初中英语八大时态讲解及练习

初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)(共21页)
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概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；
②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三
人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：
①把be动词放于句首；
②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原
行为动词。

在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，
即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。

如：He likes watching TV. 他喜
欢看电视。

She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。

(口诀：I用am，you用are，is用于她他它，单数名词用
is，复数名词都用are)二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。

如：①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

②Beijing
is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做
蛋糕。

三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第
三人称单数。

如：①A horse is a use ful animal. 马是有用的动物。

②This
book is yours. 这本书是你的。

四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody,
everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。

如：①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

②There is something wrong with
the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。

如：
①The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②The bread is very small.
那面包很小。

六、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。

如：①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

【练习】
一、单选
二、 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
三、 A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
四、 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
五、 A have B there is C there are D has
六、 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
七、 A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
八、 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
九、 A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
十、 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
十一、 A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening
D liking ;listen6 Jenny____ English every evening.A has study B
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studies C study D studied二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.2 _____your sister_____(know)English3Her
home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
一般过去时的结构（可分三类不同的结构）
动词的一般过去时在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were
肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它
注：在这种构成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were。

Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数。

2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使
用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句式：主语 + 动词（过去式）+ 其它
否定句式：主语+ didn’t + 动词（原形）+ 其它【did not = didn’t】一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为
did】
注：1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

2. 实意动词do的一般过去时
I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)
I did my homework yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)
Did you do your homework yesterdayYes ,I did. /No, I
didn’t.(一般疑问句)
3. 情态动词的一般过去时态含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般
过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。

肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它
否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.
一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它
注：情态动词的过去式：can→could , may→might , must→must ，will-
would，should-should。

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4.特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他
特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他
What was your former name 你以前叫什么名字
Why was he late for school last Monday 上星期一他为什么迟到
What could she do twenty years ago 20年前她能做什么
规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。

live→lived use→used taste-tasted
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加–ed。

study→studied try→tried fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加–ed。

stop→stopped
plan→planned stop-stopped prefer→preferred
5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。

如：am(is)-was, are-were（是）, become _became (成为) go-went（走）
基本用法
① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。

②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。

③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。

【练习】
一、请用正确动词形式填空
1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.
3. We (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.
9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.
10. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival
11. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday Yes, he ______.
12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up the picture last night.
13. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.
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14. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning
15. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
16. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last nig ht.
17. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
18. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term
二、按要求变换句型。

1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history
2. He cleaned his roomjust now.. （划线提问） What________ he _______
3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）
Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.
4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday No, she
_________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song I __________(write) it
last year.
7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and
________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning Yes,
he _________.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year No. she
__________.
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

构成：be+现在分词。

be应为助动词，应与主语的人称和数保持一致。

【注】动词现在分词的变化规则
1. 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing，如：work - working study -
studying
2. 动词以不发音的-e结尾，要去-e加-ing，如：make -
making dance - dancing
3. 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing，如：put -
putting begin - beginning
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4. 以-ie结尾的动词，把-ie变成y再加-ing，如：lie -
lying tie - tying
写出下列动词的现在分词形式
dance______shop_______ play______________ speak_______have __ _____ work ________
write_______take________ study________ sit________sing________ swim________ lie________
变化：
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。

用法（包括高级用法)：
1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。

Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵闹。

我正在写作文。

Let's set off. It
isn’t raining now. 咱们出发吧。

现在不下雨了。

这类情况常与now现在，at the present现在，at the moment现在，today今天，this week这个星期，this year今年等时间状语连用。

有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，
如：It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing
football on the sports ground. 现在是下午四点。

孩子们在操场上踢足球。

Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点！我们大家都等着你。

Look!
They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。

Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。

Where is Kate She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里她在房间里看书。

Why are you crying Is something wrong为什么哭呢有什么不对
2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。

We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。

They are compiling a
dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。

这类情况常与today今天，this week这个星期，this evening今天晚上，these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。

3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。

They are leaving for New York tomorrow.
明天他们将要动身前往纽约。

Is your brother departing soon 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，depart离开，arrive 到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。

所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。

4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。

He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。

She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。

The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。

这类情况常与always总是，usually通常，continually不断的，constantly经常的，forever永远、老是等副词连用。

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5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。

用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。

How are you feeling today （How do you feel today）你今天感觉如何？I
am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。

Why
are you looking（do you look）so sad 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子
呢
6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。

此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。

Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。

The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。

The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。

Wait a moment; I am finishing
my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。

适合于此种用法的动词有：
bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成，begin开始，forget忘记，remember记
得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.7,“be”动词的现在进行
时。

“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚
至是伪装的。

He is being foolish. 他在装傻。

He is being honest. 他表现
得特别老实。

She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。

I can't understand why
he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。

适合于此种用法的
有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁的，polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的
等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。

（“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，
纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，“be”动词不能用
于现在进行时）如：I am happy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用am being）
我很快乐。

He's tired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用is being）他很疲倦。

It's hot today.（主语不是人，不可用is being）今天很热。

【练习】
一.填空题
1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now.
2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now.
3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim).
4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now.
5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop).
6. We _______________ (have) an English class now.
7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come).
8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now.
9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now.
10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now.
11. Look! He _________ (dive) now.
12. Tom __________________ ( watch ) TV in the dining room.
13. The doctors _____________________ (get ) off the bus.
14. Come on. They _________________ ( leave ) now.
15. It _______________________ (eat) fish now.
16. My father __________________(work) in the office now.
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17. Where is your mother She ________________________ (answer) the phone. 18. The teachers ________________ (run) now.
二、按要求改写句子
1. The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定回答：__________________________
否定回答：__________________________
对The boy提问：__________________________
2. 造句:
1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成
句.)_________________
2).is,who,the window,cleaning(连词成句)______________________
3).She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)______________________
4.)You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句
子)_______________
5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成
句.)______________
6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)__________
四、过去进行时：
（一）概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

(二)结构：were /were+ V-ing.
(三) 标志词：
this/that time,
this/that time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week …), + 点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday …) ，
4. when sb/sth. did sth. last evening
5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while
等。

例如：I was making fruit salad at this time.
They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.
（四）一般过去时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略回答。

1. 肯定句: 主语+was/were+V-ing+其
它. I was watching TV at that time last night.
2. 否定句: 主语+was/were+not+V-ing+其
它.→I was not watching TV at that time last night.
3.一般疑问句：was/were＋主语+V-ing+其它
→Were you watching TV at that time last night
肯定回答：Yes, I was. 否定回答：No, I wasn’t.
4. 特殊问句: 疑问词＋was/were＋主语+V-ing+其
它→What were you doing at at that time last night
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(五) 基本用法：
1. 过去进行时表示在过去某个时间点发生的动作或事情。

(用介词短语和从句来表示时间点)
I was sleeping at this time last Sunday.(过去某一时刻)
My mother was cooking dinner at 9:00 yesterday. (过去某一时刻)
We were having supper when Tom came in.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了｡（从句表示时间点）
2. 过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内持续发生动作或事情。

（the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while, whe n等。

）Lucy was working all day. （过去某一段时间）
We were watching TV from seven o’clock to nine o’clock las t night.
3.在复合从句中，从句和主句的动作都是延续性或同时发生，那么主从句都要过去进行时。

While he was waiting for the bus , he was resding newspap er. 他边等车边看报。

（两个动作都是延续的）
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他洗车时我在做饭。

（两个动作同时进行）
（六）when 和while的用法区别
①when既指时间点，也可指一段时间。

因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终
止性动词，也可以是延续性动词
while只指一段时间。

while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后
生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③when引导的时间状语从句。

后用一般过去时。

While后面一般用过去进行
时。

如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用
while引导，
a.When the teacher came in, we were talking. =While we wer
e talking, the teacher came in.
were singing while we were dancing.
【练习】
_______at 8:00 yesterday.
A. was sleeping late
B. slept late
C. sleep late
______at this time.
A. talking on the phone talking on the phone
B. was tal
king on the phone
was standing in front of the library ________.
A. two hours ago
B. tomorrow
C. at that time yesterday
______ when the UFO arrived
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A. was cutting hair cutting hair C. cutting hair
father was reading newspaper ____my mother was cooking dinne r.
A. when C. what
6. My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself .
A. fell, was riding
B. fell, were riding , rode
7. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio s hop at the time.
B. was working . C is working
were you doing at seven o’clock last Sunday ---
I _____ the shower.
A. was getting out of
B. got out of get out of
9. I ___ my breakfast when the bell rang.
A. had
B. was having having
10 The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling
B. traveled
C. traveling
11. --- What ' s the matter, Ali You look sad.”
---
Oh, nothing much. in fact, I ___ of my friends back home.
A. just thought
B. have just been thinking
C. was ju
st thinking
12.What_____from three to four yesterday afternoon
you done you do you doing
called you yesterday there was no answer.
---Oh, I ‘m sorry I _____dinner at my friend’s home.
B. was having
mother _____while my father_____TV.
A. cooked, was watching
B. was cooking, was watching
C.
cooked, watched
I got home, my son_____the music.
A. am listening
B. listened to listening
二、动词填空。

（work）all day yesterday.
_______（walk）home when the rain_______（begin）.
_______（do）at ten o'clock yesterday﹖---I_______（study）in class．
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4. While Harry _______（have）
breakfast, Lily telephoned him．
5. I ______ (write) a letter at t en last night.
6. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper.
7. When you ____(knock) at the door yesterday,I ____(do) some washing.
8. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite.
9. _____you _____(feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoo n
10. Mrs Green_______(not wash) clothes at this time last Satu rday.
三、按要求改写句子。

was getting out of bed when the UFO landed. （对划线部分提问）
_______ ______ you ______ when the UFO landed
2. They played tennis yesterday afternoon.(用
at 5:00 yesterday afternoon改写句子)
They _____ _____ tennis at 5:00 yesterday afternoon.
3. While it was raining ,the plane took off.（改为同义
句）It was raining _____ the plane _____ off. 4. 昨晚八点钟我爸爸在看报纸。

My father _____ ______ a newspaper at 8:00 yesterday evening.
5. 电话响时，我妈妈在做晚饭。

My mother ______ _____ _____ when the phone______.
6. 当外星人买纪念品时，我报了警。

_____ the alien was buying a suvenir ,I _____ the police. 7.I was washing my shoes at that time.（改为一般问
句）____ _____ ______ your shoes at that time
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

（一）构成：主语＋have/has＋V过去分词。

“have /has”如何使用需记清。

当主语是I，you和复数名词或代词时要用have；单数主语后跟has。

也就是说have/has需同主语的人称或数保持一致。

（二）用法
接触一：肯定句式
现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。

如：
① We have just finished our homework．② She has gone home．
注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。

3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。

接触二：疑问句式
现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

如：
③ Have you read this story book yet
特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：
④ What have you done with my bike
⑤ You've read this story book, haven't you
注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。

2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“……过吗”、“已经……了吗”等。

3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。

接触三：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。

如：
⑥ We haven't studied Unit 2 yet．⑦ The train hasn't stopped yet．
注意：1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。

2）否定句常译为“还没有……”等。

接触四：用法之一：现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影
响或结果。

如：
Have you read that story你读过那个故事吗
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。

）
I have bought two apples．我买了两个苹果。

（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。

）
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。

already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，
never多用于疑问句和否定句中。

如：
I have already finished my homework．我已经做完家庭作业了。

He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。

Have you ever sung this English song你曾唱过这首英文歌吗
They haven't started yet．他们还没有动身。

We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说过这件事。

接触五：用法之二 :表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

注：这一用法即现在完成进行时的用法
因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；
使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：
for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间，如for three years, for half an hour等。

since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,
如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。

since 还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。

如：We have known each other since we went to college.
非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away, begin / start→be on, stop→ be over，buy→ have, borrow→ keep, open→be open, close→be closed,
join→be a member of, die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know, become a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。

句型It is the first （second, third...) time that...的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。

如：It is the first time that I have been here.
接触六：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。

试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。

（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。

）
The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。

（强调动作发生的时间在过去。

）
接触七：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。

2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。

可与just, ever, never等连用。

如：
I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou 你曾经去过杭州吗
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。

如：
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。

总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。

如：—Where is Tom 汤姆在哪里—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。

接触八：常用于现在完成时的时间状语
除了我们讲过的already, yet, still，just, ever, never, since短语和 for 短语外，还有许多时间
状语常用于现在完成时，我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来：1. lately, recently是完成时的时间状语；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是过去时的时间状语。

如：
Have you heard from your family lately/recently Did you see Joan just now
2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，常用于完成时中；
in the past意思是“在过去”，常用于过去时中。

如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. Where did you work in the past
3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成时，而后两者常用于过去时。

如：
She\'s lived here ever since then. I didn\'t hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成时；...ago通常用于过去时。

如：
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago. 5. so far“到目前为止”，these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。

如：
So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. What have you done these days
接触八：过去分词有规则与不规则两种。

规则的变化形式与动词的过去式一样。

不规则就需要记忆了
不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原型：过去式和过去分词完全不同
drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum
sing----sang----sung sink----sank----sunk give----gave----given hide----hid----hidden do----did----done see----saw----seen
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought fight----fought----fought
buy----bought----bought catch----caught----caught sell----sold----sold C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become
D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
【练习】
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I______never______（speak）to a foreigner．
2. —______Tom______（return）the library book —Yes，he has．
3.—When________he________（return）it —Half an hour ago．
二、按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。

1、He has already finished his homework．（改为否定句）
He _______ finished his homework ________．
2．They have found the lost books already．（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）
______ they _______ the lost books _______No，they________．
3．Julia has not got home from school yet．（改为肯定句）
Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school ．
4．You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ （改为反意疑问句）
5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______（改为反意疑问句）
6．Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999．（改为同义句）
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999．
7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)
He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.
三、选择正确答案。

( )1．—Who is Mary
—____I saw you talking with her at the meeting ．
A．Don't you meet her yet B．Didn't you met her yet C．Haven't you met her yet D．Hadn't you met her yet
( )2．—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black
—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city ．
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited ( )3．The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．
A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt ’t feel
( ) 4．We have lived here ____ five years ago．
A．when B．since C．before D．after
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前那
时现在
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。

即“过去的过去”。

可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。

Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。

他以前是我的好友。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。

（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until 引导的
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。