初中英语6大时态
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初中英语六大时态
1、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
用法:
1.现阶段经常性,习惯性的动作。
例如:
I get up at six every morning.
He plays tennis once a week.
2.现在的状态。
例如:
My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.
3.客观真理。
例如:
The earth goes around the sun.
4)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:
often ,usually ,sometimes ,always ,every day ,never ,in the morning 等连用时。
构成:主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。
主语是
主语为第三人称和名词单数时:
肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数
否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他
疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does
(否)No,S+do/does not
当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时:
肯定式: S + be +···
否定式: S+ be +not + ···
疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···?
简略回答: (肯) Yes,S + be.
(否) No,S + be.
2. 现在进行时
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
用法:
1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。
例如:
She is having a bath now.
2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。
例如: You are working hard today.
Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.
The population of the world is growing very fast.
3.频度副词always, forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。
如:
He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏,表扬)
4.表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly,
begin, stay 等动词)。
如:
The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..
5.常用于现在进行时态的时间状语: now ,look,listen等。
构成:
(1)be+ v-ing
(2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句: S+be +V-ing
否定句:S+be+not + V-ing
一般疑问句:Is(Are)+S+V-ing?
特殊疑问:wh_+ be + S + V-ing?
3.一般将来时
概念:表示即将发生动作或状态。
用法: 1.将要发生的动作。
构成:任何人称+will+动词原形.
陈述句:(1)I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.(2) He will go with us. (3) We will arrive in Shanghai next week.
否定句:(1) I will never believe you again. (2)He will not come tonight. (3)We will not buy a car next year.
一般疑问句:(1)Will you go there by train? (2)Will he come tomorrow? (3)Will they live a five-star hotel?
2.将要存在的状态。
例如:This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?
3.打算要做的事。
例如:Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?
构成: is/am/are+going to+V原形,表示计划打算做什么事情.
陈述句:I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.
否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.
一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?
特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?
4.常用于一般将来时的时间状语:tomorrow, next year, the month after next, in two hours. next week ,in 2016 等。
例如:I am going to Hainan tomorrow.
4.一般过去时
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
用法:
1.过去发生的动作。
例如:
The police stopped me on my way home last night.
2.过去存在的状态。
例如:
They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 2012,等。
构成:
S+V-ed
(1)用动词的过去式。
作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
(2)一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和like为例):
5、过去进行时
概念:.表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
1.过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例如:
This time last year I was living in Brazil.
What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2.常用于过去进行时的时间状语: at four yesterday afternoon,then,at that time/moment ,at this time yesterday或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其他例如:I was doing my homework at that time.
4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其他例如:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
(第一个字母大写)Were you watching TV at that time?
6.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+was/were+主语+doing +其他例句: What were you doing at that moment?.
构成: was / were +v-ing
6、现在完成时
概念:
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever,
never, before等词连用. 如:
She has never read this novel.
2.表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.
I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.
注:在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。
如:
He has died for 3 years.(F)
He has been dead for 3 years.(T)
注:①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。
如:in 1998, last morning 等
②have/has been to 表示“去过”(去了又回来了)
have/has gone to 表示“去过”(去了没回来了)
如:Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)
Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)
构成:
have / has + v-ing
现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以be和see为例):肯定句:S+ have(has)+V-ed
否定句:S+ have(has)+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed
一般疑问句:Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+?
特殊疑问句:wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+?。