2021上海市高考英语阅读理解、书面表达三月自练(8)答案

2021上海市高考英语阅读理解、书面表达三月自练（8）答案
阅读理解
【2021·潍坊5月模拟】
When you tidy your messy bedroom，it gets a lot easier to find things.Dreams may work the same way for a messy brain，helping you learn by organizing memories and ideas.
To test how much dreams can help learning，Robert Stickgold had some students play a shape-fitting game called Tetris (俄罗斯方块) for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they were dreaming of falling Tetris
shapes.Interestingly，the worst Tetris players had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game the most.Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.
As we dream，many important tasks are getting done.The brain decides what to keep and what to forget.It is connecting new experiences to older learning.In fact，the brain is learning all night long.
Another important task of dreams may be to help us deal with emotions (心情)．At night，emotions are in the driver’s seat.People who have had an upsetting experience often dream about it afterward.Often the dream event changes somehow—another way the brain tries to make the memory less upset.So if your best friend moves away，you might dream that you’re the one who’s moving.In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood，and people who dream about what’s bothering them usually feel better sooner than those who don’t.
Everybody dreams for a couple of hours every night—in the course of your life，you’ll spend about 25 years asleep and 6 years dreaming.There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doe sn’t have to be.One dream might help you remember your math facts，while another might lead to a new invention，or give you a fun，crazy story to tell your friends.It’s all in a night’s work for our busy，mysterious brains.
1．Robert Stickgold’s test shows that________.
A．games are useful for memory
B．dreams can help improve skills
C．players stop learning in dreams
D．tasks can only be settled through dreams
2．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that________.
A．dreams can get rid of sufferings
B．only drivers can deal with emotions
C．one may be less upset after a dream
D．dreams can copy what one experienced
3．Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A．Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.
B．Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.
C．It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.
D．It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.
4．What does the text focus on?
A．Dreams and memories.B．Dreams and emotions.
C．The benefits of dreams.D．The patterns of dreams.
5．In which part of a magazine can this text be found?
A．Entertainment.B．Tourism.
C．Science.D．Advertisement.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

文章说明白梦的好处，即可以改善学习和心情。

1．解析：推理推断题。

依据其次段可知，为了证明梦对学习有挂念，Robert Stickgold做了这次试验，而试验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，依据本段最终一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有挂念的，故选B。

答案： B
2．解析：细节理解题。

依据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams...emotions (心情)．”和最终一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood...”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。

答案： C
3．解析：细节理解题。

依据最终一段其次句“There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。

答案： D
4．解析：主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要说明白梦的好处：有助于改善学习和心情。

答案： C
5．解析：推理推断题。

依据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学争辩方面的学问，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。

答案：C。

阅读理解
President Coolidge's statement,“The business of America is business,”still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than
other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的) idea of inherited privilege(待遇).
16. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “ _______”.
A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
B. Business problems are of great importance to the American government
C. Business is of primary concern to Americans
D. America is a great power in world business
17. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _______.
A. when given equality of opportunity C. by protecting their individual freedom
B. through doing business D. by way of competition
18. Who can benefit from business competition?
A. Honest businessmen.
B. Both businessmen and their customers.
C. People with ideas of equality and freedom.
D. Both business institutions and government. 19. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by________.
A. its absolute control of power
B. its function in preserving personal freedom
C. its role in protecting basic American values
D. its democratic way of exercising leadership
20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ________.
A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
【参考答案】16—20、CDBAB
【2021广东省广州市调研测试】
基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)
明天的英语课轮到你进行课前英语小演讲。

请依据以下信息，以“健康早餐”为主题写一份演讲稿。

［写作内容］
谷类：graun；碳水化合物：carbohydrates；蛋白质：protein；消化：digestion
［写作要求］
1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

2.演讲的首句已给出，不计入句子数量的总数。

［评分标准］
句子结构精确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

【参考范文】基础写作：
（说明：由于我们工作的疏漏，试题中本题所给的参考词汇有一处拼写错误，“谷类”应是grain。

考生假如写成了graun，在本次评卷中不扣分。

）
I’m very much honored to give you a speech on healthy breakfast. Some students in our class often go to school without breakfast while others do have breakfast but not a well-balanced one. Consequently, their health and study efficiency are negatively affected. A healthy and well-balanced breakfast should consist of whole grains, eggs and milk, fruits and vegetables. The grain which contains carbohydrates can provide the energy we need every day. Eggs and milk supply protein and fruits and vegetables are good for healthy digestion. Therefore, I strongly suggest that we should get up early and have a well-balanced breakfast before going to school.
【基础写作评分说明：】
基础写作主要考查同学的语言结构的应用力气，能够应用正确、规范的语言表达特定的内容。

本试题要求同学依据所供应的信息，使用五个句子表达[写作内容]中所供应的全部内容。

命题思想是要求考生在表达这些内容时能够：
·关注写作对象（读者），正确使用英语演讲的写作手法。

·正确使用连接手段、分词、介词短语等来整合信息。

·正确使用复合句，如定语从句：The grain which contains carbohydrates can provide the energy we need every day. 宾语从句：I strongly suggest that … 等。

·正确使用表示缘由、结果、目的等的表达方式等。

在评分时，应留意以下几个方面：
1．依据评分标准，实行分析法评分：按语言、内容和连贯三项标准分别给分；
2．在语言方面，重点评判句子的语法结构是否正确、用词是否规范；同学是否使用了合适的句型结构。

3．在内容方面，重点评判同学是否表达全部规定的内容；假犹如学在表达完整的内容时，适当添加一些内容，不扣分；
4．在连贯方面，重点评判五个句子是否构成一篇连贯的短文，规律是否合理。

（具体内容见评分标准）
基础写作【评分标准】
[评分说明] 基础写作的评分建议接受分析法，即依据语言、内容和连贯三项指标分别给分，最终累计作为该题的总得分。