Education in USA
Education in USA
How can education attainment (education level reflected by school education) effect employment? Is there any relationship between education attainment and one’s chance of getting employed?
Funding
◦ American basic education is largely subsidized by state and local property taxes, and to a lesser extent by the federal government.
The major inequities: wealthy districts have ample funding for excellent schools while rural and poor school districts have fewer funds for salaries, textbooks, equipment, and school facilities.
The states, and, to a lesser extent, local school districts (校区), are responsible for the education of the children in their jurisdiction (管辖权). There is no national school system nor are there national framework laws that prescribe curricula or control most other aspects of education.
美国教育英文简单介绍 ppt课件
Academy （陆军学校）at West Point, New
York; the United States Naval Academy
（海军学校）in Annapolis, Maryland; and
the United States Air Force Academy （空
军军官学校）in Colorado Springs,
❖ In these schools, religious instruction is part of the curriculum
❖ Today, about 12% of all American children go to private schools for their elementary and secondary education.
It comprises four categories of institutions:
❖ The university ❖ The four-year undergraduate
institution—the college ❖ The technical training institution ❖ The two-year, or community college
❖ Secondly, they are free from religious influence.
❖ Public schools educate about 88% of
all American children.
15
Private Schools
❖ Most private schools are related to religious groups.
❖ In most areas, free public school education begins with kindergarten classes for 5 years old.
美国教育介绍_完整英文版
美国教育介绍_完整英文版The Education System in the United StatesElementary education in the United States typically begins with kindergarten, which is the first year of formal schooling. Kindergarten is a half-day program that focuses on developing basic academic skills, such as reading, writing, and math, aswell as social and emotional skills. After kindergarten,students progress through five more years of elementary school, covering grades one through five. Elementary school curriculumis designed to provide a well-rounded education, including subjects such as English, math, science, and social studies, as well as physical education and the arts.The U.S. education system is known for its emphasis on individualism and creativity. Students are encouraged to think critically, solve problems, and express their ideas and opinions. The system also promotes diversity and inclusivity, with efforts to provide equal access to education for students of all backgrounds.However, it is important to note that the U.S. education system also faces challenges and disparities. There aresignificant gaps in academic achievement between different demographic groups, and funding for schools varies widely across different states and districts. Efforts are being made toaddress these issues and improve the overall quality of education in the United States.。
美国教育英文简单介绍参考PPT
--- Chinese Proverb
The goal of education is to achieve
universal literacy and to provide
individuals with educational
opportunities.
2
II. Education –a local matter
Grade
Preschool
Age
Kindergarten
5-6
Elementary School
1st GradeGrade 5th Grade
6th Grade
Middle School
7-8 8-9
9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12
6
❖ In some school system, the 12 grades are divided into two stages, the first 6 grades for elementary school and the next 6 grades for secondary school.
3
III. Expenditure of Education
❖ Educational funds are from several sources.
❖ Funds for elementary and secondary schools come from 3 sources:
1. about 50% from local property taxes,
❖ Most schools offer foreign languages. Spanish is the most popular foreign language for Americans .
美国教育孩子英语作文
美国教育孩子英语作文{z}Title: Education in the United States: Teaching English Proficiency Introduction:The education system in the United States emphasizes the development of strong English language skills among students.English proficiency is crucial for academic success, career opportunities, and effective communication.This document explores the various methods and approaches used in the United States to teach English to children.1.Early Exposure:In the United States, children are exposed to English language instruction from a young age.Many preschools and kindergarten programs focus on building a strong foundation in language skills.This includes learning basic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.2.Elementary Education:As children progress to elementary school, English language arts (ELA) becomes a core subject.Teachers use a variety of techniques to enhance English proficiency, including reading aloud, vocabulary development, and writing exercises.Additionally, children are encouraged to speak English confidently and participate in class discussions.3.Middle and High School:In middle and high school, English classes become more advanced.Students study literature, grammar, and writing skills.They arealso exposed to different text types and genres, which helps them develop critical thinking and analytical skills.English as a Second Language (ESL) programs are available for students who need additional support.nguage Learning Strategies:Teachers in the United States employ various language learning strategies to enhance English proficiency.These include:- Integrated Learning: Combining English language instruction with other subjects, such as science or social studies, to provide context and real-life applications.- Collaborative Learning: Encouraging students to work together in pairs or groups, promoting communication and language exchange.- Technology Integration: Utilizing digital tools and resources, such as online platforms and educational apps, to support language learning.5.Assessment and Evaluation:To measure progress and ensure students meet standards, assessments are conducted throughout their educational journey.These include standardized tests, quizzes, and projects.Teachers provide feedback and support to help students improve their English skills.6.Extracurricular Activities:Extracurricular activities, such as drama clubs, debate teams, and writing workshops, also contribute to English languagedevelopment.These activities provide additional opportunities for students to practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills.Conclusion:The United States education system places a strong emphasis on teaching English proficiency to children.Through early exposure, specialized instruction, and a focus on language learning strategies, students are equipped with the necessary skills to succeed academically and professionally.The integration of technology and extracurricular activities further enhances language development, ensuring a well-rounded education for all students.。
USA-SexEdu-DrDeng：美国的性教育
摘要
50年來，美國的性教育經歷了5個階段。即：（1）20世 紀60年代，性知識的教育；（2）70年代，側重點爲價值觀 的確定的性教育；（3）80年代，以禁欲爲基礎的性教育； （4）、90年代，以性病防治爲基礎的性教育，特別是HIV感 染和艾滋病風險教育；（5）2000年時代，以促進健康這一 社會科學理論爲基礎的全方位的性教育。 美國性教育有三種模式：綜合性性教育模式、天主教學校 的性教育模式和單純性節制性交的性教育模式。幾種模式幷 存，而且展開了激烈的爭論。近年來，以美國性信息與性教 育理事會（SIECUS）爲代表的綜合性性教育模式占了上風。 通過十幾年的工作，SIECUS完成了三個年齡段的性教育 大綱。即《幼兒時期的性教育：出生到5歲》、《綜合性學 校性教育指導綱要：從學前班到12年級》和《新的展望：中 年到老年的性教育》。再加上美國大學的性學公共課程《人 類性學》，形成了一個全年齡、全方位的性教育體系。
• 3、性的意义与正确的性观念
•
性教育内容的选定是基于下述20条对 性的意义与性观念的认识。这20条对性的 意义与性观念的描述是正确的，是可以被 美国大多数社会层次的民众和团体所认可 的，但也提请使用者要注意不同社会层次 的民众和团体可能对这些描述有不同的认 识。这20条对性的意义与性观念的描述是：
Why is sex so interesting and sex Ed so boring?
2、天主教学校的性教育模式： 与世界各国一样，依据传统文化，美国人早 年也不在大庭广众之中讨论性问题。美国奉行严 格的政教分离，所以宗教组织对公立学校开展性 教育是不能干涉的。但是，人们，包括宗教信徒 对性问题并无法回避。 • 1966年，在新泽西州的整个主教管区内的天 主教学校开始了性教育。同年，天主教家庭生活 指导中心成立(BFLB)，归属在美国天主教联合会 （USCC）之下，指导全美天主教学校的性教育。 1969年BFLB与国家天主教教育学会（NCEA）联 合推出《国家性教育指导纲要》（National Sex Education Guideline），使全美1/3天主教学校按 此开课。该纲要1981和1987年两次修订。他们宣 称在上帝的创造下，性本身是神圣而美妙的，应 对青少年实施符合圣经原则的性知识教育。
Education in US美国的教育介绍PPT课件(英文)
+ Issues with American Education
17
Achievement
Girls now outperform boys in classrooms, a turnaround from the 20th century for the opposite was true
Foreign Languages
High Amounts of Immigrants call into question the inclusion of subjects taught in a foreign language to accommodate these students as the US has no “official” language
Has various teachers in specialized areas.
Wide array of extracurricular activities
Often called Junior High School
AP and IB courses, or Pre-College classes
16
Tracking
Divides students up by levels and puts them into classes that follows them throughout schooling.
Some feel is another form of segregation as some of the more ‘gifted’ students receive the best or most qualified teachers
Curriculum Issues
美国教育孩子英语作文
美国教育孩子英语作文Title: The Unique Approach to Child Education in the United StatesIn the United States, child education is approached with a focus on diversity, innovation, and personal growth. Unlike many traditional education systems, American education emphasizes the development of critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills in young learners.Schools in the US follow a curriculum that is both rigorous and engaging. Children are encouraged to explore various subjects, from math and science to arts and humanities. The teachers often adopt interactive teaching methods, involving students in discussions, experiments, and projects that foster active learning. This approach not only keeps students engaged but also helps them develop a love for learning.Moreover, the American education system places a strong emphasis on individuality. Children are encouraged to think independently, voice their opinions, and pursue their passions. This focus on individuality fosters a culture of inclusivity and diversity, where students from different backgrounds can learn and grow together. Another notable aspect of American education is the importance of extracurricular activities. Sports, arts, clubs, and volunteer work are allconsidered integral parts of a child's development. These activities not only provide opportunities for physical and emotional growth but also help students develop leadership skills, teamwork, and a sense of community.However, it's worth noting that the American education system is not without its challenges. Issues like standardized testing, unequal funding, and the pressure to achieve academic success can sometimes overshadow the more holistic approach to education.尽管如此，许多学校和教育工作者正在努力克服这些挑战，通过创新教学方法和推动教育改革，为学生创造一个更加均衡和全面的学习环境。
TheEducationSystemintheUSA
TheEducationSystemintheUSAThe Education System in the USAIntroductionIn the USA, children start school when they are five or six years old. Depending on the state, schooling is compulsory until the age of 16 or 18. Children younger than five can go to a nursery school or preschool.At the age of five or six, the children attend elementary school (also known as grade school or grammar school), which last six years. The fist year at elementary school is called kindergarten.After elementary school, students attend middle school (also known as junior high school) for three years. Then they continue at high school. In some states, students have to stay in school until they are 18 years old. In other states they may leave schoole. g. ‘tenth grade’. (In the UK students would use cardinal numbers, e. g. ‘year ten’.) ClassesAt elementary school pupils primarily learn how to read, write and count. There are about 20 to 30 pupils in one class.At junior and senior high school, mandatory subjects are English, maths, biology, chemistry, physics, physical education and history. Schools also offer optional courses from which the students can choose, e. g. art, modern languages, computers. Physical education is a very important subject in the United States –many students participate in sports programs.Gifted and talented students can take advanced courses in their schools or attend additional courses at community colleges in the afternoons or during the holidays. Often such courses are later acknowledged by universities, and can facilitate early graduation.Grading ScaleIn the USA (as in other English speaking countries) letter grades are used in reports.A > 90 % (excellent)B > 80 % (very good)C > 70 % (improvement needed)D > 60 % (close fail)E > 50 % (fail)F < 50 % (fail)In general, only grades A to C are a 'pass' –a plus (+) or minus (-) might be added (e. g. A-, B+).Different Kinds of SchoolsMost students in the USA are enrolled in public schools. These are financed through taxes, so parents do not have to pay for their children's education. About 10 % of US students attend private schools, where parents have to pay a yearly fee. Another option is homeschooling: approximately 1-2 % of parents in the USA educate their children at home. Some reasons for homeschooling are religious views, special needs (e. g. handicapped children), or problems in traditional schools (bullying, drugs etc.). However, there is also opposition to homeschooling claiming that the students have difficulties socializing with others, that homeschooling (often carried out by the parents) is of a poor academic quality and that (especially concerning religion) extremist views might be encouraged.School UniformsIt is not common for students in the USA to wear school uniforms, but many schools have dress codes telling students what kind of clothing is or is not allowed in school. Some schools (especially private schools) have started to require their students to wear school uniforms in order to improve school discipline and avoid 'fashion cliques'.。
美国的教育英语作文
美国的教育英语作文Education in the United States。
Education in the United States is a complex and diverse system that provides students with a wide range of opportunities and resources. From early childhood education to higher education, the U.S. education system is designed to prepare students for success in the global economy and to promote social mobility.The U.S. education system is divided into different levels, including early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education. Early childhood education, which includes preschool and kindergarten, is not mandatory in the United States, but it is widely available and often considered an important foundation for later academic success.Primary education in the United States typically begins at age six and continues through fifth or sixth grade,depending on the state. Secondary education, which includes middle school and high school, generally begins at age 11 or 12 and continues through age 18. In high school, students have the opportunity to take a wide range of courses, including advanced placement (AP) courses, which can earn them college credit.After completing high school, students in the United States have the option to pursue higher education at colleges and universities. Higher education in the United States is known for its diversity and flexibility, with a wide range of institutions offering different types of degrees and programs. Students can choose from public universities, private universities, community colleges, and vocational schools, among others.One of the key features of the U.S. education system is its emphasis on extracurricular activities and enrichment programs. In addition to academic coursework, students in the United States have the opportunity to participate in a wide range of activities, including sports, music, drama, and community service. These activities are seen asimportant for developing well-rounded individuals and for promoting social and emotional development.Another important aspect of the U.S. education system is its commitment to diversity and inclusion. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on creating inclusive and equitable learning environments for all students, regardless of their background or identity. This includes efforts to address issues of bias and discrimination, as well as initiatives to promote cultural competence and diversity awareness.Despite its many strengths, the U.S. education system also faces a number of challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the achievement gap, which refers to thedisparity in academic performance between different groups of students, particularly along racial and socioeconomic lines. Efforts to close the achievement gap have been a major focus of education reform in the United States, with initiatives aimed at improving the quality of education in underserved communities and providing additional supportfor at-risk students.In conclusion, the U.S. education system is a complex and diverse system that provides students with a wide range of opportunities and resources. From early childhood education to higher education, the U.S. education system is designed to prepare students for success in the global economy and to promote social mobility. While it faces a number of challenges, the U.S. education system continues to be a key driver of social and economic progress in the United States.。
12.Education in the US 美国教育
• Education in the USA was to remain in the hands of state and local government
3.The technical training institution 4.The two-year or community college(社区
学院 )
All these institutions might be public or private, depending on the source of its funding——no distinction in terms of quality of education
3.learning about what curricula the school offers and what are the requirements(majors and electives)
4. Learning about whether the institution is a public or private one (sources of income: student tuition endowments and government funding)
Changes of education system after WWII
1.Parents wanted their children to be educated for the postwar world
【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国教育education-in-the-USA
EDUCATION IN THE USAGoing to School in America TodayAmerican education has the goal of achieving universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the society.About 90% of American students attend public schools and the other 10% attend private schools. Most private schools are run the churches, synagogues or other religious groups; these schools teach about their religion as well as the usual subjects such as mathematics, English, science, history and geography.The costs involved in providing education are very high and therefore it is constantly under review by governments and by citizens. The spending of money is guided by boards of education at the state and district level. The same is true for decisions about school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the measurement of student progress.Education - A Local MatterEducation is mainly in the hands of the states and local governments; it is not controlled by the federal government.Each child in America is guaranteed 13 years education, regardless of the child’s race, sex, religion, learning problems, physical handicap or inability to speak English. Each of the 50 states in the USA has its own laws concerning education such as the school leaving-age of students.Americans like to educate their children about major public concerns, such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, crimes and drugs. Boards of education can add courses to the curriculum, if they think that they are important for the students.What an American Student LearnsThere is no national curriculum in the USA but there are some subjects that maybe taught to all students from kindergarten to grade 12.Elementary school•Elementary school usually means all grades from kindergartenthrough to grade 8.•Almost every elementary school teaches the following subjects:mathematics, English, penmanship, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and the use of computers.依F ELL AR Sm eSecondary school (high school)Secondary school generally means grades 9 to 12. The core subjects required to be taught in secondary schools are English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education.In addition to the required subjects, the student can to choose elective courses. For instance, if theycomplete the required work in American History, they are then able to take additional history related units such as European History and World Political Issues.Students can be guided in their choice of electives by school counsellors, who can suggest electives ranging from very specialized academicsubjects to those that are more vocational in nature. Some secondary schools specialize in particular types of subjects such as business education, foreign languages or industrial trades.At all levels of education, students are expected to work hard, complete assignments, complete homework and show respect to their teachers and professors.Higher EducationAbout 33% of high school student graduates go on to higher education. The system of higher education in the USA is complex. It comprises four categories of institutions:1.The university - which offers bachelor’s degrees, master’s degreesand doctoral degrees.2. The college - which only offers four-year bachelor’s degrees, thissort of college is not part of a university.3.the technical training institution - which offers a wide range ofcourses, some short and others up to four years, and where students can learn a variety of technical skills ranging from hairdressing tobusiness accounting.4.The two-year community college - where students study for 2 yearsfor a qualification which then allows them to go on and completetheir degree (another two years) at a university.Some Bachelor level degrees have an emphasis on developing a well-rounded person and some Bachelor degrees are directly aimed at a particular career path.Many universities have gained a strong reputation for the high quality of their educational programs. Some of the most prestigious universities receive a very large number of applications, and to get a place at one of these prestigious universities is very difficult.Factors that determine the status of the university are: •Quality of the teaching•Quality of research done there (very important) •Amount of funding available for libraries•Number of applicants for admission•Quality of facilitiesThe most desirable universities are usually the most expensive but their graduates have a distinct advantage when it comes to finding employment.University for AllAfter World War 2 the government passed a law offering financial assistance to returned soldiers (veterans) who wished to go to higher education colleges. Many veterans took up the opportunity, because they thoughtthat it would improve their chances of getting a good job.This changed the image of who should go to college. Previously, only a small percentage of school-leavers were accepted by colleges and universities. After the veterans started attending college, many other groups also started to attend college. For instance, the enrolment of women and African-American students greatly increased after this.By this time, racial segregation had been deemed unconstitutional, and the opportunities for African- American students to enter higher education improved dramatically.About the photo: A Fort Myer, Virginia school September 8, 1954 taken shortly after a unanimous ruling that segregation in education was inherently unequal as a result of the case of Brown vs. the Board of Education.)Universities and colleges went on to develop ways to give school leavers greater access to their programs. For example, many universities changed their entrance requirements, so that they not only took students, high school performance and entrance scores intoconsideration, but also their the talents, voluntary activities and “life experiences” .What success did these programs have?•American students have become an increasingly diversegroup.•By 2000 there were 128 women for every 100 men inhigher education.•Also by 2000, for every 100 master’s degrees awarded tomen, there were 138 awarded to womenUniversities and colleges were enrolling an increasing number of non-traditional students, for instance, students who enroll after working for some time, or students who study part-time and work part-time. By 2000, 50% of college students were 25 years or older and 43% were part-time.。
Education-in-The-United-States
Education for All
• the servicemen's Readjustment Act • Affirmative Action Programs • Success • The number of the African-American
• the "inquiry" method of learning • the importance of goingto university
Higher Education
• strong demand for higher education: a) their high school records b) recommendations from their high school teachers c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests
5) In less than 20 years, the two practices: compulsory education for all children and public taxation for school.
• Education in the USA was to remain in the hands of state and local government.
美国的教育 英语作文
The American education system is renowned for its diversity and flexibility,offering a wide range of educational opportunities to students of all ages and backgrounds.Heres an overview of its key features:1.Early Education:In the United States,education begins with preschool for children around the age of three or four.This is followed by kindergarten,which serves as an introduction to formal learning.2.Primary and Secondary Education:The primary education includes elementary school for students from grades1through5or6,depending on the state.Secondary education is divided into middle school,which covers grades6through8,and high school,which includes grades9through12.3.Curriculum:The curriculum in American schools is comprehensive,covering subjects like mathematics,English,science,social studies,and physical education.There is also a strong emphasis on extracurricular activities,including sports,arts,and clubs.4.Standardized Testing:Students in the United States are often required to take standardized tests to measure their academic progress.These tests can influence school funding and student placement in advanced courses.5.College and University Education:Higher education in the U.S.is offered by a vast array of institutions,from community colleges to research universities.Students can choose from a wide range of majors and specializations,and there is a strong emphasis on research and innovation.6.Financial Aid:Many students rely on financial aid to attend college,including scholarships,grants,loans,and workstudy programs.The availability and amount of financial aid can vary greatly depending on the students financial situation and academic performance.7.Flexibility and Choice:One of the hallmarks of the American education system is the flexibility it offers to students.They can often choose their courses,the pace at which they learn,and even the type of institution they attend.8.Diversity:The American student body is incredibly diverse,reflecting the countrys multicultural society.This diversity is embraced and often celebrated in the classroom.9.Teacher Training and Professional Development:Teachers in the U.S.are required to have a bachelors degree and often a stateissued teaching credential.There is a focus oncontinuous professional development to keep teaching methods current and effective.10.Technology Integration:American schools are increasingly integrating technology into the classroom,using computers,tablets,and interactive whiteboards to enhance learning.11.Criticism and Challenges:Despite its strengths,the American education system faces challenges such as disparities in funding between wealthy and underprivileged schools, the achievement gap between different socioeconomic groups,and debates over standardized testing and curriculum standards.12.Global Outlook:American education is also characterized by its global outlook,with many institutions offering international study programs and encouraging students to engage with global issues.In conclusion,the American education system is a complex and dynamic entity that seeks to provide a highquality education to all students while also adapting to the changing needs of society and the economy.。
关于美国教育的PPT
Elementary and Secondary education
However,in many districts,secondary education includes both grades 7~9 which Elementary refer to grades is•called "junior education high school"and grades 1~6,the secondary education generally 10~12 which is called "senior high refers to gradeseducation 9~12 which also school".Secondary in is the US also called "high school". includes vocational schools and technical schools.
American education
Education In The USA
• Preschool • Primary education
• Higher Education
• Education Reforms in the US
Preschool
• United States has no mandatory public nurseries and day-care centers, the federal government funds the Head Start Preschool program for children of low-income families, but most families need to find a preschool on their own.
新编美国留学攻略美国教育
灵活的教育体制
大家有没有这种印象：在中国上了一所大学，就默认为这就是你将来毕业的大学，不管你将来觉得这里有多么 不适合你，专业有多么不匹配，你都是要一直学到头的。在一条自己走错了的路上，学着自己不喜欢的专业，你又如 何拿出优秀的成绩，又何谈在这个领域内有所建树呢？ 在美国境遇就不同了，你可以理性地更换专业，更换学校，这些都没问题。你能想到的符合一般法则的请求都 是可以实现的，转学在美国就是家常便饭。好学生可以转到更好的学校，学习能力一般的同学可以转到课业要求不是 很高的学校。 灵活的教育制度还体现在美国本科的类别上：社区学院、综合类大学、文理学院。社区学院相当于中国的职 专、大专。美国的社区学院是两年制的，读完之后根据学生的意愿，可以去工作，也可以转到四年制综合类大学 的大三学年开始学习，最终拿到本科学位。但是中国的专科生如果想继续读本科是非常困难的，要考好多试，然 而最后拿到的专升本文凭却不被广大用人单位认可。文理学院更是美国非常独特的教育模式，专注于本科教育的 文理学院堪称美国教育的精髓。
3
美国的学位等级及分类方法
美国大学目前实行准学士、学士、硕士、博士学位制，分别代表本科和研究生两大类教育4级不同的学术水平。 由于准学士学位只是读完两年初级或社区学院的资格证明，不是攻读学士学位的必经阶段，因此美国的学位制基本上 还是3级水平结构。按学位性质，一般分为学术(研究)学位和专业(专科)学位两种。此外，美国大学还颁授荣誉学位， 此种学位并不反映学术成就，而是对于社会有杰出贡献者的承认。
美国教育 英语作文
美国教育英语作文Education in the United States is diverse and vibrant, offering a wide range of opportunities for students to grow and learn. From kindergarten to graduate school, the system is designed to foster creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.In elementary school, kids get a solid foundation in math, science, reading, and writing. Teachers often use hands-on activities and projects to make learning fun and engaging. Kids also learn about social skills and how to get along with others, which is crucial for their development.High school is where students start to explore their interests and passions more deeply. They can chooseelective courses in areas like art, music, sports, or technology. This allows them to develop specialized skills and knowledge that they can carry into college or their future careers.College education in the US is known for its rigorous standards and emphasis on research. Students have the freedom to choose their majors and can often customize their degree programs to fit their interests and career goals. The campus life is also a big part of the college experience, with students participating in clubs,。
美国教育的英语作文
美国教育的英语作文Education in the United States。
Education in the United States is highly valued and considered a key factor in achieving success. The education system in the U.S. is divided into three levels: elementary, secondary, and higher education.Elementary education, also known as primary education,is typically for children between the ages of 5 and 11. Children attend elementary school for six years and learn basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. Elementary schools often have a strong emphasis on socialization and character development.Secondary education, also known as high school, is for students between the ages of 12 and 18. High school is typically four years long and students are required to take a variety of courses including English, math, science,social studies, and physical education. High schools alsooffer elective courses in areas such as art, music, and foreign languages.In the U.S., higher education is not mandatory, but itis highly encouraged. Higher education includes collegesand universities, which offer a variety of degree programs such as associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Higher education is often seen as a means to achieve higher paying jobs and greater career opportunities.The U.S. education system places a strong emphasis on standardized testing, which is used to evaluate student performance and determine school funding. The most well-known standardized tests are the SAT and ACT, which are college entrance exams.One of the biggest challenges facing the U.S. education system is the achievement gap, which refers to thedisparities in academic performance between different demographic groups such as race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Many efforts have been made toaddress the achievement gap, including increased fundingfor schools in disadvantaged areas and the implementation of programs aimed at improving academic performance.Overall, education in the United States is highly valued and seen as a key factor in achieving success. While there are challenges facing the education system, efforts are being made to address them and improve the quality of education for all students.。
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Education in America
American schools both public and private consist of 12 years of grades-----basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school, although grades 7 and 8,or 7,8 and 9 may behoused together in a middle school or junior high school. In addition, the elementary school offers five-year-olds a year of kindergarten, usually half-day sessions, before they have formal instruction in reading and writing in the first grade. In a few states two years of junior college(the first two years of higher education)or a vocational school are part of the public school system. Schooling is compulsory in most states to the age of 16.
The public schools are administered by local school boards-------groups of people elected by the voters. The board appoints the superintendent and sometimes participates in choosing the teachers, decides how school funds are to be allocated, and has some voice in establishing the curriculum. Local funds for the schools come largely from property taxes paid by residents of the local school districts. Thus the people of the entire community, not just the parents of the children who attend, pay for public schools, which are free and open to everyone.
In elementary school, all children in a given grade study the same thing. In junior high school the student may have a limited choice of subjects. In high school the choice is wider. While some subjects are required of everyone, some high school students, in addition, take vocational classes, and others study subjects that will prepare them for college. Students from both groups study under the same roof, each selecting courses according to his or her heeds and interests. High school students commonly study four to five basic subjects per semester, each for approximately an hour a day. Additional courses, such as physical education, art, or music, may meet twice a week.
After high school a person may prepare for a particular vocation or occupation by attending vocational courses either in a junior college or in a privately supported training school such as secretarial or industrial school. Or a person may attend a college or university. The term “college” refers to an undergraduate institution that confers a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science degree after four years of study. A university generally is a group of colleges, each serving a special purpose: a college of liberal arts, a college of business, a college of education, and the like. In addition, universities offer graduate programs. The Master of Arts degree occasionally may be obtained after one year of additional specialized study, although some institutions require longer study. The Doctor of Philosophy is the highest degree in the area of the sciences and humanities. Professional degrees in such fields as medicine and law are part of the program of graduate education.
Many colleges and universities are privately supported. Many have church affiliations. In each state, however, there is at least one university and often several colleges that receive support from state funds. Students in these schools, however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition, but the state schools are much less expensive than private ones, particularly for students who are residents of the state.。