情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时
情态动词+完成时(modal verbs + have + past participle)情态动词与动词原型连用,表示对目前或将来情况的瞧法或态度情态动词与完成时连用时,表示对过去情况的瞧法或态度。
1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,实际上就是说话人在表达责备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle bush、我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied、我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
s houldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it、您本来不应该告诉任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon、她们本来不应该去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”,相当于“should + have + 过去分词”You ought to have helped him、您本应该帮她一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week、上周您就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg、You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away、您不该把她的伞拿走。
He oug htn’t to have been there、她本不应该到那去。
3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“当时一定;想必已经;当时可能”。
must_have_done用法
情态动词+动词完成时,即情态动词+have+done.表示对过去的行为或动作进行推测,评论或者判断.1.must have done.表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，其否定或疑问形式都用can/could来表示。
例如：since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.2；当然对现在发生或者将来发生的事情，要用must do表示猜测，否定为can’t dohe must understand that we mean business.you must be hungry after a long walk.反意疑问句中含有Must的情况主要有以下几种：1）作为情态动词表“必须”，这时反意疑问句直接用mustn'/needn't2)当must表示推测时又分以下几种情况：a：对现在事实的推测，反意疑问句与must后面的动词呼应，如:You must be joking,aren't you ?b:对过去事实的推测，表示动作的时候用did 当助动词，表示状态时用was，如：Mr Green must have been punished for his being rude at the meeting，didn‘t he ?(格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了，是吗？）被处罚表示一个动作She must have been a policeman ,wasn't she ?（她过去一定是个警察，是吗？）是警察表示一种状态对现在情况的推测，问句部分用主动词（do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。
若是现在进行时，问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。
若是there be结构，问句用isn't/aren't there。
如：1)He must be there,isn't he?2)He must have a big family,doesn't he?3)He must be waiting outside,isn't he?4)There must be some students in the room,aren't there?对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn't；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven't或hasn't。
情态动词的完成时态考点例析
情态动词的完成时态考点例析作者：安徽程云满程明昕【考点导航】1)It _____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (09上海卷)A. mayB. canC. mustD. should2)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently. (09江苏卷)A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed【解析】1)C。
本题考查情态动词表示推测。
依据句意，“这车子肯定是汤姆停在这里的，因为只有他有车”，这里该用must have done表示对过去情况或动作的肯定推测。
2)C。
本题考查情态动词表示自责。
could have done表示过去本来有能力而没能做成，含有遗憾、自责的意味。
句意：说了自己所做的事，他并不感到后悔，不过他觉得原本可以换一种方式表达。
【重点归纳】英语里情态动词虽不是很多，却作用大，用途广，是每年高考的必考内容，特别是情态动词完成时的用法更是热门考点。
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。
考点一：表示对过去情况的推测●must have done表示对过去情况或动作的肯定推测，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定做了…”。
如：He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.他工作一定完成了，否则他现在不会在海边开心地玩。
(05北京卷)This cake is very sweet. You must have put a lot of sugar in it.蛋糕这么甜，你一定加很多糖了。
现在完成时与情态动词
教学内容一、现在完成时的构成：1. 现在完成时由助动词"have/has+动词的过去分词"构成。
若主语为三人称单数，则用"has+过去分词”；若主语为非单三，则用"have+过去分词”。
have, has在名词或代词后的缩写为"'ve"和"'s"。
如：I have=I've, she has=she's; have not 和has not的缩写形式分别是have n't, has n't。
2. 现以动词wait为例，列表说明现在完成时的构成。
二、现在完成时的用法：（1）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。
常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
Twenty people have already left.二十人已经离职。
He has not come yet.他还没有来。
They've just arrived.他们刚刚到达。
（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。
常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了三年了。
I have bee n here si nee 1976.自从1976 年我就一直在这里。
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时都表示”动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实, 不表示和现在的关系。
He has lear ned French for three years .他学法语已三年了。
He lear ned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I cou nd't find it. 谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。
情态动词变化规则
情态动词变化规则
情态动词是一类特殊的动词，用于表示说话人对某种情况或行
为的态度、推测或能力。
情态动词包括可以和实义动词一起构成谓
语的动词，例如"can"、"could"、"may"、"might"、"shall"、"should"、"will"、"would"、"must"等。
情态动词有着特殊的变化规则，主要根据时态和人称的不同进
行变化。
下面是情态动词的变化规则：
1. 一般现在时态：
- 主语为第一、二、三人称单数时，情态动词原形；
- 主语为第三人称复数时，情态动词加s。
2. 过去时态：
- 一般过去时态中，情态动词没有变化，即仍然使用原形。
3. 未来时态：
- 情态动词在未来时态中没有变化，仍然使用原形。
4. 否定形式：
- 情态动词的否定形式通常是在情态动词前加"not"。
5. 疑问形式：
- 在疑问句中，情态动词通常位于句首。
6. 被动语态：
- 构成被动语态时，情态动词后面接"be"动词的过去分词形式。
7. 完成时态：
- 情态动词没有自己的完成时态形式，但可以与"have"构成完
成时态。
需要注意的是，不同情态动词在不同语境中的用法也有所不同，具体用法需要根据具体语境进行判断。
以上是情态动词变化的基本规则，希望对您有所帮助。
情态动词和倒装
6. Only after I had known him for sometime __B_______
to appreciate his real worth.
A. do I begin
B. did I begin
C. I began
D. had I begun
倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装
7.They have all got up, and _____B____.
倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装
5. ___B________ the woman's possessions that she could
carry them in a single suitcase. A. Were so few B. So few were C. Few were so D. There were so few
4. ____D_____ considered the alternatives more carefully,
they would have realized that the second was better than the first.
A. If the committee members have B. Had the committee members been C. Though the committee members D. Had the committee members
情态动词完成时的用法（ have + done)
3. could+have done用于过去的事情，和can +have +V.ed 一样，但是更含蓄。
e.g. Where could she have gone?
初中语法之情态动词+完成时
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有些动词后既可跟动名词, 有些动词后既可跟动名词,又可跟动 词不定式,但意义不同. 词不定式,但意义不同. forget, remember + to do : 表 忘记,记得"去做某事. 示"忘记,记得"去做某事.还没 做. forget, remember + doing: 表示 忘记,记得"做过某事.已做过. "忘记,记得"做过某事.已做过.
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1. insist vt." 坚决主张,坚决要求",接宾语从句 坚决主张,坚决要求" 接宾语从句 用虚拟语气,动词形式为 动词形式为(should) do; 用虚拟语气 动词形式为 I insist that you (should) not be absentminded in class. (主张 主张) 主张 2. "坚持认为,固执己见",接宾语从句用真实语 坚持认为, 坚持认为 固执己见" 接宾语从句用真实语 坚决主张. 气;insist on(doing sth.)坚持 坚决主张. ( )坚持,坚决主张 He insisted that he was right in doing so. (坚持 坚持 认为) 认为 He insisted on his being sent to work in Beijing. ( 坚决要求) 坚决要求
35.过去几年里我们学院发 生了很大的变化.
没有被动语态的词, 表示状态或特征的及物动 词如contain, cost, fit, have, lack, suit等没 有被动形式,另外,诸如happen, occur, take place, break out 等不及物动词或短语以及诸 如result from(缘于),belong to, consist of 等只用主动语态,而不用被动语态 wash,smell,fell, cook, sound等动词. It washes well. It smells delicious.
现在完成时情态动词
现在完成时一、结构：have / has +动词过去分词haven’t / hasn’t + doneHave / Has + 主语+ done二、用法：1. 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与下列状语连用：already (多用于肯定陈述句）,yet (用于否定句或疑问句), never (多用于否定陈述句), ever (多用于疑问句，问初次经历), before (一般位于句末)。
I have never lost a library book before.Already 也可用于疑问句中，表示疑惑、出乎意料或惊讶。
John, why are you here? Have you finished your homework already?2. 表示到现在为止这一时期中多次动作的总和或所做过的工作的量的积累。
I have been to Beijing twice.Great changes have taken place in the past five years.3. have/ has gone to 与have / has been to 的区别have/ has gone to 表示“已去（某地）”人已离开，不在说话现场。
have / has been to 表示“去过（某地）”人已回来have / has been in 表示已去，并且还在那里。
4. 现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能与持续性时间搭配使用，如how long, for + 一段时间；如要表示该意思，要换成意义相近的持续性动词：1. go - be away2. come - be here3. come back - be back4. leave - be away5. lose - be lost6. get up - be up7. die - be dead 8. begin - be on9. finish - be over 10. open - be open11. close - be closed 12. become - be13. turn on - be on 14. buy - have15. borrow - keep 16. get to know - know17. sit down - sit/be seated18. join - be in(…)或be a…member三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1. 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果及对目前的影响；而一般过去时强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在没有联系。
情态动词+完成时的语法意义(四)
情态动词+完成时的语法意义（四）五、needn't have done的用法needn't have done表示过去没有必要做某事，意为“本来不必做某事”（但实际做了）。
I needn't have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。
You needn't have told her again. I have told her already.你当时没必要再告诉她了。
我已经告诉过她了。
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday. 昨天我没必要去办公室。
“need +完成时”仅限于否定句或疑问句，不用于肯定句。
又如：I was the first to get there. I needn’t have gone there so early. 我是第一个到那儿的人，我本来不必去那么早的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You needn’t have come in person. 你当时不必亲自来的。
Need you have scolded him so severely? 你有必要这样严厉地批评他吗?Need he have paid so much? 他当时真需付那么多钱吗?特别提示总之，“情态动词+完成时”表示如下意义，务必牢记于心。
1. must have done(1)表示“过去一定做过某事”（肯定推测）(2)其否定式为：can’t/couldn’t have done2. should have done(1)表示“过去本来应该做某事”（实际没做）(2)表示对过去情况的推测，意为“应该已经做了某事”(3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气（限于第一人称）3. shouldn’t have done(1)表示“过去本来不该做某事”（实际做了）(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气（限于第一人称）4. can have done(1)用于疑问句表示对过去的推测（可能性的疑问推测）(2)用于否定句表示对过去的推测（完全否定的推测）(3)没有肯定式。
情态动词用法完成时
情态动词的完成时表示对已经发生的事情的推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。
时间是过去的,动作是已经完成的。
1. must have done 表示对过去事情的推测,意思是“一定,必定”。
例如: I didn’t hear the telephone, I must have been asleep.我没有听见电话,我一定是睡着了。
2. can (could) have done 表示本来能做而未做,有时用来提出婉转的批评和表示懊悔。
意思是“本该”,“本来可以”。
cannot (couldn’t) have done 表示对过去事情的推测,意思是“不可能干出“不会做出”。
例如:1) He came here on foot, but he could have come by bus.他步行来的,但他本可以乘公共汽车来的。
2) It wasn’t a long way. We could have walked there. (We didn’t walk there)这段路不长,我们本可以步行到那儿。
3) He cannot have had supper. 他不可能吃过晚饭。
3. may(might) have done 表示对过去的事情的推测,意思是“或许已经”;也可以表示责备,意为本来可以……(而竟不成)。
例如:You might have told me the news earlier.你本来可以早点告诉我这个消息的。
4. should have done 表示应该做却没有做;shouldn’t have done 表示不该做的却做了。
可以用来表示批评和懊悔。
例如:1) You should have told me the news earlier. (You didn’t tell me earlier) 你应该早点告诉我这个消息。
2) You shouldn’t have kept the book so long. 这本书你不该借那么久。
高考透析---情态动词的完成时
• 3. 做题时想象语言所描述的情景，确定使用何种 感情，进而决定用哪个情态动词。
Must + have + done
• 一、Must + have + done表示对过去发生的 事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通 常只用于肯定句。如： • It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. • You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
作业巩固--直击高考
• 3. Just be patient. You ___ expect the world to change so soon. (2010) • A. can't B. needn't C. may not D. whether • 4. I __ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. (2012) • A. couldn't B. mustn't • C.shouldn't D.needn't
• 作业巩固--直击高考 • 1. [考点]: should表示惊讶，惋惜之意的时 • 的用法。 • 根据but一词我们可以知道应用should，表 示一种惊讶，出乎意料之意。本题语义： 你去北湖玩儿的怎么样，北湖漂亮吧？北 湖应该漂亮，但现在污染的比较厉害。因 此本题选C。
• 2. [考点]: should+have+done的用法。 • should+have+done表示过去本应发生的事却 没有发生。 • 根据句意他们本应该午饭时到，但是航班 误点了。因此本题选D。
高中英语 知识点大全84 情态动词maymight +完成时
高中英语知识点大全（84）：情态动词may/might +完成时1、manage vt. 经营；设法；对付She managed the house very well. 她把家管理得很好。
We managed to finish the work ahead of time. 我们设法提前完成了任务。
I shan’t be able to manage without help.没有人帮助，我无法办到。
[辨析] manage to do sth. /try to do sth.manage to do sth. 意为“设法完成或做到某事”，强调已达到目的或出现了结果，含“成功”之意。
try to do sth. 意为“试图或尽力做某事”，多表示一种企图或决心，而不表示一定成功。
如：we’ve managed to make up for the lost time.我们设法把失去的时间补了回来。
He tried to pass the examination,but failed. 他努力想通过考试，但没成功。
He managed to organize a live concert. = He succeeded in organizing a live concert.他设法组织了一次现场直播的音乐会。
2、livelive by it 赖……为生；以……为生（不可用于被动语态）Live by(one’s)pen 以笔耕为生live through(it) 活过，度过……而不死（不可用于被动语态）live out 活着，熬过live…life过着……生活live a hard life过着艰苦的生活live a miserable life过着悲惨的生活live a happy life 过着愉快的生活live a quiet life过着安静的生活Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA. 爱因斯坦在美国安静地度过了他的余生。
“情态动词”完成时态的用法小结
“情态动词”完成时态的用法小结-英语论文“情态动词”完成时态的用法小结付骥（重庆市开县临江中学，重庆405408）摘要：情态动词一直是高考中的重点考查的项目，常侧重借助具体的语境来考查考生对情态动词基本用法的理解和掌握。
尤其是“情态动词”完成时态在语境中的运用是历年高考中的重点和难点。
考生在这点的理解上尤为困难，在将其归纳和理解诠释如下。
关键词：情态动词；完成时态；用法中图分类号：G633文献标识码：A文章编号：1005-6351(2013)-07-0062-01 一、情态动词的完成时（Modal verbs + have done）表示对已发生事情的推测（一）may/might have done意思是“可能做了某事”，表示对已发生事情的不太肯定的推测。
I may have given your help, but he was very busy.我也许看过这部电影，但我不确定。
Might she have read about it in the newspaper?她会不会在报纸上读到过呢？（二）must have done 意思是“必定做了某事”，表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测。
He didn’t hear the phone. He must have been asleep.他没有听到电话响，他必定是睡着了。
（三）can’t/couldn’t have done意思是“必定没有做某事” 表示对过去发生事情的否定推测。
He can’t have finished the work so soon.他不可能把这项工作完成得这么快。
二、情态动词的完成时（Modal verbs + have done）表示对已发生事情有轻微的责怪、后悔、遗憾等情感动作（1）should have done/ought to have done意思是“本该做某事而事实上却没有做”，表示对已发生事情的抱怨、责怪以及不满等感情色彩。
英语情态动词完成时
6.We_C__last night, but we went to the concert instead. A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study
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7.There was plenty of time. She_D__. A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried C.mustn’t hurry D.needn’t have hurried
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20.-----__D__he turn up the radio?
-----Yes, please.
A.Will
B.Would
C.Does D.Shall
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21.----Jack fell off a ladder yesterday, but he is all right.
---You__A_her, she is still abroad. A.can’t have seen B.mustn’t have seen C.needn’t have seen D.shouldn’t have seen
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5.Kate is already two hours late. What__A__to her? A.can have happened B.may have happened C.should have happened D.must have happened
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有时含有责备或遗憾的意思. You could have done it better.
情态动词完成时的用法
情态动词完成时的用法1、语法特点：英语中的情态动词既没有人称的变化，也没有数的变化，但有时态的变化。
常见的时态主要有一般式、过去式、进行式和完成式。
其中完成时是较难的一种时态形式，其动作主要表过去的行为，它的结构是“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”，每个情态动词的完成时的含义不同。
例如：1) Last night he must have been out, for the light in his room was not on.昨晚，他一定出去了，因为他房间里没亮灯。
2) You shouldn’t have beatenhim. After all he is a child. 你不应该打他，他毕竟还是个孩子。
3) He may / might have read the book. 他或许读过那本书了。
2、用法归纳：1) must + have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。
例如：You must have mistake n my intenti on. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
2) can + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
例如：Hecan’thaveleftsosoon.他不可能走得这么早。
3) could + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”、“本来可以……”、“本来应该……”等。
例如：We could have walkedto the station , for it was so near .我们本来是可以走到车站去的，因为路很近。
4) should[ought to] + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。
23情态动词+完成时
23情态动词+完成时情态动词+完成时（1）“情态动词+have + done过去分词.”a. 表达过去事实。
b. 推测的含义，⽐如可能已经这样，或者⼀定这样了。
表猜测（但助动词should例外）。
1. He can/could have arrived. 他可能已经到了。
2. He may/might have arrived. 他可能已经到了。
3. He must have arrived. 他⼀定到了。
这三个句⼦都表⽰猜测已经完成b，都是主谓结构，省略宾语地点。
语感强到弱：must>can>could>may>might（2）should + have + done:本应该…needn’t have + done : 本不需要…1. He should have arrived . 他本应该到的。
2. They should have finished the work. 他们本应该完成⼯作的。
3. You needn’t have done so. 你本不需要那样做的。
这⾥三个句⼦都是表达对过去事实的⼀种描述a.（3）must have done : “准是已经……“. 最肯定的语⽓can’t have done ：“不可能已经……” 最否定的语⽓1. He must have arrived. 他⼀定已经到了。
2. He can’t have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。
总结：情态动词+ have + done表⽰完成时态，表猜测时，表⽰已经怎么样了就是猜测完成了，应该是现在完成时，完成的时间由第⼀⼈称来描述。
表达过去事实时，表⽰对已经完成的建议，应该是过去完成时，虽然过去完成时的标志是had+done，但是前⾯有情态动词，所以had变回原形，但是还是表⽰过去完成时，表⽰事情虽然在过去已经完成了，但是还是建议你应该怎么做。
练习1. He can (可能)have arrived. 四个情态动词都可以can/could/may/might2. He must （准是）have arrived. 语⽓⽐较强烈使⽤must3. You needn’t (本不需要) have done so.4. They should (本应该) have finished the work.5. He can’t (不可能) have arrived.。
情态动词的用法规则
情态动词的用法规则情态动词是用来表达情感、意愿、能力、推测等语气的动词，包括了can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must、ought等。
这些情态动词在句子中有很特殊的用法规则，下面将介绍一些常见的规则。
首先，情态动词在句中不能单独作为谓语动词，而是需要与实义动词一起使用，构成谓语动词短语。
例如，“I can swim.”（我会游泳）中的can和swim构成了谓语动词短语。
其次，情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化，即不管主语是单数还是复数，第一人称还是第三人称，情态动词本身都保持不变。
例如，“She can sing well.”（她能唱得很好）中的can不受主语she的影响，保持不变。
第三，情态动词后面直接接动词原形，而不加任何词尾。
这与普通动词形式有所不同。
例如，“We must go now.”（我们必须现在就走）中的must后接动词go的原形，而不是goes或者going。
此外，情态动词没有进行时态和完成时态的形式，对时间进行表达时需要借助于其他辅助动词。
例如，“H e will have finished his homework by tomorrow.”（他明天之前会完成作业）中的will和have分别表示将来时和完成时。
情态动词还有一些特定的用法，常用的有表示请求、建议、允许、推测等。
例如，“May I borrow your pen?”（我可以借用你的钢笔吗？）中的may表示请求的语气；“You should eat more vegetables.”（你应该多吃蔬菜）中的should表示建议的语气。
总之，情态动词在英语中具有丰富的用法，在掌握了上述的规则之后，我们就能更准确地使用情态动词表达自己的意愿、推测和能力等情感。
通过多加练习和实际运用，我们可以更自如地运用情态动词，使我们的英语交流更加流畅和准确。
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情态动词+完成时（modal verbs + have + past participle）情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。
1. should+have+过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，实际上是说话人在表达责备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。
We should have cut away the jungle bush.我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
shouldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。
You shouldn’t have told anyone about it.你本来不应该告诉任何人。
They shouldn’t have left so soon.他们本来不应该去得那么早。
2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该┅”，相当于“should + have + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him.你本应该帮他一把。
You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week.上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。
否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词= shouldn’t + have +过去分词eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away.你不该把他的伞拿走。
He ough tn’t to have been there.他本不应该到那去。
3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成“当时一定；想必已经；当时可能”。
What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher.对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。
表示对过去情况的否定推测时。
要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”，一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。
Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now.乔不可能离开了，刚才我还看见他了。
The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped.舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。
“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语（before 除外）反意疑问句用did.He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?他准把作业做完了。
对吗？He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he?他昨晚上肯定参加会议了，是吗？4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑问句In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique.作为报答，我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。
Might he have been caught and killed?他有可能被抓住杀掉了吗？might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有“本应该┅”，含有婉转责备的意思。
You might have listened to me while I was talking to you.我对你讲话时，你应该认真听才对。
You might have let me know before you went out.外出之前，你本应该先告诉我一声。
5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。
“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。
Can he have gone yesterday?难道他昨天就已经走了吗？They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them.他们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给他们画了一张画。
Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。
Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday.玛丽不可能去上学，今天是星期天。
在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/ might / may + 完成时。
They could/might/may have heard the news from smith.他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。
6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。
有责备的意思。
否定形式表示“做了本不应该做”的事You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today.你没有必要这么早就叫醒我，（因为）今天是星期天。
You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。
You needn' t have told him the news; he knew it already.你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。
You needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift.你没必要走着上去；你本来可以乘电梯。
didn't need to do（=I didn't have to）的“本沒有必要做也沒有做”I didn't need to go to the bank. I borrowed some money from Mary.我不必去银行--我找玛丽借了点儿钱.翻译理解以下句子：1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.2. You must have been mad to speak to an animal.3. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.4. Mary can't have taken your dictionary. She has gone home.5. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?6. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?7. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.8. —What has happened to George?—I don't know. He may have got lost.9. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.10. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.11. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.12. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.13. I ought to have gone home last Sunday.14. You ought not to have given him more help.15. I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came.巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.A. couldn’t have waitedB. needn’t have没有必要做但实际做了C. didn’t need to沒有必要做实际也沒有做D. should wait2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith ______ to a conference before then.”A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone4. ---Tom took away my cell phone without being permitted.--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should5．--- Was it Mary who made the suggestion?--- It _______ have been. I can’t remember.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _______ at the meeting .A. mustn’t have spokenB. mightn’t have spokenC. can’t have spokenD. shouldn’t have spoken9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .A. must dialB. must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ atleast 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have done11. He is not poor. You ____ have lent him the money.A. can’tB. needn’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’ｔ12. There was plenty of time. You ___ have hurried.A. won’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. couldn’ｔ13. I ____ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him forsome time.A. shouldn’t have comeB. must have comeC. needn’t have comeD. could have come14. They ____ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.A. mustB. couldC. shouldD. might15. He was sent to hospital. Something _______ to him.A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happenedD. must have happened16. I didn’t hear the phone. I ________ asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been17. --- I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didn’t recognize the voice.--- On, it _________ my brother, Peter.A. must beB. must have beenC. can have beenD. might beKeys for reference：1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB11---15 BCDBD 16---3 BB教学反思传统的英语教学中，教师特别重视学生课堂上英语知识的消化，讲究知识点的掌握程度，教学中重视课内知识的封闭传授而轻视课内外方法的开放学习，这种传统的灌输式使学生缺乏灵活性和创造性。