.B.To stress the severity of air pollution caused by aviation.C.Because the growth of aviation is the symbol of a country.D.Because aviation plays as important a role as a country.74.What is the vital shift in the new design?A.The concept which is named the"double-bubble"D8.B.The standard180-passenger Boeing737and Airbus A320aircraft.C.The fuselage of the aircraft changing into a wider,more oval shape.D.The airplane’s engines being moved to top of the plane’s body.75.What can we learn from the passage?1Aviation’s carbon footprint can be as much as three times by the first half of this century.2The fuselage of the aircraft will be equipped with two bubbles(joined)side by side.3Becoming smaller and lighter,the nose of the airplane is more aerodynamic.420years later,the amount of fuel used in the aircraft will be nearly⅓the size at present.A.①③B.②③C.①④D.③④76.What may be the best title for this passage?A.Airplane emissionsB.Carbon footprintC.Greener skiesD.A new aircraft design(D)Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure"gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted hi California,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an"important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon,where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on avariety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are lately self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.77.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________A.help little to reduce gender bias.B.pose a threat to the state government.C.raise women's position in politics.D.greatly broaden career options.78.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A.It has irritated private business owners.B.It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.C.It may go against the Constitution.D.It will settle the prior controversies.79.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate________A.the harm from arbitrary board decision.B.the importance of constitutional guarantees.C.the pressure on women in global corporations.D.the needlessness of government interventions.80.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to________A.the underestimation of elite women’s role.B.the objection to female participation on boards.C.the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D.the growing tension between labor and management81.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Women's need in employment should be considered.B.Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy-making.C.Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D.Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Section CDirections:Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.All of them greatly influenced the lands they invaded and changed the course of history wherever they went.B.They were hungry to fight and greedy for riches.C.Vikings are often pictured as tall,muscular people wearing helmets with horns.D.The word Viking comes from an Old Norse word vik,meaning a bay.E.Yet,their greatest attributes may have been their love of exploration and their courage to seek the edges of the vast,unknown ocean.F.However,Vikings were not only interested in plunder.What do you think of when you hear the word Vikings?Were Vikings fierce warriors or skilled explored?Do you think of them as merchants who travel the world or do you think of them as epic poets?The Vikings excelled at all these roles and were also accomplished scientists, farmers,shipwrights and fisherfolk.We tend to think of Vikings as large and powerful raiders whose quick attacks from the sea struck fear and terror into the hearts of people across Europe.It is true that the Vikings were brave warriors who seldom lost a battle and that their reputation as fierce fighters scared everyone.____82____.The great age of the Vikings spanned the years between AD793and1066.In that short amount of time the Vikings ranged far from their harsh northern homelands,soling west to discover Iceland,Greenland,and North America,long before Christopher Columbus was even born.Seeking riches,they invaded many cities throughout Europe,Russia,North Africa,and even the Middle East.Their ships were fast and could carry many warriors.Some of their ships even carried horses. Using their sailing skills,thirst for adventure and bravery,the Vikings conquered many lands.People during the Viking age called Vikings the Nordic people or Norsemen---men from the north.They were as harsh and rugged as the coastal lands from which they came---lands that we now know as Norway,Sweden,and Denmark At that early time,all Nordic people spoke one language.That language has been almost entirely preserved in the modern-day speech of the。
2017-2018学年延安中学高一第一学期英语试卷
上海市延安中学2017学年第一学期高一年级英语第一次单元测试卷Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary (18分)Section A (10分)Directions : Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.19. Which of the following is NOT the same in structure with the other three?A. City air is dirty and polluted.B. Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes.C. He didn’t take interest in law.D. Positive cues indicate the start of a conversation.20. Which of the following is compound sentence?A. Let’s begin our class meeting since everyone is here.B. The item you requested is no longer available. Therefore we are returning your cheque.C. Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.D. He swept and cleaned the floor in the classroom after school.21. At the beginning , I disagreed ________what he proposed , but later I changed my mind after he explained it to me.A. toB. ofC. onD. with22. The first use of atomic weapon was in 1945, and their power _________increased greatly ever since.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been23. I closed my eyes and imagined ________on a beach in the sunshine with some ice cream at hand.A. to lieB. to be lyingC. lyingD. lain24. Singapore’s government has insisted that everyone in the island nation should speak English. ___________, in the daily life, many people prefer to speak a confusing language---Singlish.A. BesidesB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. Moreover25. According to Youyou Tu, the Nobel Prize winner , time and efforts are worth _________while you are doing a research.A. spendingB. to be spentC. spendD. being spent26. He__________English for eight years by the time he graduate from the university next year.A. has been learningB. will be learningC. has learnedD. will have learned27. Progress so far has been very good. _____________, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. For28. Allow children the space to voice their opinions , _________they are different from your own.A. untilB. even ifC. unlessD. as thoughSection B (8分)Directions: Complete the sentences with the phrases or words in the box. Each one can only beused once. There are two extras which you do not need.29. No one _______making everyone in the audience satisfied.30. He seems quite __________his work, but to be honest, it is because he is not efficient enough.31. After the ________earthquake attack, nothing was left but dead silence in that small town.32. Perhaps the most __________moment for parents is to witness their efforts pay off in their children.33. Each nation wants to perform a _________role at such an international conference , but only those with powerful economic background can really have a say.34. Can you _________which is the elder brother between the twins, who are dressed exactly the same?35. After such a heavy snow, those who were trapped on the mountain top had little chance to ________.36. He offered her a trip to Australia but she decided to _________the invitation.Ⅰ. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions : For each blanks in the following passages there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answerThe responsibilities of job, home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden. Enjoying quality leisure time becomes ___(37)___.True leisure means engaging in a ___(38)___ and rewarding activity without being ___(39)___ by other aspects of your life. Sometimes, the stress you___(40)___ during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off. You hope to relax, but the pressure is ___(41)___. You can't rest even when you have the time to do so. When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to ___(42)___ from the daily schedule.If you routinely ___(43)___ your leisure time because you have "more important things to do," you may be underestimating how much time the things ___(44)___ take. Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task. The problem is a ___(45)___ to evaluate performance honestly.___(46)___, simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun. Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your ___(47)___: Devote one afternoon or evening per week ___(48)___ to doing something that you enjoy, listening to music, assembling a jigsaw puzzle. Do ___(49)__ you always wish to but never seem to find time for. And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other obligations(责任).Choose Low-Tech: The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life hasdiverted(偏离) attention from the simple pleasures of many ___(50)___ pastimes. People think they must have the best, most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves. When keeping up with trends becomes the ___(51)___, the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.37. A. necessary B. difficult C. decent D. incapable38.A. illegal B. insulting C. typical D. enjoyable39.A. preoccupied B. ashamed C. indicated D. inspired40.A. favour B. utilize C. finance D. experience41.A. huge B. reasonable C. weird D. sustainable42.A. destroy B. consider C. disappear D. recognize43.A. estimate B. abandon C. fulfill D. expand44.A. efficiently B. universally C. actually D. equally45.A. variety B. delay C. record D. failure46.A. However B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. Therefore47.A. Campaigns B. Desires C. Images D. Tasks48.A. occasionally B. dramatically C. creatively D. entirely49.A. whenever B.whatever C. however D. wherever50.A. alternative B. uncommon C. traditional D. physical51.A. attempt B.feast C. source D. focusSection B (16+4 分)Directions : Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Imagine being a famous writer or a poet. What would life be like? Sitting at desk all day long writing down inspiring words? Racking one’s brain for hours until inspiration comes? Actually , such a portrayal is very much mistaken. The truth is most writers need a day job to earn their living, and even after rising to fame, some of them still keep their day jobs for various reasons.As writing was not profitable in itself, many authors needed a day job for financial support. The famous British writer Virginia Woof ran a publishing house apart from writing. She founded it together with her husband and it was they who first discovered and published T.S. Eliot’s well-known poem The Waste Land. T.S. Eliot himself worked as a bank clerk for nearly a decade, during which time he completed and published The West Land. Then he also chose publishing as a day job and joined a publishing company called Faber&Faber.Some writers remained passionate about their day jobs and were reluctant to leave them even they became famous. Lewis Carroll, the writer of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was actually a mathematician. He wrote a lot of books on mathematics under his real name, Charles Dodgson. The day job that took up nearly half of his lifetime was being a teacher at Christ Church, the largest college of the University of Oxford. He taught there for 26 years until his death.To some writers , a day job was also a good source of writing material. Herman Melville , now one of the most recognized writers in Americas, had to take up any job that paid the bills. He used to work as a surveyor, a shipman, a teacher, a lecturer and a customs inspector. His most significant working experience was being a shipman on a whaler(捕鲸船) in the Pacific, from which he drew inspiration for Moby Dick(《白鲸记》).52. Which of the following is NOT a reason why authors keep day jobs?A. To support their lifeB. To collect writing materialsC. To pay the billsD. To have a high social status.53. Which of these authors worked as a teacher?A. T.S.EliotB. Virgina WoolfC. Ernest HemmingwayD. Lewis Carroll54. T.S. Eliot leave the bank _____________.A. when he was writing The Waste LandB. when he met Virinia WoolfC. after he pubished The Waste LandD. after he joined Faber& Faber55. According to the passage , what was Herman Melville’s life like?A. FamousB. LeisurelyC. PoorD. Successful( B)It is hard to calculate the number of festivals and holidays around the world because there are simply too many of them! People have all kinds of local festivals, and some international festivals are celebrated in different ways in various countries. Have you ever wondered why people need festivals?Some of the festivals come from religious beliefs, such as Christmas. It originated among Christians but has now become a public holiday for everyone around the world. However, there are other reasons why we hold festivals. They break up the flow of the year and blind us together as families and communities.Festivals and holidays are fun escape from our regular schedules. Without holidays our weeks would run together into years of boredom. What is October without children ringing our doorbells asking for candy? What is November without turkey on the table and family around it? What is February with no hear-shaped boxes decorating the kitchen counter? The answer is : boring months.We also celebrate festivals because they are reasons to reconnected with family and long lost friends. Many people do not have the freedom to meet families and close friends at any time. Festivals and holidays give us the chance. Furthermore, festivals, festivals bring us together as a community. Many people make holidays the times they reach out to other people. The bright and hearts decorating department stores in February, the blinking lights hanging on lamp posts in December—these help us feel connected to something larger than ourselves.In a world where get-toghers and barbecues do not happen as much as they used to in decades past, in a world where no one borrow sugar from his or her neighbor any longer or bakes a cake when someone moves on to the block, festivals tie us together.Therefore, everyone should make the most of their festival times. Get out and decorate your home at Christmastime. Surprise your spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend with a Valentine’s Day gift. And definitely have fun at Halloween. Even if you do not enjoy Halloween, I guarantee the children in your neighborhood will appreciate your dressing up, putting a graveyard in your front yard and passing out candy!56. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Holidays and festivals are an important part of culture.B. People celebrate the same festivals in different ways.C. Festivals make us feel closer to each other.D. Christmas is a festival only for Christians.57. What does the underlined word” originate” (in the second paragraph) mean in this article?A. take placeB. celebrateC. come into beingD. invite58. Why do festivals connect families and friends?A. Because people have the chance to meet each other.B. Because department stores and lamp posts are decorated.C. Because we cann’t escape from work and fixed schedules.D. Because we feel we are a community.59. What does the fifth paragraph suggest?A. People do not go to barbecues nowdays.B. We don’t have as strong as a sense of community as we used to.C. Few people give food to neighbors.D. There are fewer social activities we enjoy during festivals.Section C (4 分)Directions : Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __60__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__61__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__62__Finally, you never know what a wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.___63__Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.C. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.D. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm andattentive.E. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may behard to understand.F. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re inthe daydream zone.第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks according to the text you’ve learned.(10分)A. 1. Fashion models wear the 64._________ __________of clothes and show them to us through television, newspapers and magazines. Fashion show program usually have 65.________ _____________ ____________. The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may66.___________ ___________to the elderly, but a large number of young people enjoy67.____________ ___________and want 68.________ _________ _________like the models. 64. latest styles 65. a large audience 66. seem strange 67. following trends 68. to be dressedB. Michelangelo 69.__________ ___________a poor family. He was trained at 70._________ ______________ ___________like any other craftsman in Italy. At thirteen, he started to work and learn in a workshop. The workshop 71._________ __________one of the leading masters at that time. In the workshop Michelangelo 72._________ __________ __________learn all the skills of sculpture. However, he wasn’t satisfied , and went to study the work of the great masters 73.__________ __________ __________.69. came from 70. an early age 71. belonged to 72. was able to 73.of the pastC.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given. (4分)74. Take your time. I don’t mind ___________(keep) waiting.75. By the time they returned almost a year later, his belongings andneighborhood___________.(destroy).76. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months, it will be a long time before we ___________(meet) them again.77. The traffic rule says that if a child _________（weigh）less than 40 pounds, he must be in a child safe seat.Ⅰ.Translation. (13分)78. 父亲坚持要求他儿子不戴耳环。
2017-2018学年延安中学高一第一学期英语试卷
上海市延安中学2017学年第一学期高一年级英语第一次单元测试卷Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary (18分)Section A (10分)Directions : Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.19. Which of the following is NOT the same in structure with the other three?A. City air is dirty and polluted.B. Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes.C. He didn’t take interest in law.D. Positive cues indicate the start of a conversation.20. Which of the following is compound sentence?A. Let’s begin our class meeting since everyone is here.B. The item you requested is no longer available. Therefore we are returning your cheque.C. Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.D. He swept and cleaned the floor in the classroom after school.21. At the beginning , I disagreed ________what he proposed , but later I changed my mind after he explained it to me.A. toB. ofC. onD. with22. The first use of atomic weapon was in 1945, and their power _________increased greatly ever since.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been23. I closed my eyes and imagined ________on a beach in the sunshine with some ice cream at hand.A. to lieB. to be lyingC. lyingD. lain24. Singapore’s government has insisted that everyone in the island nation should speak English. ___________, in the daily life, many people prefer to speak a confusing language---Singlish.A. BesidesB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. Moreover25. According to Youyou Tu, the Nobel Prize winner , time and efforts are worth _________while you are doing a research.A. spendingB. to be spentC. spendD. being spent26. He__________English for eight years by the time he graduate from the university next year.A. has been learningB. will be learningC. has learnedD. will have learned27. Progress so far has been very good. _____________, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. For28. Allow children the space to voice their opinions , _________they are different from your own.A. untilB. even ifC. unlessD. as thoughSection B (8分)Directions: Complete the sentences with the phrases or words in the box. Each one can only beused once. There are two extras which you do not need.29. No one _______making everyone in the audience satisfied.30. He seems quite __________his work, but to be honest, it is because he is not efficient enough.31. After the ________earthquake attack, nothing was left but dead silence in that small town.32. Perhaps the most __________moment for parents is to witness their efforts pay off in their children.33. Each nation wants to perform a _________role at such an international conference , but only those with powerful economic background can really have a say.34. Can you _________which is the elder brother between the twins, who are dressed exactly the same?35. After such a heavy snow, those who were trapped on the mountain top had little chance to ________.36. He offered her a trip to Australia but she decided to _________the invitation.Ⅰ. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions : For each blanks in the following passages there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answerThe responsibilities of job, home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden. Enjoying quality leisure time becomes ___(37)___.True leisure means engaging in a ___(38)___ and rewarding activity without being ___(39)___ by other aspects of your life. Sometimes, the stress you___(40)___ during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off. You hope to relax, but the pressure is ___(41)___. You can't rest even when you have the time to do so. When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to ___(42)___ from the daily schedule.If you routinely ___(43)___ your leisure time because you have "more important things to do," you may be underestimating how much time the things ___(44)___ take. Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task. The problem is a ___(45)___ to evaluate performance honestly.___(46)___, simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun. Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your ___(47)___: Devote one afternoon or evening per week ___(48)___ to doing something that you enjoy, listening to music, assembling a jigsaw puzzle. Do ___(49)__ you always wish to but never seem to find time for. And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other obligations(责任).Choose Low-Tech: The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life hasdiverted(偏离) attention from the simple pleasures of many ___(50)___ pastimes. People think they must have the best, most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves. When keeping up with trends becomes the ___(51)___, the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.37. A. necessary B. difficult C. decent D. incapable38.A. illegal B. insulting C. typical D. enjoyable39.A. preoccupied B. ashamed C. indicated D. inspired40.A. favour B. utilize C. finance D. experience41.A. huge B. reasonable C. weird D. sustainable42.A. destroy B. consider C. disappear D. recognize43.A. estimate B. abandon C. fulfill D. expand44.A. efficiently B. universally C. actually D. equally45.A. variety B. delay C. record D. failure46.A. However B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. Therefore47.A. Campaigns B. Desires C. Images D. Tasks48.A. occasionally B. dramatically C. creatively D. entirely49.A. whenever B.whatever C. however D. wherever50.A. alternative B. uncommon C. traditional D. physical51.A. attempt B.feast C. source D. focusSection B (16+4 分)Directions : Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Imagine being a famous writer or a poet. What would life be like? Sitting at desk all day long writing down inspiring words? Racking one’s brain for hours until inspiration comes? Actually , such a portrayal is very much mistaken. The truth is most writers need a day job to earn their living, and even after rising to fame, some of them still keep their day jobs for various reasons.As writing was not profitable in itself, many authors needed a day job for financial support. The famous British writer Virginia Woof ran a publishing house apart from writing. She founded it together with her husband and it was they who first discovered and published T.S. Eliot’s well-known poem The Waste Land. T.S. Eliot himself worked as a bank clerk for nearly a decade, during which time he completed and published The West Land. Then he also chose publishing as a day job and joined a publishing company called Faber&Faber.Some writers remained passionate about their day jobs and were reluctant to leave them even they became famous. Lewis Carroll, the writer of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was actually a mathematician. He wrote a lot of books on mathematics under his real name, Charles Dodgson. The day job that took up nearly half of his lifetime was being a teacher at Christ Church, the largest college of the University of Oxford. He taught there for 26 years until his death.To some writers , a day job was also a good source of writing material. Herman Melville , now one of the most recognized writers in Americas, had to take up any job that paid the bills. He used to work as a surveyor, a shipman, a teacher, a lecturer and a customs inspector. His most significant working experience was being a shipman on a whaler(捕鲸船) in the Pacific, from which he drew inspiration for Moby Dick(《白鲸记》).52. Which of the following is NOT a reason why authors keep day jobs?A. To support their lifeB. To collect writing materialsC. To pay the billsD. To have a high social status.53. Which of these authors worked as a teacher?A. T.S.EliotB. Virgina WoolfC. Ernest HemmingwayD. Lewis Carroll54. T.S. Eliot leave the bank _____________.A. when he was writing The Waste LandB. when he met Virinia WoolfC. after he pubished The Waste LandD. after he joined Faber& Faber55. According to the passage , what was Herman Melville’s life like?A. FamousB. LeisurelyC. PoorD. Successful( B)It is hard to calculate the number of festivals and holidays around the world because there are simply too many of them! People have all kinds of local festivals, and some international festivals are celebrated in different ways in various countries. Have you ever wondered why people need festivals?Some of the festivals come from religious beliefs, such as Christmas. It originated among Christians but has now become a public holiday for everyone around the world. However, there are other reasons why we hold festivals. They break up the flow of the year and blind us together as families and communities.Festivals and holidays are fun escape from our regular schedules. Without holidays our weeks would run together into years of boredom. What is October without children ringing our doorbells asking for candy? What is November without turkey on the table and family around it? What is February with no hear-shaped boxes decorating the kitchen counter? The answer is : boring months.We also celebrate festivals because they are reasons to reconnected with family and long lost friends. Many people do not have the freedom to meet families and close friends at any time. Festivals and holidays give us the chance. Furthermore, festivals, festivals bring us together as a community. Many people make holidays the times they reach out to other people. The bright and hearts decorating department stores in February, the blinking lights hanging on lamp posts in December—these help us feel connected to something larger than ourselves.In a world where get-toghers and barbecues do not happen as much as they used to in decades past, in a world where no one borrow sugar from his or her neighbor any longer or bakes a cake when someone moves on to the block, festivals tie us together.Therefore, everyone should make the most of their festival times. Get out and decorate your home at Christmastime. Surprise your spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend with a Valentine’s Day gift. And definitely have fun at Halloween. Even if you do not enjoy Halloween, I guarantee the children in your neighborhood will appreciate your dressing up, putting a graveyard in your front yard and passing out candy!56. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Holidays and festivals are an important part of culture.B. People celebrate the same festivals in different ways.C. Festivals make us feel closer to each other.D. Christmas is a festival only for Christians.57. What does the underlined word” originate” (in the second paragraph) mean in this article?A. take placeB. celebrateC. come into beingD. invite58. Why do festivals connect families and friends?A. Because people have the chance to meet each other.B. Because department stores and lamp posts are decorated.C. Because we cann’t escape from work and fixed schedules.D. Because we feel we are a community.59. What does the fifth paragraph suggest?A. People do not go to barbecues nowdays.B. We don’t have as strong as a sense of community as we used to.C. Few people give food to neighbors.D. There are fewer social activities we enjoy during festivals.Section C (4 分)Directions : Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __60__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__61__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__62__Finally, you never know what a wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.___63__Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.C. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.D. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm andattentive.E. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may behard to understand.F. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re inthe daydream zone.第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks according to the text you’ve learned.(10分)A. 1. Fashion models wear the 64._________ __________of clothes and show them to us through television, newspapers and magazines. Fashion show program usually have 65.________ _____________ ____________. The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may66.___________ ___________to the elderly, but a large number of young people enjoy67.____________ ___________and want 68.________ _________ _________like the models. 64. latest styles 65. a large audience 66. seem strange 67. following trends 68. to be dressedB. Michelangelo 69.__________ ___________a poor family. He was trained at 70._________ ______________ ___________like any other craftsman in Italy. At thirteen, he started to work and learn in a workshop. The workshop 71._________ __________one of the leading masters at that time. In the workshop Michelangelo 72._________ __________ __________learn all the skills of sculpture. However, he wasn’t satisfied , and went to study the work of the great masters 73.__________ __________ __________.69. came from 70. an early age 71. belonged to 72. was able to 73.of the pastC.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given. (4分)74. Take your time. I don’t mind ___________(keep) waiting.75. By the time they returned almost a year later, his belongings andneighborhood___________.(destroy).76. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months, it will be a long time before we ___________(meet) them again.77. The traffic rule says that if a child _________（weigh）less than 40 pounds, he must be in a child safe seat.Ⅰ.Translation. (13分)78. 父亲坚持要求他儿子不戴耳环。
上海市延安中学2017-2018学年高三上学期周测(十)英语试题-十一选十 Word版含答案
2017-2018学年上海市延安中学英语试卷Section B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.(F=BC，G=ABC，H=AB，I=AD，J=BD，K=ABD)In 2003, the Gates Foundation launched a project called Grand Challenges Global Health. What I like about it is the way the Gates Foundation approached solving thi s problem. They didn’t say, "We, the rich Western foundation, will now ___41___ and then ___42___instructions and write some checks. They said, “Let’s cooperate horizontally on defining both the problem and the solutions ---- let's create value that way ---- and then [the foundation] will ___43___ our money in the solutions we both define.” So the Gates Foundation placed ads on the Web and in more ___44____ channels across both the developed and the developing worlds, asking scientists to respond to one big question: What .are the biggest problems that, if science attended to them and solved them, could most dramatically change the fate of the several billion people trapped in the evil cycle of high ___45___ death rate, low life expectancy, and disease? The foundation got about eight thousand pages of ideas from hundreds of scientists from around the world, including Nobel Prize winners. It then collected through them and cut them down to a list of fourteen Grand Challenge ---- challenge where a technological innovation could remove a ___46___ barrier to the solving of an important health problem in the developing world.In the fall of 2003, these fourteen Grand Challenges worldwide. They include the following: How to create effective single-dose (单剂量) vaccines (疫苗) that can be used soon after birth, how to prepare vaccines that do not require refrigeration, how to develop needle-free deliver systems for vaccines, how to better understand which immunological(免疫系统的) responses ___47___ protective immunity, how to better control insects that carry agents of disease, how to develop a ___48___ or chemical strategy to disable an infectious insect population, how to create a full range of the most favorable bioavailable nutrients in a single staple plant species, and how tocreate immunological methods that can ___49___ chronic (慢性的) infections. Within a year, the foundation received sixteen proposals for ways to meet these ___50___ from scientists in seventy-five countries, and the foundation is now in the process of funding the best proposals with $250 million in cash.Keys: IGCKH DBEFA。
上海市延安中学2021届高三上学期周测(十)英语试题-六选四 Word版含答案
上海市延安中学2021届高三上学期周测（十）英语试题-六选四Word版含答案A. Without the added time, their choices were no better than chance.B. Then you won’t have to wrestle later with that irrelevant information.C. In the study, 13 volunteers were asked to look at competing sets of dotsscrolling across a computer screen. D. If you have ever struggled with a difficult decision, you have likely also been offered a heap of decision-making wisdom. E. That precious time is enough to allow our attention to focus on sorting out the distracters from the useful information related to the situation. F. Once people have all the necessary information to make a decision, too much conscious thinking may lead to unnecessary attention given to irrelevant factors. When you’re making a split-second decision, waiting a fraction of a second to decide can make a world of difference.Scientists at Columbia University and the University of Pittsburgh found that when making choices between a right and wrong answer, people’s accuracy in making the right decision increased dramatically when they gave themselves a small amount of time. __1___It’s all about giving our attention enough time to sort out the relevant information from the distracters, says one of the study's co-authors, Vincent Ferrera, an associate professor of (神经科学）at Columbia University Medical Center. “The little extra time to sort out the irrelevant information makes the decision-making more efficient,\____2___. They were told which set was their target, and then asked to indicate which direction the .target dots were moving when the distracting set was introduced 一the distracting set either moved in the same direction or the opposite direction of the target dots. The participants performed this task under different conditions: in some experiments they aimed for accuracy, in others, for speed.Ferrera and his colleagues found that when the participants had a little more 1 as 50 milliseconds to make their decision, their accuracy improved. The reason? ___3___. \attention offline, you go from almost perfect accuracy to almost chance accuracy,\That doesn’t mean taking longer to decide necessarily leads to a better choice. With moretime, there's more chance for distracting and even misleading information to filter into the process, confusing the situation. Ferrera's findings suggest that simply accumulating more and more information isn't always helpful. \we're saying is that before you start gathering evidence, take a short moment to determine whether that evidence is really relevant to the decision you are maki ng,” he says.\答案：ACEB感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
上海市延安中学2017届高三第三次模拟英语试题(附答案)$789348
上海市延安中学2017届高三第三次模拟英语试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Carly Lindmeier sits on the patio (露台) of her father's house in Orange County, California. The 20-year-old is finishing up wooden monograms (字母图案) ____21____ (send) to her customers.At first glance, you wouldn't think that Lindmeier has a life-threatening disease. Like many young people in California, she loves hanging out at the beach and watching TV shows. She attends college and plans to become a speech pathologist (病理学家).But after spending some time with Lindmeier, you notice that her voice sounds rough. She was born with cystic fibrosis, a disease that damages the lungs and the digestive system."Imagine ____22____ (have) to breathe through a straw," Lindmeier said. "That's ____23____ it feels like to have cystic fibrosis."While the present might be ____24____ (exciting) time in her life, it could also be frightening.For cystic fibrosis victims, death in childhood or early adulthood is common, with an average life expectancy of 37."When I turned 20, it was kind of tough to realize that I was already middle-aged," Lindmeier said. "Five years from now, it'll probably be worse."____25____ ____25____ ____25____ her illness, Lindmeier stays positive. Looking for a way to raise awareness about this disease, Lindmerier came up with the idea of selling a variety of decorated, wooden monograms, each ____26____ (dedicate) to a fallen cystic fibrosis patient. She named it 65Wooden Roses.Each monogram is hand-made and starts at $24.99 (158 yuan), with 20 percent of income going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation in the US. Launched in July, her business ____27____ (bring) attention to the disease all over the US already.Meanwhile, Lindmeier has a positive outlook on her own illness. In July a new treatment, Orkambi, was released, making ____28____ possible to keep the disease under control. It ____29____ help patients to live decades longer.____30____ Lindmeier has to pay $6,000 every year for the expensive drug, she plans to start taking it. For her, it’s a small price to pay for an improved quality of life and she is determined not to let cystic fibrosis hold her back."I could just be sad that I have cystic fibrosis, or I could do something to make my life worth living and be happy," she said. "Happiness really is a choice. I choose to be happy."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.More than 110 years ago, between March and September 1905, the mailbox of the German scientific journal Annals der Physik received a series of papers that would forever change the laws of physics.The author was a young man aged 26, Albert Einstein who was working as a clerk at a __31__ office in Switzerland. His career as a physicist was __32__ after his doctoral thesis was turned down. Einstein had to satisfy his scientific passion only in his spare time. Within a few months, however, he wrote four groundbreaking papers.The first paper described his particle theory of light. All physicists in 1905 knew what light was. Whether from the sun or bulb, light was known to be a __33__ wave — just like sound. In the face of this __34__ held knowledge, Einstein proposed that light was not a wave. Instead, it was composed of "a number of energy quanta." This concept that physical systems can behave both as waves (energy) and as particles (matter) would be the seed of one of the two pillars of modern physics: quantum mechanics. Sixteen years later, this theory took Einstein to the peak of science: the Nobel Prize for Physics.The second paper did not revolutionize the principles of physics. Nor did it earn Einstein another Nobel Prize. However, while proving the __35__ of atoms and molecules in the paper, the great scientist opened a new field in the study of physics: statistical physics.The next paper was perhaps the most groundbreaking. It presented Einstein's well-known theory of special relativity, __36__ with even common people nowadays. Einstein wrote in this paper that except for the constant speed of light, everything is __37__ , including time, distance and mass.On November 21, Einstein's last paper that year was published/In the paper, the scientist __38__ the __39__ between energy and matter with the most famous equation in history: E=mc2. (E stands for energy, m mass, and c the speed of light)Einstein's four papers that year have __40__ changed our conception of reality: of light, of matter, of time and of space. There is no wonder that scientists later call 1905 Einstein's annus mirabilis — his year of miracles.III. Reading ComprehensionDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American Jaw, if someone __41__ a crime, he or she is considered __42__ until the court proves that the person is guilty. __43__ it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the __44__ of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police __45__ be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are __46__ listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or __47__. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must __48__ bail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district lawyer's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a(n) __49__. The attorney may present __50__ as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trail. If the judge decides that there is __51__ evidence to __52__ a trail, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally admit guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both lawyers and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. __53__, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for __54__. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation (缓刑).The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These __55__ rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.41.A. is guilty of B. is responsible for C. is accused of D. is ashamed of42.A. unpleasant B. inexperienced C. paralleled D. innocent43.A. On the contrary B. As a result C. In addition D. In other words44.A. responsibility B. conviction C. humanity D. initiative45.A. are obliged to B. might as well C. are entitled to D. are qualified to46.A. reasonably B. formally C. readily D. occasionally47.A. locked up B. set free C. concerned about D. cared for48.A. put up B. put forward C. put on D. put through49.A. process B. decision C. opportunity D. Hearing50.A. victims B. claims C. evidence D. information51.A. sufficient B. fantastic C. demanding D. economic52.A. call on B. call at C. call up D. call for53.A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Consequently54.A. booking B. sentencing C. punishing D. releasing55.A. common B. substantial C. individual D. PopularSection B(A)The food world has gone mash-up (混合) crazy.A new food combination that puts a hot dog and a hamburger together launched in July and has become a hit in Australia.The "hamdog" - a hamburger with a hot dog sausage in it - comes in a bun made in a special way. It holds an uncut hot dog in the middle and has a sliced burger on either side of it. The new invention also features lettuce, tomato, pickles (咸菜), cheese and a variety of sauces, The mash-ups started when the "cronut" took 2013 by storm. New York baker Dominique Ansel mixed two pastries^- a French croissant and an American doughnut- together into a big, greasy treat.From there, hybrid foods, containing the best of both worlds, went wild. With a combination of flavors and textures, they created things that some said were better than the original. There was the "mega burger pizza" - thick burger patties sandwiched between two big pizzas, first made in Japan. And then there was the waffle taco, which uses waffles as taco shells for scrambled eggs, sausage, chicken with gravy and fruit with whipped (搅拌的) cream. A US restaurant called Quality Italian cut a wide, very thin slice of chicken, decorated it with cheese and tomato and called it a chicken pizza. When the craze came to the UK, a British cake called a tart (果馅饼) was mixed with the American chocolate brownie cake, resulting in the "townie".For some, the queues of people who want to buy the hybrid foods are even harder to understand than the foods themselves. Last year, CNN reported that a group of people in San Francisco in the US started lining up outside Mr. Holmes Bakehouse at 7 am, even at weekends, to get their hands on the latest foodie discovery - the "cruffin". It is a cross between a croissant and a muffin.The only rule for dishes these days "is that there are no rules", the USA Todays newspaper commented. "This anything-goes mentality sees chefs ranging from small-town types to some of the biggest names in the industry satisfying their inner mad scientist by serving the craziest dishes imaginable."Indeed, hybrid food fits the spirit of the times: Today, eaters are a little bit of everything all at once. Maybe it's time to make up your own combo dish. How about "broodles" - bread rolled into noodles and dipped in jam and butter? Better yet, maybe you could just rename a classic. What about Shanghai soup dumplings? You could call them "souplings"!56. What was the author's main purpose in writing this article?A. To describe the best-known hybrid foods.B. To inform readers of the trend of hybrid foods.C. To explain the basic rules for hybrid foods.D. To present different opinions of hybrid foods.57. What can be concluded from the article?A. In general, hybrid foods are healthier than other foods.B. Hybrid foods started in the UK and then gradually spread to the US.C. Without rules to follow, hybrid foods challenge chefs' creativity and imagination.D. Hybrid foods are popular because they are easy to make and taste better than the original foods.58. How is the article mainly developed?A. By giving examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By analyzing causes and effects.D. By describing the events in the order in which they happened.59. What is the author's attitude to ward the rise of hybrid foods?A. Objective.B. Bored.C. Positive. .D. Worried.(B)Hi Frank and Family,Thank you for your enquiry regarding a private multi-day tour of New Zealand.With New Zealand's scenery being very appealing to our overseas visitors (and more especially so the South Island), there are touring options that we would recommend that will make the most of your precious time and also include the locations that you mentioned in your email.Areas of operation - Call Jeeves Tours is a private-hire touring company that operates nationally, and with pick-up from locations such as our international airports and city accommodation throughout both the North and South Islands.We accept both Visa and MasterCard credit cards, no surcharge transaction fees applicable. The securing of an engagement, requires a 50% deposit at time of booking. Balance payable on completion of engagement.Please find below a recommended itinerary for your family's touring of New Zealand's North and South Island.The North Island Regions - The Waikato, The Central Region and RotoruaDay 0. Thursday 20/July/2017 - Arrive Auckland from Shanghai ETA 2335 hours.Day 1. Friday 21/July2017 - Pick up at 9am to drive south into the Waikato. Guided tour through the Glow Worm Cave, after which visit Otorohanga. After lunch continue across beautiful country-side to the Lake-land city of Rotorua.Overnight Rotorua.Day 2. Saturday 22/July/2017 - Pick at 9am to visit the Agrodome Sheep Show, and Lake Tarawera. For the evening, we recommend an evening with an Authentic Tradition Maori Experience Cultural Performance. .2nd Overnight Rotorua.Day 3. Sunday 23/July/2017 - Pick up at 9am to visit Te Puia Maori Cultural Centre and geo-thermal valley with mud pools or alternatively a Hobbiton village visit.3rd Overnight Rotorua.Day 4. Monday 24/July/2017 - Depart Rotorua for the trip back to Auckland Airport (approx.. 3 hours travel) to connect with your flight to Christchurch around mid-day (Suggested alternative to that of flying from Auckland.The South Island Regions - West Coast National Parks, Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers. Wanaka, Queenstown, Dunedin, Mt.Cook, Lake Tekapo and Christchurch city.Day 4. Monday 24/July/2017 (continued) - After being meet by your Call Jeeves driver/guide at Christchurch Airport. Depart Christchurch for the West Coast region of the South Island. Overnight Franz Josef.Day 5. Tuesday 25/July/2017 - Travel to Lake Wanaka and on route take in the views of the Franz Josef and or Fox Glacier. Take an easy walk to the reflective waters of Lake Matheson, while on route stops for photos at the large fresh water lakes of Wanaka and Hawea. Experience the tranquil township of Wanaka with is views of the Mount Aspiring National Park before departing for Queenstown.Overnight Queenstown.Day 6. Wednesday 26/July/2017 - Spend the day touring to the many highlights of the Queenstown region, following the lake shoreline to the small head of the lake settlement of Glenorchy.2nd Overnight Queenstown.Day 7. Thursday 27/July/2017 - Depart Queenstown travelling the scenic Kawarau River Gorge, the township of Cromwell and Alexandra into the central Otago region and on to the city of Dunedin.Overnight Dunedin.Day 8. Friday 28/July/2017 - Depart Dunedin visiting the famous Moeraki Boulders on route to the historic town coastal of Oamaru and its restored historic industrial wharf precinct area. Overnight Oamaru.Day 9. Saturday 29/July/2017- Depart Oamaru, travelling into the Mackenzie country and Mt Cook regions by way of Waitaki Valley with its extensive hydro-electric power generation scheme, before travelling on to Lake Tekapo and the opportunity to experience the region's spectacular 'Night Sky' display.Overnight Lake Tekapo.Day 10. Sunday 30/July/2017 - Depart Lake Tekapo for Christchurch by way of the rural farming townships of Fairlie and Geraldine.Overnight Christchurch.Cost: 4 Persons - Private travel/touring by luxury mini-coach with experienced driver/guide. NZ$9400.00The above cost is based on you all returning to Auckland to fly to Christchurch. An alternative option would be for our North Island touring services to finish at end of day Sunday 23/July/2017, and for to you all to fly from Rotorua to Christchurch. To fly from Rotorua would result in a reduction of touring costs of around $500.00The vehicle would most likely be one of our small luxury mini-coach with a capacity of six passengers +. driver/guide. However, should the South Island weather be such that a 4 WD is required, it would be one of our five passenger + driver/guide 4 WD vehicles. All have sufficientluggage space and the costs are the same per vehicle, irrespective of number of seats or number of passengers travelling.Trusting the above is of assistance and look forward to your reply.Regards,Warwick from Jeeves Tours60. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the email?A. The South Island appeals to more visitors than the North Island.B. Jeeves Tours cannot arrange for the motels for travelers.C. You have to pay half the money when you decide on a trip.D. Rotorua is located in the North of New Zealand.61. What is the correct order of visit for Frank and his family?A. Waikato-Auckland Airport-Lake Wanaka-DunedinB. Auckland Airport-Lake Tarawera-Lake Tekapo-Maori Cultural CentreC. OtOrohanga-Queenstown-LakeWanaka-OamaruD. R-Lake Wanaka-Dunedin-Glenorchy62. Frank's family all together has two adults and two children. They have decided to sign upfor a private multi-day tour of New Zealand in Jeeves Tours. How much do they need topay per person?A. NZ$9400B. NZ$1566C. NZ$2350D. NZ$1880(C)The digital onslaught of e-books and Amazon-style e-trailers has put bookstores in an existential situation. Digital books are expected to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain, says Sam Hancock, digital product manager at HarperCollins, and even sooner in America. With the demise of HMV, that music-peddling stalwart, still fresh in everyone's minds, bricks-and -mortar bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore?This was the burning questions on everyone's lips at a recent event at Foyles's flagship bookshop on Charing Cross Road in London, where some of Britain's leading literary agents, authors, marketing managers and booksellers gathered to discuss its fate ahead of the bookseller's move from its current big, old building to the former home of Central Saint Martin's ,art school just up the road.For a bookstore to remain successful, it must improve "the experience of buying books," saysAlex Lifschutz, an architect whose London-based practice is designing the new Foyles. He suggests an array of approaches: "small, quiet spaces cocooned with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one can hear talks from authors about books, literature, science, travel and cookery." The atmosphere is vital, he adds. Exteriors must buzz with activity, entrances must be full of eye-catching presentations and a bar and cafe is essential.The trend for not only incorporating cafes in bookstores but also placing them on the top floor makes good sense. The new Foyles will have one, Mr. Lifschutz explains, because this draws shoppers upwards floor-by-floor, which is bound to encourage people to linger longer and spend more.There are plenty of ways to delight the bookstore customer, but few are easily changed into money. The consensus is that bookstores need to become cultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. Given how common it is for shoppers to browse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege. Victoria Barnsley, head of HarperCollins, thinks it might be a good idea. She cited similar experiments among clothing retailers to charge customers for trying on merchandise.But forcing people to pay for the privilege of potentially paying for goods could discourage shoppers altogether. A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like those offered by museums and Other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to events (talks, literaryworkshops, retreats) and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students.To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digital, self-printed and so on. Digital and hybrid readers should have the option of buying e-books in-store, and budding authors should have access to self-printing book machines. The latter have been slower to take off in Britain, but in America bookstores are finding them to be an important source of revenue. "The quality is now, almost identical to that of a book printed by a major publishing house," says Bradley Graham, owner of a leading independent bookstore in Washington, DC, called Politics&Prose. His shop leases an Espresso Book Machine and makes it available to customers.The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalized, the inventory expertly selected, spaces well-designed and the cultural events enticing. Whether bookstores, especially small independents are up to the challenge, is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliffhanger.63. What will be the future of bookstores?A. Bright.B. Unclear.C. Helpless.D. Promising.64. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a strategy to help a bookstore to be successful?A. Attractive presentations around the entrance.B. Suitable spacing arrangements.C. Luxurious decorations.D. A bar and cafe.65. Which of the following might be a better idea to attract shoppers?A. Charges on privileges.B. Club memberships.C. Periodic discounts.D. Reward cards.66. To survive, bookstores should _________.A. find ways to attract children and studentsB. offer more second-hand booksC. lower the price of booksD. provide books in different formsSection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people say “I’m sorry” many times a day for a host of trivial affronts —accidentally bumping into someone or failing to hold open a door. These apologies are easy and usually readily accepted, often with a response like, “No problem.” However, when “I’m sorry” are the words needed to right truly hurtful words, acts or inaction, they can be the hardest ones to say. ________67________._______68_________. After learning that a neighbor who had assaulted me verbally was angry about an oversight I was not aware I had committed, I wrote a letter in the hope of ending the hostility. Without offering any excuses, I apologized for my overnight in etiquette and respect. I said I was not asking for or expecting forgiveness. Then I delivered the letter with a jar of my homemade jam. Expecting nothing in return, I was greatly relieved when my doorbell rang and the neighbor thanked me warmly for what I had said and done.According to psycholo gist Harriet Lerner, apologies followed by rationalizations are “never satisfying” and can even be harmful. When “but” is tagged onto an apology, it’s an excuse that counters the sincerity of the original message. ________69__________,” she wrote in her ne w book Why Won’t You Apologize?Nor should a request for forgiveness be part of an apology. The offended party may accept a sincere apology but still be unready to forgive the mistake. Forgiveness, should it come, may depend on a demonstration going forward that offense will not be repeated._________70_________. History can be used as an explanation, not an excuse. It should involve a conversation that allows the hurt party to express anger and pain if an apology, however sincere, is to heal a broken conne ction,” Lerner said.“I’m sorry” are the two most healing words in the English language. Knowing how to say “I’m sorry” is an ability to take a clear look at how our behavior affects others and to assume responsibility for acting at another person’s expens e.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.I used to joke that I spoke French like a 3-year-old. Until I met a French 3-year-old and couldn’t keep the conversation. This was after a year of intense study, including at least two hours a day with self-instruction software and weekend classes, followed by two weeks of an immersion program at one of the top language schools in France.My failure was in fact quite unremarkable. Despite advertising claims, learning a foreign language is a challenging task for any adult. In the end, though, it turns out that spending a year “not learning” French may have been the best t hings I could have done for my 57-year-old brain.In the last few years. I was unable to hold a list of four grocery items in my mind. So to reassure myself that nothing was wrong, I took a cognitive assessment just before tackling French. The result was anything but reassuring: I scored below average for my age group in nearly all of the categories, especially on the composite memory test and the visual memory test.After a year of struggling with the language, I retook cognitive assessment, and the results shocked me. My scores had improved, placing me above average in 7 of 10 categories, and average in the other three. Studying a language had been like drinking from a mental fountain of youth.What might explain such an improvement? Researchers at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Northwestern University noted that the cognitive tasks involved in language study—like working memory, inductive reasoning, sound discrimination and task switching —map closely related to the areas of the brain that are most associated with declines due to aging.If my experience is any indication, you might be better off by studying a language. Not only is that a far more useful and enjoyable activity than an abstract brain game, but as a reward for your efforts, you can treat yourself to a trip abroad. That’s why I plan to spend the next year “not learning” Italian.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.已经有越来越多的人求助于瑜伽（yoga）来缓解生活中的压力。
2017-2018延安中学高三上英语期中考试
上海市延安中学2017 学年第一学期高三英语期中考试I. Listening Comprehension (25%)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.After days of destruction, Irma---the first Category 5 hurricane in Florida since 2004----has dissipated(消散). The _____21____(remove ) millions of Floridians have been allowed to returned home. However, the cleanup and rebuilding of the state after ______22______(deadly) hurricane in recent years will take weeks -------maybe even months.Irma, _______23___stretched 650 miles from the U.S. East Coast to the west, has struck at least nine states------flooding city streets, knocking over tress and destroying homes along the way. The Florida Keys （佛罗里达群岛）____24__ (cut) off form the mainland for days after Irma made landfall on the low-lying islands on September 10, _______25____ (bring ) 130- mile-per-hour winds and a storm surge of 10 feet.U.S President Donald Trump visited Florida last Thursday to view the damage. Search and rescue teams have been moving through the worst affected areas with emergency supplies of food and water. Florida’s Department of Transportation ____26____(work) to repair roads that were washed out. State officials have also been working to restore services and make ____27____safer for residents to return, but saying that this will take time.The devastating hurricane knocked out power for millions of Floridians. ____28__last Tuesday , electric power had been restored to 2.3 million residents, which was 40 percent of those affected across the state. However, some of the residents are going to face days without power since power companies said their customers on the state’s west coast _____29__ expect most power to be restored by September 15th , which was out of the question.The death toll from Irma has climbed to at least 31 across three states in the U.S. ________ _______30__the loss of power, this number might be increasing. After all , Florida is a state known for its hot weather. Without the relief of air conditioning , the heat poses a particular threat to Florida’s large population of elderly people, who are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You’ve got your fancy new suitcase and you’re ready to take it with you on your travels across the globe.You get to the airport, quickly moving through the crowds on the ___31_E___ pavement, rushing to check in. Then, your heart sinks when you realize your new suitcase has got a serious case of the wobbles (摇晃).Why does this happen?Scientists from the University Paris-Diderot in France ___32_A___ this matter and published their findings in the science ____33_I__ Proceedings of the Royal Society A. They also suggested some ____34_B__ to overcome this modern-day problem.To learn more about the issue, they put a suitcase on a treadmill (跑步机) and observed what happened.It was soon noted that the “wobble” was actually a result of repeated actions that caused the suitcase to sway from side to side. They discovered that if one of the wheels ____35_K__ an obstacle such as a small bump, itjumped into the air for just a moment and then banged back down to the ground. That second action caused the opposite wheel to lift off the ground and then to bang back down, causing the first to lift again and so on. This swaying increased as the luggage was pulled along.“The suitcase is a fun way to ____36_J__ the problem, but the study would be the same for any trolley (手推车) with two wheels or blades (桨叶),” Sylvain Courrech du Pont, lead author of the study, told BBC News. “So it will be the same for a caravan or maybe also for airplanes.”Instead of slowing down when we see a rocky part of the path, the scientists recommended doing the exact ____37D___ and speeding up. This is because going faster gives the wheels less time to rise and fall, preventing the case from swaying. They also said that reducing the angle (角度) of the suitcase by lowering its ___38_C___ to the ground would help keep it steady.“These findings could help researchers simulate and design better ___39H____ suitcases and other pulled trolleys, such as towed trailers,” Courrech du Pont added.With these masterminds (智者) working on ___40_F___ our suitcase problems, wobbly luggage may soon be a thing of history, leaving us to enjoy our travels.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Transportation is the movement or conveying of persons and goods from one location to another. ____41____ human beings, from ancient times to the 21st century, sought to make their transport facilities more _____42___, they have always endeavored to move people and property with the least expenditure of time, effort and cost. Improved transportation had helped ___43_____ toward better living, the modern systems of manufacturing and commerce, and the complex, interdependent urban economy present in ____44____ of the world today.Primitive human beings supplemented their own carrying of goods and possessions by starting to ____45____ animals — training them to bear small loads and pull crude sleds. The invention of the wheel, probably in western Asia, was a great step forward in transport. As the wheel was perfected, crude carts and wagons began to ____46____ in the Tigris-Euphrates valley about 3500 BC, and later in Crete, Egypt, and China. Wheeled vehicles could not use the ____47____ paths and trails used by pack animals, and early roads were soon being built by the Assyrians and the Persians.The greatest improvements in transportation have appeared in the last two _____48___, a period during which the industrial Revolution has vastly changed the economic life of the entire world. Crude railways — horse-drawn wagons with wooden wheels and rails —had been used in English and European mines during the 17th century. Although it first appeared in England, the railroad had its most dramatic growth in the United States. By 1840 more than 4800 km of railroads were already operating in the eastern states, a figure 40 percent greater than the total railroad mileage of Europe. ____49____ ,Since World War I, the U.S. railroads have been in a decline, due partly to the rapid development of private automobiles, trucks, buses, pipelines, and airlines.The first new mode of transportation to ____50____ the railroad was the motor vehicle, which was made possible by the invention, in the 1860s and 70s, of the internal combustion engine. The automobile found its greatest popularity in the United States, where the first "horseless carriages" appeared in the 1890s. Two hundred million motor vehicles had been produced in the nation within 70 years of their first appearance. The automobile thus became in many ways as ____51____ to the 20th century ___ _____ the railroads had been to the 19th.During the same period intercity buses ___52_____ a large portion of commercial passenger travel, andtrucks began carrying a great deal of the nation's freight.Although the emphasis on fuel conservation waned in "the 1980s, _____53___ doubt that the issue will emerge again when oil scarcities loom, as they did in the 1970s. Future possibilities include automobiles with far greater fuel efficiency and improved mass-transit systems. Both will occur not only ____54____ oil-supply disruption, but also as an answer to increasing demands for cleaner air. Improvements in mass transit offer the most promise for the future. Amtrak's 1993 introduction of the Swedish high-speed "tilting train" should cut travel time between some East Coast cities ____55____ almost half, once tracks are entirely electrified.41. A. Although B. If C. As D. With42. A. convincing B. original C. noticeable D. efficient43. A. make tools B. make changes C. make progress D. make money44. A. much B. need C. explanation D. possession45. A. operate B. domesticate C. transport D. produce46. A. appear B. simplify C. shape D. embrace47. A. secure B. narrow C. rotten D. ridiculous48. A. periods B. years C. centuries D. anniversaries49. A. Therefore B. Namely C. However D. Instantly50. A. dispute B. challenge C. entitle D. modernize51. A. as good…as B. as long….as C. as well …as … D. as important …as52. A. took on B. took off C. took in D. took over53. A. each B. either C. few D. others54. A. in response to B. in respect to C. in addition to D. in reference to55. A. for B. by C. with D. inSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Time for an adventureAre you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you'd like.Activity holidaysOur activity holidays are for everyone who loves danger. We have a huge of water, snow and desert holidays. We'll take you scuba diving in the Red Sea of kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who like warm weather, we also have sand boarding(the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris.Polar expeditionsTake a cruise to the Antarctic or the Arctic; explore a land of white nature beauty or wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch penguins or whales in the Antarctic and polar bears in the Arctic. There's no greater adventure than traveling to the two ends of the earth.Culture journeysOur culture journeys will help you discover the secrets of distant places such as India, Thailand or Egypt. Explore their history by visiting temples, palaces and ancient ruins. You can also get to know how people live in themodern world by exploring markets, eating exotic foods and meeting local people.Trekking toursWe have hiking holidays to famous places, such as Machu Picchu or the Everest Base Camp Trek, as well as some nearer to home, for example in the highlands of Scotland. You don't need to be too sporty, just fairly fit. You'll have a great time enjoying nature with a group of new friends. Some of the holidays need camping, but we'll transport the tents for you!Wildlife holidaysWe organize small group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South Africa. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles of Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of accommodation, from tents to tree houses.56. What are you advised to do on cultural journeys?A. Follow a local guide.B. Take a notebook along.C. Explore local people’s lifestyles.D. Experience different accommodation.57. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Polar tours offer observations of polar bears in Antarctica and penguins in the North Pole respectivelyB. Machu Pieehu is well-known for its unique style of camping tent.C. A variety of water sports are available in activity holidays,D. Thailand is not an ideal place for those keen on culture in early times.58.On which holidays are you likely to go camping?A. Activity holidays and cultural journeys.B. Polar expeditions and trekking tours.C. Activity holidays and wildlife holidays.D. Trekking tours and wildlife holidays.( B )When you think of a typical American, whom do you picture? A pretty blond white American like Taylor Swift? Or a handsome black American like President Barack Obama or basketball star Kobe Bryant? In fact, there was a time when the average American looked like none of these people.Back in the year 1500, the average American was a brown-skinned hunter-gatherer who probably rode a horse and wore clothing made from animal skins. Today, these people－who usually identify themselves based on their individual tribes such as Iriquois, Apache and Navajo－are broadly referred to as “Native Americans”, “American Indians” or simply “Indians”.There’s a chance that you’ve never even heard of American Indians. That’s because there aren’t very many left. When the European settlement of North America began, there were fierce conflicts between the settlers from overseas and these native peoples. After the British government and military were expelled (赶走) in the Revolutionary War, conflicts with natives continued as the states were created that would later make up the US. In these conflicts, millions of natives were killed.In 1830, president Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act. This act required all Indians to migrate to the west of the Mississippi River to allow for the expansion of the US. American Indians were treated as a military “enemy” until 1924, when the few Indians still alive at that point were granted US citizenship. That was the first time that the US government formally recognized Indians as human beings.While the story of the American Indians has been a sad one, these peoples’ legacies (遗产) are still felt every day in the US. Many US geographical names come from Indian languages, such as Ohio, Topeka, Kansas, and the Potomac River. At the same time, there are numerous successful academics and other important US leaders who aredescended from Indians. And nowadays, more and more history classes in US public schools are educating students about how Indians suffered during the settlement of the US.Although what happened cannot be undone, we can learn at least one thing form the sad history of the Indians: if we want a better future, we must look carefully and honestly at the past.59. What is the article mainly about?A. The history of the settlement of the USB. What a typical American is like.C. The depressing story of American Indians.D. American Indians economic impact on the US.60. It can be inferred from the article that in the middle of the 19th century , American Indians __________.A. were expelled from the US by the British government.B. were regarded as opponents of armed forces in the USC. were finally granted US citizenshipD. were required to live along the Mississippi River61. What can we learn about American Indians from the article?A. There are few influential American Indians in US history.B. Some of their languages are still in use today.C. The majority of them lived in the states of Ohio and Kansas.D. American youths are becoming more informed of the suffering of the Indians.( C)You know Adam Smith for his "invisible hand," the mysterious force that steers the selfish economic decisions of individuals toward a result that leaves us all better off. It’s been a hugely influential idea, one that during the last few decades of the 20th century began to take on the trappings of a universal truth.Lately, though, the invisible hand has been getting slapped. The selfish economic decisions of home buyers, mortgage brokers, investment bankers and institutional investors over the past decade clearly did not leave us all better off. Did Smith have it wrong.No, Smith did not have it wrong. It’s just that some of his self-proclaimed disciples have given us a terribly incomplete picture of what he believed. The man himself used the phrase invisible hand only three times: once in the famous passage from The Wealth of Nations that everybody cites; once in his other big book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments; and once in a posthumously published history of astronomy (in which he was talking about "the invisible hand of Jupiter"--the god, not the planet). For Smith, the invisible hand was but one of an array of interesting social and economic forces worth thinking about.Why did the invisible, hand emerge as the one idea from Smith’s work that everybody remembers Mainly because it’s so simple and powerful. If the invisible hand of the market really can be relied on at all times and in all places to deliver the most prosperous and just society possible, then we’d be idiots not to get out of the way and let it work its magic. Plus, the supply-meets- demand straightforwardness of the invisible-hand metaphor lends itself to mathematical treatment, and math is the language in which economists communicate with one another.Hardly anything else in Smith’s work is nearly that simple or consistent. Consider The Theory of Moral Sentiments, his long-neglected other masterpiece, published 17 years before The Wealth of Nations, in 1759. I recently cracked open a new 250th-anniversary edition, complete with a lucid introduction by economist Amartya Sen, in hopes that it would make clearer how we ought to organize our economy.Fat chance. Most of the book is an account of how we decide whether behavior is good or not. In Smith’s telling, the most important factor is our sympathy for one another." "To restrain our selfish, and to indulge our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature," he writes. But he goes on to say that "thecommands and laws of the Deity" (he seems to be referring to the Ten Commandments) are crucial guides to conduct too. Then, in what seems to be a strange detour from those earthly and divine parameters, he argues that the invisible hand ensures that the selfish and sometimes profligate spending habits of the rich tend to promote the public good.There are similar whiplash moments in The Wealth of Nations. The dominant theme running through the book is that self-interest and free, competitive markets can be powerful forces for prosperity and for good. But Smith also calls for regulation of interest rates and laws to protect workers from their employers. He argues that the corporation, the dominant form of economic organization in today’s world, is an abomination.The point here isn’t that Smith was right in every last one of his prescriptions and proscriptions. He was an 18th century Scottish scholar, not an all-knowing being. Many of his apparent self-contradictions are just that--contradictions that don’t make a lot of sense.But Smith was also onto something that many free-market fans who pledge allegiance to him miss. The world is a complicated place. Markets don’t exist free of societies and governments and regulators and customs and moral sentiments; they are entwined. Also, while markets often deliver wondrous results, an outcome is not by definition good simply because the market delivers it. Some other standards have to be engaged.Applying Smith’s teachings to the modern world, then, is a much more complex and doubtful endeavor than it’s usually made out to be. He certainly wouldn’t have been opposed to every government intervention in the market. On financial reform, it’s easy to imagine Smith supporting the creation of a Consumer Financial Protection Agency and crackdowns on giant financial institutions. He might have also favored the just-passed health care reform bill, at least the part that requires states to set up exchanges to ensure retail competition for health insurance. Then again, he might not have. Asking "What would Adam Smith say" is a lot easier than conclusively answering it. It is pretty clear, though, that he wouldn’t just shout, "Don’t interfere with the invisible hand!" and leave it at that.62. The author introduced the selfish economic decisions of home buyers, mortgage brokers, investment bankers and institutional investors over the past decade to illustrate that______.A. the invisible hand was a universal truthB. supply-meets-demand is the law of market economyC. economic decisions are always guided by selfish motivationsD. the invisible hand can sometimes lead to disastrous consequences63. The author tries to show that Adam Smith's ideas expressed in his books______.A. are all related to the study of the nature of market forceB. are consistent and systematic throughoutC. are sometimes apparently self-contradictoryD. are supportive of the corporation as the dominate economic organization.64. Which of the following best paraphrases the meaning of the short sentence “ Fat chance” in paragraph 6?A. There is almost no possibility of explaining the “ visible hand” theoryB. The possibilities are plentiful of the discussion of free market.C. There will be enough opportunities to introduce classical economyD. There is little discussion about how to organize our economy.65. The author tries to show that Adam Smith’s ideas expressed in his books_________.A. are all related to the study of the nature of market forcesB. are consistent and systematic throughoutC. are sometimes apparently self-contradictoryD. are supportive of the corporation as the dominant economic organization.66. Which of the following can serve as the conclusion of the passage?A. Adam Smith’s analysis of the invisible hand is still the guideline of today’s economy.B. Adam Smith’s self-declared supporters have misunderstood the expression of “the invisible hand.”C. Adam Smith used the metaphor of “ the invisible hand” to describe different kinds of social phenomena.D. Adam Smith’s self-contradictory assertions and discussions are understandable.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After an hour and a half, Barack Obama and I both said what we wanted to say and talked about how to move forward. Later that night Barack emailed a proposed joint statement that would be released by his campaign confirming the meeting and our productive discussion” about what “needs to be done to succeed in November.” He also asked for a number to call Bill so that they could speak directly.The next day, June 6, Bill and I hosted my campaign staff in the backyard of our home in D.C. It was a boiling hot day. We all tried not to overheat as we thought of the unbelievable twists and turns of the primary season. Being surrounded by the dedicated tearn that has fought so hard for me was inspiring and humbling. Some were friends who had worked with us on campaigns going all the way back to Arkansas. For many of the younger people, this was their first race. I didn’t want them to be discouraged by defeat of turned off of electoral politics and public service, so I told them to be proud of the campaign we’d run and to keep working for the causes and candidates we believed in. I also knew I had to lead by example, and while my fireside chat with Barack the night before was a start, it was only that. It would take time for many to get past all that had happened, and I knew that people would be taking their cues from me._______________67________._____________________68_____________. My dear friend Stephanie Tubbs Jones, the fearless African American Congresswoman form Ohio who resisted intense pressure and stayed by my side throughout the primaries, dangled her feet in the swimming pool and told funny stories. Two months later she would die suddenly from a brain aneurism, a terrible loss for her family and for me and my family. For this day at least, we were still sisters in arms, looking forward to better days ahead.I signed off on the time and place for my final campaign appearance the next day and began to work on my speech. Writing this one was complicated, _______69___________________. And I support Barack in a way that would help him in the general election. That was a lot of freight for one speech to carry, and I didn’t have much time to get it right. I remember bitter primary battles that went all the way to the Convention, especially Ted Kennedy’s failed challenge to President Carter in 1980, and I would not let that history repeat itself. It would not be good for our party of for the country , so I was going to move quickly to publicly back Barack and campaign for him.____________________70_________. In person and over the phone, I went back and forth with speechwriters and advisors seeking the right tone and language. Jim Kennedy, an old friend with a magic touch for evocative language, had woken up in the middle of the night thinking about how the 18 million people who hadvoted for me had each added a hole in the ultimate glass celling. That gave me something to build on. I didn’t want to repeat the standard but ineffective comment; this endorsement had to be in my own words, a convincing personal argument about why we should all work to elect Barack. I stayed up until the early hours of the morning, sitting at our kitchen table with Bill making revisions to draft after draft.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Say No to BullyingAdam wakes up with a knot of anxiety in the pit of his stomach. He knows that he faces bullying at school by three boys in his class. Yesterday, they told him they would beat him up if he showed up for the school day. Adam is so nervous that he pretends to be sick at home. Actually , he has done this a lot over the past three months and his grades were suffering because of it. Adam is not alone. Every day there are more school absences due to bullying than any other issue.Dr. Dan Olweus, a pioneering researcher in the field of bullying prevention, defines bullying this way: “ Bullying is when someone repeatedly and on purpose says or does mean or hurtful things to another person who has a hard time defending himself or herself.”Bullying can happen in many ways. Most types of bullying fall into two categories : direct bullying and indirect bullying. Direct bullying involves physical confrontations, verbal harassment and threat. Indirect bullying is more subtle and can include spreading rumors, excluding someone from a group or activity , and cyberbullying. Whatever the type of bullying is used, they are equally harmful and can affect a student’s well-being and academic achievement.It's normal for students to feel frightened or angry when other children bully them, but they can discourage attacks by showing confidence and not overreacting. Try not to fight with a bullying child or make verbal or written insults. This could lead to more aggression and possibly serious injury. Report any bullying to a parent or a trusted adult . It’s important to remember that bullying is wrong and should be handled by an adult. Whenever possible, avoid situations where there are no other students or teachers. Wait until another person walks in the same direction and walk next to them. There is no single to bullying , but it’s not sensible to ignore it just because it’s hard to deal with.V. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 20世纪性别平等有了很大的进步。
2018-2019学年上海市延安中学高三上英语期中试卷
上海市延安中学2018学年第一学期高三英语期中考试第Ⅰ卷Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Smart phones were once the best thing to happen to the tech industry.In the11years since the iPhone made its debut,smartphones___21___（include）just about every other gadget.And it is surprising that it___22___alter every business.But___23_________smart phones have achieved dominance,revolution is again in the air.At Google’s and Apple’s recent developer conferences,executives took the stage to show how much more irresistible they were making our phones.Then each company unveiled the software___24___（help）you use your phone a lot less.There’s a reason for this seemingly contradictory engineering effort,and it’s___25___I call“Peak Screen”.For much of the last decade,a technology industry___26___（rule）by smart phones has pursued a singular goalof completely___27___（conquer）our eyes.Tech has now captured pretty much all visual capacity.Americans spend three to four a day looking at their phones,and that’s the minimum estimation.So tech giant are to build the beginning of something new:a___28___（visual）tech world,a digital landscape ___29___relies on voice assistants,headphones,watches and other wearables to take some pressure off our eyes.So tech giants are building the beginning of something new:a less insistently visual tech world,a digital landscape that relies on voice assistants,headphones,watches and other wearables to take some pressure off our eyes.We may simply end up adding new devices to our screen-addled lives,___30___it could change everything again.As I argued,in many ways screens have become too dominant in our lives.The sooner we find something else,the better.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.ultimatelyB.prominentC.separatingD.implicationsE.controversialF.indefinitelyG.allegationspromisingI.wrestlingJ.postponementThe Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery was preparing the wall text in2014to accompany an image of the boxer Floyd Mayweather Jr..During the process,the Washington museum decided to note that Mr.Mayweather had been“charged with domestic violence on several occasions,”receiving“punishments ranging from community service to jail time.”Such context is common for___31___subjects in art,but far less so for artists Themselves—centuries of men like Picasso or Schiele who were known for mistreating women,but whose works hang in___32___museums without any asterisks（星号）.Now,museums around the world are___33___with the___34___of a decision,by the National Gallery of Art in Washington,to___35___postpone a Chuck Close exhibition because of___36___of sexual harassment（骚扰）involving potential portrait models that have involved the artist in controversy.Mr.Close has called the allegations“lies”and said he is“being severely criticized.”The___37___has raised difficult questions about what to do with the paintings and photographs of Mr.close—held by museums like the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York,the Tate in London and the Pompidou and Paris,as well as by high-spending collectors—and whether the work of other artists accused of questionable conduct needs to be revisited.It is a provocative（引起争论的）moment for the art world,as the public debate about___38___creative output from personal conduct moves from popular culture into the realm of major visual artists from different eras and the institutions that have long collected and exhibited their pieces.“We’re very used to having to defend people in the collection,but it’s always been for the sitter”rather than the artist,said Kim Sajet,director of the Portrait Gallery,which has a large body of Mr.Close’s work.“Now we have to think to ourselves,”“Do we need to do that about Chuck Close?’”“You can’t talk about portraiture an America without talking about Chuck Close,”she added.“There are lots of amazing artists who have been less than admirable people.”Whatever museums___39___decide to do about Mr.Close,some say they can no longer afford to simply present art without___40___the issues that surround the artist—that institutions must play a more active role in educating the public about the human beings behind the work.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people’s eye in a recent interview,when he suggested that robots should be taxed in order to help humans keep their jobs.Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who have worried about automation and its___41___to workers.It’s easy to see why the tech world is___42___.The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that ___43___humans could simply become obsolete--___44___,3.5million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks.Though in the past,technology usually complemented workers ___45___replacing them,there’s no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same.A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already___46___income from workers to company owners. Another___47___is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by complementing new technology—to“race with the machines,”as economist Erik Brynjolfsson puts it—this transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people.As Bloomberg View’s Tyler Cowen has noted,wages in Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution.More___48___,we’ve seen very slow and painful adjustment to the impact of globalization.If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for40 years before ultimately helping them,it might be worth it to___49___that revolution______and give them time to adjust.The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back___50___.Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade,suggesting that it’s getting harder and harder to find new ways of doing things.Stagnating productivity,combined with falling business investment,suggests that___51___of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast—the biggest problem right now isn’t too many robots,it’s too few.Taxing new technology,however,it’s done,could make that slowdown worse.The problem with Gate’s basic proposal is that it’s very hard to tell the difference between new technology that ___52___humans and new technology that replaces them.This is especially true over the long term.Power looms （织布机）replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution.___53___,people eventually became more productive,by learning to operate those looms.If taxes had slowed the development of power looms,the eventual improvements would have come later.This is a powerful argument___54___the taxation of automation.Gates is right to say that we should startgiven the importance of sustaining innovation,we should look at___55___policies.41.A.resistance B.threat C.admission D.dedication42.A.frightened B.worried C.intolerant D.offensive43.A.few B.several C.many D.any44.A.in other words B.for example C.of course D.by contrast45.A.in case of B.because of C.in face of D.instead of46.A.distracted B.digested C.diverted D.disclosed47.A.fear B.proposal C.adjustment plement48.A.possibly B.recently C.primarily D.technically49.A.slow…down B.make…up C.get…over D.give…up50.A.modernism B.availability C.popularity D.innovation51.A.persuasion B.adoption C.interruption D.eliminationplements B.engages C.invades D.matures53.A.However B.Therefore C.Consequently D.Furthermore54.A.from B.against C.by D.besides55.A.uppermost B.stimulating C.persistent D.alternativeSection BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart.I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow.It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight.I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked.They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts,then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union.I recognized him,a hunched,frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart.He looked so lonely,the tears came to my eyes.Then he saw me,and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile―Charlie Chaplin’s smile."Arch,it’s Mikey,"he said."So you have sold your papers!Come and eat a banana."He offered me one.I refused it.I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas,not give them away.He thought I was shy,and coaxed and joked with me,and made me eat the banana.It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven’t sold many bananas today,pop,"I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do?No one seems to want them."It was true.The work crowds pushed home morosely（愁眉苦脸的）over the pavements.The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings,the tall street lamps were lit,countless trucks,street cars and elevated trains clattered by.Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father’s bananas."I ought to yell,"said my father dolefully."I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers,but it makes my throat sore.Anyway,I’m ashamed of yelling,it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas.My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow.I must remain here and help my father."I’ll yell for you,pop,"I volunteered."Arch,no,"he said,"go home;you have worked enough today.Just tell momma I’ll be late."But I yelled and yelled.My father,standing by,spoke occasional words of praise,and said I was a wonderfulyeller.Nobody else paid attention.The workers drifted past us wearily,endlessly;a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home.Elevated trains crashed;the Cooper Union clock burned above us;the sky grew black,the wind poured,the slush burned through our shoes.There were thousands of strange,silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow.None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled,nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last."Nu,"he said smiling to console me,"that was wonderful yelling,Mikey.But it’s plain we are unlucky today!Let’s go home."I was frantic,and almost in tears.I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells.But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.56.“Unyoked”in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to______.A.sentB.releasedC.pouredD.removed57.What is the theme of the story?A.The miserable life of factory workers.B.How to survive in a bitter environment.C.Generation gap between the father and the son.D.Love between the father and the son.58.What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?A.IndifferentB.SympatheticC.AppreciativeD.Difficult to tell（B）There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult:the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.The fact that an airplane is up in the air and can't stop if anything goes wrong,makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.Given a certain power of engine,and consequently a certain fuel consumption,there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made to fly.Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel,radio navigational instruments,passenger seats,or freight room,and,of course,the passengers or freight themselves.So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow.The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear.This specialist is called the"stress man."He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture,accidental damage, etc.The stress man's calculations go to the designer of the part,and he must make it as strong as the stress man says is necessary.One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended.Each separate part is tested,then a whole assembly—for example,a complete wing,and finally the whole aeroplane. When a new type of aeroplane is being made,normally only one of the first three made will be flown.Two will be destroyed on the ground in strict tests.The third one will be tested in the air.When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness,without which it is illegal to fly,except for test flying.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough.The flying controls,the electrical equipment,the fire precautions,etc.must not only be light in weight,but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers,with elaborate laboratories and test houses,and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.59.The two main requirements of aircraft design are___.第4页/共9页A.speed and costB.reliability and passenger comfortC.lightness and dependabilityD.Ability to stay up in the air and reliability60.The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by_____.A.the engine powerB.the amount of freight roomC.the number of passengersD.international regulations61.The first three aeroplanes of a new type_____.A.are only for slowB.are all destroyedC.are later broken up for spare partsD.are used for testing purposes62.All equipment in an aircraft must____.A.be tested to destructionB.not be too light in weightC.work especially well at high temperaturesD.work perfectly within a wide range of temperatures（C）For all the pressures and rewards of regionalization and globalization,local identities remain the most deeply impressed.Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller,its scope seems to foster the need for more intimate local connections among many individuals.As Bernard Poignant,mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany,told the Washington Post,“Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments.The more open the world becomes,the more ties there will be to one’s roots and one’s land.”In most communities,local languages such as Poignant’s Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of“authenticity（原真性）”.The sum total of a community’s shared historical experience,authenticity reflects a perceived（感知到的）line from a culturally idealized past to the present,carried by the language and traditions associated with the community’s origins.A concern for authenticity leads most secular（世俗的）Israelis to champion（捍卫，维护）Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic.The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English.In each case,authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the“threat”that globalization seems to present to these historical values.Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems.But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eagerness.As a result,never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly1,200.Many smaller languages,even those with far fewer than one million speakers,have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements.On the most informal level,communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American language to younger generations.In the Basque,Catalan,and Galician regions of Spain,such movements are fiercely political and frequently involve loyal resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights.Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools.Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy（自治权）.In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots,supporters of local languages defend their continued use on practical grounds.Local tongues foster higher levels of school success,higher degrees of participation in local government,more informed citizenship,and betterabout industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audience.Development workers in West Africa,for example,have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues.Nevertheless,both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers of local languages be multi-literate.63.In paragraph1,the author quoted a mayor’s word to show that globalization___.A.strengthens local identitiesB.weakens regionalizationC.strengthens individualismD.weakens local attachments64.The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it_____.A.weakens the authority of authenticityB.prevents the development of authenticityC.enhances the importance of authenticityD.promotes the maturity of authenticity65.In terms of campaigns for language protection,America differs from Spain and Mexico in that____.A.its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the stateB.its locals are not interested in finding native AmericansC.its youths are eager to pass on the local traditionsD.its movements are not political66.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Practically,local languages are less used than English.B.Local languages are more important in daily life.C.The smaller the world is,the more united the locals are.D.The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.（D）Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most parents know that they need life insurance.But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.“People don’t think about,‘What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?’”says Peter Katt,afee-only life insurance adviser.“The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they’re not stuck.”Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic.Too often,parents make a quick decision,ignoring important considerations.Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. ___67___“They don’t think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance,”says Greg Daugherty,executive editor of Consumers Union.But if that person dies,the other parent can’t stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family.___68___.Katt recommended that one young couple should buy$3million for the husband who earns$100,000a year and$1million for the stay-at-home wife.At the same time,many families rely on employer-provided life insurance,but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family.Many employer-provided policies provide a death of$10,000to$25,000—barely enough to cover your funeral expense.Some employers provide a year’s salary,but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living. Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions.They may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy.But if you’re young and healthy,you may be able to get a better rate on your own.Another drawback is that if you leave your job,you may not be able to take your insurance.“Given the job market,most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,”Daugherty says.“___69___.”On the other hand,some families buy too much insurance.Not everyone needs life insurance.Some people buy life insurance for babies,which is unnecessary,unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family,Daugherty says:The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don’t need life insurance.Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“I said none,”Katt says.“___70___.”Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.What It Means to Be a Student Athlete?Chances are if you make it too college athletics,you have already put countless hours,blood,sweat and tears into the sport you play.College athletics is the next step in becoming a better athlete.But it is like a hidden life that only the dedicated workers get to experience.While the average college student schedules classes later than10 a.m.,most student athletes—me included—get out of bed at6a.m.and get in practice.We must schedule our classes around our practices to make sure that we can give100percent both in the classroom and at practice.Student athletes may experience the joy of going to class sweaty after lifting weights without having any time to shower.Your average girl student,by contrast,comes in wearing a nice outfit and a full face of make-up.When the average student shows up to class45minutes late,it often angers the student athlete who has been up since the crack of dawn.Some might say student athletes are not smart and that they’re only there to play sports.My response to that would be:Try training20hours a week and then being attentive every day in class.The free time that we do have is spent at the study hall studying for upcoming tests.Being a student athlete is much more than the early wake-up time.It is much more than tight schedule. It is much more than no free time.Being a student athlete means that we put our school’s name on our backs and represent it doing what we love.We have worked hard to get where we are and that pride of stepping up on game day is worth everysweat.Being a student athlete means that we are among the most athletic ones in our age group.We get to meet other athletes who are gifted and dedicated.We get to create bonds with those who share a passion for athletics. Being a student athlete means that young kids look up to us in an admirable way.We have the influence to give them power and keep them reaching for their dreams.When we look back on our time with college athletics,we won’t remember how much we hated specific exercises.We will remember the pure joy and great pride that we feel in doing what we love with those who we love.第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ.TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.这项校园禁令适用于手机，平板和智能手表。
上海市延安中学2017届高三上学期周测(十)英语试题-十一选十 Word版含答案
Section B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.(F=BC，G=ABC，H=AB，I=AD，J=BD，K=ABD)In 2003, the Gates Foundation launched a project called Grand Challenges Global Health. What I like about it is the way the Gates Foundation approached solving this problem. They didn’t say, "We, the rich Western foundation, will now ___41___ and then ___42___instructions and write some checks. They said, “Let’s cooperate horizontally on defining both the problem and the solutions ---- let's create value that way ---- and then [the foundation] will ___43___ our money in the solutions we both define.” So the Gates Foundation placed ads on the Web and in more ___44____ channels across both the developed and the developing worlds, asking scientists to respond to one big question: What .are the biggest problems that, if science attended to them and solved them, could most dramatically change the fate of the several billion people trapped in the evil cycle of high ___45___ death rate, low life expectancy, and disease? The foundation got about eight thousand pages of ideas from hundreds of scientists from around the world, including Nobel Prize winners. It then collected through them and cut them down to a list of fourteen Grand Challenge ---- challenge where a technological innovation could remove a ___46___ barrier to the solving of an important health problem in the developing world.In the fall of 2003, these fourteen Grand Challenges worldwide. They include the following: How to create effective single-dose (单剂量) vaccines (疫苗) that can be used soon after birth, how to prepare vaccines that do not require refrigeration, how to develop needle-free deliver systems for vaccines, how to better understand which immunological(免疫系统的) responses ___47___ protective immunity, how to better control insects that carry agents of disease, how to develop a ___48___ or chemical strategy to disable an infectious insect population, how to create a full range of the most favorable bioavailable nutrients in a single staple plant species, and how to create immunological methods that can ___49___ chronic (慢性的) infections. Within a year, thefoundation received sixteen proposals for ways to meet these ___50___ from scientists in seventy-five countries, and the foundation is now in the process of funding the best proposals with $250 million in cash.Keys: IGCKH DBEFA。
2017-2018延安中学高三周测十
Grammar and VocabularyAMusic comes in many forms, most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the century(25)_____jazz was born, America had no distinguished style of its own. No one knows exactlywhen jazz was invented, or by whom . But it began to be heard in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. In contrast (26)___classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is instinctive and free-form. It (27)______(bubble) with energy, expressing the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, as it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music itself. America negroes, or blacks, as they arecalled today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives formed a procession (28)_______(carry) the dead body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompaniedthe march. On the way to cemetery the band played slow music suited to the occasion. But on the wayhome the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death ____(29)(remove) one of their relations, but the living wereglad to be alive. They band played happy music, improvising(即兴发挥) on both the harmony and melodyof the tunes(30)____(present) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early formof jazz. Music has always been important in the lives of the black. Coming mainly from West Africa, theblack men who were brought to America already possessed a rich musical tradition. This music centered on religious ceremonies(31)________dancing, singing, clapping and stamping to the beat of a drum were important forms of musical expression. As these people settled in to their fields, they made up work songs. Singing made the hard work go faster. Another musical form that helped to develop jazz was the blues.Blues songs always describes something sad---(32)______unhappy love affair, a money problem, bad luck.To this day, the expression ”feeling blue” means being sad.BMy life in MaycombMaycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when i first knew it...people moved slowly then.They wanderd across the square, walked leisurely in and out of the stores around it, took their time about everything. A day was twenty –four hours long but seemed(33)_______(long). There was no hurry,(34)_______there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outsidethe boundaries of Maycomb country. But it was a time of vague optimism for some of the people Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself.We lived on the main residential street in town---Atticus, Jem and I, plus Calpurnia our cook. Jem andi found our father satisfactory he played with us, read to us, and treated us with friendly distance.Calpurnia was something else again. She was all angles and bones she was nearsighted her hands werewide as a thin narrow flat piece of wood and twice as hard. She was always ordering me out of the kitchen,asking me (35) i couldn’t behave as well jem when she knew he was older, and (36)______(call) me homewhen i wasn’t ready to come. Our battles were heroic and one-sided. Calpurnia always won, mainly because Atticus always took her side. She (37)_______(be) with us ever since Jem was born, and i had felther tyrannical(暴君般的)presence as long as I could remember.Our mother died when i was two, so i never felt her absence. She was a Graham from MontgomeryAtticus met her when he was first elected to the state law-making body. He was middle-aged then, and shewas fifteen years(38)_____junior. Jem was the product of their first year of marriage, four years later i wasborn, and two years later our mother died from a sudden heart attack. They said it ran in her family. I didnot miss her, (39)____i think Jem did. He remembered her clearly, and sometimes in the middle of a game he would sigh at length, then go off and play by him self behind the car-house. When he was like that, i knew better than (40)________(bother) him.答案 when / with/bubbles/ to carry/ had removed/presented/where/ an答案 longer/because/why/calling/ had been/ his /but / botheringSection B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.In 2003, the Gates Foundation launched a project called Grand Challenges Global Health. What I like about it is the way the Gates Foundation approached solving this problem. They didn’t say, "We, the rich Western foundation, will now ___41___ and then ___42___instructions and write some checks. They said, “Let’s cooperate horizontally on defining both the problem and the solutions ---- let's create value that way ---- and then [the foundation] will ___43___ our money in the solutions we both define.” So the Gates Foundation placed ads on the Web and in more ___44____ channels across both the developed and the developing worlds, asking scientists to respond to one big question: What .are the biggest problems that, if science attended to them and solved them, could most dramatically change the fate of the several billion people trapped in the evil cycle of high ___45___ death rate, low life expectancy, and disease? The foundation got about eight thousand pages of ideas from hundreds of scientists from around the world, including Nobel Prize winners. It then collected through them and cut them down to a list of fourteen Grand Challenge ---- challenge where a technological innovation could remove a ___46___ barrier to the solving of an important health problem in the developing world.In the fall of 2003, these fourteen Grand Challenges worldwide. They include the following: How to create effective single-dose (单剂量) vaccines (疫苗) that can be used soon after birth, how to prepare vaccines that do not require refrigeration, how to develop needle-free deliver systems for vaccines, how to better understand which immunological (免疫系统的) responses ___47___ protective immunity, how to better control insects that carry agents of disease, how to develop a ___48___ or chemical strategy to disable an infectious insect population, how to create a full range of the most favorable bioavailable nutrients in a single staple plant species, and how to create immunological methods that can ___49___ chronic(慢性的) infections. Within a year, the foundation received sixteen proposals for ways to meet these ___50___ from scientists in seventy-five countries, and the foundation is now in the process of funding the best proposals with $250 million in cash.Keys: IGCKH DBEFAWhen you’re making a split-second decision, waiting a fraction of a second to decide can make a world of difference.Scientists at Columbia University and the University of Pittsburgh found that when making choices between a right and wrong answer, people’s accuracy in making the right decision increased dramatically when they gave themselves a small amount of time. __1___ It’s all about giving our attention enough time to sort out the relevant information from the distracters, says one of the study's co-authors, Vincent Ferrera, an associate professor of (神经科学）at Columbia University Medical Center. “The little extra time to sort out the irrelevant information makes the decision-making more efficient," he says.____2___. They were told which set was their target, and then asked to indicate which direction the .target dots were moving when the distracting set was introduced 一the distracting set either moved in the same direction or the opposite direction of the target dots. The participants performed this task under different conditions: in some experiments they aimed for accuracy, in others, for speed.Ferrera and his colleagues found that when the participants had a little more 1 as 50 milliseconds to make their decision, their accuracy improved. The reason? ___3___. "If you take attention offline, you go from almost perfect accuracy to almost chance accuracy," he says.That doesn’t mean taking longer to decide necessarily leads to a better choice. With more time, there's more chance for distracting and even misleading information to filter into the process, confusing the situation. Ferrera's findings suggest that simply accumulating more and more information isn't always helpful. "What we're saying is that before you start gathering evidence, take a short moment to determine whether that evidence is really relevant to the decision you are making,” he says."___4___"答案：ACEBDirections: summarize the following passage in no more than 60 words.Children Need Chores“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we have stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores,” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz, and commenter of the forthcoming book—“Raising Can—Do Kids”.Decades of study shows the benefits of chores—economically, emotionally and even professionally.Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and self-reliance, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives—in preschool around ages 10 to 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or those who started as teens.Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to other’s needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In research, he and his team surveyed 10,000 middle and high-school students and asked them to rank what they valued most: achievement, happiness or caring for others.Almost 80% percent chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggest that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We are out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start readjusting priorities, he suggest, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home.The next time your child asks you to skip the chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook, says psychologist Madeline Levine, author of “Teach Your Children Well”. Being slack about chores when the y compete with school send you child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small message in the moment,” she says, “add up to big ones in the future.”Keys: parents today neglect household chores, but studies show chores academically, emotionally and professional benefits. Giving young children chores help children build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and self-reliance. Chores also make them empathetic and more responsive to oth ers’ needs. So research suggest children should learn to be kind and helpful at home and parents should give them chores.(59 words)。
上海市延安中学2021届高三上学期周测(十)英语试题-六选四 Word
上海市延安中学2021届高三上学期周测（十）英语试题-六选四WordA. Without the added time, their choices were no better than chance.B. Then you won’t have to wrestle later with that irrelevant information.C. In the study, 13 volunteers were asked to look at competing sets of dotsscrolling across a computer screen. D. If you have ever struggled with a difficult decision, you have likely also been offered a heap of decision-making wisdom. E. That precious time is enough to allow our attention to focus on sorting out the distracters from the useful information related to the situation. F. Once people have all the necessary information to make a decision, too much conscious thinking may lead to unnecessary attention given to irrelevant factors. When you’re making a split-second decision, waiting a fraction of a second to decide can make a world of difference.Scientists at Columbia University and the University of Pittsburgh found that when making choices between a right and wrong answer, people’s accuracy in making the right decision increased dramatically when they gave themselves a small amount of time. __1___It’s all about giving our attention enough time to sort out the relevant information from the distracters, says one of the study's co-authors, Vincent Ferrera, an associate professor of (神经科学）at Columbia University Medical Center. “The little extra time to sort out the irrelevant information makes the decision-making more efficient,\____2___. They were told which set was their target, and then asked to indicate which direction the .target dots were moving when the distracting set was introduced 一the distracting set either moved in the same direction or the opposite direction of the target dots. The participants performed this task under different conditions: in some experiments they aimed for accuracy, in others, for speed.Ferrera and his colleagues found that when the participants had a little more 1 as 50 milliseconds to make their decision, their accuracy improved. The reason? ___3___. \attention offline, you go from almost perfect accuracy to almost chance accuracy,\That doesn’t mean taking longer to decide necessarily leads to a better choice. With moretime, there's more chance for distracting and even misleading information to filter into the process, confusing the situation. Ferrera's findings suggest that simply accumulating more and more information isn't always helpful. \we're saying is that before you start gathering evidence, take a short moment to determine whether that evidence is really relevant to the decision you are maki ng,” he says.\答案：ACEB感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
上海市延安中学2017届高三上学期综合试卷二语法与辞汇部份英语试题含答案
延安中学高三综合试卷二（语法与辞汇部份）Section ADirections: Read the following two passages: Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.ASeveral years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me:” You don’t look well” That completely took me by surprise, I told him I had never felt ___25_____ (well). Without hesitation he told me I looked terribly bad and my skin appeared yellow.When I felt the service station, ___26____(feel) a little uneasy, I pulled over to the side of road and look at my face in the mirror. How did I feel? Was everything all right? Had I picked up__27__ rare disease? Had I picked up hepatitis(肝炎)?The next time I drove into the service station, I figured out what___28____ (happen). The place had recently been painted a bright yellow, the light__29_____ (reflect) off the walks made someone inside look as though they had hepatitis. I wondered how many folks had reacted the way I did. I had let one short conversation with a total stranger__30____ (change) my attitude for an entire day. He told me I looked sick, and before long, I was actually feeling sick. That single negative observation had a profound effect___31___ the way I felt and acted.A little while later I saw how funny the incident was. I wonder how many other people that man had told they were ill __32____he realized that the service station had a paint job.BMy daughter and I were flying to spend a week with my husband in Florida. The plane was totally full. I had noticed some Boy Scouts (童子军) at the gate and promised to my daughter that if ____33___ happened, we would be OK with all those Scouts on our flight!Unfortunately, our seats were separated by the aisle(走道), Kallie was nervous about the trip and had counted on my reading to her the whole way. ___34____ (try) to read across the aisle would be a challenge.When the two passengers who shared my row boarded the plane, I asked if they ___35___ switch places with Kallie and me. They refused. Meanwhile, a mother and her three children were panicking several rows ahead of us. There had been a mistake with their boarding passes, and the whole family__36___ (split) up. The passengers in her row also refused to move. The mother was concerned about the younger boy sitting with strangers.Suddenly the Scout leader stood up and said, “Ma’am, we can help you.” He then spent five minutes rearranging his group. The mother’s relief was obvious.Kallie, however, was still upset. I told her that there wasn’t anything___37____ I could do; we would have to sit____38___ we were. Gradually, the man sitting next to the Scoutmaster (not a Scout himself) turned around and asked, “would you and your daughter like our seats?”We traded seats and continued our trip, very much ___39____(relieve) to be together.Would that man have offered us his seat if the Scouts hadn’t done so for the mom andher children?I don’t know. But the belief lives on in my mind ___40____kindness is contagious(蔓延)！答案：25. better happened been splitSection B (10)Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once. There is one extra which you do not need.Sports would not be sports without its rivalries. Lin Dan and Lee Chong Wei, Sun Yang and Park Tae-hwan, Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte-these friendly rivalries contributed to some of the most __41__ moments at the London Olympics. In fact, new research on rivalry suggests rivals like Phelps and Lochte are both the better Athletes for their epic battle to be the best.“ A rivalry in this kind of ___42___is apt(偏向于) to benefit these swimmers’ motivation and performance,’ said Gavin Kilduff, an assistant professor at New York University who studies the causes and consequences of rivalry.Intense rivalries ___43___for three reasons, according to past research by Kilduff and colleagues. First, competitors turn into rivals when they feel similar to one another, both in terms of characteristics and abilities. Second, a rivalry builds the more times two competitors face off. It further _44__when past contests have been closely decided.“That could be in part because if you win or lose by a very small margin, you __45___that the opposite could have happened; that can be very emotionally ___46___situation that lives on in your mind,” said Kilduff.Research by Kilduff and colleagues suggests that the rivalry between Phelps and Lochte could be shaving as much as two percent off their times. Looking at the performance of 82 amateur runners of five-kilometer races over the course of six years, the researchers found that the runner ran, on average, 25 seconds faster when they competed against a runner who fit the __47_____of being their rival.Although one cannot always reliably apply that number to other sports or situation, Kilduff said the message is clear:” Rivalries produce a(n) ___48____performance boost.”That holds true for everyone. Kilduff found that having a rival in school, the workplace, or on a sports team__49____ and energizes us. There’s a dark side, however: Kilduff also found that people in a rivalry more often cheat or lie when given the _____50_____In short, when you have a rival,” you’re going to put forth more effort,” he said,” but you’re also going to cut corners and just do whatever it takes to win."答案：41. F。
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2017-2018学年上海市延安中学英语测试试题
Directions: summarize the following passage in no more than 60 words.
Children Need Chores
“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we have stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores,” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz, and commenter of the forthcoming book—“Raising Can—Do Kids”. Decades of study shows the benefits of chores—economically, emotionally and even professionally.
Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and self-reliance, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor emeritus at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives—in preschool around ages 10 to 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or those who started as teens.
Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to other’s needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. In research, he and his team surveyed 10,000 middle and high-school students and asked them to rank what they valued most: achievement, happiness or caring for others.
Almost 80% percent chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggest that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We are out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start readjusting priorities, he suggest, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home.
The next time your child asks you to skip the chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook, says psychologist Madeline Levine, author of “Teach Your Children Well”. Being slack about chores when they compete with school send you child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small message in the moment,” she says, “add up to big ones in the future.”
Keys: parents today neglect household chores, but studies show chores academically, emotionally and professional benefits. Giving young children chores help children build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and self-reliance. Chores also make them empathetic and more responsive to others’ needs. So research suggest children should learn to be kind and helpful at home and parents should give them chores.(59 words)。