小学英语一般疑问句讲义
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小五英语个性化辅导
第二讲一般疑问句
【知识点:】一般疑问句概述用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。其
基本结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他) 。一般疑问句还有下列特点:
1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头;
Eg::Is your father a teacher
Does Catherine like animals
Can Jenny speak French
2、往往读升调;
3、译成汉语,都可以带上“吗”,例如上面三句可分别译为:你父亲是老师吗凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗詹妮会说法语吗
【重点】
一、将陈述句变成一般疑问句
要将陈述句变成一般疑问句,可以遵循下列步骤:
1.看句中有没有be动词(am、is、 are、 was、 were)、助动词(do、does、did、
have、 had)或情态动词(can、must、will、may等),如果有,将其提到句首,句末打上问号可。
eg:It was rainy yesterday.
→Was it rainy yesterday
Tom's father can play the piano.
→Can Tom's father play the piano
I have finished my homework.
→Have you finished your homework
2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词,则根据谓语动词的形式借助do
的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是:如果谓语动词是原形,则借do;如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,则借does;如果谓语动词是过去式,则借did. 需要注意的是,借does或did后,原句的谓语动词要变回原形。
例:They go to school by bike.
→Do they go to school by bike
Bill gets up at 6:30 every day.
→Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day
The students saw a film yesterday.
→Did the students see a film yesterday
二、一般疑问句的回答
一般疑问句往往采用简短回答,共由三部分(三个单词)组成,对这三部分(三个单词)的确定可以概括例下:
(有时根据语气的不同,Yes可由Sure, Certainly, 1.第一个词:不是Yes就是No。
Of
course,no 可用never,not at all等代替)
eg: (1)—Can you help me你能帮个忙吗
—Certainly.当然。
(2)—Have you been there 你到过那里吗
—Never.从来没有。
2.第二个词:问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致(但必须用主格代词)。
eg:Does she clean her room every day Yes, she does.
Is Anna′s father a doctor No,he isn′t.
如果主语是 this that,回答时用 it 代替,如果问句中主语these, those,回答时用
they
代替。
3.第三个词:用什么问,用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。
Can Jim play soccer Yes, he can.
Does Mr Bean speak English Yes, he does.
需要注意问题:用 may 引导的问句,肯定回答用may,否定回答用 can′t 或mustn′t,用 must 引导的问句,肯定回答用 must,否定回答用needn′t. eg:May I go to the park now Yes, you may. /No, you mustn′t.
Must I wash my clothes now Yes, you must. /No, you needn′t.
4.用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上 not。因为回答必须是三部分,所以否定回答必须缩写,而肯定回答不能缩写。
eg:Did Thomas come here yesterday Yes, he did./ No ,he didn′t.
Is Lin Lin in Class 3 Yes, she is. / No, she isn′t.或(No, she′s
not).
【难点】
一、陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项
陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外,还应注意下列几点:
1.如果陈述句中有第一人称,则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。
eg:I usually have lunch at school.
→Do you usually have lunch at school
My father is playing soccer.
→Is your father playing soccer
2.如果陈述句中有some, 则变问句时往往要变成any 。
Eg: There is some water on the playground.
→Is there any water on the playground
3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句,从句不变。
eg:I know he comes from Canada.
→Do you know he comes from Canada
4.如果句中含有实义动词have且表示“有”时,除借do外,也可将其直接提到句首。
Eg:I have some friends in America.
→Have you any friends in America/Do you have any friends in America 二、一般疑问句的否定式
(1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动 +not,+/助动词/情态动词主语词Do you not/Don't you believe me 你不相信我
Is it not / Isn't it a lovely day 天气难道不好吗
Are you not / Aren't you coming你不来吗
Will you not /Won't you sit down 你不坐会儿吗
Is he not / Isn't he a doctor 他不是医生吗
Does Helen not /Doesn't Helen like chocolate 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗
Will he not /Won't he go with you 他不和你一块儿去吗
(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些。
1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如:
Haven't you read the newspaper
你没读过这份报纸呀
Won't he come他不来了
2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:
Shouldn't we start now 我们现在是不是该动身了
Wasn't it an interesting film 那部电影是不是很有趣
3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如:
Wouldn't you like to go with me 你不想和我一块儿去吗
Won't you have a cup of coffee 你不喝杯咖啡吗
(3)否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”,no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如:
—Are you not Mr Smith 你不是史密斯先生吗
—Yes,I am.不,我是。/ —No,I am not .是的,我不是。
你从前没有读过这本书吗—Haven't you read this book before —Yes,I have.不,我读过。/—No,I haven't.是的,我没有。
—Don't you play chess你不下棋吗
—Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。/—No,I don't.是的,我不下棋。
教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no。
A: Don't you come from England
B: come from America.