【英语】中考英语试卷分类汇编英语英语阅读理解汇编(及答案)及解析

【英语】中考英语试卷分类汇编英语英语阅读理解汇编(及答案)及
解析
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1．阅读理解
Parents of very young children know this: You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookie—the evidence（证据）of candy written on his or her face. However, you get a wide-eyed denial "I didn't do it!"
Learning to tell the truth, even at the risk of punishment, is an important part of moral （道德）development, and new research suggests it can take seven or more years for kids to get there.
Early 2017 Professor Craig E. Smith published a study. He and his workmates chose 48 children between four and nine years of age. They told the kids a story about a boy or girl doing something wrong, such as taking a classmate's toy or candy, and then either lying about the wrong doing to a parent or confessing （承认） it. In each case, they asked the children, "How would the child feel? How would the mother feel?"
The children's answers were generally divided according to age, which is in agreement with the stolen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the study would be angry with the child who confessed. However, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more possible （可能的） to think the child would feel better confessing the crime and that the parent would have positive （积极的） feelings towards a confessor. Smith says, "kids of all ages who expect that a parent would feel happy about a child's confession are more likely to tell the truth rather than lie. Reward the honesty even if you feel you must punish the wrong action." He adds, what parents can learn from these studies is to listen calmly without getting angry right away when their child confesses.
（1）What does the underlined word "denial" in Paragraph I mean?
A. 委屈
B. 责备
C. 否认
D. 拒绝（2）Paragraph 2 mainly tell us .
A. kids can't tell "right" from "wrong"
B. it takes time for kids to learn to tell the truth
C. it's wrong to punish kids for telling the truth
D. all the kids are willing to confess to a bad act
（3）What did Professor Smith and his workmates find in their study?
A. Older kids are more possible than younger children to confess to a bad act.
B. Younger children are more possible than older kids to confess to a bad act.
C. The four-to-five-year-olds would feel better confessing the crime
D. The seven-to-nine-year-olds thought parents would be angry with their confessions.
（4）According to Professor Smith, what can parents learn from these studies?
A. Parents should at once punish the children who lied.
B. Parents should tell children the wrongness of lying.
C. Parents should never get angry after their children's confessions.
D. Parents should show positive feeling about their children's confessions.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了孩子做错事该诚实还是说谎，最后给了父母几点建议。

（1）推断题。

根据后文提到 I didn't do it 可知，划横线单词的意思为否定，故选C。

（2）主旨题。

根据第二段的意义可知，诚实对孩子而言需要花费时间养成，故选B。

（3）推断题。

根据文章提到的However, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more possible to think the child would feel better confessing the crime and that the parent would have positive feelings towards a confessor 可知，大一点的孩子会选择承认自己的错误，故选A。

（4）细节题。

根据文章提到的 He adds, what parents can learn from these studies is to listen calmly without getting angry right away when their child confesses 可知，父母不该惩罚诚实的孩子，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解
Abdul Sadiq, an Afghanistan's only professional cyclist, began by training his daughter. And when she competed successfully abroad, he set up the team. It is the world's most unlikely sporting team, because the sport breaks taboos in a country where in many traditional communities, women are not allowed out of the house.
The head coach faces frequent threats and the girls' families do not always approve "If it's not their fathers trying to stop them, it's a brother or uncle."
Two members of the team, Massouma, 18, and Zarab, 17, are sisters. Their father and their brothers approve, but they know that their uncles complain to their father. "They will never come in front of us to say ‘Why are you cycling?', but they say bad words to our father," she said. His team have, however, competed and won regionally against Bangladesh and Pakistan.
"We want to go cycling because we want to be heroes one day," said 16-year-old Jella, one of the latest riders. In one of the mildest and driest winters for many years, training has gone on without stopping. And next spring, the girls will go up into the mountains. "We say that women should not sit at home, they need to come out and do sports," said Abdul Sadiq, And 18- year-old Zainab said she wished that she could just go cycling alone on the street one day. "It's my ambition, and I hope that one day girls will be allowed to go cycling on the streets, not having a coach, or anyone with them, and they will not have problems," she said.
（1）What does Abdul Sadiq do?
A. A teacher.
B. A cyclist.
C. A reporter.
D. A driver.（2）What does the underlined word "taboos" mean in Chinese?
A. 禁忌
B. 警告
C. 符号
D. 风俗
（3）From the third paragraph, we can know
A. Massouma and Zarab's parents approve of their joining the team
B. Massouma and Zarab's uncles are against their cycling
C. Massouma and Zarab don't want to join the team
D. Massouma and Zarab are both very old
（4）What was Zainab's dream?
A. Her mother approving her cycling.
B. Going cycling alone on the street.
C. Joining the team.
D. Winning against Bangladesh and Pakistan.
（5）Where may you see the passage?
A. In a storybook.
B. In a fashion magazine.
C. In a travel guide book.
D. In a sports newspaper.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】主要讲了阿卜杜勒·萨迪克是阿富汗唯一的职业自行车手，他从训练女儿开始。

当她在国外比赛成功时，他组建了这个队。

这是世界上最不可能的运动队，因为这项运动打破了许多传统社区禁止妇女出门的禁忌。

（1）细节题。

根据Abdul Sadiq, an Afghanistan's only professional cyclist可知阿卜杜勒·萨迪克是阿富汗唯一的职业自行车手，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据where in many traditional communities, women are not allowed out of the house.可知许多传统社区禁止妇女出门，所以是打破了禁忌，故选A。

（3）细节题。

根据Two members of the team, Massouma, 18, and Zarab, 17, are sisters. Their father and their brothers approve, but they know that their uncles complain to their father.可知Massouma和Zarab的叔叔反对他们骑自行车，故选B。

（4）细节题。

根据And 18- year-old Zainab said she wished that she could just go cycling alone on the street one day.可知Zainab希望一天独自在街上骑自行车，故选B。

（5）细节题。

根据全文可知与骑自行车有关，所以在体育报纸上看到，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

3．阅读理解
SeaWorld
SeaWorld celebrates 50 years with a Sea of Surprises. Step under the waves at SeaWorld San Diego Zoo
Take a walk on the wild side at the San Diego Zoo with one of the most kinds of wild animals in the world. The San Diego Zoo covers 100 acres
San Diego's all-new Explorers' Reef. Go
"hand-in" to touch a shark, a crab, or
thousands of tiny cleaner fish that will bite
playfully at your fingers. And you can enjoy an
all-new Shamu's Celebration: Light Up The
Night show.
TOUR: A14
ADULT:＄111
CHILD（3-10）＄105
and brings 4, 000 animals, representing 800
kinds; together in one place. The Zoo has some
of the most beautiful and rare creatures in the
world and offers you a great chance to visit wild
animals.
TOUR: A13
ADULT: $90
CHILD （3-11）: $ 72
Legoland California
Offering a full day of wonderful adventures,
Legoland gives fun, imagination, and
entertainment to today's youngsters and their
families. At Legoland California everyone in
the family becomes a hero on more than 50
super rides, shows and attractions.
TOUR: A16
ADULT: $109
CHILD（2-12） $104
Universal Studios Hollywood
Go behind the scenes on the world famous
Studio Tour to explore where Hollywood movies
are made. Then, face exciting rides, shows and
attractions that put you inside some of the
world's biggest movies.
TOUR: A6
ADULT: $ 138
CHILD （3-12） : $ 96
A. A6
B. A13
C. A14
D. A16
（2）It can be known from the passages that _________________________.
A. visitors can step under the waves and enjoy 50 shows and attractions at SeaWorld
B. the San Diego Zoo covers 100 acres with one of the most kinds of wild animals in the world
C. youngsters and their families can enjoy a half day of wonderful adventures in Legoland
D. you will be put inside all of the world's biggest movies in Universal Studios Hollywood
（3）The four passages above probably come from ___________________.
A. a sports report
B. a story book
C. a science magazine
D. an advertisement poster
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：这是四则广告。

介绍了海洋世界、圣地亚哥动物园、乐高兰加州和好莱坞环境影城。

它们是几A级的旅游点，门票的价格。

（1）细节理解题。

根据汤姆11岁，只有11岁，他喜欢骑马，只有100美元，根据Then, face exciting rides, shows and attractions that put you inside some of the world's biggest movies.可知他会选择6A级旅游。

故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据T ake a walk on the wild side at the San Diego Zoo with one of the most kinds of wild animals in the world. The San Diego Zoo covers 100 acres and brings 4, 000 animals, representing 800 kinds; together in one place.可知选项B的叙述是正确的。

故选B。

（3）文章出处题。

根据这是四篇广告。

可知这四篇短文可能是来自一个广告海报。

故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。

带着问题阅读广告的内容，从广告的细节中找出细节理解题的答案。

对于文章出处题，要根据文章的内容确定。

4．阅读材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Your English teacher has introduced a play to your class. Read the play.
Characters: Benny, student, 14 years old
Peter, students, 15 years old
Susie, student, 14 years old
Grace, student, 14 years old
Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn
Place: Sunny Park
（The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up.）
Benny: Wow! That was a great picnic. I'm so full that I can hardly move.
Grace: That's no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Come over here and help me pack up the leftover food. Peter, can you put out the fire, please? And clean up the plate.
Peter: （Speaking unhappily to himself） How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobs?
It's not fair.
（Peter throws a bit of water on the fire. Then he picks up the ashes （灰烬） with an old newspaper and wants to throw them into the long grass.）
Susie: （Sounding surprised）What are you doing, Peter? That's d…
Peter: Whoops…the newspaper has caugh t fire.
Susie: And the grass… Benny, Grace, help! Help!
（Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely.）
Peter: Oh, no. What have I done?
Grace: You know that we should do everything carefully, don't you?
Peter: （With his head in his hands） Yes. What have I done? What have I done?
（1）How does Peter feel about his job?
A. Clean an easy
B. Dirty and difficult
C. Great and interesting
D. Noisy and harmful （2）What word do you think Susie would say in the sentence "That's d…"?
A. dirty
B. difficult
C. delicious
D. dangerous
（3）Which of the following sentences is true?
A. There are five people in the play.
B. Peter's carelessness causes the fire.
C. They have a picnic in the morning.
D. Benny refuses to help others tidy up.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文以角色对话的形式展示了文章的内容。

主要是关于四个学生野餐后，需要清理场地。

而由于Peter的粗心意外地引起了一场小火灾。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中Peter的第一句话How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobs?我怎么能总是得到肮脏和困难的工作？可知，Peter认为自己的工作又脏又难（dirty and difficult）。

故选B。

（2）推理判断题。

由下文中Peter说得"Whooops...the newspaper has caught fire"，由于Peter把报纸仍在了灰烬堆里，着火了。

这是一件危险的事情。

可以推知Susie说那样做是危险的。

A：dirty脏的；B：difficult 困难的；C：delicious可口的；D：dangerous危险的。

故选D。

（3）正误判断题。

由文中Characters: Benny, student, 14 years old； Peter, students, 15 years old； Susie, student, 14 years old； Grace, student, 14 years old.可知选项A，不符合文章内容，故排除A；Peter: Whoops…the new spaper has caught fire.和由文中"Susie: And the grass.. Benny, Grace, help! Help!（Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely）"可知由于彼得的粗心引起火灾，故选项B符合文章内容，故选B；Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn；Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn； Place: Sunny Park；（The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up.）可知选项C不符合文章内容，故排除C； That's no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Come over here and help me pack up the leftover food. 可知选项D不符合文章大意，故排除D。

综上所述，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

5．阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Mark Zuckerberg, who starts the social network Facebook, often wears jeans and a T-shirt to work, including to important business meetings. Not everyone agrees with him. Some people say he doesn't look serious this way.
Harvard Business School researcher, Francesca Gino, has a different idea. While most people seem to think that dressing differently from those around you generally has a bad influence, she believes it can actually have a positive （积极的）effect. And she's done experiments to support her idea. When her researchers, wearing sportswear, visited the expensive shops in Italy, they were usually viewed as wealthier and more important people than those who were well-dressed in designer clothes.
Do people always view less formal （正式的） clothing more positively? Researchers in France took their research out into the street, to the general public. The video they made shows an actor dressed in a well-cut suit and shiny shoes. While walking along the road, he begins to cough badly,
stops to catch his breath and falls down. Before he even calls for help, people rush to help him. In another video, the actor appears at the same crowded place and repeats the actions in exactly the same way. But this time, no one comes to help. What's the difference? He's wearing untidy clothes and looks like a homeless person. In a situation like this, the clothes you're wearing could mean the difference between life and death.
It seems that our clothing doesn't only change the way others view us, but also the way we see ourselves. In an experiment testing students' ability to pay attention to details （细节）, the group wearing white lab coats did the best. Why? Researchers told them that they were wearing the doctors' coats. The experiment didn't show whether such influences would last long. More experiments are needed in the future before we decide to make the doctors' coats a must of fashion.
（1）Mark Zuckerberg is not considered serious by some people because ________.
A. he does not listen to others' advice
B. he sets up a network of video games
C. he wears jeans and a T-shirt to work
D. he often plays jokes at business meetings
（2）Which of the following is Gino's opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A. It is necessary to buy expensive clothes.
B. Wearing less formal clothes is in fact good.
C. It is bad to dress differently from people around you.
D. Wearing sports clothes makes you look less important.
（3）In Paragraph 3, the writer proves （证明） his （her） opinion mainly.
A. by giving reasons
B. by using pictures
C. by comparing facts
D. by listing numbers
（4）What can we learn from the passage?
A. What we wear makes a difference.
B. Formal clothing makes a wise man.
C. Our value depends on what we wear.
D. Our clothing influences our characters.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了衣着对人们的影响。

我们的衣着不仅改变了别人对我们的看法，而且也改变了我们对自己的看法。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句Mark Zuckerberg, who starts the social network Facebook, often wears jeans and a T-shirt to work, including to important business meetings. Not everyone agrees with him. Some people say he doesn't look serious this way.理解可知，Mark穿着牛仔裤与T恤衫参加正式会议，有些人认为他不严肃，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句When her researchers, wearing sportswear, visited the expensive shops in Italy, they were usually viewed as wealthier and more important people than those who were well-dressed in designer clothes.理解可知，穿着非正式服装其实挺好的，故
选B。

（3）理解归纳题。

通读第三段我们可以看出，作者通过两个实例来证明人们不一定总是积极地看待不太正式的服装，人们有时还是以“貌”取人，故选C。

（4）理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，人们的穿着可以对自己或他人产生很大的影响，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

6．阅读下面的材料.从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food, taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger you are. The longer sleep you need. But regardless of（不管）age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.
The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough.
According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure（血压）.
Why are so many people sleep-deprived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as "lazy". Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they don't have much time to sleep. They only sleep four or five hours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work you'll do.
How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas. an expert（专家） in sleep. He says," Sleep is like a credit （信用卡）card. When you sleep less. You are only borrowing time. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you don't sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to "pay back" the hours on your 'sleep credit card.'"
For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. "Don't think you will be doing less work because you sleep during the night. That is a foolish （愚蠢的） idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more."（1）According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to . A. eat healthy food every day B. take exercise as much as possible
C. get medical help whenever necessary
D. sleep eight hours or more every night
（2）What does "sleep-deprived" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Having a good sleep.
B. Excited about sleep.
C. Having less sleep.
D. Interested in sleep.
（3）According to Dr. James Maas. What is sleep like?
A. An hour.
B. A report.
C. A credit card.
D. A piece of paper.（4）What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.
B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.
C. People have no courage.
D. People always do less work.
（5）What is the best title of the passage'?
A. The Value of Sleep
B. The Value of Study
C. The Ways of Eating Less
D. The Ways of Making Money
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：世界上越来越多的人睡眠不足。

睡眠不足不仅使人感到疲劳，而且还会造成事故，也可能导致医疗问题，这必须引起人们的重视。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. 理解可知，改善健康的最简单和最便宜的方法就是睡眠时间每晚至少8个小时。

故选D。

（2）词义推断题。

根据文中的语句 According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived.理解可知，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。

sleep-deprived表示睡眠不足，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文中的语句 Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas. an expert（专家） in sleep. He says," Sleep is like a credit （信用卡） card. 可知，睡眠就像信用卡，故选C。

（4）理解归纳题。

通读第五段内容可知，此段主要说明了睡眠的重要性，故选B。

（5）理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠的价值，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

7．阅读理解
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics（特征） that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it.
Give your robot sensors （传感器）: light sensors（eyes ）, touch sensors （hands）, chemical sensors（nose）, hearing sensors（ears） and taste sensors （tongue）. Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines（发动机）. A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight,
some might with electricity, while others with the battery（电池）. The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
（1）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 is about ____.
A. the toy
B. the characteristic
C. the machine
D. the engine （2）The chemical sensors may help a robot to ____.
A. See
B. catch
C. hear
D. smell
（3）In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
（4）The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph is ____.
A. 能源
B. 勤奋
C. 智能
D. 外观（5）What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
（5）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：机器人及智慧机器人的外貌及工作原理。

（1）理解推断题。

A 玩具，B 人物，C 机器，D 引擎；根据文中的语句It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.
它还将帮助你决定在机器上安装什么，然后才能被认为是机器人，可知在最终安装零件之前，机器还只是单纯的机器，而不是机器人，因此it指代的是machine，机器，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。

A 看（眼睛），B 抓（手），C 听（耳朵），D 闻（鼻子），根据文中的语句chemical sensors（nose），可知chemical sensors相当于鼻子，即机器人的嗅觉，smell，故选D。

（3）理解归纳题。

根据文中的语句 Some robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery（电池）. 理解可知，一个机器人能以三种方式为自己提供动力。

故选B。

（4）词义推断题。

根据文中的语句 A robot needs some kind of "smarts". 机器人需要某种智慧，intelligence的含义就是智力，故选C。

（5）理解归纳题。

通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了什么是机器人以及机器人的特征，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文考查细节题，词义推断题，推理判断题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题，词义推断题以及判断题都需要通
读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

8．阅读理解
In about 1503, during Christopher Columbus's fourth and final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.
At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as the months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus's group was soon in serious trouble.
Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse（月食）and how long it would last.
Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the Moon to punish them. At the moment Columbus finished talking, just as he had planned, the Moon began disappearing.
The local leaders grew frightened and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus's god had to return the Moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the Moon would stay completely hidden for about 48 minutes, Columbus returned just before the Moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.
（1）At first, the local people helped Columbus and his men by .
A. giving them food and clothes
B. building a house for them
C. repairing their ship
D. providing them with a book
（2）The local people became angry because the Europeans .
A. looked very different
B. had nothing to trade
C. were cheats and thieves
D. wanted to take their land
（3）Where did Columbus learn about the lunar eclipse？
A. From a book.
B. From the Moon.
C. From his group.
D. From the locals.（4）What can we learn about the Europeans from the passage？
A. They all believed in God.
B. They never returned to Spain.
C. They admired the local people.
D. They caused their own problems.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：大约在1503年，克里斯托弗·哥伦布第四次也是最后一次到美国旅行时，他的船在一场风暴中严重受损。

哥伦布和他的部下在一个小岛上住了几个月。

一开始岛上的人对他们很友好，但是后来他们偷盗当地人的东西，当地人就停止了所有的供应，哥伦布了解天文，他计算出了月食的时间，说是上帝对当地人不给他们提供帮助的惩罚，于是当地人就开给他们提供帮助了。

（1）细节理解题，根据At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive.可知一开始的时候，当地人给他们吃的穿的，给他们提供帮助，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据However, as the months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them.壳可知欧洲人对他们欺骗，偷盗所以他们生气了，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据 The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse（月食）and how long it would last.可知，哥伦布是从书上知道的月食发生的时间，故答案是A。

（4）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，欧洲人遇到的问题是他们自作自受，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。

细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

9．阅读理解
When he was nine years old, an American boy called Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws （吸管）do Americans use every day?
He quickly learned there wasn't a simple answer. The boy tried to find it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of cutting down plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.
Cress started the project in his hometown Burlington. Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.
For the year that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban plastic straws.
After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.
"Focusing on straws is one simple step we all could take," Cress says. "And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too."
（1）Cress found out that Americans use straws every day.
A. about 50 million
B. about 500 million
C. about 10 million
（2）Cress founded the Be Straw Free project in order to .
A. save money
B. become popular
C. cut down plastic waste
（3）Which American city first completely banned plastic straws？
A. Burlington.
B. New York.
C. Seattle.
（4）What does the sentence "Cress took his findings on the road" mean？
A. Cress took a walk on the road.
B. Cress spread his project around the world.
C. Cress was doing his research all the time.
（5）According to the last paragraph, Cress thinks .
A. he could be famous
B. he has made much money through his project
C. he could also do something meaningful although he is a child
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】主要讲了九岁的美国男孩Milo Cress调查每天美国人使用多少塑料吸管，并且为了减少塑料浪费，他开始了一个项目。

（1）细节理解题。

根据Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day可知克雷斯波发现美国人每天使用大约5亿根吸管，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据 In hopes of cutting down plastic waste，he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011为了减少塑料垃圾，他在2011年创建了无稻草项目，可知为了减少塑料垃圾，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据 Last April， Seattle became the first American city to completely ban plastic straws去年四月，西雅图成为第一个完全禁止塑料吸管的美国城市，可知西雅图成为第一个完全禁止塑料吸管的美国城市，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。

根据He has spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws他已经和世界各地成千上万的学生交谈过，他想鼓励更多的人对塑料吸管说不，可知此处是指克雷斯波把他的项目传遍了全世界，故选B。

（5）细节理解题。

根据Focusing on straws is one simple step we all could take，"Cress says. "And it makes me feel that I， as a kid， could make a difference， too.关注吸管是我们都可以。