CMA考试所用词汇的专业词典
CMA考试专业词汇中英文对照表
CMA考试专业词汇中英文对照表非系统性危险Unsystematic Risk,相对于总体市场,由特定证券或企业的独特情况引起价格变动所带来的风险。
通过分散化,投资组合基本上可以消除这一风险。
上游成本Upstream Costs,制造产品前发生的成本,其中包括研发和设计成本。
效用Utility,源于商品或服务的相对满意度或满足需要的程度。
评价Valuation,判定一项价值Value,赋予某项特定资产、提供的服务、一组资产或整个业务部门的以货币表示的价值,比如一个工厂或商业企业的价值。
承销Underwriting,证券发行人委托具有证券承销资格的证券承销商,按照承销协议由证券承销商向投资者募集资本并交付证券的行为和制度。
非预期损失Unexpected Loss,除期望损失之外的具有波动性的资产价值的潜在损失。
不利差异Unfavorable Variance,实际成本超过标准成本或预算成本的金额,或实际营收低于标准营收或预算营收的金额。
单位贡献Unit Contribution,单位售价与单位变动成本之差。
单位成本Unit Cost,单位产品的成本、或产品某成本要素的单位成本。
一般的计算方法是总成本除以总数量。
短期国库券Treasury Bills,由美国财政部发行的短期证券,最小面值是1000美元,三个月、六个月和一年到期。
按面值折扣形式发行。
长期国库券Treasury Bonds,由美国财政部发行的长期证券,最小面值是1000美元,十年或更长时间到期。
中期国库券Treasury Notes,由美国财政部发行的中期证券,最小面值是1000美元,两到十年到期。
库藏股票Treasury Stock,由发行公司通过馈赠、购买或其他方式重新获得、可供再售或取消的全额付讫股票。
80年高端财务领域第一品牌,CMA培训机构,首家IMA授权高校CMA培训机构地址:上海市徐汇区中山西路2230号2号楼14楼(上海立信会计学院)电话:400-821-8909特洛伊木马Trojan Horse,貌似执行一种有用而无害功能的计算机程序,但执行时却是实际上有害的恶意程序。
CMA必备概念
必背概念:1、吸收成本法和变动成本法的优缺点2、权威式预算和参与式预算的优缺点3、应收账款坏账确认方法4、产品生命周期的定义、四个阶段及每个阶段的特点5、外包的优缺点6、累计学习曲线模型的适用范围和优缺点7、简述四种责任中心,并阐述考核方式8、预算的三个职能9、转移定价方法比较10、纳入经营性现金流的活动有哪些?(投资和融资呢?11、财报的信息使用者有哪些12、内审的三种基本类别13、指出并阐述内控的三个目标14、定义及时制并阐述优缺点15、融资租赁和经营租赁的区别16、应收账款出售的两种形式定义说明17、作业成本法的适用范围和优点18、价值链的定义和六大职能19、什么是全面质量管理20、战略管理的步骤21、指出并阐述内部控制的五个要素22、职责分离的四项内容23、平衡计分卡的内容24、波士顿矩阵内容1.吸收成本法和变动成本法的优缺点(1)吸收成本法优点a.这是外部财务报告的要求b.它使所有的制造成本与收入相匹配缺点:a.若经理的奖金或其他激励计划与营业利润相关,经理就可能增加存货,即使不存在额外需求b.经理可能会生产一些能吸收固定制造费用的产品而不是对企业最有利的产品(2)变动成本法优点:a.避免管理层为单纯追求高利润而操纵存货b.使管理层关注可控制的成本和领域c.基于边际贡献的分析可以帮助企业内部决策缺点:a.不符合GAAP准则2.权威式预算和参与式预算的优缺点(1)权威式预算优点:更好地将企业的战略目标贯彻到预算中更好地控制预算的过程,提高决策过程的效率。
缺点:降低预算执行者的认同度无法有效的进行激励,进而降低预算目标完成实现的程度(2)参与式预算优点:较好发挥预算的沟通作用;预算执行者的参与可以更好地激励完成设定的预算目标;缺点:出现预算松弛可能与企业的整体战略产生偏离3.应收账款坏账确认方法直接注销法:在坏账实际发生的时候,直接在应收账款余额中剔除对应金额即可。
优点:简单可靠缺点:不符合配比原则,除非金额极小,不然不能使用备抵法:在赊销发生的时候根据历史经验预估坏账率,预提坏账费用在损益表上扣除。
临床试验中英对照词汇表englishvocabularyofclinicaltrials
Abbr/缩写Englishi/英文Chinese/中文AASV accompanied site visit陪同访视accuracy准确度AC active control阳性对照,活性对照ADR adverse drug reaction药物不良反应AE adverse event不良事件adverse medical events不良医学事件adverse reaction药物不良反应ALT alanine aminotransferase丙氨酸氨基转换酶Alb albumin白蛋白ALP alkaline phosphatase碱性磷酸酶alpha spending function消耗函数analysis sets统计分析的数据集annotated crf注释CRF表approval批准FM approved standard form标准批准表格ALD approximate lethal dose近似致死剂量AUC area under curve药时曲线下面积AST aspartate aminotransferase天门冬酸氨基转换酶assistant investigator助理研究者ATR attenuated total reflection衰减全反射法AUCss aucss稳态血药浓度-时间曲线下面积audit稽查audit or inspection稽查/视察audit report稽查报告auditor稽查员Cav average concentration平均浓度Bbias偏性,偏倚bind 绑定,将履行自己法律义务和/或在法律上负责。
BE bioequivalence生物等效应BS biostatistics生物统计BSF biostatistics study file生物统计学文件夹blank control空白对照blind codes编制盲底blind review盲态检查blinding盲法,设盲blinding method盲法block分段/层block size每段的长度BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮BMI body mass index体重/身高的平方BD business development业务拓展Ccarryover effect延滞效应case history病历CRF case report form/ case record form病例报告表,病例记录表categorical variable分类变量CDC center for disease control疾病控制中心ENGLISH VOCABULARY OF CLINICAL TRIALSCDE center for drug evaluation 国家食品药品监督管理局药品审评中心CCF central clinical file申办方临床研究文件夹CEC central ethics committee中心伦理委员会CIF central investigator's file中心研究者文件夹CDA certified data analyst数据分析师COF change order form工作变更申请表CMC chemistry manufacturing and controls临床前药学研究CMO chief media officer首席医学官CFDA china food and drug administration国家食品药品监督管理总局CD circular dichroism圆二色谱CL clearance清除率clinical auditor临床稽查员CDMS clinical data management system临床数据管理系统clinical director临床总监clinical equivalence临床等效应CMA clinical monitoring associate临床研究监查助理CM clinical monitoring/operations临床监查/运营CPA clinical project assistant临床项目助理CRA clinical research associate临床研究监察员,临床研究助理CRC clinical research coordinator临床协调员clinical study临床研究CSDs clinical study documents临床研究文件CSR clinical study report临床研究报告CTMS clinical trail management system临床试验管理系统clinical trial临床试验CTA clinical trial agreement临床试验协议CTA clinical trial application临床试验申请CTA clinical trial assistant临床研究助理CTX clinical trial exemption临床试验免责CTP clinical trial protocol临床试验方案CTS clinical trial supplies临床试验用品clinical trial/ study report临床试验报告Cmax cmax,maximum concentration峰浓度CI co-inveatigator合作研究者CTD common technical document国际药品注册申请技术文件格式comparison对照CR complete response完全缓解compliance依从性composite variable复合变量CATD computer-assisted trial design计算机辅助试验设计confidence interval可信区间confidence level置信水平CDA confidentiality disclosure agreement保密协议consistency test一致性检验CRO contract research organization合同研究组织contract/ agreement协议/合同control group对照组CD controlled documents控制文件coordinating committee协调委员会COI coordinating investigator协调研究者CAPA corrective action & preventive action纠正/预防措施CIOMS council for international organizations ofmedical sciences国际医学科学组织理事会cov close out visits关闭访视crea肌酐cross-over study交叉设计Css css, steady-state concentration稳浓度cure痊愈CV curriculum vitea履历DDCRF data clarification and resolution form数据澄清和解决表DCF data clarification form数据澄清表DCR data clarification report数据澄清报告DM data management数据管理DMP data management plan数据管理计划书DMSF data management study file数据管理研究文件夹DQF data query form数据疑问表database建立数据库database go live数据库批准启动DF degree of fluctuation波动度/系统descriptive statistical analysis描述性统计分析dichotomies二分类DSC differential scanning calorimetry示差扫描量热法DFS disease free survival无病生存期diviation偏差documentation记录/文件DLT dose limting toxicity剂量限制毒性dose-reaction relation剂量-反应关系double blinding双盲double dummy双模拟double dummy technique双盲双模拟技术double-blinding双盲dro out脱落drug-oriented药物源性Eeffectiveness疗效eCRF electronic case report form电子病历报告表EDC electronic data capture电子数据采集系统EDP electronic data processing电子数据处理系统emergency envelope应急信件EOS end of study研究结束end point终点endpoint criteria/ measurement终点指标equivalence等效性essential documentation必须文件EC ethics committee伦理委员会ESH-ESC european soceity of hypertension-europeansociety of cardilogy欧洲高血压-心脏协会EU european union欧盟EBM evidence-based medicine循证医学excellent显效exclusion criteria排除标准Ffactorial design析因设计failure无效,失败final point终点fixed-dose procedure固定剂量法FDA food and drug administration 食品药品管理局/美国食品药品管理局forced titration强制滴定FAS full analysis set全分析集GGC-FTIR gas chromatography-fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy气相色谱-傅利叶红外联用GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometer气相色谱-质谱联用generic drug通用名药global assessment variable全局评价变量GLU glucose葡萄糖GAP good agricultural practice中药材种植管理规范GCP good clinical practice药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP good laboratory practice药品实验室管理规范GMP good manufacturing practice药品生产质量管理规范GLP good non-clinical laboratory practice药物非临床研究质量管理规范GSP good supply practice药品经营质量管理规范GUP good use practice药品使用质量管理规范group sequential design成组序贯设计HHCO head of clinical operations临床运营总监HEV health economic evaluation健康经济学评价HCT historial control trial历史对照研究HIM hospital intensive monitoring医院集中监测hypothesis test假设检验IIRAEs immediately reportable adverse events立即上报的不良反应improvement好转inclusion criteria入选标准IEC independent ethics committee独立伦理委员会information gathering信息收集IT information technology信息技术IC informed consent知情同意ICF informed consent form知情同意书IR infrared radiation红外吸收光谱initial meeting启动会议inspection视察/检查institution inspection机构检查IRB institutional review board机构伦理委员会ICH intennational conference on hamonization oftechnical requirements for registration ofpharmaceuticals for human use人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会/国际协调会议ICH-GCP intennational conference on hamonizationtripartite guideline on good clinicalpractice国际协调会议药品临床试验质量管理规范指南intention to treat意向性治疗ITT intention-to –treat意向性分析IVRS interactive voice response system互动式语音应答系统interim analysis期中分析IDB investigational drug brochure试验药物手册IND investigational new drug新药临床研究IP investigational product研究用产品investigator研究者ISF investigator site file研究者文件夹ISA investigator study agreement研究者合同IB investigator's brochure研究者手册IXRS ixsystems交互式互动服务提供商JKKPS karnofsky performance status行为状态评分LLOCF last observation carry forward最近一次观察的结转LD50lethal dose, 50%半数致死剂量LOI letter of intent意向书LOQ limit of quantitation定量限LM line manager直线经理LC-MS liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry液相色谱-质谱联用logic check逻辑检查lost of follow up失访Mmarketing approval/ authorization上市许可证masking设盲MRT mass rapid transit平均滞留时间MS mass spectrometry质谱MS-MS mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry质谱-质谱联用MSA master services agreement主服务协议matched pair匹配配对MTD maximal tolerable dose最大耐受剂量MedDRA meddra ICH国际医学用语词典medical director医学总监MW medical writing医学写作MOH ministry of health卫生部missing value缺失值mixed effect model混合效应模式monitor监查员monitoring监查monitoring report监查报告multi-center trial多中心试验NNCE new chemical entity新化学实体NDA new drug application新药上市申请NOAEL no observed adverse effect level未见不良反应剂量水平non-clinical study非临床研究non-inferiority非劣效性non-parametric statistics非参数统计方法NRCCT non-randomized concurrent controlled trial非随机同期对照试验 NA not available不可用NCS not clinically significant无临床意义ND not done未做NMR nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振Oobedience依从性ODR odr旋光光谱offsite archive异地存档on-site monitoring现场监查on-target monitoring目标化监查open-blinding非盲open-label非盲OP operation procedure操作规程OTL opperational team lead运营团队负责人optional titration随意滴定original medical record原始医疗记录OD other documents其他文件OOS out of scope超出工作范围outcome结果outcome assessment结果指标评价outcome measurement结果指标outlier离群值OS overall survival总生存时间Pparallel group design平行组设计parameter estimation参数估计parametric statistics参数统计方法PR partial response部分缓解patient file病人档案patient history病历PR patient recruitment患者招募patient-oriented人源性PP per protocol符合方案集PMI periodic maintenance inspection定期维护检查PIN personal identification number个人确认密码PK phamacokinetics药物代谢动力学PD pharmacodynamics药效学;药代动力学PKAS pharmacokinetics analysis set药代动力学分析集placebo安慰剂placebo control安慰剂对照polytomies多分类PMS post-marketing study上市后临床试验PMS post-marketing surveillance上市后药物检测power检验效能PSV pre –study visit启动前访视precision精密度preclinical study临床前研究primary endpoint主要终点primary variable主要变量PI principal investigator主要研究者PL product license产品许可证PD progressive disease病情进展PMF project management file项目管理文件夹PM project maneger项目经理protocol试验方案protocol amendment方案补正PD protocol deviation方案偏离PFDA pure food and drug administration (美国)食品及药物管理局(正式名称为Food and Drug Administration,略作FDA)QQA quality assurance品质保证QAU quality assurance unit质量保证部门QC quality control质量控制query form应用疑问表query list应用疑问表Rrandomization随机化RCT randomized controlled trial随机对照试验range check范围检查rating scale量表reconciliation和解RM records management记录管理RA regulatory affairs注册事务RA regulatory authorities监督管理部门RSD relative standard deviation日内和日间相对标准差RM remote monitoring远程监查replication可重复RECIST response evaluation criteria in solid实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准RMV routine monitoring visits例行监查run in准备期SSAS safety analysis set安全性评价的数据集safety evaluation安全性评价sample size样本量scale of ordered categorical ratings有序分类指标SOW scope of work工作范围secondary variable次要变量sequence试验次序SAR serious adverse reaction严重不良反应seriousness严重性severity严重程度SAE severity adverse event严重不良事件significant level检验水准simple randomization简单随机single blinding单盲site audit试验机构稽查SCV site close-out visit中心关闭访视SIF site information form中心信息表SIV site intiation visits启动访视SMV site monitoring visit中心监查方式SSV site selection visit中心筛选访视SVR site visit report中心访视报告SD source data原始数据SD source document原始文件SDV soutce data verification原始数据核查specificity特异性sponsor申办者sponsor-investigator申办研究者SD stable disease病情稳定standard curve标准曲线SD standard deviation标准差SOP standard operating procedure标准操作规程SFDA state food and drug administration 中国国家食品药品监督管理局的旧称statistic统计量statistical analysis plan统计参数计划书statistical model统计模型statistical tables统计分析表stratified分层study aud研究稽查SC study coordinator研究协调员subgroup亚组Sub-I subinvestigator次要研究者SI sub-investigator助理研究者subject受试者subject diary受试者日记subject enrollment受试者入选subject enrollment log受试者入选表SIC subject identification code受试者识别代码subject recruitment受试者招募subject screening log受试者筛选表superiority检验survival analysis生存分析SUSAR suspected unexpected sar疑似非预期严重不良反应sxrd单晶X-射线衍射system audit系统稽查Ttarget variable目标变量TP template模板MRHD the maximum recommended human dose最高推荐人用剂量TG thermogravimetric analysis热重分析T1/2time 1/2消除半衰期TTP time-to-progression 疾病进展时间tlc、hplc制备色谱tmax达峰时间TP total protein总蛋白T-BIL total-bilirubin总胆红素T-CHO total-cholesterol总胆固醇TR training培训transformation变量变换treatment group试验组trial error试验误差TMF trial master file试验主文件夹trial objective试验目的trial site临床试验中心triple blinding三盲two one-side test双单侧检验UUV-VIS ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy紫外可见吸收光谱UADE unanticipated adverse drug effect非预期不良反应unblinding揭盲/破盲UADR unexpected adverse drug reaction非预期药物不良反应 UAE unexpected adverse event非预期不良事件Vvariability变异variable变量visual analogy scale直观类比打分法visual check人工检查vulnerable subject弱势受试者Wwash-out清洗期washout period洗脱期well-being福利,健康WI work instruction工作指南XYZ。
CMA考试专业用词中英文对照表
(March , 2014)
CMA 考试所用词汇的专业词典 (2014 年 3 月 28 日)
TERM 词汇 Abnormal Spoilage 非正常损耗 Absorbed Overhead 已吸收间接费用 Absorption Costing DEFINITION 定义 Unacceptable units that are not expected to occur under an efficient production process. 在有效率的生产流程下不应该发生的不合格品数量。 That portion of factory indirect cost that has been allocated to a specific product, or saleable service. (Also called Applied Overhead.) 已经分配给特定产品或适销服务的那部分工厂间接成本。(又称“已分配 间接费用”。) A costing system that assigns to inventory all types of manufacturing costs, including direct, indirect, fixed and variable. (Also called Full Absorption Costing.) 将所有各类制造成本,其中包括直接成本、间接成本、固定成本和变动成 本,分配给存货的成本计算方法。(又称“全部吸收成本法”。) The steps an accountant follows to analyze and record business transactions, prepare the financial statements, and prepare for the next accounting period. 会计人员分析、记录业务交易,编制财务报表,为下一个会计期间做准备 的步骤。 A pattern of depreciation in which the amount of depreciation computed in the early years is greater than the amounts computed in the later years. 一种折旧方法,其早期计提的折旧金额大于后期计提的金额。 The process of identifying, classifying, measuring, recording and communicating in monetary terms transactions and events of an economic entity that are of a financial character. 以货币为单位确认、分类、计量、记录和传递一个经济实体财务性质的交 易和事项的过程。 Revenue less all expenses included in the entity’s income statement. 实体的利润表中收入减去全部费用。 Principles and procedures to be followed by accountants as formulated by an authoritative body. (Also called Accounting Principles.)
汽车专业英语开卷考试简易词汇表
Aabrupt突然的ABS(Antilock Braking System)防抱死制动系统accumulator蓄电池acoustic听觉的active suspension system主动悬架系统adapter plate安装板additive添加剂adhesion粘着age老化agitation激动Air bag安全气囊air conditioning condenser空调冷凝器alignment调正amplitude振幅aneroid空盒气压表antiscuff防磨损as aresult结果asymmetrical不均匀的at idle空转axle shaft半轴Bbackpressure背压baffled阻挡的baffle隔板ball bearing球轴承ball joint球形接头battery pack蓄电池组be attached to固定在... beef up加强bell housing离合器壳bleeder screw放气螺钉bleed放油bolt head螺栓头bone结合booster调压器bracket托架brake booster制动助力器brake hose制动软管Brake Pads制动块brake pedal制动踏板brake shoe制动蹄braze焊接breaker point type ignition system触点型点火系统build up积累buildup组合bulky大的bump碰撞bypass valve旁通阀bypass迂回byproduct副产品Ccam disk平面凸轮camber外倾角cancel out取消carbon monoxide一氧化碳carburetor bowl化油器浮子室cast iron铸铁caster主销外倾catalytic converter催化式排气净化器catalytic converter催化转换器centrifugal force离心力charcoal canister碳罐check valve止回阀clamp管夹clamp夹子cleanser清洁剂clog填塞clutch disc离合器从动盘clutch pedal离合器踏板clutch离合器coil spring螺旋弹簧coil线圈collide with与...相撞combination valve组合阀combustion chamber燃烧室compactness紧密compensate抵消comply with 照做compromise妥协condenser电容器conflicting相矛盾的congested拥挤的contaminate污染control sleeve控制套筒convoluted盘旋的corkscrew开塞钻cork软木塞cornering force回转力corrosion inhibitor阻蚀剂cotter pi开口销counter消除couple with与...连接coupling device接合装置crankcase曲轴箱crankshaft曲轴cross-section横截面cruise control system巡航控制系统Ddashboard汽车等的仪表板deflect变形deflect使什么偏斜delivery valve出油阀deposits沉积物detergent-dispersant清洁分散剂deterioration变质deterioration损坏diaphragm spring膜片弹簧differential差速器disastrous灾难性的discrete独立的disguise伪装dissipate消耗distributor rotor分火头distributorless ignition system无分电器点火系统distributor分电器diverter valve换向阀do with利用dominate支配downshift向下换挡drive pinion主动小齿轮drive shaft传动轴drive train传动系drive wheel驱动轮drum brake鼓式制动器dry-sump干油底壳DTC(diagnostic test code)诊断故障码dummy假人dump valve减压阀Eeffective stroke有效行程electric pump电动燃油泵electronic control system电子控制系统eliminate除去emergency brake紧急制动器enclose装入engage with与...啮合engage接合engine block气缸体ensemble整体equalizer valve平衡阀Exhaust Gas Re-circulation (EGR)废气再循环expansion(overflow)tank 膨胀箱Ffastener扣件feat技艺feedback反馈fiberglass玻璃纤维filler注入口filter screen滤网final drive assembly主减速器总成final drive主减速器flat spot平点fluid coupling液力耦合器fluid液体flush冲洗flywheel飞轮foam inhibitor泡沫抑制剂fore-and-aft纵向的forklift铲车fray磨损friction lining比例阀fuel feed pump输油泵fuel pressure regulator燃油压力调节器fuel rail油轨fulcrum ring导轴衬full-flow filtering system全流式滤清器Ggas gauge汽油表gas mileage燃油经济性gas pedal加速踏板gasket垫圈gear ratio传动比gear reduction ratios齿轮减速比gear reduction齿轮减速gear type oil pump齿轮泵gear up使换快档gearbox变速器generator speed sensor永磁脉冲式速度传感器get up to达到glazing上光glycol 乙二醇governor调速器grime污垢groove沟gulp valve补气阀gum粘合Hhall effect sensor霍尔效应传感器handling操作稳定性hanger吊钩header集气管high gear高速档high tension lead高压导线hinder阻碍hood发动机罩hydraulic actuator液压传动机构hydrocarbon碳氢化合物hypoid准双曲面的Iin detail详细地in exchange for变换inductive感应式的injector喷油器inline pump直列式喷油泵instrument cluster仪表板intersect相交jockey pulley张紧轮Lleaf spring钢板弹簧lengthwise纵向的lever杆limited-slip differential(LSD)防滑差速器linkage连接load carrying承载能力longitudinal纵向的Mmagnetic field磁场magnetic flux磁通量malfunction indicator lamp(MIL)故障指示灯malfunction故障mandatory强制的manifold进气歧管manipulate操作manually手动地master cylinder制动主缸maze曲径measure off量出mechanism机械装置mesh啮合meter计量modulator调制器muffler消声器Nneutrlize使无效nitrogen oxides氮氧化合物not to mention更不用说Ooleo-pneumatic actuator油汽执行机构one-way clutch单向离合器outlet出口oval卵形的overhual大修override基本的over-steer 过多转向over-tighten过紧Ppanic stop紧急制动parallel link平行杠杆式连结parallellogram system平行连杆系统passenger comfort乘客舒适性pavement人行道payload有效载荷PCM(power control module)动力系统控制模块PCV=positive crankcase ven tilation 曲轴强制通风peeling剥皮perforated多孔的periphery外围perpendicular垂直的phosphorus磷pickup tube机油吸油管pinion angle小齿轮角pinion gear小齿轮pinion shaft行星齿轮轴pitch俯仰pitman arm转向臂pivot支点planetary gear set行星齿轮组platinum铂plunger barrel柱塞套plunger柱塞porosity多孔性potentiometer电位计power-steering system动力转向系统powertrain control module动力传动控制模块pre-chamber预燃室pressure cooker高压锅pressure differential valve差压阀pressure plate压盘pressure-relief valve安全阀primary and secondary circuit初级电路和次级电路pseudo假的psi=pound per square inch磅英寸puddle水坑pulse width脉冲宽度pump泵轮Rrack-and-pinion齿条齿轮式rack齿条radiator散热器ramp斜坡rebound回弹recirculate在循环recirculating ball循环球式redirect使改道relay继电器release bearing分离轴承release fork分离拨叉residual剩余的resonant引起共鸣的retarding force制动力retractable vane可伸缩叶片retract缩回return line回油管路reverse gear倒档revolution旋转rhodium铑ring gear齿圈riveted用铆钉钉牢的roll侧倾room空间rotary valve回转阀rotary-vane pump叶片泵rubber bushing橡胶衬套Ssake缘故saturation磁饱和schematic简图screech发出尖锐的声音scrub摩擦semielliptical半椭圆的sensor传感器series串联shock absorer减震器side gear半轴齿轮silicate硅酸盐sinusoidal正弦曲线sizable相当大的slam冲击slave cylinder轮缸slightly轻微的slope斜坡slotted hole长圆孔sludge油泥socket插座solenoid valve电磁阀solenoid电磁线圈solid state pressure transducer晶体管压力传感器span跨度spark plug火花塞speaker扬声器speedometer速度计spigot连接管接合spill port溢流口spindle轴spin回旋splash through涉水通过splined hub花键毂spline花键sponginess海绵性的spongy pedal踏板发软spool-valve滑阀sprag clutch楔块式超越离合器spring eye钢板弹簧卷耳spring shackle板簧吊环sprung mass簧载质量stabilizer bar稳定杆staggered错列的stall 停转stand for代表... standpoint立场start-up启动station wagons旅行车stationary静止的statistics统计学stator导轮stator定子steering angle转向角steering geometry转向梯形机构steering ratio转向减速比steering system转向系统stepper motor步进电机stick out伸出stick shift顶档杆strap皮带strut支柱subassembly 部件submerge淹没subtract减sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sump油底壳swinging arm摆臂swinging half-axle摆动半轴synthetic合成的Ttailpipe排气管tailpipe尾管talcum powder滑石粉taper off逐渐减少TCS(Traction Control System)牵引力控制系统telemetry遥测技术tend to必然the body of a car车身thermal energy热能thermostat节温器threaded rod螺杆threaded带着螺纹的threshold极限值throttle body assembly节气门体总成throttle cable节气门拉索throttle valve节流阀thrust pad止推垫thumping极大的tire-tread轮胎胎面toe in前轮前束toe out后束tooth pitch齿距torque converter液力变矩器torsion bar扭力杆torsionary扭转的tracking stability直线行驶稳定性trailing links纵臂tranmission变速器transaxle变速驱动桥transducer转换器transformer变压器transistor晶体管transversely横着tremendous巨大的tricky复杂的trough水槽tuck挤进turbine涡轮turning limit转向限值turning radius转向半径turn匝数UU-bolt u形螺栓U-joint万向节underneath在...的下面unit body组合车身unleashed fuel无铅汽油unsprung mass非簧载质量upper control arm上控制臂Vvacuum hose真空软管vacuum真空度vane pump叶片式泵variable-ratio steering可变速比转向varnish积碳vehicle speed sensor车速传感器via通过vibration振动viscosity index粘度指数Wwater jacket水套wear磨损wet-sump湿油底壳wheel alignment车轮定位wheelbase轴距windshield wiper风窗玻璃刮水器windshield wiper风窗玻璃刮水器wind缠绕wiring harness线束wishbone叉形控制臂worm gear涡轮wrench扳手wring线路。
CMA单词表中文
报废自动放弃财产。
异常损耗在有效的生产流程下不应该发生的不合格品数量。
已分摊间接费用已经分配给特定产品或适销服务的那部分工厂间接成本。
(又称已分配间接费用。
)吸纳成本法将所有各类制造成本,其中包括直接成本、间接成本、固定成本和变动成本,分配给存货的成本会计制度。
(又称全部吸收成本法。
)加速折旧一种折旧方法,即初期计算的折旧金额大于后期计算的金额。
会计以货币为单位确定、分类、计量、记录和传达一个经济实体财务性交易和事项的过程。
会计利润,会计损益实体的损益表中营收减去全部支出。
会计准则会计人员须遵循的、由权威机构制定的各项原则和程序。
(又称会计原则。
)会计制度在累计、分类、记录和报告业务事项和交易中遵循的方法、程序和标准。
应收帐款以赊帐方式购得商品或获得服务的客户应付给某实体的帐款。
应收帐款周转率用于度量资产利用状况以及公司在催收客户赊销款方面能力的财务比率。
权责发生制凡是当期已经赚取的营收和已经发生的费用,不论何时收付现金,都作为当期的营收(a)和费用(b)予以确认和记录的方法。
应计在会计期间,实体尚未收付的应得收入或已发生成本的累积。
累计折旧与固定资产相关的折旧费金额,而该固定资产自购置之日起已被确定为费用。
酸性试验比率该比率用来量度实体使用流动性最强的流动资产(不包括存货)偿付短期债务的能力。
(又称速兑比率。
)购置成本为换取商品或服务而让予的现金或其他资源的价值。
它包括为使资产适用于预期用途所需的全部成本。
(又称历史成本或原始成本。
)作业动因(成本动因)用于将一项作业成本分配给成本对象的因素。
它量度成本对象使用一项作业的频率和强度。
作业基础预算法为达到战略目标和改进绩效而量化各项作业和流程并预测其成本的预算方法。
作业成本法该成本计算方法(a)确定成本的发生与各项作业之间的关系,(b)确定各项作业的根本“动因”,(c)建立与各“动因”相关的成本集合,(d)制定成本计算比率,以及(e)依据消耗的资源(动因)向产品分配成本。
汽车英语专业词汇(完全篇)
底盘平移台chassis shuttle车辆转移台bus transfer前围角板front wall angle cover后围侧板rear wall side cover保险杠bumper三类底盘three type chassis左侧围应力蒙皮R/S stretching skin (road side)中涂floating coat拼装台collector切割轮口wheel -arch cutting内饰trim线束harness返工re-doing轮罩护板wheel house发车前准备pre-delivery举升hoist小批量产品be pilot2 套two kits配电站power transformer substation裙板skirt发动机托架engine holding frame诊断报警系统diagnosis and alarming system互换性interchangeability缩微图纸microfiche files总装final assembly磷化phosphate仪表板dash board切齐trimming结构完整性structure integrity自动愈合的防腐材料self-healing corrosion preventative material 长途客车inter-city bus改装厂refitting factory遮阳板sun visor随车工具tool box钢化玻璃toughened grass异形钢管special steel pipe全天候空调系统full range A/C强制通风ram-air ventilation停机时间downtime无公害柴油clean diesel宽敞悬臂式座椅roomy cantilevered seat防滑地板no-skid floor织物纹里铝合金textured aluminum extrusion爬坡能力grade ability排水阀drain valve除湿器moisture ejector怠速时at idle琴式驱动桥banjo type drive axle通风口duct恒温控制thermostatic control平衡水箱surge tank变光开关simmer switch消音器muffler防破坏vandal resistant聚碳化透镜poly-carbonate Len镀锌板galvanized plate搭接lap亮丽的外表smart appearance隐藏式固定concealed fastening水洼pending发动机中置式客车bus with under floor engine组合式客车车身modular bus body薄壳式结构shell construction衬垫pad空气导流板air deflector搁梁shelf beam腰梁waist rail梭梁stabilizing beam腰带式安全带diagonal safety belt压条trim strip嵌条insertion strip翼板fender斜撑bracing piece转向盘回正性试验test of steering wheel return ability转向盘转角脉冲试验steering wheel impulse input test转向盘转角阶跃输入试验steering wheel step input or transient state yaw response test极限侧向加速度试验limiting lateral acceleration test汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验automobile ride random input running test汽车平顺性单脉冲输入行驶试验automobile ride single pulse input running test汽车悬挂系统固有频率与阻尼比的测定试验measurement of natural frequency and damping ratio of suspension功率突然变化影响试验test of effect of sudden power change收油门后控制试验test of control at breakaway横风稳定性试验test of crosswind stability反冲试验kick-back test轮胎爆破响应时间试验test of burst response of tire绕过障碍物试验obstacle avoidance test移线试验lane change testJ型转弯试验test of J turn频率响应时间试验frequency response test瞬态响应时间试验transient response test阶路响应时间试验step response test脉冲响应试验pulse response test静态操舵力试验static steering effort test悬架举升试验jack-up test of suspension耐翻倾试验test of overturning immunity轮辋错动试验rim slip test风洞试验wind tunnel test制动稳定性试验test of braking stability最小转弯直径试验minimum turning diameter test操舵力试验steering effort test类型type发动机engine内燃机internal combustion engine动力机装置power unit汽油机gasoline engine汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection engine火花点火式发动机spark ignition engine压燃式发动机compression ignition engine往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机carburetor engine柴油机diesel engine转子发动机rotary engine旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine二冲程发动机two-stroke engine四冲程发动机four-stroke engine直接喷射式柴油机direct injection engine间接喷射式柴油机indirect injection engine增压式发动机supercharged engine风冷式发动机air-cooled engine油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine水冷式发动机water-cooled engine自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine煤气机gas engine液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine柴油煤气机diesel gas engine多种燃料发动机multifuel engine石油发动机hydrocarbon engine双燃料发动机duel fuel engine热球式发动机hot bulb engine多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine十字头型发动机cross head engine直列式发动机in-line engine星型发动机radial engine筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine斯特林发动机stirling engine套阀式发动机knight engine气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine倾斜式发动机slant engine前置式发动机front-engine后置式发动机rear-engine中置式发动机central engine左侧发动机left-hand engine右侧发动机right-hand engine短冲程发动机oversquare engine长冲程发动机undersquare engine等径程发动机square engine顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine V形发动机V-engine顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine侧置气门发动机side valve engine无气门发动机valveless engine多气门发动机multi-valve engine卧式发动机horizontal engine斜置式发动机inclined engine立式发动机vertical engineW形发动机w-engineI形发动机I-engineL形发动机L-engineF形发动机F-engine性能performance二冲程循环two-stroke cycle四冲程循环four-stroke cycle狄塞尔循环diesel cycle奥托循环otto cycle混合循环mixed cycle定容循环constant volume cycle工作循环working cycle等压循环constant pressure cycle理想循环ideal cycle热力循环thermodynamic cycle冲程stroke活塞行程piston stroke长行程long stroke上行程up stroke下行程down stroke进气行程intake stroke充气行程charging stroke压缩行程compression stroke爆炸行程explosion stroke膨胀行程expansion stroke动力行程power stroke排气行程exhaust stroke膨胀换气行程expansion-exchange stroke换气压缩行程exchange-compression stroke止点dead center上止点top dead center(upper dead center)下止点lower dead center(bottom dead center)上止点前budc(before upper dead center)上止点后atdc(after top dead cetner)下止点前bbdc(before bottom dead center)下止点后abdc(after bottom dead center)缸径cylinder bore缸径与行程bore and stroke空气室energy chamber气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance volume燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume气缸最大容积maximum cylinder volume压缩室compression chamber排气量displacement发动机排量engine displacement活塞排量piston swept volume气缸容量cylinder capacity单室容量single-chamber capacity容积法volumetry压缩比compression ratio临界压缩比critical compression ratio膨胀比expansion ratio面容比surface to volume ratio行程缸径比stroke-bore ratio混合比mixture ratio压缩压力compression pressure制动平均有效压力brake mean effective pressure(bmep) 空燃比air fuel ratio燃空比fuel air ratio燃料当量比fuel equivalence ratio扭矩torque单缸功率power per cylinder升功率power per liter升扭矩torque per liter升质量mass per liter减额功率derating power输出马力shaft horsepower马力小时,马力时horsepower-hour总马力gross horse power总功率gross power净功率net power燃油消耗量fuel consumption比燃料消耗率specific fuel consumption空气消耗率air consumption机油消耗量oil consumption有效马力net horse power额定马力rated horse power马力重量系数horsepower-weight factor制动功率brake horse power制动热效率brake thermal efficiency总效率overall efficiency排烟极限功率smoke limiting horsepower功率曲线power curve机械损失mechanical loss机械效率mechanical efficiency有效热效率effective thermal efficiency充气系数volumetric efficiency过量空气系数coefficient of excess air适应性系数adaptive coefficient扭矩适应性系数coefficient of torque adaptibility转速适应性系数speed adaptive coefficient强化系数coefficient of intensification校正系数correction factor换算系数conversion factor活塞平均速度mean piston speed发动机转速engine speed (rotational frequency)怠速转速idling speed经济转速economic speed起动转速starting speed最低稳定工作转速lowest continuous speed with load 最大扭矩转速speed at maximum torque最高空转转速maximum no load governed speed调速speed governing超速overspeed怠速idling转速波动率speed fluctuation rate工况working condition(operating mode)额定工况declared working condition变工况variable working condition稳定工况steady working condition空载no-load全负荷full load超负荷overload部分负荷part load充量(进气)charge旋转方向direction of rotation顺时针clockwise逆时针counter-clockwise左转left-hand rotation右转right-hand rotation外径major diameter中径pitch diameter内径minor diameter径向间隙radial clearance发动机性能engine performance加载性能loading performance起动性能starting performance加速性能acceleration performance动力性能power performance排放性能emission performance空转特性no load characteristics负荷特性part throttle characteristics调速特性governor control characteristics万有特性mapping characteristics稳定调速率steady state speed governing rate 气缸体和气缸盖cylinder block and head气缸体cylinder block整体铸造cast inblock (cast enblock)发动机罩engine bonnet气缸体加强筋engine block stiffening rib气缸cylinder(转子机)缸体stator缸径cylinder bore气缸体机架cylinder block frame气缸盖cylinder head配气机构箱valve mechanism casing气缸体隔片cylinder spacer气缸盖密封环cylinder head ring gasket气缸盖垫片cylinder head gasket气缸套cylinder liner(cylinder sleeve)干式缸套dry cylinder liner湿式缸套wet cylinder liner气缸水套water jacket膨胀塞expansion plug防冻塞freeze plug气缸壁cylinder wall环脊ring ridge排气口exhaust port中间隔板intermediate bottum导板guideway创成半径(转子机)generating radius缸体宽度(转子机)operating width机柱column燃烧室combustion chamber主燃烧室main combustion chamber副燃烧室subsidiary combustion chamber预燃室prechamber涡流燃烧室swirl combustion chamber分开式燃烧室divided combustion chamber涡流式燃烧室turbulence combustion chamber半球形燃烧室hemispherical combustion chamber浴盆形燃烧室bathtub section combustion chamberL形燃烧室L-combustion chamber楔形燃烧室wedge-section combustion chamber开式燃烧室open combustion chamber封闭喷射室closed spray chamber活塞顶内燃烧室piston chamber爆发室explosion chamber燃烧室容积比volume ratio of combustion cahmber燃烧室口径比surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber 通道面积比area ratio of combustion chamber passage曲轴箱通气口crankcase breather凸轮轴轴承座camshaft bearing bush seat定时齿轮室罩camshaft drive(gear)cover曲轴箱检查孔盖crankcase door曲轴箱防爆门crankcase explosion proof door主轴承盖main bearing cap气缸盖罩valve mechanism cover飞轮壳flywheel cover扫气储器scavenging air receiver活塞piston裙部开槽活塞split skirt pistonU形槽活塞U-slot piston滚花修复活塞knurled piston圆顶活塞dome head piston平顶活塞flat head piston凸顶活塞crown head piston(convex head piston)凹顶活塞concave head piston阶梯顶活塞step-head piston筒形活塞trunk piston椭圆形活塞oval piston抗热变形活塞autothermic piston不变间隙活塞constant clearance piston镶因瓦钢片活塞invar strut piston直接冷却式活塞direct-cooled piston间接冷却式活塞indirect cooled piston滑裙活塞slipper piston活塞速度piston speed活塞顶部piston head活塞裙部piston skirt整体活塞裙solid skirt活塞裙扩大衬簧piston skirt expander滑履式活塞裙slipper skirt隔热槽heat dam活塞标记piston mark活塞销piston pin活塞销孔piston pin boss活塞销衬套piston pin bushing全浮式活塞销full-floating piston pin半浮式活塞销semifloating piston pin固定螺钉式活塞销set screw piston pin活塞环piston ring组合式活塞环compound piston ring同心活塞环concentric piston ring偏心活塞环eccentric piston ring自由环free ring闭合环closed ring梯形环keystone ring半梯形环half keystone ring矩形环rectangular ring油环oil control ring开槽油环slotted oil control ring螺旋弹簧加载双坡口油环coil spring loaded slotted oil control ring 涨环expander双坡口油环double bevelled oil control ring内上坡口internal bevel top内下坡口internal bevel bottom边缘坡口油环bevelled-ege oil control ring刮油环scrapper ring钩形环napier ring镀铬活塞环chrome plated piston ring活塞衬环piston ring expander活塞环槽piston ring groove活塞环区ring zone活塞环岸piston ring land活塞环内表面back of ring曲柄连杆机构connecting rod中心曲柄连杆机构central-located connecting rod 偏心曲柄连杆机构offset connecting rod铰接曲柄边杆机构hinged connecting rod连杆connecting rod连杆小头connecting rod small end连杆大头connnecting rod big end连杆杆身connecting rod shank副连杆slave connecting rod叉形连杆fork-and-blade connecting rod主连杆main connecting rod方形连杆boxed rod绞链式连杆hinged type connecting rod活节式连杆articulated connecting rod连杆盖connecting rod cap连杆轴承connecting rod bearing曲轴crankshaft整体式曲轴one-piece crankshaft组合式曲轴assembled crankshaft右侧曲轴right-hand crankshaft左侧曲轴left-hand crankshaft改变行程的曲轴stroked crankshaft曲轴前端crankshaft front end曲轴主轴颈crankshaft main journal轴颈重叠度shaft journal overlap圆角fillet主轴承main bearing曲轴止推轴承crankshaft thrust bearing薄臂轴瓦thin wall bearing shell曲轴油道crankshaft oil passage曲柄crank曲柄臂crank arm曲柄销crank pin轴套bush曲柄转角crank angle曲柄半径crank radius抛油圈oil slander角度轮degree wheel动平衡机dynamic balancer平衡重balancer weight扭振减振器torshional vibration damper扭振平衡器torsion balancer谐振平衡器harmonic balancer振动平衡器vibration balancer曲轴链轮crankshaft sprocket转子轴颈rotor journal偏心轴eccentric shaft曲轴箱crankcase闭式曲轴箱通风装置closed-crankcase ventilating system 飞轮flywheel飞轮齿圈flywheel ring gear飞轮芯棒cantilever飞轮芯轴flywheel spindle飞轮的惯量矩flywheel moment of inertia飞轮标记flywheel mark当量系统equivalent system当量轴长equivalent shaft length一级往复惯性力reciprocating inertia force,1st order二级往复贯性力reciprocating inertia force, 2nd order离心惯性力centrifugal inertia force配气机构valve gear凸轮轴camshaft凸轮cam整体式凸轮轴one-piece camshaft组合式凸轮轴assembled camshaft凸轮轴驱动机构camshaft drive赛车用凸轮轴race camshaft凸轮轴轴颈camshaft bearing journal凸轮轴轴承camshaft bearing凸轮轴偏心轮camshaft eccentric凸轮轴链轮camshaft sprocket凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing gear凸轮轴齿轮camshaft gear wheel进口凸轮inlet cam排气凸轮exhaust cam快升凸轮quick lift cam快升缓降凸轮quick lift gradual clsing cam凸轮轮廓cam contour凸轮包角cam angle凸轮升程cam-lobe lift凸轮尖cam nose凸轮从动件cam follower齿轮传动机构gear drive正时齿轮timing gear链传动机构chain drive链轮sprocket wheel链轮盘chain sprocket正时链条timing chain带齿皮带toothed timing belt链条张紧轮chain tension gear半速齿轮half speed gear正时齿轮刻印记号timing gear punch mark气门valve进气过程intake process换气过程gas exchange process扫气过程scavenging process给气比delivery ratio分层充气stratified charge充量系数volumetric efficiency涡流比swirl rate进气涡流intake swirl螺旋进气道进气helical duct intake导流屏式气门进气masked valve intake切向进气道进气tangential duct intake进气紊流intake trubulence进气提前角intake advance angle进气持续角intake duration angle进气迟后角intake lag angle进面值time-area value气门升程valve lift气门正时valve timing扫气口面积scavenging port area菌形气门mashroom valve, poppet valve钠冷却气门sodium filled valve(natrium cooled valve) 双气门dual valve进气门intake valve (suction valve,inlet valve)排气门exhaust valve顶置气门overhead valve侧置气门side valve倾斜气门inclined overhead valve直立气门vertical overhead valve套筒式滑阀sleeve valve气门机构valve gear直接式气门驱动机构direct valve gear间接式气门驱动机构indirect valve gear气门杆valve stem加大气门杆oversize valve stem气门头valve head气门工作面valve face气门边限valve margin气门弹簧座valve-spring retainer气门锁片valve key气门间隙调节螺钉valve lash adjusting screw气门旋转器valve rotator气门室valve cage气门油封valve oil seal气门口valve port气门座valve seat气门座镶圈(嵌镶式气门座圈)valve seat insert(valve seat ring) 气门座锥角valve seat angle气门座宽度valve seat width气门挺杆valve tappet(valve lifter)液力挺杆hydraulic tappet(lifter)无间隙挺杆zero-rush tappet (non-clearance tappet)筒形挺杆barrel type tappet油压挺杆ooil tappet滚轮挺杆roller tappet(lifter)挺杆转位tappet rotation排气门挺杆exhaust valve lifter气门导管valve guide气门杆导管stem guide气门重叠度stem overlap气门开启持续时间valve duration气门正时标记valve timing sign气门弹簧valve spring气门内弹簧inner valve spring气门外弹簧outer valve spring刚性缓冲弹簧stiff buffer spring上紧弹簧energizing spring防振气门弹簧non-surging spring弹簧座圈spring retainer蝶形弹簧belleville spring滚柱roller气门室盖valve chamber cover摇臂rocker arm高升程摇臂high lift rocker arm摇臂轴rocker arm shaft推杆push-rod摇臂支架rocker arm bracket气门摇臂室罩valve rocker chamber cover导向轮guide wheel导杆slide bar导轨slide rail张紧轮tensioning wheel链条张紧调节装置assembly chain tension adjuster张紧带轮tensioning pulley传动带张紧装置belt tensioner同步驱动皮带synchronous belt同步驱动皮轮synchronous belt pulley供油系fuel system控制燃烧系统controlled combustion system反湿气装置antipercolator电子燃油喷射electronic fuel injection蒸气回收装置vapor recovery system燃油蒸气回收系统fuel vapor recovery system液体回收装置liquid withdrawal system恒量净化管constant purge line碳罐净化管canister purge line供油量fuel delivery循环供油量fuel delivery per cycle额定供油量rated fuel delivery怠速供油量idling speed fuel delivery供油规律fuel supply rate curve油量调节装置fuel control unit供油提前角fuel supply advance angle进油计量inlet metering几何供油行程geometric fuel delivery stroke供油率fuel supply rate燃油通道fuel gallery有效行程effective stroke剩余行程remainder stroke变行程计量variable stroke metering等容卸载constant volume unloading变容卸载variable volume unloading收缩容积retraction volume燃油喷油装置fuel injection equipment燃油喷射泵fuel injection pump滚轮式燃油喷射泵roll fuel injection pump凸轮轴式燃油喷射泵camshaft fuel injection pump直列式燃油喷射泵in-line fuel injection pump伺服式燃油喷射泵servo fuel injection pump底部突缘安装燃油喷射泵base flanged mounted fuel injection pump 上部安装燃油喷射泵high flanged-mounted fuel injection pump侧向安装燃油喷射泵side-mounted fuel injection pump端部突缘安装式燃油喷射泵end flange-mounted fuel injection pump V形燃油喷射泵vee fuel injection pump脉动式燃油喷射泵jerk fuel injection pump螺纹安装燃油喷射泵screw-mounted fuel injection pump蓄能式燃油喷射泵accumulator fuel injection pump往复式燃油喷射泵reciprocating fuel injection pump驱动轴式燃油喷射泵driveshaft fuel injection pump单缸式燃油喷射泵single cylinder fuel injection pump圆柱式燃油喷射泵cylindrical fuel injection pump旋转式燃油喷射泵rotary fuel injection pump分配式燃油喷射泵distributor fuel injection pump多缸燃油喷射泵multicylinder fuel injection pump框架安装式燃油喷射泵cradle mounted injection pump喷油始点fuel injection beginning喷油终点fuel injection end喷油持续角fuel injection duration angle喷油延迟injection delay引燃喷射pilot injection启喷压力injection starting pressure峰值喷油扭矩peak injection torque峰值喷油压力peak injection pressure喷油泵油缸数目number of cylinders of an injection pump无气喷射solid injection喷射正时injection timing集中喷射group injection喷油器injector整体式喷油器unit injector喷嘴nozzle轴针式喷嘴pintle type nozzle环槽式喷嘴annular slot nozzle孔式喷嘴hole type nozzle长杆喷嘴long stem nozzle孔板式喷嘴orifice plate nozzle开式喷嘴open nozzle闭式喷嘴closed nozzle喷油提前器timing advance unit喷射泵壳体injection pump housing针阀needle芯轴central spindle喷嘴壳体nozzle body针阀升程needle lift喷嘴盖形螺母nozzle cap nut喷油器壳体nozzle holder突缘安装喷油器壳体flanged-mounted injection nozzle holder 燃油喷射泵传动装置transmision of an injection pump喷嘴锥体nozzle hole cone柱塞plunger柱塞套barrel柱塞行程plunger stroke喷孔spray orifice海拔控制器altitude control提前器飞锤flyweight喷孔长径比ratio of nozzle hole length nozzle diameter喷嘴液动力特性nozzle hydrokinetic characteristics动态相位dynamic phase喷孔面积nozzle hole area喷嘴流通特性nozzle flow characteristic喷油背压injection back pressure高压油管high pressure pipe平均喷油扭矩mean injection torque喷油总效率overall pumping efficiency峰值喷油压力injection peak pressure预行程prestroke收缩行程retraction stroke燃油箱fuel tank油箱盖fuel tank油位表fuel level gauge注油控制装置fill control system汽油箱gasoline tank( petrol tank)汽油供给管gasoline feed pipe加油管filler tube放油螺塞drain plug吸油管suction pipe刚性燃油管rigid fuel pipe进油孔fuel feed hole供油管supply pipe通气管bleeding pipe通气管bleeding pipe泄油阀spill valve泄油孔口spill port进油阀inlet valve最大油量限制器maximum fuel stop滴油dribble燃油表fuel gauge输油泵feed pump燃油泵fuel pump附装燃油箱中的电动燃油泵tank-mounted eletric fuel pump 机械式燃油泵mechanical fuel pump膜片式燃油泵diaphragm fuel supply pump叶片式供油泵vane fuel supply pump活塞式输油泵piston type fuel supply pump齿轮式输油泵gear fuel supply pump电动燃油泵eletric fuel pump带真空泵的汽油泵vacuum pump with fuel pump起动加油器primer起动给油杆primer lever燃油泵上体fuel pump body燃油泵下体fuel pump base燃油泵盖bowl cover进油口接头fuel inlet neck出油口接头fuel discharge port输出阀delivery valve泵油元件pump element回油阀部件fuel return valve assembly化油器carburetor化油器系统carburetor circuit简单化油器elementary carburetor单腔化油器single-barrel carburetor双腔并动化油器two-barrel dual carburetor双腔分动化油器two-barrel duplex carburetor四腔化油器four-barrel carburetor上吸式化油器updaught carburetor下吸式化油器downdraught carburetor平吸式化油器horizontal carburetor侧吸式化油器side-draft-carburetor高海拔补偿式化油器altitude compensating carburetor 化油器附加器adaptor carburetor双腔式化油器twin-choke carburetor固定喉管式化油器fixed venturi carburetor可变喉管化油器variable venturi carburetor化油器接头carburetor adaptor阻风门choke valve阻风活塞choke piston阻风板choke plate自动阻风门automatic choke阻风门拉钮choke button电控自动阻风门electric-assisted choke阻风管choke tube喉管venturi双重或三重喉管double & triple venturi阻风门拉线choke cable化油器小喉管booster venturi浮子系float system浮子float环形浮子annular float同心式浮子concentric float浮子支销float hinge pin浮子针阀float needle valve阀针valve needle浮子油面float level浮子臂float arm侧置浮子室式side float type怠速阀idle valve怠速针阀idle needle省油器economizer省油器阀economizer valve辅助空气阀auxiliary air-valve加速油井accelerating well加速泵accelerating pump加速泵喷嘴accelerating pump nozzle油门throttle手油门hand throttle节气门操纵手柄throttle control lever真空加浓器vacuum booster加浓器excess fuel device量孔体jet block怠速量孔idle metering jet主量孔main metering jet剂量阀活塞dosage valve piston空气量孔air jet燃油滤清器fuel filter沉淀杯sediment bowl串联过滤器in-line filter燃油箱内装过滤器in-tank filter调速器governor飞球式调速器flyball governor调速器governor飞球式调速器flyball governor液压调速器hydraulic governor真空转速调速器vacuum speed governor惯性调速器inertia governor离心调速器centrifugal governor调速器重锤governor weight空气滤清器及进排气系统air cleaner and intake and exhaust sytem 空气滤清器air filter冲压式空气滤清器ram air clearner恒温控制式空气滤清器thermostatic controlled air cleaner油浴式空气滤清器oil bath air cleaner纸质空气滤清器paper air clearner旋流管式空气滤清器swirl tube air filter滤清器滤芯filter element空气滤清器壳体air filter housing空气滤清器盖air filter cover滤清器密封圈filter seal ring滤网sieve滤纸盘或膜filter paper disc or membrane进气和排气系统intake and exhaust system排气管exhaust pipe排气抽气管exhaust extraction duct扫气泵scavenging pump进气预热装置intake preheater进气歧管intake manifold进气歧管真空度intake manifold vacuum冷式进气歧管cold manifold冲压式进气歧管ram intake manifold排气歧管exhaust manifold脉冲式排气歧管pulse exhaust manifold等压排气歧管constant pressrue exhaust manifold排气歧管热量控制阀exhaust manifold heat control valve超高度歧管high-rise manifold升温横跨管道heat crossover排气横跨管道exhaust crossover预热点hot spot阻风门加热器choke heater热空气导流管hot air duct隔热板heat shield排气再循环阀exhaust -gas-recirculation消声器silencer进气消声器intake silencer排气消声器exhaust silencer金属垫片式消声器steel pack muffler玻璃丝消声器glass pack muffler空洞消声器gutted muffler前排气管front exhaust pipe尾管tail pipe消声器联接管intermediate pipe热空气管hot air pipe曲轴箱通风管crankcase bleed pipe隔声罩acoustic hood进气消声器元件silencer element真空泵vacuum pump指示功率indicated power指示热效率indicated thermal efficiency指示油耗率indicated specific energy consumption示功图indicator diagram冷却系cooling system风冷air cooling水冷water-cooling循环流冷却系cooling recovery system自然循环液冷却系统natural circulation type cooling system热流循环液冷却系统thermo-siphon circulation type cooling system 温差循环液冷却系统gravity circulation water cooling system压力式水冷却系统positive circulation cooling system加压式冷却法pressure type cooling水泵循环冷却系统pump circulation cooling system强制循环式化冷系统forced-feed water circulation system 封闭式液冷系统sealed cooling system散热器radiator片式散热器finned radiator管式散热器tubular radiator蜂窝式散热器cellular radiator哈里逊式散热器Harrison type radiator带板式散热器ribbon type radiator上水箱upper tank下水箱lower tank涨溢箱expansion tank散热器芯radiator core之字形管散热器芯film core管-片式散热器芯fin and tube core散热器加水口盖radiator filter cap压力式水箱盖radiator-pressure cap蒸气-空气泄放阀vapor-air release valve散热器护罩radiator cowl散热器百叶窗radiator shutter散热器保温帘radiator roller blind散热片cooling fin缸盖散热片cylinder head fin缸体散热片cylinder block fin控温装置temperature regulating device恒温器thermostat恒温器主阀thermostat main valve恒温器旁通阀thermostat by-pass valve恒温器挠性波纹筒thermostat flexible bellows液体冷却设备liquid cooling equipment水泵water pump水泵体pump casing水泵叶轮water pump impeller旁通进水口water by-pass inlet neck循环泵circulating pump主进水口water main inlet port出水口water outlet port自调式水封self-adjusting seal unit溢流管overflow pipe导流板deflector风扇fan(blower)轴流式风扇axial flow fan离心式风扇centrifugal fan风扇壳体blower casing风扇导流罩fan cowl风扇毂fan hub风扇叶片fan blade风扇叶轮blower impeller风扇导流定子blower stator风扇皮带轮fan pulley三角皮带v-belt风扇护罩fan shroud风扇叶轮叶片impeller vane冷却用空气cooling air风扇导流叶片stator vane强制风冷forced-air cooling自然风冷natural air cooling风道air ducting润滑系lubrication system润滑lubrication气缸上部润滑upper cylinder lubrication 压力润滑pressure-feed lubrication压力润滑法forced lubrication自动润滑automatic lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑周期lubrication interval边界润滑borderline lubrication曲轴箱机油油盘crankcase oil pan油底壳oil pan机油盘放油塞sump plug集油器oil collector机油泵oil pump计量式机油泵metering oil pump齿轮式机油泵gear type oil pump转子式机油泵rotor-type oil pump机油泵出油管oil pump outlet pipe放油口oil drain hole油道oil duct断油开关cut-off cock机油散热器oil cooler机油滤清器oil filter机油粗滤器primary oil filter机油精滤器secondary oil filter全流式机油滤清器full-flow oil filter分流式机油滤清器by-pass oil filter离心式机油滤清器centrifugal oil filter 整体式滤芯integral filtering element细滤器滤芯filter element滤清器壳filter box滤片filtering disc机油减压器oil pressure relief valve旁通阀by-pass oil filter机油滤网oil strainer加机油孔oil filter cap滤芯轴filter shaft刮片组件cleaning edge机油量尺dipstick机油滤网oil strainer增压器supercharger增压和扫气装置pressure-charging and scavenging unit 增压装置supercharging device涡轮增压器turbo-charger气波增压器comprex pressure wave supercharger增压器阻风阀supercharger blast gate增压器调节容气量的旁通阀supercharger control bypass 增压器叶轮supercharger impeller惯性增压inertia supercharging机械增压mechanical supercharging涡轮增压turbo-charging增压比supercharge ratio增压压力boost pressure增压中冷inter-cooling中冷度inter-cooling level增压度supercharging level喘振surge喘振线surge line轴流式涡轮axial-flow turbine脉冲进气ram charging发动机试验engine test发动机试验规程engine test procedure发动机技术要求engine technical requirements标准大气状况standard atmospheric conditions大气压力atmospheric pressure进气温度inlet air temperature进气温度inlet air temperature功率校正power correction功率标定power rating功率换算power conversion校正系数correction factor换算系数performance test性能试验performance test起动性能试验starting ability test怠速试验idle running test道路负荷试验road load test各缸工作均匀性试验cylinder variation test背压试验back pressure test最低稳定工作转速试验lowest continuous speed test with load 背部泄漏试验back-leakage test调整试验adjustment test热平衡试验heat balance test快速磨损试验accelerated wear test热冲击试验thermo-shock test空载特性试验no-load characteristic test模拟增压试验simulated supercharging test停缸试验cylinder fuel-cut test增压机匹配试验turbo-charger matching test排气分析试验exhaust analysis test突变负荷试验sudden load change test稳定性试验stability test单缸熄火试验one cylinder shut off test例行检查试验routine inspection test验证试验verification test鉴定试验approval test可靠性试验reliability test耐久性试验durability test定型试验type approval test验收试验acceptance test现场试验field test出厂试验delivery test抽查试验spot check test复查试验re-check test台架试验bench test强化试验hop-up test发动机试验台engine test bed底盘测功机chassis dynamometer测功机dynamometer水力测功机hydraulic dynamometer电涡流测功机eddy current dynamometer电力测功机electric dynamometer扭矩仪torque meter转速表tachometer温度测量thermometry温度测量仪器thermometric instruments空气流量测量air flow measurement热线风速仪hot wire anemometer电子示功仪electronic indicator燃烧分析仪combustion analyzer压力传感器pressure transducer精密声级计precision sound level meter排放emission排放物emission排气污染物gaseous pollutant蒸发排放物evaporative emission曲轴箱排放物crankcase emission漏气blowby gas氨氧化物oxids of nitrogen一气化碳carbon monoxide碳氢化合物hydrocarbon甲烷methane无甲烷碳氢化合物non-methane hydrocarbons光化学活性碳氢化合物photochemically reactive hydrocarbons 微粒物particulated matter黑烟black smoke蓝烟blue smoke白烟white smoke碳烟soot光化学烟雾smog臭味odor丙烷propane排放浓度concentration of emission排气烟度exhaust smoke先期排气initial exhaust亚临界排气subcritical exhaust超临界排气supercritical exhaust强制排气forced exhaust自由排气free exhaust排气提前角exhaust advance angle排气迟后角exhaust lag angle排气热损失exhaust heat loss排气净化exhaust purification排气背压exhaust back pressure残余废气residual gas排气有害成分poisonous exhaust composition柴油机排烟diesel smoke综合排放浓度composite concentration of exhaust emission综合排放质量composite mass of exhaust emission排放系数emission factor排放率emission index质量排放量mass emission比排放量brake specific emission排放物控制系统emission control system排气排放物控制系统exhaust emission control system二次空气secondary air二次空气分配歧管secondary air distribution二次空气控制阀secondary air control valve二次空气转换阀secondary air switching valve。
CMA重要术语
美国注册会计师协会
American Options Amortization
Annual Report
Annuity Antidumping
Application Controls
Appraisal costs Appreciation
Arbitrage Pricing Theory
Chart of Accounts
会计科目表
Client/Server Systems
客户端/服麵式
Coefficient of Variation Collateral Commercial Bank Commercial Paper Commitment Fee Common Stock
变异系数 抵押品 商业银行 商业票据 承诺费 普通股
信贷息差
关键成功因素 需求的交叉弹性
Cumulative Average-Time Learning Model Currency Swap Current Account Current Assets Current Cost Current Liability Current Ratio Current Yield Customer Satisfaction Customer Profitability Cycle Time Data Encryption Data Mining Data Warehouse Days Purchases in Accounts Payable Days Sales in Inventory Days Sales Outstanding Debt Ratio Debt Security Decentralization Decision Support System Decision Tree Declining-Balance Method Default Risk Deferred Deferred Expenses Deferred Revenue Deferred Income Taxes
车辆工程汉英法三相大词典
中文 英文 法文(安全)可以调整高度的儿童座位child's safety with built-in booster seat siege enfant a rehausse(de securite)(安全带)带扣 buckle (safety belt) boucle(de ceinture de securite)(安全带)带扣插片,锁止板latch plate(gb) pene(安全带)最高系绳 top tether (safety belt)sangle superieure (de ceinture desecurite)(按照需要/及时)股票交换 stockchasing (just requisite/just in time)chasse aux stocks (juste necessaire/justea temps)(板金作业)卷边edge rive(被解雇后的)新职介绍 outplacement reconversionexterne(比例,刻度)尺scale calamine (变速杆)转动架turret (gear change)couvercle de b.v.(变速器)档位及外部温度显示器 gear and outside temperature displayafficheur rapport de boite et temperatureexterieure(变速器)换档拔叉selector fork fourchette de boite de vitesses (变速器)取力器,动力输出装置power take-off(pto)prise de force(变速器)转向管柱式变速(换档)column shift decalage de colonne(变速器换档)触销striker pene(变速箱)换档位置图,档位图shift pattern (gearbox)loi de passage (bv)(变压器初级和次级绕组之间的)塑料护罩plastic protective sheathing gaine de protection en plastique(标准偏差)平均偏差 standard deviationecart moyen quadratique (ecart-type)(statistique)(表示零件装配位置的)分解图exploded view vue eclatee (玻璃)色斑 colored spot point colore(玻璃纤维)稀松平纹织物scrim fabric jersey(薄板)初退火, 粗退火black annealing premier recuit(薄板加工)修平smoothing lissage(材料的)拉毛表面 napped surface (of material) facepelucheuse(de matiere)(采购)断电器费用 trans-shipment (procurement) rupturedecharge(approvisionnement)(采购)再加工费用trans-shipment (procurement)reprise de charge (approvisionnement)(草图)示意图 sketch schema(croquis,esquisse)(侧面)接合,连接,缝合 tail ored(blanks) raboutes(flans)(层压品表面的)树脂条痕 resin streak(excess resin in the surface of areinforced plastic)coulure (trainee de resine sur unplastique renforce)(插头)端子 terminal (plug) borne(fiche de prise de conrant)(产量)上升 step up (production) augmenter(production)(长)行程 travel (long) debattement(a grand)(车)没有标记的 unmarked (vehicle) banalise(vehicule)(车)移出,取出 take off (vehicle)decollage du vehicule (tout debut deroulage)(车穿,道路)转弯bend virage (车窗安装)粘结材料bonding mastic mastic de collage (vitre fixe)(车的)尾部 tail/tail-end/rear (of vehicle) arriere(de vehicule)(车间)画线机(器) scriber instrumentdetracage(车间)画线机(器)scriber trusquin (车间)喷沙(器)sand blast sabler(车辆)侧面防护(装置)side protector baguette laterale(车辆)侧面防护(装置)side protector protection laterale(车辆)侧面防护带side protecton strip baguette laterale(车辆)侧面防护带组side protecton strips bandes de protections laterales(车辆)侧面防护嵌条side protecton moulding baguette de protection laterale(车辆)侧面加强杆side impact bar barre de renfort laterale(车辆)侧面碰撞side impact choc lateral(车辆)出厂预检,交车前检验pre-delivery inspection mise a disposition clientele(madc)(车辆)大修,解体检修 service revision(vehicule)(车辆)弹性试验elasticity test essaid elasticite(车辆)道路的适用性 roadworthiness comportementroutier(车辆)底盘;底板;机架,框架 chassis baseroulante(车辆)短轴距,高顶远视车short wheelbase,high-roof van version(lcv)fourgon court a pavillon sureleve (pvu)(车辆)儿童约束(保护)系统child restraint sistems sieges et harnais enfants(车辆)进/出功能ingress/egress function (vehicle)(us)accessibilite(vehicule)(车辆)曲线(转弯)行驶cornering prise de virages(车辆)上下容易,进出方便ease of entry and exit accessibilite (vehicule)(车辆)试验行驶,试驾test drive essai (conduite d'essai)(车辆)适用于道路上行驶的roadworthy apte a la mise en circulation(车辆)行驶避免碰撞collsion avoidance evitement de collision(车辆)已报废的 scrapped horsusage(车辆)原地起步,从静止状态起步standing start depart arrete (da)(车辆)载客量 seating capacity(vehicle)nombre de places assises (vehicule)(车辆/碰撞)抗撞性能crashworthiness resistance a la collision(车辆车轮的)外侧最小回转turing circle between kerbs(kerb-to-kerb)diametre de braquage entre trottoirs直径(车辆的)自重 unladen weight poids a vide(车辆等)做u形转弯u-turn demi-tour (车辆或车辆动力学)纵倾,纵向角振动,俯仰振动pitching tangage(车辆碰撞)碰撞状况crash behaviour comportement a la collision(车辆事故)撞于,与 相撞crash into entrer en collision avec(车轮)打滑,空转slippage ripage(车轮)辐板,轮辐 plain disc(brake) disqueplein(prein)(车轮)隔离胶 squeegee raclette(车轮)前束 toe-in pincement(positif)(车轮)下沉 sinking(of steering wheel)(test) enfoncement(volant)(essai)(车轮)转向角 steerangle angle de braquage(车门)开度限制器条check strap tirant de porte(车门/车身)关门(时产生的)噪音closing noise bruyance de fermeture(车身)保险杠用螺钉screws for securing bumper vis pour la liaison bouclier(车身)侧嵌条 side moulding enjoliveur de bandeau(车身)侧裙(挡)板side apron bavolet(车身)侧围 sidewall flanc(车身)侧围板 side panel ridelle(车身)车顶纵梁cantrail brancard de pavillon(车身)车颈板 cowl panel tablier(车身)断面 section section (车身)防飞石装置stone shield bouclier(车身)后围板 rear end panel jpue arriere(车身)滑动(太阳)天窗sliding sunroof toit ouvrant coulissant(车身)滑动门 sliding door porte louvoyante(车身)滑动式侧门sliding side door porte laterale coulissante(车身)滑动天窗sliding roof toit ouvrant(车身)流水槽,檐板;壁带cornice corniere (车身)流线型 stream lined profile(车身)流线型 streamline rationaliser (车身)流线型车轮阀streamlined wheel trim enjoliveur de roue aerodynamique(车身)流线型门镜 streamlined door mirror retroviseurprofile(车身)内饰件边upholstery border rebord de garniture interieure(车身)前围(车颈)上盖板cowl top dessus d auvent(车身)前围上通风格栅板cowl vent grille grille d auvent(车身)强壮,坚固solid state appearance robustesse (carrosserie)(车身)上部入口upper body entrance entr?e superieure(车身)楔形的 wedge-shaped coin(en)(车身,车架)矫正(直)straighten redresser (车身,车架)矫正产品straightened product produit redresse(车身,车架)校平装置straightener raidisseur(车身/车窗)密封条 weatherstrip caoutchoucd'etancheite(车身/车窗)密封条 weatherstrip jointd'etancheite(车身/车门)门槛,踏脚板rocker panel bas de caisse(车身/发动机)整流罩,导流罩;罩,装罩;(仪表)罩cowling coquille(车身/驾驶室)帆布篷顶canvas top capote en toile(车身/碰撞)变形区crumple zone zone deformable(车身底部)顶jacking point point d'appui du verin升点(位置)(车叶)滑移角 slip angle(tire) derive(pneu)(承担)事情,事业 undertakement (undertake) entreprise(entreprendre)(齿轮)(传动)链 train (gearing)(transmission) harnais(transmission)(齿轮)减速 step-down(the gear) retrograder(les vitesses)(齿轮)咬接 scrffing(piston)usure par frottement (piston)(齿轮传动)啸(嘎嘎)声whine sirenement (齿轮的)节径,pitch diameter diametre primitif(齿状)端环槽脊 top land (tooth) face(dent)(出风)测试段 test section (wind tunnel) veine(soufflaerie)(处理)应力扩张 stress reliveving(treatment) traitementded?tente(传输)驾驶移动链 transfer chain drive/down box(transmission)descente (boiter)(transmission)(传送)高速挡 top gear (transmission)rapport de vitesse le plus eleve (transmission)(船)桨板 (螺旋桨)叶片blade pale(磁带)快进,快速向前[ff]fast forward avance rapide(催化剂)熄灯 light-off(catalyst) amorcage(catal yseur)(带)花键的 splined cannele (带)松弛部分 slack (belt) detendue(courroie)(单格)蓄电池,原电池,光电管(元件)cell(battery) element(batterie)(弹簧)线性刚度strain rate vitesse de deformation(挡板)上部范围top ledge plage superieure (bouclier)(道路)边坡 slope inclinaison(地环)附着极限 boundary of adhesion (ground link) limited'adherence(laison au sol)(地面)驾驶倾斜 under steering gradient (ground unk)dynamique angulaire (taux desous-virage)(liaison au sol)(地面连接)转弯时节气门放弃 throttle release while cornering (groundlink)lever de pied en virage (liaison au sol)(点火系)断电器触点螺钉,触断器contact breaker vis platinee(点火系)真空提前装置vacuum-advance mechanism regulateur a depression(电池)补充充电 boost charge (battery) chargerapide(batterie)(电磁)波束宽度beam angle potence(电动机)步进马达stepping motor moteur pas a pas(电机)集电环,滑环collector ring bague collectrice(电缆)线束 set/lining enveloppe(garniture) de piece(电缆/管子)挤压连接,压接crimped connection sertir(电气)并联 connected in parallel branche en parallele(电气)短路 short circuit court-circuit(电气)扼流圈 choke coil bobine d arret/bobine de fil trage(电器)触点跳动contact bounce rebondissement de contact(电器)电刷,碳刷,滑动接触电刷contact brush charbon(电器)端子 terminal borne(电器)接触腐蚀contact wear usure par contact(电器)接触器,触点,开关contactor contacteur(电器)接地,通地earthing mise ala terre(电器)接地,通地(英)earthing (gb)mise ala masse(电容器)定片 stator reacteur(convertisseur)(电线)束,捆 bundle(of wires) botte(de fils)(电压)峰值 spike dentd'impulsion(电子)公告牌系统/面包板系统(bbs) bulletin board system/bread board system(bbs)systeme telematique a haute vitesse(电子)自感(应)self-induction auto-induction(电子学)薄膜(层)的 thin film (transmission electronicmicroscopy (tem))lame mince (microscopie electronique partransmission (met))(吊艇用的)艇架,吊艇柱coat hanger hook(us) porte-manteau(吊艇用的)艇架,吊艇柱coat-rack/hanger porte-manteau (调查表)做记号tick in the box (questionnaire)cocher dans la case (questionnaier)(对的)极限 bordering on limite (a la limite de)(二冲程发动机)汽缸壁换气口side port transfert lateral(二冲程发动机)曲轴箱扫气crankcase scavenging balayage par carter pompe(二挡/三挡)加速运转噪音boom during acceleration (2nd/3nd gears)bourdonnement en acceleration(2e/3e)(二挡/四挡)减速运转噪音boom during deceleration (2nd/4nd gears)bourdonnement en deceleration(2e/4e)(发动)机舱,机器间engine compartment compartiment moteur(发动机)充气损失charge loss perte de charge(发动机)换气 breathing respiration (发动机)冷(机)起动cold starting demarrage a froid a la manivelle(发动机)冷(起动,冷机时转动曲轴)cold cranking demarrage a froid a la manivelle(发动机)冷却液cooling liquid liquide de refroidissement(发动机)连杆 conrod bielle (发动机)曲轴 crankshaft vilebrequin (发动机)燃烧过程combustion process phenomene de combustion(发动机)燃烧效率combustion efficiency rendement de combustion(发动机)上止点 top dead centre (tdc) pointmorthaut(发动机)停止杆stop lever levier d'arret(发动机)压缩试验compression test essai de compression(发动机)直列式四缸引擎straight four engine moteur a quatre cylindres en ligne(发动机)转矩抖动torque jolt a-coup de couple(发动机)转矩突变torque jerk a-coup de couple(发动机)阻风门控制choke control commande volet depart(发动机的)工作转速operating speed vitesse de regime(发动机的)一次回转(起动时)加速(发动机等)转速加快转速rev the engine emballer le moteur(发动机混合气)理论配比的stoichiometric stoechiometrique (发动机混合器)汽化(作用),混合气体形成carburetion carburation(发动机机油)搅动损失churning losses pertes par turbulence(方向盘)辐条 steering wheel spoke branche (volant)(方向盘上的)(可以来回震动的)锁止动 locking(lash returnability oscillations)(steering)clavetage de direction(flou,rappel,rendulage)(防护)屏,护板shield bavolet (防震或填缝用的)软垫,衬垫pad bourrelet(放气用)带孔螺钉bleed screw vis de purge(分包,外委)使用,服务 subcontracting prestation(sous-traitance)(风箱)断裂,破裂 tear (bellows) rupture(soufflets)(概念)轻便型车窗 portable window(design) fenetre-hublot(style)(刚性)固定的 stiffened rigidifie(钢铁)混铁炉式盛铁桶 torpedo ladle (iron and steel) poche-melangeur(siderurgie)(高炉)出铁场, 铸造浇注场;铸造车间casting house halle de coulee(高温)回火 tempered (heat treatment) revenu(adj.)(traitement thermique)(高温)回火 tempering (heat treatment) revenu(traitement thermique)(工程)拱顶 turret touret (工会会员)积极分子union activist militant (syndicaliste)(工具)研制,调整try-out mise au point (outil)(工效学)(司机选择性注意)容器渠道负载论 selective attention tehory (driver)(ergonomics)theorie de capacite de canal(concentration selective du conducteur)(ergonomie)(工效学)检修改道sideways glancing(ergonomics)detournement du regard (ergonomie)(工效学)任务终止 task related pause (ergonomics) pausenecessaire(ergonomie)(工效学)视线 sightline/line of sight(ergonomics)ligne de visse (ergonomie)(工业等造成的)危害保险费(岗位)conditions payment premium prime de nuisance(poste de travail)(公差)等级 step (tolerancing) deport(tolerancement)(公差)定位 position(tolerancing) localisaton(tolerancement)(公差)实际几何图 true geometrical profile (tolerancing)forme geometrique correcte(tolerancement)(公车)上甲板/顶板 top deck/upper deck (bus) imperiale(d'autobus)(公共交通)环形行程,沿闭合路线的行程round-trip(us) aller-retour(公共汽车后部乘客站立的)平台platform plate-forme(公共市场)负载单schedule of conditions (public contracts)cahier des charges (marches publics)(公路)直达交通(运输)through traffic circulation de transit(共享/发布)不平均 unfair (sharing / distributing) inequitable(repartition)(构词过程中)模版 template (semi-structured wordprocessing)feuille de style (traitement de textesemi-structure)(鼓式制动器的)领蹄primary shoe segment primaire(关节)活动 travel / (clearance) debattement/(garde)(管道)金属丝,导线 tube fil(tube)(管道测试)试验样品test tube eprouvette (tube a essai)(管理机构)局,处,科,司,所 bureau delegationgenerale(惯性)滑行,滑下coast marcher au debraye(光导)纤维 fibre (gb) fibre(广告)取得所有权 take ownership (advertising) appropriation(publicite)(国际标准)统一标准螺纹unified screw thread (iso inch)filetage iso en inch (filetage un)(过程)严格的 strict (strict procedure) rigoureux(procedure rigoureuse)(横)切的,交叉的secant secante (后期)税务赤字延期tax loss carryback report de deficit fiscal (en arriere)(化油器)喉管 venturi tube venturi(化油器)空气量孔air correction jet gicleur de compensation(环绕)挡风玻璃 surround (windscreen) bordure(pare-brise)(幻灯)彩色透明片colour transparency diachromie(挥发物的)凝雾fogging volatilite des plastifiants(绘图)视图 sectional drawing coupe (vue en coupe)(dessin)(活动盖板的)开启方向handing (hinged panels) accrochage(ouvrants)(活塞)气环,压缩环compression ring segment de compression(活塞)敲缸(声)slapping claquement (火花塞)放电间隙spark gap (spark plug)ecartement des electrodes (bougie)(货车)警察 sleeping policeman casse-vitesse(货车)双排座驾驶室crew cab cabine appofondie(v.u.type trafic)(货物、商品等)库存的,现成的(货物、商品等)在库存中无需修改、修饰而现成可用的或与此有关的off-the-shelf disponible sur stock(机器)安装 set up installer (monter une machine)(机器)发出尖锐刺耳的声音 scream(power steering pump) heulement(pompe da)(机器)坏了,故障out of order hors service (hs)(机器)契约 utilization engagement(machine)(机器等的)分解图exploded view eclate (dessin)(机器人技术)学徒 teach-in apprentissage(robotique)(机械)安全装置safety device surete (dispositif)(机械)弯曲,屈曲,弯曲度bending flexion (挤压)连皮 slug (extrusion) billette(extrusion)(挤压)裂缝 slot-die,slit-die (extrusion)filiere droite plate (extrusion)(计划)标题框 title block cartouche (plan)(计划等)实现;举行come off enlever(s)(计算机)控制器,控制单元(模块,组件)control unit boitier de commande(计算机)软件,软设备software logiciel (计算机)软件锁定器software lock verrou logiciel(技术上的)设备说明 statement of requirements (for a technicalspecification)expression des exigences (pour un cdc)(加)下划线 underline souligner (加工轧辊)凸面crown (tooling roll) bombement(d un cylindre d outillage)(加速赛)起跑位;快速直道路段;减速伞chute goulotte (加油箱) cap cradle(fuel filler) supportbouchon(carburant)(价值,叉形)框架 bracket encadrer(une valeur, par fourchette)(驾驶)回转圈数turns lock-to-lock(steering)nombre de tours de volant (direction)(驾驶噪音)喇叭噪音 trumpet noist (power steering noise)bruit de trompette (bruit de directionassistee)(检测)螺纹测量 threaded gauge (inspection) baguefiletee(controle)(检验路面用的)直尺(规)straight edge (tolerancing) regle(tolerancement)(建筑物)桁架,钢梁 truss (construction) contre-fiche/ferme(construction)(交通)前后两车相隔时间 time headway (th)(traffic) tempsintervehiculaire(tiv)(circulation)(轿车)帆(防水)布篷顶canvas roof capote en toile(金属)卡紧 sintered fritte(metal)(金属)连续铸造continuous casting coulee continue(金属)裂纹尖端(冶金学)crack tip(metallurgy)extremite de fissure(metallurgie)(金属)片,长条 strip(metal) lame(de metal…)(金属)应力腐蚀stress corrosion corrosion sous contraintes(金属表面)蚀洗用涂料wash primer impression chromato-phosphatante(金属表面的)结疤 scab (foundry/iron and steel) croute(fonderie/ siderurgie)(金属薄板的)翻边,折边flanged (sheet metal) a bord rabattu(tole)(金属等)弯曲(加工)bending cintrage(金属镀)衬里,涂层,内衬plating revetement(metallique)(警察)呼气测醉试验breathalyser test alcotest(静态)累计相对频率 cumulative relative frequency (statistic) frequencecumulee(statistique)(锯)齿状的 serrated adents (抗)缓速块(anti-)speed bump gendarme couch? (ralentisseur)(可)操纵性 steerability directibilite(可依赖)良好状态时间 up time(dependability)temps de disponibilite (surete defonctionnement)(可依赖)流动资产状况 up state (dependability)etat de disponibilite (surete defonctionnement)(可允许的)棱边线,边缘线edge line (tolerancing) contour(tolerancement)(客车车门)关闭(车门用的)气缸closing cylinder cylindre de fermeture(客厢)分开式可折叠后排座椅split folding rear bench seat banquette arriere fractionnable(客厢)肘(可自由活动的)空间elbow room largeur aux coudes(空)腔,空穴,气孔;牟槽,凹处;气蚀区cavity retassure(空调)出风口,通风口air outlet/a.c.outlet(hevac system) aerateur(climatisation)(空调)吸入压力 suction pressure (air conditioning) bassepression(air conditionne)(空气对流)加热装置heater unit aerotherme(孔,列,封)口slot barbonniere (冷却水)水箱water jacket chambre d'eau(离合器)藕合转速;换档时车速cut -in speed vitesse de conjonction(离合器/制动器)引起颠簸的突然结合而发出的噪音grabbing noise broutement(连接,主)轴 spindle fuseau(连续铸造)股 strand (continuous casting) ligne(de coulee continue)(流量/通量)生产率 throughput cadence(debit/flux)(路面上的)涡穴, 坑洞pot hole nid de poule(轮毂上)花键 serration cannelure(sur moyeu)(轮胎)爆破 break-out branchement(faisceau)(轮胎)发出啸声 squeal (tyre noise) crissement(bruit de pneu)(轮胎)连接叉 tread (tyre) chape(pneu)(轮胎)帘线;绳索;电线,电源线,橡胶包线cord cordon de raccordement(轮胎)噼啪声,龟裂cracks brisures (轮胎)胎圈 bead (of tyre) accrochage(talon) de pneu(轮胎)中央(纵向)花纹条centering rib nervure de centrage(轮胎)驻波 standing wave onde stationnaire(轮胎)转弯方向应力,侧面反作用力cornering force stabilite laterale(轮胎/路面)印痕面积;(铆钉,轴承等)计算工作面积projected area surface de moulage(螺钉)(尾部)截断圆锥顶点 truncated cone point (end)(screw) boutpilote(cylindro-tronconique)(vis)(螺钉)拧松,松开 slacken,loosen(screw) desserrer(vis)(螺钉)锥端 cone point bout pointeau(螺钉)锥端 cone point (end)(screw) boutpointu(vis)(螺钉类)螺纹 thread (threaded fasteners) filet(visserie)(螺栓)方头,四角头square head tete carree(螺栓)加强杆 increased shank tige ajustable(螺纹的)螺距误差, (齿轮的)周节误差,(啮合的)节距误差pitch error erreur de pas(螺纹的)中径pitch diameter diametre de base sur flanc(螺纹的)中径(通过边沿的直径)pitch diameter(diameter across edges)diametre sur flancs(马达上的)消音器muffler silencieux (铆钉/螺钉)沉头,埋头countersunk head tete fraisee(美)(汽车)摇晃 sway (vehicle)(us) balancement(du vehicule)(美)(协议的)条款 term (of an agreement)(us) clause(terme)(d'un contrat)(美)安全带固safety belt anchorage (us)ancrage ceinture de securite定(美)备胎架 spare wheel cradle(us)berceau roue de secours (美)备用轮胎 spare tire(us)roue de secours(美)变速器 transmission (us)boite de vitesses (bv)(美)不平整的道路rough road ride(us)comportement sur mauvaise route(vehicule)(美)车窗开闭调节器window regulator (us) leve-vitre(美)车窗开闭调节器手柄window regulator crank (us)manivelle de leve-vitre(美)车的容量 trunk volume (us)volume de coffre (a bagages)(美)车顶 top (us) toit(美)车辆技术检查 technical inspection of in-service vehicles(as)controle technique des vehicules enservice (av)(美)车门下围板rocker panel(us) bavolet (美)车身〔用千斤顶〕顶起位置body jacking location (us)appui de cric(美)车尾行李箱盖trunk lid(us)porte de malle(美)乘坐舒适性boulevard ride (us)comportement en ville (vehicule)(美)触发器 toggle (us) tirant(articulation de)(美)传送安装设备transmission mount support (us)support de tampon de boite de vitesses (美)大梁,侧梁siderail(us) longeron (美)挡板 shield(us) ecran (美)登记板 registration plate(us)plaque de police(美)底涂层保护undercoating protection (us)protection sous caisse(美)发动机架,发动机地面托架 engine cradle (us) berceaumoteur(美)发动机罩下的安装under-hood installation(us)implantation sous capot(美)防侧顷杆传感器 sway bar power take-off sensor (us)capteur de prise de mouvement sur barreanti-devers (suspil)(美)分动箱 transfer case (4wd)(us) boite-transfert(4×4)(美)风挡,挡风玻璃windshield (us) pare-brise(美)风挡柱 windshieldpillar(us) montant(pilier) de pare-brise (美)风隙噪声 wind noise (us) bruitd'air(美)公益,福利;福利事业welfare(us) securitesociale(aide sociale)(美)刮水器挤锌辊wiper wipe(us) essuie-vitre(美)挂环 tow ring (us) anneauderemorquage (美)挂环修理 tow ring fixing (us)fixation anneau de remorquage(美)规定(签订协定,订立协定)provision (of an agreement)(us) clause(terme)(d'un contrat)(美)横拉杆 tie bracket (us) anneaud'arrimage (美)后轮反作用连杆rear wheel reaction link(gb)articulation de tirant de roue arriere(美)后轮反作用连杆rear wheel reaction link(gb)tirant de roue arriere (articulation de)(美)货舱 trunk (us)coffre a bagages(美)货舱地面板trunk floor pan(us)plancher de coffre arriere (berline)(美)货舱地毯 trunk carpet(us)tapis de coffre a bagages(美)加长汽车内部加长的汽车 station wagon (us) break(vehicule)(美)减速 step-down(us) demissionner (美)轿车,普通轿车sedan(us) tricorps (美)硫磺 sulfur(us) soufre (美)轮胎 tire(us) pneu (美)轮胎架 tire iron(us) demonte-pneu (美)轮胎噪声 tire noise (us)bruit des pneus(美)轮胎周长 tire circumference (us)developpement des pneumatiques(美)满煤桶 scuttle(us) bouclier(avant,faisant auvent)(美)免费电话号码 toll-free number (us) vert(numero)(美)盘存,作评价taken inventory (us) inventaire (美)配线附件 wiring attachment (us) fixationcablages (美)气障,气阻(化油器)vapor-lock (us)(carburetion)bouchon de vapeur (carburation)(美)人行道 pavement(us) chaussee (美)人行道 sidewalk(us) trottoir(美)散热器底部软管raidator bottom hose(gb) burit(e)inferieure de radiateur(美)上部挡风梁upper windshield cross member(us)traverse superieure de baie avant(美)上部散热器管upper radiator hose (us) durit(e) superieure de radiateur(美)栓系杆 tie down bracket (us)anneau d'arrimage oriente vers le bas(美)套筒扳手 socket-wrench(us) cle(f) a couille(美)铁道盖 trunk lid(us)couvercle de coffre a bagages(美)停走式城市旅行stop and go city ride (us)comportement en ville (vehicule)(美)拖钩 tow hook(us) crochetderemorquage (美)拖拽 towing (us) remorquage(美)尾部悬挂 rear suspension(us) berceauarriere(美)纬〔线〕(纺织);织物;woof yarn (us)(fabric)fil de trame (tissus)(美)纬〔线〕(纺织);织物;基本材料woof (us) trame(tissu)(美)下层结构,基础 understructure(us) berceauarriere(美)下引擎盖 underhood (us) sous-capot (美)谐振器 resonator(us)pot de d?tente(美)悬挂圈闭层 suspension housing (us) chapelled'amortisseur(美)仪表板 fascia(us) bouclier (美)遮阳板 sunshield(us) storepare-soleil (美)转向灯 turn signal (us) clgnotant(美)转向节 steering knuckle (us)fusee de direction(美)转向器壳 steering box(us)carter de direction(美)装载设备 stowage(us) arrimage(美国)淬火 quench(ing)(us) trempe(metallurgie)(美国)高级汽油, 优质汽油premium gasoline(us) super(essence)(猛加速时)发动机的下沉 engine sag(us)a-coup moteur (en accelerationimportant)(瞄准)名义(价)值,票面价值target value valeur nominale (visee)(明细表) feature (bill of materials) fonctionelementaire(nomenclatures)(模塑)溢料 spew,flash(plastic moulding) bavure(moulage plastiques)(模型)加工用模型tooling aid modele d'outillage (maquette)(模制, 浇铸)cavity block plate(moulding) plaqueporte-empreinte(moulage)(摩托车)前伸角castor angle angle de chasse(磨料)刚玉,金刚砂,氧化铝corundum corindon (木工)补塞 blank off bouchonner(内部设施)挂衣钩,衣帽钩(美国)coat hanger hook(us) patere(内部设施)树瘤-核桃木burr walnut loupe d orme(内部设施)树瘤-核桃木(装饰, 修饰)burr walnut(embellishment)ronce de noyer (habillage)(内燃机)点火正时spark timing reglage de l'allumage(耐)火泥;耐火土/耐火粘土熟料fire clay / fireclay argile refractaire(排放)碳(黑)烟soot suie(排气分析)标准气 sapn gas (calibration gas) gazetalon(排气分析)量距气sapn gas (calibration gas)gaz de reference(排气分析)取样探头sampling probe sonde d'echantillonnage(盘式制动器)制动衬块brake pad (disc brake)plaquette de frein (frein a disques)(跑道的)一圈 lap tour(de circuit)(喷油泵)出油阀;单向阀check valve clapet anti-retour(喷油泵)出油阀;单向阀check valve clapet de retenue(喷油泵)调节齿杆;控制仪表架,操纵台control rack baie de commande(喷油器)挺杆 spindle broche(平的)自〔行〕攻〔丝〕的螺钉/攻丝螺钉型尖(flat)end for self-tapping xcrew/tappingscrew type b pointbout plat de vis ? t?le端(漆膜)划格法附着力试验adhesion by cross-cut test(paint coating)adherence par quadrillage(peinture)(起动机)起动电流cranking current courant de demarrage(起止锁作用的)凸舌垫圈tab washer rondelle frein(气缸盖)气门座圈valve seat insert siege rapporte de soupape(气候试验)(人工,模拟)气候室climatic cabinet chambre climatique(气门嘴)密封帽sealing cap bonnette d'etancheite(气体)膨胀室[箱]expansion chamber vase d expansion(气体,液体)流stream filiere (汽)作高速转弯negotiate the bends negocier les virages(汽车)保险杠挡块overrider,bufer banane(汽车)超车,抢挡cut in enclencher(s)(汽车)的过度转向oversteering survirage (汽车)仪表板,前围板dashboard planche de bord(汽车)转向臂,转向摇臂pitman arm bielle pendante(汽车车身)尺寸,大小 sweep (body engineering) calibre(carrosserie)(汽车车主等的)纳税证票ownership tax vignette(汽车的)后排座位bench seat banquette(汽车的)前窗挡板scuttle tablier (汽车的)行李箱顶盖decklid couvercle de malle(汽车底部)防滑保护板引擎skidplate under engine ski sous moteur(汽车顶上的)electric sunroof toit ouvrant electrique电子活动顶篷 (汽车发动机)不起动,发动不起来 misfire rates(faire des)(汽车发动机的)连杆头big end (connection rod)tete de bielle(汽车减震器噪音/声学) "glogloting"(shock absorbernoise/acoustics)gloglottement(bruitd'amorisseur/acoustique)(汽车声学)消声材料sound-deadening material insonorisant(汽车转向管)柱转换 column switchcommandes groupees au volant(commodo)(汽笛)发出尖锐刺耳的声音 scream(power steering noise)hurlement de pompe (bruit de directionassistee)(汽流/车身)升起rear end lift delestage sur train arreier(汽油的)研究法辛烷值(研究法辛烷值)research octane number(ron)indice d'octane recherche(汽油机)单点电力喷射single-point electronic injection injection electronique monopoint(牵引车/挂车)脱钩breakup desagregation (前轮)转向操作机构[转向装置]steering actuator actionneur de braquage(前期)税务赤字延期tax loss carryforward report de deficit fiscal (en avant)(墙对墙)墙壁之间最小回转直径turing circle between walls (wall-to-wall)diametre de braquage entre murs(轻质的)毛状物金属细丝(light)hair filasse(l?g?re)(全体)人员,(全体)职员,人事(部门)personnel personnel(缺陷钢)标志线 scratch (steel defect) ligne(defaut acier)(燃料喷雾)圆锥角;节锥角,母锥角cone angle(of fuel spray)angle de jet(燃烧室)极压面积squish area effet de chasse(燃油喷射)共用燃油油轨,共common rail(diesel)rampe d injection sous pression。
临床试验中英对照词汇表english vocabulary of clinical trials-yrn2019051011
首席医学官 首席营销官
国家食品药品监督管理总局
圆二色谱 清除率 临床稽查员 临床数据管理系统 临床总监 临床等效应 临床研究监查助理 临床监查/运营 临床项目助理 临床研究监察员,临床研究助理 临床协调员 临床研究
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ENGLISH VOCABULARY OF CLINICAL TRIALS
resolution
数据澄清和解决表
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ENGLISH VOCABULARY OF CLINICAL TRIALS
DCF DCR DM DMP DMSF DQF DVP
DF
DSC DFS
DLT
eCRF EDC EDP EOS
EC ESH-ESC
EU EBM
data clarification form
标准批准表格
ALD
approximate lethal dose
近似致死剂量
AUC
area under curve
药时曲线下面积
AST
aspartate aminotransferase 天门冬酸氨基转换酶
assistant investigator
助理研究者
ATR
attenuated total reflection
国际医学科学组织理事会
sciences
close out visits
关闭访视
crea
肌酐
cross-over study
交叉设计
css, steady-state concentration 稳浓度
cure
痊愈
curriculum vitea
CMA考试必背概念
1.1. 财务报表1.1.1. 财务报表的信息使用者1.企业的管理高层(top management):由于企业资源的提供方无法获取这些内部报告(internal reporting),对外财务报表(external reporting)可以使管理层站在投资者的角度来审视企业当前的经营状况和未来的绩效。
2.公众投资者(public investors):对于公众投资者而言,外部财务报表是了解企业经营业绩的最权威途径也是他们对自己投资决策进行理性判断的基础。
公众投资者可以根据这些信息做出是否继续持有或出售被投资方的股票。
3.债权人(creditors):债权人(creditors)最关心的是自己资金的安全性。
短期债权人,如供应商,一定会关注债务人的流动性;长期债权人,如银行或债券持有人,会更关注企业盈利能力和资本结构,以此来判断企业在遥远的未来是否有还本付息的能力,或是基于企业的风险来确定贷款的利率。
4.其他利益相关者(stakeholders):利益相关者(stakeholders)指的是,会被组织影响,同时又会影响组织的群体。
会关注企业财务报告的利益相关者包括工会(员工)、政府和竞争对手等。
1.1.2. 损益表损益表(income statement)指的是,在一段时间内对企业经营业绩进行计量的财务报告。
1.损益表的构成a.销售收入净销售额(net sales revenue) = 销售收入(sales revenue) - 产品折扣(discounts) -折让(allowance) - 退货(returns)b.销货成本销货成本(cost of goods sold)指的是,出售给客户商品的成本。
从净销售额中扣除销货成本得到毛利(gross profit)。
c.经营费用经营费用(operating expenses)指的是为了产生销售收入而会重复发生的(非销货)成本,它主要包括:销售费用(selling expenses)、管理费用(administrative expenses)和折旧费用(depreciation expenses)。
翻译词汇2
翻译词汇,日积月累计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan农机具补贴subsidy for agricultural machinery and tools附加税VAT(value-added tax)/extra duties/surtax/super tax/tax surcharge三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprise or ventures 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint ventures外商独资企业exclusively foreign-owned company in china中外合作企业cooperative business经济萧条economic slump/economic recession/economic depression business depression发展才是硬道理development as a task of overriding importance driven by consumption, investment ,import and export统筹城乡发展coordinate development in rural and urban regions 拓宽农村增收渠道seek new ways to increase farmer's incomes区域协调互动发展机制 a mechanism for promoting balance and interactive development among regions粗放型增长方式the extensive/inefficient mode /model of growth 密集的增长模式the intensive mode of growth国民经济性支柱产业pillar industry of national economy英汉词汇homecoming 同学会agent 代理crowdsourcing 众包lion's share 大部分ecological civilization 生态文明surrealism 超现实主义Central Ballet Troupe 中央芭蕾舞歌舞团myth of China's peaceful rise 中国的和平崛起的神话currency manipulator 货币操纵国sample survey 抽样检查core competiveness 核心竞争力intellectual property infringement 知识产权侵权multi-polar world 多极世界unabridged dictionary 足本词典Chic lit(文学)年轻女性小说缩略语交货前付款CBD(Cash Before Delivery)泛太平洋伙伴关系TPP(trans-pacific partnership)万国邮政联盟UPU(Universal Postal Union)订金CBD(Cash Before Delivery)有线电视CATV(Cable Television)汉英词汇转变经济增长方式the transformation of the economic growth mode弥补外需缺口compensate for weak external demand重点产业调整振兴规划the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries县级基本财力保障机制 a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments对外工程承包和劳务合同营业额the total turnover of contracted overseas construction and labor contracts激发经济内在活力stimulate the internal vitality of the economy 消除经济不利影响overcome the adverse effects of imported and structural inflation进出口许可证管理the import and export licensing administration 货物实际进出境口岸the port of the actual entry and exit of the goods进口环节增值税和消费税import value added tax and consumption tax劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重the ratio of worker's incomes in the primary distribution of national income区域发展总体战略the master strategy of regional development 登月舱lunar module服务舱service module指令舱command module英汉词汇reentry module 返回舱propelling module 推进舱orbital module 轨道舱geosynchronous satellite 同步轨道卫星satellite in sun geosynchronous 太阳同步卫星weather satellite 气象卫星recoverable satellite 返回卫星communication satellite 通讯卫星remote sensing satellite 遥感卫星The long marchⅡrocket launcher 长征2号运载火箭low earth orbit 近地轨道orbit the earth 绕地球飞行fine-tune orbit 调整轨道personnel type 人才类型talent competitiveness 人才竞争力缩略语特别行政区SAR(Special Administrative Region)联合国旅游组织WTO(World Tourism Organization)军事委员会CMA(Committee of Military Affairs)仅供参考FRI(for your information)仅供参考FYR(for your reference)汉英词汇人才流失brain drain海外人才overseas talents人才库talent pool人才管理talent management人才政策personnel policy人才发展talent development尊重人才value talent/ talented people党管人才human resources under the Party leadership 党政人才Party and government officials青年英才young talents高素质教育人才high-quality educators海外高层人才high-quality overseas professionals全民健康卫生人才national health professionals高技能人才the highly skilled/highly skilled workers企业经营管理人才enterprise management talents英汉词汇military talents 高素质军事人才professional medical personnel 专业医药人才innovative skilled sci-tech workers 创新性科技人才急需紧缺专门人才professionals in short supplybuilding of talent team 人才队伍建设talent management 人才工作管理体制major projects for talent development 重大人才工程HR= human resources 人力资源overseas Chinese students' home 全球留学人才之家cramming method of teaching 填鸭式教学be released from regular work for study 脱产学习locally-granted student loan 生源地助学贷款pseudo-science 伪科学academic credit system 学分制talent pool 人才贮备汉英词汇保障性住房indemnificatory housing包工头labor contractor首期按揭down payment筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危房dilapidated building违章建筑unapproved construction project样板房model unit活动板房movable plank house/ movable house违章借贷abusive lending包装风险房贷packaging of risky mortgages住房公积金贷款housing accumulation fund/ housing provident fund保障性住房low-income housing/government subsidized housing 小产权房house/apartment with limited/incomplete property rights棚改房housing run-down areas that will undergo renovation一定让人民安居乐业we must ensure peace and security for the people出让、划拨和转让grant, allocation and transfer of right to use land英汉词汇relief fund 救济金under-the-counter deals 开后门pet phrase 口头禅flash mob 快闪族Malthusian Theory of Population 马尔萨斯人口论the Matthew Effect 马太效应rule of thumb 拇指规则door-to-door service 上门服务probationary period 试用期human trafficking 人口贩卖sugar-coated bullet 糖衣炮弹job-hopping 跳槽ostrich policy/ostrichism 鸵鸟政策die-hard fans 铁杆粉丝sister cities 友好城市缩略语首次公开募股IPOs(initial public offerings)中国民航CAAC(Civil Aviation Authority of China)域名服务器DNS(Domain Name Server)亚洲石油公司APC(Asian Petroleum Company)最惠国待遇原则MFNS(Most-Favored-Nation Treatment)汉英词汇邮政储蓄postal savings回扣sales commission/kickback潘多拉魔盒Pandora's box霹雳舞break dancing诺亚方舟Noah‘s Ark软肋soft spot/Achilles’ heel软着陆soft landing汇演joint performance花边新闻tidbit西气东输pipeline for transmitting natural gas from the west to the east政府保障力the government’s capacity for safeguard people’s livelihood开辟了中国特色社会主义道路blaze a trial of socialism with Chinese characteristics生产安全事故workplace accident ; work-related accident/work accident/accident at work/accident due to lack of work safety 行政事业性收费administrative charges/fees/public service charges/fees一次性补偿lump-sum compensation/once-and-for-all compensation/one-off compensation/flat compensation英汉词汇property tax 物业税vacant property 闲置地产complete apartment 现房first/second stage 一期/二期monthly installment payment 月供added-value fees 增值地价depreciation allowances 折旧费policy-related house 政策性住房key zones for development 重点开发区residential property 住宅地产owner-occupied homes /houses 自住型住房消费run-down areas 棚户区commercial housing with price ceilings 限价商品房change hand 房屋转手(易主)jelly-built projects 豆腐渣工程缩略语中国银监会CBRC(China Banking Regulatory Commission)多边贸易谈判MTN(multilateral trade negotiations)国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)石油输出国家组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟(东盟)ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)汉英词汇观望态度wait-and-watch attitude旧区改造reconstruction of old area楼层建筑面积floor space普通购房者private homebuyer期房forward delivery housing容积率capacity rate商品房commercial /residential building商业地产commercial property商住综合楼commercial/ residential complex社区community首付down payment售后回租(租回已租出财产)leaseback塔楼tower building停车位parking space停车场parking lot英汉词汇land reserves 囤地second-hand house 二手房property ownership certificate 房产证real estate agent 房产中介property bubble 房地产泡沫real estate/property market 房地产市场overheated property sector 房地产市场过热property price/housing price 房价payment by installment 分期付款tenement 分租合住的经济公寓property deed tax 购房契税housing bubble 房地产泡沫land use certificate 土地使用证allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费speculative property transaction 投机性房产交易缩略语科学技术开发应用咨询委员会ACASTD(Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology Development)联合国可持续发展委员会CSD(Commission on Sustainable Development)粮食及农业组织FAO(Food and Agriculture organization)联合国大会GA(general assembly)国际法院ICJ(International Court of Justice)汉英词汇花钱炫富spend money thoughtlessly and flaunt one's wealth 土豪newly rich and powerful people南水北调工程South-to-North water diversion project政绩考核assess the performance of local authorities生态脆弱fragile eco-system妥善处理敏感问题和分歧properly handle sensitive questions and disputes安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents住房空置率housing vacancy rate地王property king /land king/top bidder廉租房low-rent housing经济实用型住房affordable housing限价房price-capped housing公租房public rental housing按揭购房buy a house on mortgage板楼slap-type apartment building英汉词汇civil service exam 公务员考试interdisciplinary talent 复合型人才college/university entrance exam 高考divergent thinking 发散思维top student 高材生teaching to the test/exam-oriented education 应试教育quality-oriented education 素质教育senior cadre/high-ranking official 高干enrollment expansion 扩招real estate speculator 炒房者unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额location classification 地段等级nail household/nail house residents 钉子户planned enrollment 计划内招生correspondence university 函授大学缩略语独联体CIS(Commonwealth of Independence States)东盟自由贸易区AFTA(Asian Free Trade Area)联合国教科文组织UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization)全国人民代表大会NPC(National People's Congress)中华人民共和国PRC(People's Republic of China)汉英词汇各类型,多层次人才队伍 a skilled, diversified and multilevel workforce高级人才high-end professionals/top talents国家中长期人才发展规划纲要national program for medium and long-term talent development中国国际人才交流协会Conference on InternationalExchange of Professionals科教兴国战略和人才强国战略the strategy of reinvigorating China through science, education and human resources文化渗透cultural infiltration玛雅文化Mayan civilization国家非物质文化遗产national intangible cultural heritage以人为本的城镇化human-centered urbanization打破城乡二元经济结构break up the city-country dualistic economic structure释放巨大的内需潜力unleash huge potential in domestic demand 公共文化服务体系public service system of culture国家文化软实力the country’s soft power in cultural fields全民族文明素质the Chinese people‘s civil education对外文化宣传international cultural publicity英汉词汇Trojan Horse 特洛伊木马cultural industry 文化产业cultural undertaking 文化事业hard-disk drive 硬盘驱动器organic nanomaterial 有机(生化)纳米材料lunar rover 月球车live broadcast 直播chief editor 主编candid camera 抓拍镜头special dispatch 专电sulfur dioxide emissions 二氧化硫排放wind break 防风林charm of oriental culture 东方神韵the Oriental Hawaii 东方夏威夷holiday resort 度假村缩略语转基因动物GMA(Genetically Modified Animal)转基因食品GMF(Genetically Modified Food)国家环境保护总局SEPA(State Environmental Protection Administration)联合国气候变化框架公约UNFCCC(The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)中国人民政治协商会议CPPCC(Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)汉英词汇两岸包机the cross-Straits charter flight历史遗留问题problems left over by history领土管辖权territorial jurisdiction落实共识implement the consensus民间外交people-to people diplomacy白色污染white pollution悬浮颗粒物suspended particles烟尘排放soot emission野生动植物wild animals and plant;wild fauna and flora有毒废料toxic waste加强文化建设加强文化建设strengthen cultural development efforts高雅艺术high art培养青少年思想道德建设cultivate ideals and ethics among young people满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求satisfy the people'sever-growing demand for cultural products加强公民道德建设工程carry out the program for improving civic morality英汉词汇joint venture 合资企业gold reserve 黄金储备reciprocal trade agreement 互惠贸易协定exchange risks 汇率风险demand deposit 活期存款judge by default 缺席判决rights of the person 人身权力determine facts 认定事实petition for appeal 上诉状cases involving foreign interests 涉外案件boarding school 寄宿学校education in the home 家庭教育education in home economics 家政教育contingent of teachers 教师队伍innovation in pedagogy 教学方法创新缩略语合格境内机构投资者QDII(Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor)合格境外机构投资者QFII(Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors)计算机辅助教学CAI(computer-aided instruction或computer-assisted instruction)计算机辅助设计CAD(Computer - Aided Design)计算机辅助翻译CAT(Computer Aided Translation)汉英词汇"爱国者"导弹PatriotmissileAA制Dutchtreatment;goDutch百闻不如一见Seeingisbelieving.百慕大三角BurmudaTriangle闭关政策closed-doorpolicy闭卷closed-bookexam冰雕icesculpture本垒打circuitclout,four-master,roundtrip本票cashier'scheque本本主义bookishness吃皇粮"receivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernmen t"充值卡rechargeablecard出入平安Safetripwhereveryougo敞蓬轿车open-toppedlimousine畅通工程SmoothTrafficProject英汉词汇deadaccount 呆帐packingcredit(loan) 打包贷款sun-top 吊带衫revokelicense 吊销执照firstinning 第一发球权countdown 倒计时globalvillage 地球村24-hour(service) 全天候all-weatehraircraft 全天候飞机performanceofenterprises 企业效益listingofacompany 企业上市braindrain人才流失competitionfortalentedpeople 人才战administrativeprogram 施政纲领double-edgedsword 双刃剑缩略语有线电视CATV(Cable Television)首席信息主管CIO(Chief Information Officer)注册会计师CPA(Certified Public Accountant)情商EQ(Emotional Quotient)超文本传输协议HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)汉英词汇女汉子tough girl, manly woman殡葬改革funeral and interment reform生态安葬an ecological way of burial多功能生态保护实验区multifunction ecological experimentation zone谨言慎行be cautious in words and deeds包二奶have a concubine (originally a Cantonese expression) 变相涨价disguised inflation保证金margins, collateral保证金帐户margin account背投屏幕rear projection screen背黑锅to become a scapegoat不夜城"sleepless city, ever-bright city"不败记录clean record, spotless record存款准备金制度reserve against deposit system粗放式管理extensive management英汉词汇target hitting activities 达标活动grand slam 大满贯paid holiday 带薪假期penalty kick 点球loan loss provision, provisions of risk 风险准备金quota-free products 非配额产品burglarproof door; antitheft door 防盗门real estate evaluator 房产估价师real estate management 房管Time and tide wait for no man 时不我待break a butterfly on the wheel 杀鸡用牛刀be disengaged from work; divorce oneself from one's work 脱产talk show 脱口秀inter-bank borrowing 同业拆借geostationary satellilte 同步卫星缩略语强迫性神经官能症OCD(obsessive-compulsive disorder)艾滋病病毒HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)疯牛病BSE(bovine spongiform encephalopathy)非处方药OTC(over the counter)联合国儿童基金会UNICEF(United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund)。
cma考试知识点总结
cma考试知识点总结Part 1:管理会计一、战略管理A.战略规划及执行B.战略意图和目标C.组织的战略竞争力D.战略决策的最佳实践E.战略管理的未来趋势二、风险管理A.风险识别和评估B.风险处理和应对C.风险控制和监控D.风险管理的新模式E.风险管理的实施挑战三、投资决策A.投资分析B.资本预算C.并购与收购D.投资概念和原则E.投资决策的实施风险四、绩效管理A.绩效评估体系B.绩效改进和激励C.绩效和报酬的关系D.绩效管理的案例及实践E.绩效管理的未来发展五、成本管理A.成本概念和分类B.成本与收益的关系C.成本控制D.成本和价值的平衡E.成本管理的新模式Part 2:财务决策一、财务报表分析A.资产负债表的分析B.利润表的分析C.现金流量表的分析D.报表之间的关系E.财务报表分析的常见误区二、财务风险管理A.资金管理B.汇率风险管理C.利率风险管理D.信用风险管理E.市场风险管理三、融资决策A.融资渠道及融资方式B.资本结构C.融资成本D.股票和债券融资E.融资决策的实施风险四、资本市场A.资本市场的组成B.市场行为和趋势C.市场的有效性D.资本市场的规制E.资本市场的新趋势五、公司治理A.公司治理的结构B.监事会和董事会C.激励机制D.内部控制E.公司治理的前沿问题Part 3:专业伦理一、道德决策A.伦理决策模式B.道德问题的辨识C.道德决策的实施D.道德风险评估E.伦理决策的挑战二、职业操守A.职业操守的标准B.职业操守的违背形式C.职业操守的促进机制D.职业操守的实践问题E.职业操守的误区三、风险管理A.风险的类型和来源B.风险管理的原则和方法C.风险识别和评估D.风险治理E.风险管理的严谨性四、道德领导A.领导力的特质B.领导力的培养C.领导力的作用D.职业领导力的实践E.领导力的困境五、专业发展A.继续教育与专业发展B.专业资格的重要性C.专业发展的路径规划D.专业发展的目标与标准E.专业发展的新模式Part 4:决策分析一、风险与不确定性A.风险与不确定性的特点B.风险与不确定性的类型C.风险与不确定性的处理方法D.风险与不确定性的应对策略E.风险与不确定性的管理案例二、成本与收益A.成本与收益的关系B.成本与收益的分析方法C.成本与收益的平衡原则D.成本与收益的评估标准E.成本与收益的决策误区三、数据分析A.数据的搜集和整理B.数据的分析方法C.数据的处理技术D.数据的可信度评估E.数据的分析挑战四、财务报表分析A.财务报表的解读B.财务指标的应用C.财务分析的方法D.财务分析的误区E.财务分析的新趋势五、决策分析A.决策的基本框架B.决策的信息需求C.决策的影响因素D.决策的实施路径E.决策的风险评估Part 5:专业诚信一、职业操守A.职业操守的概念B.职业操守的原则C.职业操守的违背形式D.职业操守的严守标准E.职业操守的衡量标准二、专业标准A.专业标准的要求B.专业标准的实施工具C.专业标准的促进机制D.专业标准的检验途径E.专业标准的新模式三、职业道德A.职业道德的内涵B.职业道德的促进机制C.职业道德的外显形式D.职业道德的重要意义E.职业道德的信任基础四、专业敬业A.专业敬业的要求标准B.专业敬业的内在动力C.专业敬业的外显形式D.专业敬业的实践问题E.专业敬业的失范原因五、职业信誉A.职业信誉的内涵B.职业信誉的建构途径C.职业信誉的内在动力D.职业信誉的实践问题E.职业信誉的维护难点Part 6:战略管理一、战略规划A.战略规划的概念B.战略规划的步骤C.战略规划的方法D.战略规划的实施问题E.战略规划的前沿问题二、战略执行A.战略执行的特点B.战略执行的难点C.战略执行的方法D.战略执行的组织基础E.战略执行的挑战与前景三、战略监控A.战略监控的要点B.战略监控的手段C.战略监控的效果D.战略监控的实践问题E.战略监控的新模式四、战略调整A.战略调整的原则B.战略调整的方法C.战略调整的实施问题D.战略调整的难点E.战略调整的前沿问题五、战略变革A.战略变革的必要性B.战略变革的方法C.战略变革的关键问题D.战略变革的时间点E.战略变革的新趋势Part 7:财务风险管理一、风险自查A.风险自查的概念B.风险自查的方法C.风险自查的难点D.风险自查的实践问题E.风险自查的前沿问题二、风险识别A.风险识别的方法B.风险识别的实施问题C.风险识别的挑战D.风险识别的前沿问题E.风险识别的新模式三、风险评估A.风险评估的概念B.风险评估的方法C.风险评估的实践问题D.风险评估的挑战E.风险评估的新模式四、风险处理A.风险处理的原则B.风险处理的方法C.风险处理的实施问题D.风险处理的挑战E.风险处理的新模式五、风险治理A.风险治理的概念B.风险治理的方法C.风险治理的实践问题D.风险治理的挑战E.风险治理的新模式Part 8:绩效管理一、绩效评估A.绩效评估的概念B.绩效评估的方法C.绩效评估的实施问题D.绩效评估的挑战E.绩效评估的新模式二、绩效改进A.绩效改进的原则B.绩效改进的方法C.绩效改进的实施问题D.绩效改进的挑战E.绩效改进的新模式三、绩效激励A.绩效激励的原则B.绩效激励的实践问题C.绩效激励的挑战D.绩效激励的前沿问题E.绩效激励的新模式四、绩效报酬A.绩效报酬的标准B.绩效报酬的激励机制C.绩效报酬的实践问题D.绩效报酬的前沿问题E.绩效报酬的新模式五、绩效管理的未来趋势A.绩效管理的发展历程B.绩效管理的新模式C.绩效管理的关键问题D.绩效管理的实践问题E.绩效管理的预期变化以上总结了CMA考试的知识点,包括管理会计、财务决策、专业伦理、决策分析、专业诚信、战略管理、财务风险管理、绩效管理等内容。
测绘专业词汇
Geo-Information SystemsDefinition or geo-information systems. There are about as many definitions of GIS systems as there may be actual systems around .Usually the concept comprises:1) a database with a variety of spatial data that are (1) georeferenced in acompatible way ; (2) with a spatial and thematic resolution that is smallenough to reflect : (3) for the themes that are incorporated; (4) at the scale ofthe area for which the system is designed, all significant spatial differencesthat are pertinent to the applications for which the system is meant2) suitable software to access the database and to perform logical ,statisticaland cartographic operations with the data.It is further desirable that any geo-information system functions in an organizational structure that enables:(1) to keep the data reliable and up to date and(2) to exchange data with interested parties (3) while maintaining confidentiality of the data where and when necessary.Main application fields for geoinformation systems are:Management or spatial networks, including maintenance ,like power supply ,telephone and roads.Management of land related activities like land-ownership (cadastre),real estatetaxation ,agricultural and forest management, geophysical exploration, archeological sites etc.Urban and regional spatial planning ,analysis of population and land use distributions, site selection ,route planning, catchment area studies, environmental interactions, etc.Spatial objects and attribute data. Essentially any GIS contains two types of data:(1) spatial objects or entities ,often stored in various layers or maps.(2) Attribute data that describe features related to the spatial objects.Sometimes the relation is simple: an area on a land-use map may only have one attribute: its land-use class. However, often the relation may be more complex: spatial objects have many attributes e.g. for b house:(1)street number of inhabitants, etc.Or for a main sewer:(1)cross section ;(2)material (3) latest maintenance;(4) depth under street level (5) district office responsible for its maintenance etc. In most GIS the attribute data are handled in a classical database structure ,oftena telational database like Oracle or Dbase III, while a special graphical databasedeals with the spatial data. The spatial object is than related through a unique identification number to its attributes in the attribute database. The advantage of this system are that many operations can be carried in on the (alphanumerical) attribute database, while the graphic database is only needed to mapping the results of e.g. an attribute search. A disadvantage is that there may easily occur inconsistencies between the 2 databases when updatingAnd deletion procedures are not perfectly integrated.Through the GIS attribute system links may be build with other databases e.g.through the addresses.In statistical mapping spatial objects are the statistical districts and their subdivisions. Attributes can be any of the statistical tables pertaining to thosedistricts. Land Information systems and Geo-information Systems.The total field of geo information systems could be subdivided in 3 major subclassesthat coincide partly with the main applications:Land Information Systems(LIS) .The surveying profession has introduced the term “land information systems” as a follow up for “multi purpose that mostly deals with large scale, parcel oriented data and topography. Geo Information Systems (GIS) .Although basically a generic, the term“geo-information systems”now is often understood as only concerning the subclass of more thematic ,medium and small scale systems ,used and produced by professional specialists in various disciplines and agencies.Utility Information Systems (UIS).Network oriented systems are mostly referred by their application as utility or traffic information systems.The somewhat confusing terminology indicates the even larger confusion that exists about the future tasks and place of geo-information systems in the organizational structure of government ministries and agencies and certain types of private companies.Major components of GIS software. Any GIS system will have four major components:(1)the database structure and ways to access the database, preferably includingsome protection and privileges system;(2)input routines, that enable to enter maps and other data in the system ,e.g. bymanual grid encoding, digitizing or copying and converting from otherdatabases. Input routines may be interactive, especially for digitizing, toenable the user to see what he is entering and they may have some on-linechecks to avoid errors;(3)output routing, that make it possible to obtain results from operations withthe system in map or tabular form. Capabilities of the systems may vary fromlimited capabilities to full fledged thematic and/or topographic mapping andreport-generating;(4)“analytical “capabilities that enable to carry out “spatial operations” on thedatabase like polygon overlay or spatial distribution analysis. Added to theseoperations can be several spatial conditions or restrictions.Vocabularyabbreviate vt. 缩写;简略;缩短accessibility n. 可达性,可接近性accessory a. 附属的;辅助的;次要的;n. 附件的;辅助设备o. accommodate vt. 调节;容纳;供给accuracy n. 准确度;精度accurate a. 准确的,精度acquisition n. 获得,获取,搜索,探测acronym n. 首字母缩略词adjacent a. 邻近的,接近的adjustment n. 调整,校正,平差administration n. 管理;行政机关,执行admissible a. 可采纳的;可接受的adverse a. 相斥的;不利的adversely ad. 相反地,逆地;不利地aerial surveying 航空测量aerial photograph 航摄像片,航空像片aerial photography 航空摄影,空中摄影学aerodynamics n. 空气动力学aeronautical a. 航空的;航空学的agricultural a. 农业的;农学的air camera 航摄仪,航摄像片airborne a. 航空的,机械的alcohol n. 酒精algebraic a. 代数的alidade n. 照准的,照准仪align vt. 使成一线;调准;定线alteration n. 改变,改建alternate a. 交替的;预备的vt.,vi (使)交替,(使)轮流altitude n. 高度,高程ambiguity n. 模糊;不定性,两重性,多值性ambiguous n. 意义不明确的,模糊的;分歧的amend vt. 改正,修正;改善analogue n. 模拟,类比analytical aerotriangulation 解析空中三角测量anchor n. 桩,支撑点;锚angle n. 角度,角angle point 三角点angular a. 角的,角形的antenna n 天线anticipate vt. 预期,预测;预先进行apparatus n. 仪器,设备appendix vt 附录;附属物appraise vt. 估价;评价;鉴定approach n. 接近,近似,临近appropriate a. 适当的approximate a. 近似的,大约的arbitrary a. 任意的,随机的,独立的architectural a. 建筑上的,建筑学的arrangemen n. 整理,安排;配置;计划;处理array n. 一批,大量;数组,阵列;排列artifical a. 人工的,人造的ascending a. 上升的,向上的ascending grade 上升坡度;上坡ascertain vt. 确定,查明assembly n. 部件;联合;拼贴assumed a. 假设的,设想的,理论的,计算的astronomical a. 天文学的,天体的atmosphere n. 大气;大气层;大气压attach vt. 安装;附上automatic level 自动安平水准仪axiomn n. 公理;原理;格言azimuth n. 方位角Bbacklash n. 齿隙,隙动差backsight n. 后视;后视读数bang vt. 猛敲;猛撞barometric a. 大气压的barometric pressure 大气压barrel shaped 圆形的,桶形的base line 基线,底线;原始资料base-plate 底座,基座batter n. 倾斜,倾度batter board 坡度板bearing n. 象限角,方位角;轴承bench mark 水准点bend vt. 弯曲;屈从beneath prep. 在…下方;不值得ad. 在下方bilby tower 必氏占标binding n. 装订;封皮;捆绑;绷带blacktop n. 沥青路面vt. 用沥青铺(路面)blunder n. 喷出;喷出器blunder n. 粗差,大错bob n. 锤bolt n. 螺栓,螺杆boundary n. 分界线,边界Broundcast Ephemerides 广播星历表bubble n. 气泡;水准仪bubble tube 水准管bulldozer n. 推土机bull’s eye 靶心;圆水准器Ccalibrate vt. 校准,检定,分度calibration n. 校准,检定;刻度cancel vi. 相互低消vt. 省略;取消,低消cancellation n. 删去,省略;取消;相消carpenter’s level 木工水平尺carrier phase 载波相位cassette n. 盒子;暗盒catch basin 贮水池;汇水盆地categorize vt. 分类category n. 种类,类目,范畴,等级cement n. 水泥;结合剂vt. 粘接,胶合chain n. 测链;三角锁;山脉character n. 特性,性质,字体;字符characterstic a. 特有的n. 特征,特性chisel n. 凿子,錾子vt.,vi. 凿chloroform n. 三氯甲烷cinephotogrammetry n. 电影摄影测量circuit n. 水准闭合环;路线(图)circumstance n. 情况,环境;细节;事件clamp n. 夹子,制动装置clarity n. 清澈;透明;明晰classification n. 分类;分有;类别;等级clockwise a.ad. 顺时针方向转动的(地),正转的(地)closed traverse 闭合导线code n. 规范,标准;符号,代码,电码vt. 把…译成电码coherent a. 系数,因素coin vt. 创造;杜撰;铸造coincide vi. 恰好重合,一致coincidence n. 符合,一致collector n. 集合器;集电极compact a. 密集的,紧凑的,小型的n. 袖珍,小型compass bearing 罗盘旬限角compensate vt.,vi. 补偿,赔偿competence n. 能力,胜任;权限compilation n. 编辑;汇编complicated a. 结构复杂的;难懂的component a. 组成的,合成的n. 元件,部件;成分;分力;部分composite n. 合成的;复合的n. 合成物concave a. 凹的concentrate vt.,vi. 集中;浓缩concrete a. 具体的,实在的n. 混凝土concurrent a. 一致的;同时发生的;共存的condition method 条件法configuration n. 构造;形状configure vt. 使成形,使具形体confine vt. 限制;禁闭conform vt.,vi. 一致,符合;适合confuse vt. 混淆,混乱;弄错confusion n. 混淆conical a. 圆锥的;圆锥形的conjunction n. 联接;连测consequent ad. 连续地,顺序地conserve vt. 保存;保养consistently ad . 坚固地,一致地consistency n. 一致性,相容性符合constitute vt 构成,组成construct vt 建造,构筑,创立construction n 建设,施工,结构,建筑物construction stake 施工(标)桩consume vt 消费,浪费contaminate vt 影响,污染,传染contribute vt,vi 贡献,捐献,投稿continuous strip 连续航带contractor n 承包人;压缩机contribute vt vi 贡献,捐献,投稿convenient a 方便的,附近的conventional a 惯用的,不依比例尺的convergence n 会聚,集中的,收敛(性)convey vt 转变,变换coordinate n 坐标vt vi (使)协调correlate n 联系数,相关数,相关vt vi 相互关联counterclockwise a 反时针方向转动的(地)courtroom 审判室coverage n 覆盖;测区成图区域crew n 队,组criterion n 标准,尺度critical a 临界的,严格的,关键的critical point 临界点cross hair 十字丝cross-index 编制互相参照的索引cross section 横断面culture n 文化,人工建筑物,人工地物culvert n 排水渠,阴沟,电缆管道,涵洞curb n 路边,控制,约束curvature n 弯曲曲率curve n 曲线;弯曲vt vi 弄弯;成曲线cut n 挖士;挖士深度Ddatum n 基准,基准面,基准线,基准点数据,资料已知数declination n 倾斜,偏角,偏差,赤纬decrease vt vi 减少,减小n 减少,减小,减小量deficiency n 不足,缺陷deflection angle 外角,偏角delete vt 删除,擦掉demonstrate vt 论证;说明;表示depict vt 描绘,雕出deposit vi 沉淀vt 存储,存放沉积depressed a 降低的,凹陷的descending a 下降的,递降的descending grade 下降坡度,下坡designate vt 指定,指明,称呼destroy vt 破坏,打破,消灭detail n 地物,碎部,细节,清晰度,详图vt 区域范围地区detailing 碎部测量细部设计detect vt 探测,检测determination n 确定,测定,决心determine vt 测定确定,测量diagonal a 斜的,对角线的,n 对角线diagram n 图解,图表,示图diaphragm n 光圈,隔膜,膜片dice n 赌博ditcher n 挖沟机;修渠者differential a 差别的,微分的differential leveling 微差水准测量differential mode 差分式,差分法differential rectification 微分纠正dimension n 维(数),尺寸,大小,面积discard vt 放弃,舍去discipline n 学科, 纪律discrepancy n 差异,不符值,不人、符合displace vt 转移,移动,取代distinctive a 区别性的,有特色的distinguish vt ,vi 区别,辨别distribute vt 分配,分布,区分disturb vt 干扰,扰动,弄乱ditch n 沟,渠,水槽double-rodded line 双转点水准路线drainage n 排水,排水系统,排水设备,水文要素,流域dumpy a 矮胖的,短而粗大的dumpy level 定镜水准仪duplicate vt 使加倍,复写,复制dynamic a 动力的,动态的Eearthwork 土方(工程),土工eccerntricity n 离心率,偏心率elaborate a 精心制作的,详尽阐述的,复杂的elapse n (时间的)过去,消逝vi (时间)过去,消逝electromagnetic traversing 电子测距导线elevate vt 抬起,使升高,提高elevation n 高程,高度,仰角elevation meter 测高计eliminate vt 消除,排除,消去embankment n 筑?,路?坝emergence n 浮现,出现employ n 使用,雇用vt 使用,雇用encounter vi 偶然相遇,vt 碰到,碰撞,交会encrypt vt 编码entry n 记录,进入,入口,项目ephemeris n 星历表epoch n 时代,历元,(信号)出现时刻,恒定相位延迟equalize vi 相等vt 使相等,补偿equation n 方程式,差equip vt 装备,配备,训练equivalent a 相等的,等价的,等量的eradicate vt 根除,消灭erasure n 擦掉,消除,擦掉处erect vt 使竖立,建立,安装a 直立的,垂直的erroneous a 错误的,不正确的essential a 本质的,基本的,必要的estimate vt 估计,估算,评价estimation n 估算,估计,测定etch vt 刻划ether n 乙醚evaluate vt 评价,鉴定,测定,计算,估算exaggerate vi 夸张,夸大vt . 夸张,夸大,使增大excavate vt ,vi 挖掘excavation n 洞,矿山巷道采掘,土方工程exceed vt 超过,越出excess a 过量的,额外的,附加的n 超越,过量exclusively ad 专有的,唯一地;全部地execute vt 实施,执行,完成exhibit vt 展览,显示expansion n 展开,膨胀,扩大,展开式expeditious a 迅速的,较率高的explanation n 解释,说明,辩解exploratory a 勘探的,探索的exposure n 曝露,曝光;曝光时间,胶片,方向,陈列extend vt vi 延伸,扩大extensively ad 广大地,广泛地extent n 范围,程度大小exterior angle 外角extraterrestrial a 地球外的extreme a 末端的,极端的eyepiece n 目镜Ffabric n 织物,建筑物face left 盘左face right 盘右facilitate vt 使容易,推进facility n 容易,熟练,设备fashion n 样子,方式,风格feature n 特征,要素,地物terminology n 术语学,术语,专门名词file vt 归档,保存fill n 填土,装填filter n 滤光境,滤光片fireproof a 耐火的,防火的flatness n 平坦,平整度,均匀性flattening n 压平,扁率,补偿flexibility n 灵活性,柔性flip n 抛,弹,轻击九,抛,掷,轻击flow line 流程线flush a 大量的,齐平的,直接的ad 齐平地,直接的vt 使齐平flying level 快速水准检测foot plate 尺垫,尺台,底座footing n 底脚,基座,底层,立足点foregoing a 在前的,前述的foresight n 前视,前视读数forester n 林务各,森林居民form line 施工线format n 版式形式framework n 控制网,骨架,结构free from 不受...影响的,没有...的frequency n 频率fudge vt 捏造vi 推诿n 胡言,捏造full station 里程桩,百尺标(桩)function n 功能,作用,函数furnish vt 装备,供应,提供furtherance n 促进,推动Ggap n 差距,裂口,间隙,漏洞,山隘generate vt 发生,引起,形成geodetic a 大地测量(学)的geodetic surveying 大地测量geodimeter n 光电测距仪geological a 地质(学)的geometrical figure 几何图形glean vt vi 搜集,发现,找到global a 全球的,球形的,综合的Global Positioning System (GPS) 全球定位系统goodwill n 友好,信誉grade n 等级,坡度,程度,阶段vt 分等级,分类grade stake 坡度板gradient n 坡度,斜率a 倾斜的graduate vt 给...标上刻度graduation n 刻度,分划线graphite n 石墨graze vt 擦过,掠过grid n 格网,坐标网groud speed 地速guidance n 向导,导航,控制guide line 准则,标线,指标Hhachure n 晕线,短线half way 中间,一半hardboard 硬质纤维枚hertz n 赫兹HI 仪器高high oblique 深倾,大角度倾斜high rod 高标尺,长(水准)标尺high water 高潮hinge n 绞链,折叶vt 安装绞链hole n 孔,缺口vt vi 穿孔hollow a 空的,凹的n 洼地,坑穴hologrammery n 全息摄影测量holograph n 全息像片horizontal a 水平的,地平的n 水平面,水平线hub n 桩,中枢hydrant n 消防龙头,配水龙头,给水栓hydrographic a 水路的,水路测量的hypsometric a 测高的,分层设色的hypsometric map 地势图Iicecap 冰帽,冰盖impediment n 防碍,阴碍,障碍物implication n 牵连,含意 ,推论,结论implicit a 含蓄的,固有的,绝对的improper a 不合适的,错误的inaccessible a 达不到的,难接近的inclination n 倾斜,倾角,倾向,偏差inconsistency n 矛盾,不一致性,不相容increment n 增长,增值,增量indentation n 缺口,(行首)空格,压迹,凹迹index mark 指标,指数,测标;指示器,索引India ink 墨,墨汁indicate vt 指示,表明,象征,暗示individual a 个人的,单独的,inertial a. 惯性的influence n.影响vt影响infrared a.红外区的,红外线的inherent a.内在的;固有的integer cycle ambiguity 整周不定值,整周模糊度integrate vt. 结合;积分;积累integrity n.完整;完善;正直;诚实intelligible a.可理解的;易懂的intercept n.截距,截断vt.截取,截断interchange vt.交换,交替interchangeably ad. 可交换地,可互换地interface n. 接口;分界面vt.对接;相互作用interior angle 内角interlock vi. (使)联锁,(使)连接Vt. 联锁,连结;互锁设备intermediate foresight 中前视intermediate sight 中间视,旁视(前后视以外的水准视线)interpolate vt.,vi. 内插;插入;窜改intersect vi. 相交vt. 横切,交会,交叉intersection station 交会点interval n. 间隔,间距;范围intervene vi. 干涉,干预;介入,插入intervisibility n. 通视invalid a. 无效的invar tape 因瓦带尺,因钢带尺invert n. 内底vt. 使颠倒,使反向invest vt. 投入;投资;使带有vi.投资investigate vt.,vi. 调查ionospheric a. 电离层的irregular a. 不规则的,不整齐的irrigation n. 灌溉;水利isobaric a. 等压的,等压线的isolate vt. 隔离,使脱离,孤立Jjuxtaposition n. 并列,并置Kkeel n. 颜色笔,色粉笔knob n. 按钮,调节器Llabel n. 标签,标记vt. 贴标签于;把…列为,把…称为landmark n. 地面目标,界标,主位物landscape 景观,风景;地形launch vt.发射;投掷;(使)下水n.发射;(船)下水law of sine 正弦定律layout n. 放样,定线,测设least squares 最小二乘leatherite n.人造革legibility n.易读性,清晰性legible a.易读的,字迹清楚的lens n. 透镜,镜头level n. 水平;水准仪,水准器;水平面;级;高度level line 水准线;水准路线level surface 水准线;等位面level vial 水准器leveling n. 水准测量;抄平liable a. 应服从的;易于…的,有…倾向的linear a. 直线的,线性的litigation n.诉讼,打官司location n. 位置,地点;定位,放样;地物logical a. 逻辑上的longitudinal a. 经纬的,纵向的loop n. 环路;圈;环形天线loose a. 松的;自由的loose-leaf 活页low-lying 地势低洼的;低低的low oblique 浅倾,小角度倾斜low water 低潮lower motion 下盘转支(机构)Mmagnification n. 放大;放大率magnify vt. 放大;加强magnitude n. 大小,数值maladjustment n. 调节不良,失调manhole n. 入孔,检修孔,出入口manipulation n. 操作;控制;处理;窜改manufacturer n. 制造商;制造厂mean high high water 平均高高潮mean higher water 平均高潮mean low water 平均低潮mean lower low wate 平均低低潮mean sea level 平均海水面meandering a. 曲折的n. 测绘地物轮廓measurement n. 测量;测量结果mechanical a. 机械(制)的;物理的mental arithmetic 心算mercury n. 汞,水银;水银柱meridian a. 子午圈的;定点的n. 子午圈(线),经线;顶点meteorological a. 气象的;气象学的metropolitan a. 大城市的,大都会的microcomputer n. 微型电子计算机micrometer n. 测微器microprocessor 微处理机military a.军用的;军队的minimal a. 最小的;最低限度的minus sight 前视misclosure n. 闭合差mix-up n. 混合物;混乱;迷惑moderately ad. 适度地;温知地;(价钱)公道地modification n. 改进,修改,调整modify vt. 改进,修改,调整modulate vt.,vi. 调制monograph n. 专题文章monoscopic photogrammetry 空间摄影测量monument vt. 标石;界碑;纪念碑mount vt. 安放,裱版,镶嵌mounting n. 座架,底座muddy a. 泥泞的;模糊的multipliter n. 乘数;乘法器multi-spectral n. 多光谱的,多谱段的mutual a. 相互的;共同的Nnational geodetic vertical datum 国家大地高程基准面nationwide a. 全国性的ad. 在全国范围的navigation n. 导航;航行navigational a. 使被需要;迫使necessitate vt. 忽视,疏忽neglect vt. 可忽略的,很小的net n.网,网络normal distribution 正态分布noteform 手簿格式note keeper 记录员,记簿员nullify 废弃,取消,使无用Ooblique a. 倾斜的obstruct vt. 阻塞;阻止;挡住obtainable a. 可获得的oceanographic a. 海洋学的offset n. 偏移;支距vt. 偏置;补偿offset line 支距线;偏置线offset stake 偏置桩omission n. 省略;遗漏;忽略;懈怠omit vt. 省略;删去;遗漏;忽略on account of 因为open traverse 支导线operation n. 操作,工作,作用optical a. 光学的;视学的optical plummet 光学对点器optimum a. 最有利的n. 最佳(值),最适条件ordinance n.法令,条令,条例orientation n.定向;方向,方位originate vt. 引起;创始vi.起源,起始,发起orthometric a.正高的orthophotography n.正射投影oscillator n.振荡器;加速器outfall n.河口;出口outline n.轮廓;略图;提纲vt.画出.....的轮廓;概括;略述overflow vt.淹没;使泛滥;使涨满n.泛滥;充溢overhead a. 在上头的;架空的overlap vt.,vi.重叠,搭接overprint vt.加印,套印;印光Ppanoramic a. 全景的parallel a. 平行的n. 平行线(面),纬圈pattern n. 图像;模块;结构pave vt. 铺,筑pavement n. 人行道;路面;铺过的道路pendulum n. 摆perception n. 感觉,知觉;概念perforate vt. 穿孔于vi.穿孔;穿过permit vt. 允许;使可能permutation n. 交换;取代perpendicular a.垂直的n.垂直;垂直线personnel n. 全体人员;人事(部门)perspective n. 透视;透视图a. 透视的pertain vi. 从属;关于;适合pertinent a.恰当的;有关的phenomenon n. 现象;奇迹;杰出人才phenomental a.非凡的,出众的;现象的photogrammetry n. 摄影测量学photographic a.摄影的photointerpretation n.像片判读photomap n.影像地图pipeline n.管道,管线piping n.管道;管道系统pivot n.枢轴,支点vt.使绕着枢轴转动placement n.方位,位置;配置plane surveying 平面测量plane--table 平板仪planimetric a.水平的,平面的;面积测量的planimetric map 平面图platform n. 平台,台plot n. 平面图,图表vt. 测定;展绘,绘图plotter n. 阴谋者;标图员;标绘器,绘图机plumb a.垂直的n.垂球,铅垂plumb bob 垂球plumb line 铅垂线plummet n. 铅垂,垂球;铅锤线vt.垂直落下plunge vt. 纵转(望远镜)plus sight 后视pointer n. 指针;光标;指示字polish vt.磨光,抛光polyethylene n.聚乙烯polygon n. 多角形,多边形;导线portable a. 轻便的,便于携带的portion n.部分,段portland cement concrete 波特兰水泥混凝土portray vt.描绘;扮演position n. 位置,方位vt. 定位,配置post n 标桩,标杆,柱石potential a 潜在的,势的n 潜力,势practitioner n 从事者,实践者precaution n 预防,谨慎,预防方法Precise Positioning Service 精确定位服务Precision a 精确的,精密的 n 精确,精度Preclude vt 预防,消除,阻止Predecessor n 前辈,前任者,(被取代的)原有事物Preferably ad 最好,更可取地preliminary a 预备的,初步的preserve vt 保护,维护,保存primary a 最初的,主要的,基本的principal line 主纵线principle n 原理,法则printout 打印(出)的结果prior a 在先的,优先的 ad 在前,居先prism n 棱镜procedure n 过程,程序,方法,process n 过程,方法 vt 处理,加工procure vt 获得,实现,完成profession n 职业,专业professional a 职业的,专业 n 专职人员profile n 断面,纵剖面图,断面图,轮廓profile recorder 剖面记录器profile leveling 纵断面水准测量prohibit vt 禁止,阻止projection n 设计,规划,投影prominently ad 突出地,显著地,重要地pronounced a 显著的,明显的,明确的,讲出来的propagate vt 传播,分布,扩展property n 财产,财产权,性质property line 地界线,建筑红线property survey 地藉测量proportion vt 使成比例 n 比率,部分proportional a 成比例的,相称的protractor n 量角器,分度规proverb n 谚语,格言,笑柄provided conj 假如province n 领域,范围,省pseudo-ranges 伪距(观测)psychrometer n 湿度计,定湿计Qq uadrilateral a 四边形的,四边的 n 四边形q uadruple a 四倍的 vt 使成四倍q ualifier n 合格的人物,限定码Rr adargrammetry n 雷达图像测量学,雷达图像测量技术r ail n 栏杆,横杆,轨道,钢轨r ange n 范围,距离,幅度,较差r ange finder 测量仪r ate of grade 坡度变化率r eadout 读出,数字显示装置r eal-time 实时r ear n 后部,后面 a 后部的r eceiver n 接收机r eciprocal a 倒数的,相互的,相应的 n 倒数r econnaissance n 选点,踏戡,草测r ectangular a 长方形的,成直角的r ectification n 纠正,整流,检波r efined a 精制的,精确的,优美的r eflect vt ,vi 反射,思考r eflector n 反射器,反射度r egardless of 不管,不顾r egion n 区域,范围,地区,地带r egister vt ,vi 记录,对齐,定位r egress vi,n 退回,回归,退行 n 退回,回归,退行r elease 释放,放出,解放,开关,释放装置 vt 释放,放出免除r elevant a 有关的,相应的,恰当的,成比例的r elief n 地貌,地形,起伏,浮雕remote a. 遥远的,远距离的;遥控的n. 副台(微波测距仪的)replacement n. 代替物;取代;位移;复位representation n.描写,表示;图形resection n.后方交会;截断;交叉reservoir n.水库residual n.残数;残差a.残存的,剩余的resolution n.分辨率,分辨力restore vt.恢复;修复retain vt. 保持;保留;留住;记住retaining wall 挡土墙,护堤壁retention n.保持;保留retrace vt.折回;回忆reversal n.颠倒,反向,反转reverse a.颠倒的,反向的n.颠倒,反向,反转vt.颠倒,反向,使反向revise vt.修订,校正revolve vt.,vi. 旋转;沉思,思想ribbon n. 带;钢卷尺ridge n. 梁;脊;岭,垅right angle 直角right-of-way 通行权;公路(铁路、电路)用地rigorous a. 严厉的,严格的;严密的,精确的rod n. 标杆;标尺rodman n. 司尺员roughness n. 粗糙度route n. 路线;路程route survey 路线测量routine n. 程序;常规;惯例;日常工作rugged a. 崎岖的;多岩石的;严酷的run back 反测run out 往测Ssag n. 下垂;弯曲;垂曲度vi.下垂;倾斜vt.使下垂salable a.可出售的;卖得出的scale n. 比例尺;标尺;度盘scale reading 分划读数scan vt.,vi 扫描scanning n. 扫描;细看scrap a. 零碎的;剩余的;废弃的vt.敲碎;废弃n.碎片;片断;废料;图片scratch a. 凑和的;打草稿用的n.刻痕;擦伤;乱涂screw n. 螺旋,螺丝scribble n.潦草的笔迹;乱涂vt.潦草书写;乱涂section n.部分,段;断面图;断面;地区;章节segment n.部分;段,节vt.,vi分割;(使)分裂开self-reading rod 自读水准尺sensitive a.灵敏的;敏感的setnsitivity n.灵敏度set back n.退进,收进settle vi.下沉,沉降vt.使沉降;解决sewer n.阴沟,排水管,下水道shade n.阴影;帘vt.遮蔽;使阴暗shift vt.变动,移动;偏移shrink n. 收缩;缩水vt.,vi.收缩;缩小shutter n. 快门;光闸simplicity n.简单;简明;单纯;无知simplify vt.简单;(使)易做simultaneously ad.同时地,同时发生地single frame 单张像片skeleton n.骨架;轮廓;基干sketch n.草图;素描skip vt.,vi.跳,跳过;省略;遗漏slide vt.,vi.(使)滑动sliding a.滑动的,可调整的slippage n.滑支;滑动量slit n. 缝隙slope stake 边坡桩smokestact n.大烟囱smudge n.污点;浓烟vt.弄脏;使模糊vi.被弄脏solution n.解决;解,解法;溶解sound a.健康的;正确的;合理的;可靠的;充分的sophisticated a.完善的,复杂的specialised a.专门的,专科的specialty n.特性,特长;专业spedification n.说明书;规范,技术要求;详述specify vt.指定;详细说明spectral a.光谱的spectral range 光谱限度,光谱范围spectrum n.光谱,频谱spheroidal a.球状的;椭球体的;扁球体的spike n.大钉,道钉;测试信号;水准尺桩spiral a. 螺七的;盘旋的;螺旋的spire n.塔尖;尖顶;锥形体split n.分离;裂口vt.分离,分开spongy a.海绵状的spot vt.准确地定出......的位置spur n.支线,支导线stack n.烟囱;堆;组vt.,vi.堆积;堆起stadia n.视距仪,视距尺;视距法;视距测量staff n.标尺;杆stake n.木桩,标桩vt.设立标桩,定线staking n.立标桩,(用桩)标定standard n.标准;规格Standard Positioning Service 标准定位服务standardize vt.使标准化;使与标准比较staple n.订书钉vt.钉住state plane coordinate 国家平面坐标stereo a.立体的,立体观测的,立体镜的stereocompilation n.立体测图stereoscope a.立体视镜stereoscopic a. 立体的,立体观测的strain n拉紧;张力vt.,vi.拉紧;尽力;弯曲,变形string n.细绳;串,行strip n.条,带;航带stroke n.打;笔划;一笔stub a.短粗的n.短线;残根stub taverse 支导线style n.风格;文伯;式样,类型,格式subgrade n.路基,地基subsequent a.随后的,后来的substantial a.实质的;大量的substitute n.代替人;代用品subtense n.对边,弓玄subtense bar 横测杆,横测尺suffice vi.足够;有能力vt.满足;满足...的需要summarize vt.,vi.概括,总结superabundance n.极多,过多superimpose vt.加上,附加supersede vt.代替,取代supplemenary a.补充的;附加的;补角的surveying n.测量学;测量;调查srsceptible a.易受影响的;敏感swamp n.沼泽vt.,vi.陷入沼泽;淹没swampy a.沼泽的;湿而松软的synchronize vt.,vi.(使)同步Ttabulate vt.把........制成表,列表显示tabulation n.制表;表tack n.平头针,图钉;粘性tape n.卷尺,带尺;带,磁带target n.目标,占板;瞄准target rod 砚板水准尺taut a.拉紧的;整齐的严格的telluroment n.微波测距仪terrain n.地形,地面;领域,范围terrestial a.地球上的;陆地的testimony n.证明;声明;表明;证言theodolite n.经纬仪theoretidal a.理论(上)的;假设的thermal a.热的,热量的thread n.线,丝;螺纹three point problem 三点问题three-wire leveling 三丝水准测量thumb n.大拇指tidal a.潮汐的tidal datum 潮汐基准面tidal station 验潮站tie n.边测,连边;连接;枕木;连测点tie in 联测tighten vt.,vi.拉紧;固定tilt vt.使倾斜tilting level 微倾水准仪tin 锡;马口铁tint n.色调;浅色vt.着色;染色topographic a.地形的,地志的topographic detail 地形碎部topography n.地形,地志;地形测量学tow vt.拖,拉,牵引tower n.塔;高楼;觇标tract n.一片;地带,区域transaction n.办理;执行;和解;交易;学报transcribe vt.抄写;意译;写下transfer n. 转移,转让vt.,vi.转移;变换transit n.经纬仪,子午仪;中天Transit Dppler System 子午仪多普勒系统transition n. 转变;过度;要迁translation n.平移;转播;翻译transmission n.传送,传播;发射transport n.运输vt.运输transportation n.运输transpose vt.,vi.调换,易变,易位transposition n.调换,互换位置transverse a.横身的;横断的n.横轴traverse a.横断的;横的n.导线;导线测量;横断vt.,vi. 导线测量;横切traverse station 导线点travesing n. 导线测量trench n.沟渠,堑壕;运河trial-and-error (method )深度法,试凑法triangle n.三角形;三角板triangulation n.三角测量tribrach n.三角基座trigonometric a.三角的;三角法的trilateration n.三边测量tripod n.三角架tube n.管;隧道;望远镜turning pin 尺桩turning point 转点Uunconditionally ad.无条件地,绝对地undecipherable a.没译得出的;没辨得出的undulation n.起伏;波动uneven a.不平坦的;不均匀的United States Geological Survey 美国地质测量局unpack vt.解开;从.......中拿出unstable a.不稳固的;易变的unsteady a.不稳固的;易变的Vvariation n.变分,变差,变量;变化variation method 变分法vegetation n.植被;植物verify vt.证实;检验;核对vernier n.游标,游尺versatile a.多方面的;通用的;万向的version a.译文;看法;版本;形式vertex n.顶点,极点vertical a.垂直顶点的n.垂直线,垂直面vertical control 高程控制vetical control network 高程控制网vetical photograph 垂直摄影像片via prep.经过,取道;通过vial n.小瓶vibrate vt.,vi.(使)颤动;(使)摆动visibility n.能见度;视界;明显visual a.视觉的,视力的;可见的,直观的vital a.重要的,不可缺少的;有生命力的vulnerable a.易爱伤的;脆弱的Wwarp n.弯曲,扭曲vt.(vi.)弄(变)弯;弄(变)弯warrant vt.使有(正当)理由,成为.....的根据n.(正当)理由;保证water line 水位线;水管线路waterproof a.防水的wavelength n.波长weight n.权;重要(性);砝码;重量well difined 界线分明的,清晰的withstand vt.抵挡;经受住wrap vi.缠绕;重叠vt.包;缠绕;覆盖XX--ray photogrammetry X射线摄影测量Zzigzag a.之字形的n.之字形vi.(vt.)(使)成之字形。
汽车试验专业词汇
《汽车试验学》专业词汇试验test试验编号test number试验标准test criteria试验参数test parameters试验车experimental car试验车车身testing body试验车辆test vehicle试验车速跑道speed-testing runway试验程序testing procedure试验持续时间test duration/test length试验次数test number试验大纲test program试验方法test method试验技术testing technique试验阶段test session试验结果的再现性reproducibility of tests试验结果曲线的轮廓图test profile试验结果整理interpretation试验结束end of test (EOT)试验距离test distance试验前的调整pretest conditioning试验任务experimental duties试验室laboratory/lab/test plug试验台test bay试验台架experimental rig/test bench试验条件test conditions试验文件test documentation试验仪器testing instrument试验原型experimental prototype试样specimen试样采集头tester probe试样采集器sampler试样温度specimen temperature试样准备sample preparation信号signal信号片signal film信号发生器signal generator信号发送装置sender unit信号阀signal valve信号放大signal amplification信号控制signal control传感器sensor滤波器filter放大器amplifier调制modulate解调demodulation调制解调器modem记录仪grapher记录系统metering system测量measure测量单位engineering unit测量电桥measuring bridge测量范围effective range测量仪器仪表measuring instrument测定值monitor value测量原理principle of measurement测试车recording truck/test vehicle/testing car测速表tachometer测速计rate meter测试信号spike误差error误差度skewness误差范围error range误差幅度error span误差检查error-detecting误差检验与校正error checking and correction误差界限bounds on error误差校准calibrate for error误差信号error signal误差信号放大器error amplifier误差信号脉冲error pulse误差原因source of error误差指数skewness index随机误差accident error/accidental error/random error 随机变量chance variable/change variable随机采样random sample/grab sample随机取样random随机信号random signal随时间而变化time-dependent随时间而变化的历程time-dependent properties系统误差bias error/system error系统设计system design系统工程system approach系统评述running commentary异常数据abnormal data幅度变化范围range ability。
测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组
测量专业常用英语词汇阿贝比长原理Abbe comparator principle阿达马变换Hadamard transformation安平精度setting accuracy岸台,*固定台base station暗礁reef靶道工程测量target road engineering survey 半导体激光器semiconductor laser半日潮港semidiurnal tidal harbor半色调halftone饱和度saturation北极星任意时角法method by hour angle of Polaris贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid贝叶斯分类Bayesian classification被动式遥感passive remote sensing本初子午线prime meridian比较地图学comparative cartography比较地图学comparative cartography比例尺scale比例量表ratio scaling比例误差proportional error比值变换ratio transformation比值增强ratio enhancement闭合差closing error闭合差closure闭合差closing error闭合差closure闭合导线closed traverse闭合导线closed traverse闭合水准路线closed leveling line闭合水准路线closed leveling line边长中误差mean square error of side length 边交会法linear intersection边角测量triangulateration边角交会法linear-angular intersection边角网triangulateration network边缘检测edge detection边缘增强edge enhancement编绘compilation编绘compilation编绘原图compiled original 编绘原图compiled original变比例投影varioscale projection变换光束测图affine plotting变线仪variomat变形观测控制网control network for deformation observation变形观测控制网control network for deformation observation变形椭圆indicatrix ellipse标称精度nominal accuracy标称精度nominal accuracy标尺rod标尺staff标高差改正correction for skew normals标高差改正correction for skew normals标界测量survey for marking of boundary标志灯,*回光灯signal lamp标准差standard deviation标准配置点Gruber point标准纬线standard parallel冰后回弹post glacial rebound波茨坦重力系统Potsdam gravimetric system波带板zone plate波浪补偿compensation of undulation波浪补偿compensation of undulation波浪补偿heave compensation波浪补偿器,*涌浪滤波器heave compensator波罗-科普原理Porro-Koppe principle波谱测定仪spectrometer波谱集群spectrum cluster波谱特征空间spectrum feature space波谱特征曲线spectrum character curve波谱响应曲线spectrum response curve波束角beam angle波束角wave beam angle泊位Berth补偿器compensator补偿器compensator补偿器补偿误差compensating error of compensator补偿器补偿误差compensating error of compensator布格改正Bouguer correction布格异常Bouguer anomaly布隆斯公式Bruns formula布耶哈马问题Bjerhammar problem采剥工程断面图striping and mining engineering profile采剥工程综合平面图synthetic plan of striping and mining采场测量stope survey采掘工程平面图mining engineering plan采区测量survey in mining panel采区联系测量connection survey in mining panel采区联系测量connection survey in mining panel采样sampling采样间隔sampling interval彩色编码color coding彩色编码color coding彩色变换color transformation彩色变换color transformation彩色复制color reproduction彩色复制color reproduction彩色感光器材color sensitive material彩色感光器材color sensitive material彩色红外片,*假彩色片false color film彩色红外片,*假彩色片color infrared film 彩色红外片,*假彩色片color infrared film 彩色片color film彩色片color film彩色摄影color photography彩色摄影color photography彩色校样color proof彩色校样color proof彩色样图color manuscript彩色样图color manuscript彩色增强color enhancement彩色增强color enhancement彩色坐标系color coordinate system彩色坐标系color coordinate system参考数据reference data参考椭球reference ellipsoid参考效应reference effect参数平差,*间接平差parameter adjustment 侧方交会side intersection侧扫声呐side scan sonar侧视雷达side-locking radar测标[measuring] mark测杆measuring bar测高仪Altimeter测绘标准standards of surveying and mapping测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping测绘学geomatics测绘学SM测绘学surveying and mapping测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping测角中误差mean square error of angle observation测距定位系统,*圆-圆定位系统range positioning system测距雷达range-only radar测距盲区range hole测距仪rangefinder测量标志survey mark测量船survey vessel测量规范specifications of surveys测量控制网surveying control network测量平差adjustment of observation测量平差survey adjustment测量学surveying测流current surveying测流current surveying测深改正correction of depth测深改正correction of depth测深杆sounding pole测深精度total accuracy of sounding测深仪读数精度reading accuracy of sounder测深仪发射参数,*测深仪零线transmiting line of sounder测深仪回波信号echo signal of sounder测深仪记录纸recording paper of sounder测速标marks for measuring velocity测图卫星mapping satellite测微密度计microdensitometer测微目镜micrometer eyepiece测微器micrometer测线survey line测站station测站归心station centring层间改正plate correction觇牌target长度标准检定场standard field of length厂址测量surveying for site selection超导重力仪superconductor gravimeter超焦点距离hyperfocal distance超近摄影测量macrophotogrammetry潮汐表tidal tables潮汐波tidal wave潮汐调和常数tidal harmonic constants潮汐调和分析tidal harmonic analysis潮汐非调和常数tidal nonharmonic constants潮汐非调和分析tidal nonharmonic analysis 潮汐摄动tidal perturbation潮汐因子tidal factor潮汐预报tidal prediction潮信表tidal information panel沉船wreck沉降观测settlement observation成像光谱仪imaging spectrometer成像雷达imaging radar城市测量urban survey城市地形测量urban topographic survey城市地形图topographic map of urban area 城市基础地理信息系统UGIS城市基础地理信息系统urban geographical information system城市控制测量urban control survey城市制图urban mapping乘常数multiplication constant尺度参数scale parameter抽象符号abstract symbol触觉地图tactual map船台,*移动台mobile station垂核面vertical epipolar plane垂核线vertical epipolar line垂球plumb bob垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical垂直角vertical angle垂直折光误差vertical refraction error垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient 垂准仪,*铅垂仪plumb aligner纯重力异常pure gravity anomaly磁变年差annual change of magnetic variation磁测深magnetic sounding磁测深线magnetic sounder磁方位角magnetic azimuth磁力扫海测量magnetic sweeping磁力异常区magnetic anomaly area磁偏角magnetic variation磁倾角magnetic dip磁像限角magnetic bearing磁子午线magnetic meridian粗差gross error粗差检测gross error detection粗码C/A Code粗码Coare/Acquision Code粗码C/A Code粗码Coare/Acquision Code打样Proofing大比例尺测图large scale topographical mapping大潮升spring rise大地测量边值问题geodetic boundary value problem大地测量参考系geodetic reference system 大地测量数据库geodetic database大地测量学geodesy大地测量仪器geodetic instrument大地方位角geodetic azimuth大地高ellipsoidal height大地高geodetic height大地基准geodetic datum大地经度geodetic longitude大地水准面geoid大地水准面高geoidal height大地水准面高geoidal undulation大地天顶延迟atmosphere zenith delay大地天文学geodetic astronomy大地网geodetic network大地纬度geodetic latitude大地线geodesic大地原点geodetic origin大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem大地坐标geodetic coordinate大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system大陆架地形测量continental shelf topographic survey大陆架地形测量continental shelf topographic survey大气传输特性characteristics of atmospheric transmission大气传输特性characteristics of atmospheric transmission大气窗atmospheric window大气改正,*气象改正atmospheric correction 大气透过率atmospheric transmissivity大气噪声atmospheric noise大气阻力摄动atmospheric drag perturbation 大像幅摄影机large format camera大像幅摄影机LFC大洋地势图GEBCO大洋地势图general bathymetric chart of the oceans大圆航线图great circle sailing chart带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics带状平面图zone plan单差相位观测single difference phase observation单点定位point positioning单片坐标量测仪monocomparator单位权unit weight单位权方差,*方差因子variance of unit weight弹道摄影测量ballistic photogrammetry弹道摄影机ballistic camera当地平均海面local mean sea level挡差改正correction of scale difference挡差改正correction of scale difference导标leading beacon 导弹定向测量missile orientation survey导弹试验场工程测量engineering survey of missile test site导航台定位测量navigation station location survey导航台定位测量navigation station location survey导航图navigation chart导航图navigation chart导航线,*叠标线leading line导入高程测量induction height survey导线边traverse leg导线测量traverse survey导线点traverse point导线横向误差lateral error of traverse导线角度闭合差angle closing error of traverse导线结点junction point of traverses导线曲折系数meandering coefficient of traverse导线全长闭合差total length closing error of traverse导线网traverse network导线相对闭合差relative length closing error of traverse导线折角traverse angle导线纵向误差longitudinal error of traverse 岛屿测量island survey岛屿联测island-mainland connection survey 岛屿图island chart倒锤[线]观测,倒锤法inverse plummet observation测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组-2灯[光性]质characteristic of light灯[光性]质characteristic of light灯标light beacon灯船light ship灯船light vessel灯浮标light buoy灯高height of light灯光节奏flashing rhythm of light灯光射程light range灯光遮蔽Eclipse灯光周期light period灯色light color灯塔light house等比线isometric parallel等高距contour interval等高距contour interval等高棱镜contour prism等高棱镜contour prism等高线Contour等高线Contour等高仪astrolabe等积投影equivalent projection等级结构hierarchical organization等角定位格网equiangular positioning grid 等角条件,*正形投影conformal projection 等角条件,*正形投影conformal projection 等精度[曲线]图equiaccuracy chart等距量表interval scaling等距投影equidistant projection等距圆弧格网equilong circle arc grid等量纬度isometric latitude等偏摄影parallel-averted photography等倾摄影equally tilted photography等权代替法method of equalweight substitution等值灰度尺equal value gray scale等值区域图,*分区量值地图choroplethic map等值区域图,*分区量值地图choroplethic map等值线地图isoline map等值线法isoline method低潮线low water line底板测点floor station底点纬度latitude of pedal底色去除under color removal底色增益under color addition底质bottom characteristics底质quality of the bottom底质采样bottom characteristics sampling底质调查bottom characteristics exploration 底质分布图bottom sediment chart地产界测量property boundary survey 地磁经纬仪magnetism theodolite地磁仪magnetometer地底点ground nadir point地固坐标系body-fixed coordinate system地固坐标系earth-fixed coordinate system地基系统ground-based system地极坐标系coordinate system of the pole地极坐标系coordinate system of the pole地籍cadastre地籍cadastre地籍簿land register地籍册cadastral lists地籍册cadastral lists地籍测量cadastral survey地籍测量cadastral survey地籍调查cadastral inventory地籍调查cadastral inventory地籍更新renewal of the cadastre地籍管理cadastral survey manual地籍管理cadastral survey manual地籍图cadastral map地籍图cadastral map地籍修测cadastral revision地籍修测cadastral revision地籍制图cadastral mapping地籍制图cadastral mapping地界测量land boundary survey地壳均衡isostasy地壳均衡改正isostatic correction地壳形变观测crust deformation measurement地壳形变观测crust deformation measurement地块测量parcel survey地类界图land boundary map地理格网geographic grid地理视距geographical viewing distance地理信息传输geographic information communication地理信息系统geographic information system地理信息系统GIS地理坐标geographic graticule地理坐标参考系geographical referencesystem地貌图geomorphological map地貌形态示量图morphometric map地面接收站ground receiving station地面立体测图仪terrestrial stereoplotter地面摄谱仪terrestrial spectrograph地面摄影测量terrestrial photogrammetry地面摄影机terrestrial camera地面实况ground truth地面照度illuminance of ground地名geographical name地名place name地名标准化place-name standardization地名录gazetteer地名数据库place-name database地名索引geographical name index地名通名geographical general name地名学toponomastics地名学toponymy地名转写geographical name transcription地名转写geographical name transliteration 地平线摄影机horizon camera地平线像片horizon photograph地倾斜观测ground tilt measurement地球定向参数earth orientation parameter地球定向参数EOP地球同步卫星geo-synchronous satellite地球椭球earth ellipsoid地球位,*大地位geopotential地球位数geopotential number地球位系数potential coefficient of the earth 地球形状earth shape地球形状Figure of the earth地球仪globe地球引力摄动terrestrial gravitational perturbation地球重力场模型earth gravity model地球资源卫星earth resources technology satellite地球资源卫星ERTS地球自转参数earth rotation parameter地球自转参数ERP地球自转角速度rotational angular velocity of the earth 地势图hypsometric map地图map地图编绘map compilation地图编辑map editing地图编辑大纲map editorial policy地图表示法cartographic presentation地图表示法cartographic presentation地图传输cartographic communication地图传输cartographic communication地图叠置分析map overlay analysis地图分类cartographic classification地图分类cartographic classification地图分析cartographic analysis地图分析cartographic analysis地图符号库map symbols bank地图符号学cartographic semiology地图符号学cartographic semiology地图负载量map load地图复杂性map complexity地图复制map reproduction地图感受map perception地图更新map revision地图集信息系统Atlas information system地图利用map use地图量算法cartometry地图量算法cartometry地图模型,*制图模型cartographic model 地图模型,*制图模型cartographic model 地图内容结构cartographic organization地图内容结构cartographic organization地图判读map interpretation地图评价cartographic evaluation地图评价cartographic evaluation地图潜信息cartographic potential information地图潜信息cartographic potential information地图清晰性map clarity地图色标color chart地图色标color chart地图色标map color standard地图色谱map color atlas地图设计map design地图数据结构map data structure地图数据库cartographic database地图数据库cartographic database地图数字化map digitizing地图投影map projection地图显示map display地图信息cartographic information地图信息cartographic information地图信息系统cartographic information system地图信息系统CIS地图信息系统cartographic information system地图信息系统CIS地图选取cartographic selection地图选取cartographic selection地图学cartography地图学cartography地图研究法cartographic methodology地图研究法cartographic methodology地图易读性map legibility地图印刷map printing地图语法cartographic syntactics地图语法cartographic syntactics地图语言cartographic language地图语言cartographic language地图语义cartographic semantics地图语义cartographic semantics地图语用cartographic pragmatics地图语用cartographic pragmatics地图阅读map reading地图整饰map decoration地图制图map making地图制图软件cartographic software地图制图软件cartographic software地图注记map lettering地下管线测量underground pipeline survey 地下铁道测量subway survey地下铁道测量underground railway survey 地下油库测量underground oil depot survey 地心经度geocentric longitude地心纬度geocentric latitude地心引力常数geocentric gravitational constant地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system 地形测量topographic survey地形底图base map of topography地形改正topographic correction地形数据库topographic database地形图topographic map地形图更新revision of topographic map地形图图式topographic map symbols地震台精密测量precise survey at seismic station地质测量geological survey地质点测量geological point survey地质略图geological scheme地质剖面测量geological profile survey地质剖面图geological section map典型图形平差adjustment of typical figures 点方式point mode点位中误差mean square error of a point点下对中centering under point点下对中centering under point点状符号point symbol电磁波测距electromagnetic distance measurement电磁波测距仪electromagnetic distance measuring instrument电磁传播[时延]改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电磁传播[时延]改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电荷耦合器件CCD电荷耦合器件charge-coupled device电荷耦合器件CCD电荷耦合器件charge-coupled device电离层折射改正ionospheric refraction correction电子测距仪EDM电子测距仪electronic distance measuring instrument电子出版系统electronic publishing system 电子地图集electronic atlas电子分色机color scanner电子分色机color scanner电子海图electronic map电子海图数据库ECDB电子海图数据库electronic chart database电子海图显示和信息系统ECDIS电子海图显示和信息系统electronic chart display and information system电子经纬仪electronic theodolite电子平板仪electronic plane-table电子求积仪electronic planimeter电子水准仪electronic level电子速测仪,*全站仪electronic tachometer 电子显微摄影测量nanophotogrammetry电子显微摄影测量nanophotogrammetry电子相关electronic correlation电子印像机electronic printer调绘Annotation调焦误差error of focusing调频频率modulation frequency调制传递函数modulation transfer function 调制传递函数MTF调制器modulator叠栅条纹图,*莫尔条纹图moirétopography顶板测点roof station定深扫海sweeping at definite depth定位标记positioning mark定位点间距positioning interval定位检索,*开窗检索retrieval by windows 定位统计图表法positioning diagram method定线测量Alignment survey定向连接点connection point定向连接点connection point for orientation 定向连接点connection point定向连接点connection point for orientation 定性检索retrieval by header定影Fixing动感autokinetic effect动画引导animated steering动画制图animated mapping动态定位kinematic positioning独立交会高程点elevation point by independent intersection独立模型法空中三角测量independent model aerial triangulation独立坐标系independent coordinate system 度盘circle 度盘circle断面仪Profiler对景图front view对流层折射改正tropospheric refraction correction对数尺logarithmic scale对中杆centering rod对中杆centering rod多倍仪multiplex多边形地图polygonal map多边形结构polygon structure多边形平差法Adjustment by method of polygon多波束测探multibeam echosounding多波束测探系统multibeam sounding system 多层结构multi layer organization多级纠正multistage rectification多焦点投影polyfocal projection多路径效应multipath effect多媒体地图multimedia map多年平均海面multi-year mean sea level多谱段扫描仪MSS多谱段扫描仪multispectral scanner多谱段摄影multispectral photography多谱段摄影机multispectral camera多谱段遥感multispectral remote sensing多时相分析multi-temporal analysis多时相遥感multi-temporal remote sensing 多星等高法equal-altitude method of multi-star多用途地籍multi-purpose cadastre多余观测redundant observation多圆锥投影polyconic projection厄特沃什效应Eötvös effect二值图像binary image测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组-3发光二极管LED发光二极管light-emitting diode法方程normal equation法方程normal equation法截面normal section法截面normal section法伊改正Faye correction反差Contrast反差Contrast反差系数contrast coefficient反差系数contrast coefficient反差增强contrast enhancement反差增强contrast enhancement反立体效应pseudostereoscopy反射波谱reflectance spectrum反束光导管摄影机return beam vidicon camera反像mirror reverse反像wrong-reading反转片reversal film范围法area method方差-协方差传播律variance-covariance propagation law方差-协方差矩阵variance-covariance matrix 方里网kilometer grid方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位圈compass rose方位圈compass rose方位投影azimuthal projection方向观测法method by series方向观测法method of direction observation 防波堤Breakwater防波堤mole房地产地籍real estates cadastre仿射纠正affine rectification放样测量setting-out survey非地形摄影测量nontopographic photogrammetry非地形摄影测量nontopographic photogrammetry非监督分类unsupervised classification非量测摄影机non-metric camera非量测摄影机non-metric camera菲列罗公式Ferrero's formula分版原图Flaps分瓣投影interrupted projection分层layer分层设色表graduation of tints分层设色法hypsometric layer分潮Constituent 分潮Constituent分潮迟角epoch of partial tide分潮振幅amplitude of partial tide分带纠正zonal rectification分带子午线zone dividing meridian分类器classifier分类器classifier分区统计图表法cartodiagram method分区统计图表法chorisogram method分区统计图表法cartodiagram method分区统计图表法chorisogram method分区统计图表法,*等值区域法cartogram method分区统计图表法,*等值区域法cartogram method分区统计图法,*等值区域法choroplethic method分区统计图法,*等值区域法choroplethic method分色,*分色参考图color separation分色,*分色参考图color separation分析地图analytical map风讯信号杆wind signal pole浮标Buoy浮雕影像地图picto-line map浮子验潮仪float gauge符号化symbolization辐射三角测量radial triangulation辐射线格网radial positioning grid辐射校正radiometric correction辐射遥感器radiation sensor负荷潮load tide负片negative负片negative附参数条件平差condition adjustment with parameters附参数条件平差condition adjustment with parameters附合导线connecting traverse附合导线connecting traverse附合水准路线annexed leveling line附加位additional potential附条件参数平差,*附条件间接平差parameter adjustment with conditions复测法repetition method复垦测量reclaimation survey复照仪reproduction camera副台slave station概率判决函数Probability decision function 概然误差probable error干出礁covers and uncovers rock干出礁covers and uncovers rock干涉雷达INSAR干涉雷达interometry SAR感光sensitization感光材料sensitive material感光测定sensitometry感光度sensitivity感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic transmission感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic transmission感受效果perceptual effect港界harbor boundary港口port港口工程测量harbor engineering survey港湾测量harbor survey港湾锚地图集harbor/anchorage atlas港湾图harbor chart高差仪statoscope高程height高程导线height traverse高程点elevation point高程基准height datum高程控制测量vertical control survey高程控制点vertical control point高程控制网vertical control network高程系统height system高程异常height anomaly高程中误差mean square error of height高度角altitude angle高度角elevation angle高密度数字磁带HDDT高密度数字磁带high density digital tape高斯-克吕格投影Gauss-Krüger projection 高斯平面子午线收敛角Gauss grid convergence高斯平面坐标系Gauss plane coordinate system高斯投影方向改正arc-to-chord correction in Gauss projection高斯中纬度公式Gauss midlatitude formula 格网单元cell格网单元cell跟踪数字化tracing digitizing工厂现状图测量survey of present state at industrial site工程测量engineering survey工程测量学engineering surveying工程经纬仪engineer's theodolite工程控制网engineering control network工程摄影测量engineering photogrammetry 工程水准仪engineer's level工业测量系统industrial measuring system 工业摄影测量industrial photogrammetry公路工程测量road engineering survey功率谱power spectrum共面方程coplanarity equation共面方程coplanarity equation共线方程collinearity equation共线方程collinearity equation构像方程imaging equation古地图ancient map骨架航线,*构架航线,测控条control strip 骨架航线,*构架航线,测控条control strip 固定平极fixed mean pole固定误差fixed error固定相移fixed phase drift固体潮[solid] Earth tide固体激光器solid-state laser管道测量pipe survey管道综合图synthesis chart of pipelines贯通测量holing through survey贯通测量breakthrough survey惯性测量系统inertial surveying system惯性测量系统ISS惯性坐标系inertial coordinate system惯用点conventional name惯用点conventional name灌区平面布置图irrigation layout plan光电测距导线EDM traverse光电测距仪electro-optical distancemeasuring instrument光电等高仪photoelectric astrolabe光电遥感器photoelectric sensor光电中星仪photoelectric transit instrument 光碟,*光盘CD光碟,*光盘compact disc光碟,*光盘CD光碟,*光盘compact disc光谱感光度,*光谱灵敏度spectral sensitivity光圈,*有效孔径Aperture光圈号数f-number光圈号数stop-number光束法空中三角测量bundle aerial triangulation光栅grating广播星历broadcast ephemeris归化纬度reduced latitude归心改正correction for centering归心改正correction for centering归心元素elements of centring龟纹moire规划地图planning map规矩线register mark国际测绘联合会IUSM国际测量师联合会Fédération Internationale des Géométres国际测量师联合会FIG国际大地测量协会IAG国际大地测量协会International Association of Geodesy国际大地测量与地球物理联合会International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics国际大地测量与地球物理联合会IUGG国际地球参考架international terrestrial reference frame国际地球参考架ITRF国际地球自转服务局IERS国际地球自转服务局International Earth Rotation Service国际海道测量组织IHO国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization 国际海图international chart国际航天测量与地球学学院ITC国际矿山测量学会International Society of Mine Surveying国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote S国际摄影测量与遥感学会ISPRS国际天球参考架ICRF国际天球参考架international celestial reference frame国际协议原点CIO国际协议原点Conventional International Origin国际协议原点CIO国际协议原点Conventional International Origin国际原子时IAT国际原子时international atomic time国际制图协会ICA国际制图协会International Cartographic Association国家地图集national atlas国家地图集national atlas国家基础地理信息系统national fundamental geographic information system 国家基础地理信息系统national fundamental geographic information system 海[洋]图集marine atlas海岸coast海岸coast海岸地形测量coast topographic survey海岸地形测量coast topographic survey海岸图coast chart海岸图coast chart海岸线coast line海岸线coast line海岸性质nature of the coast海岸性质nature of the coast海拔height above sea level海道测量,*水道测量hydrographic survey 海道测量学,*水道测量学hydrography海底成像系统seafloor imaging system海底地貌submarine geomorphology海底地貌图submarine geomorphologic chart海底地势图submarine situation chart海底地形测量bathymetric surveying海底地形图bathymetric chart海底地质构造图submarine structural chart 海底电缆submarine cable海底管道submarine pipeline海底控制网submarine control network海底倾斜改正seafloor slope correction海底声标acoustic beacon on bottom海底施工测量submarine construction survey海底隧道测量submarine tunnel survey海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System海军导航卫星系统NNSS海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System海军导航卫星系统NNSS海军勤务测量naval service survey海军勤务测量naval service survey海控点hydrographic control point海流计current meter海流计current meter海面地形sea surface topography海区界线sea area bounding line海区资料调查sea area information investigation海区总图general chart of the sea海图Chart海图Chart海图比例尺Chart scale海图比例尺Chart scale海图编号Chart numbering海图编号Chart numbering海图编制Chart compilation海图编制Chart compilation海图标题Chart title海图标题Chart title海图大改正Chart large correction海图大改正Chart large correction海图分幅Chart subdivision海图分幅Chart subdivision海图改正Chart correction 海图改正Chart correction海图投影Chart projection海图投影Chart projection海图图廓Chart boarder海图图廓Chart boarder海图图式symbols and abbreviations on chart 海图小改正Chart small correction海图小改正Chart small correction海图制图charting海图制图charting海图注记lettering of chart海洋测绘marine charting海洋测绘数据库marine charting database海洋测量marine survey海洋测量定位marine survey positioning海洋磁力测量marine magnetic survey海洋磁力图marine magnetic chart海洋磁力异常marine magnetic anomaly海洋大地测量marine geodetic survey海洋大地测量学marine geodesy海洋工程测量marine engineering survey海洋划界测量marine demarcation survey海洋环境图marine environmental chart海洋气象图marine meteorological chart海洋生物图marine biological chart海洋水文图marine hydrological chart海洋水准测量marine leveling海洋卫星Seasat海洋质子采样器marine bottom proton sampler海洋质子磁力仪marine proton magnetometer海洋重力测量marine gravimetry海洋重力仪marine gravimeter海洋重力异常marine gravity anomaly海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly海洋专题测量marine thematic survey海洋资源图marine resource chart航标表list of lights航带法空中三角测量strip aerial triangulation航道channel航道channel航道fairway航道图navigation channel chart航道图navigation channel chart航高flight height航高flying height航海天文历nautical almanac航海天文历nautical almanac航海通告NM航海通告notice to mariners航海通告NM航海通告notice to mariners航海图nautical chart航海图nautical chart航迹track航空摄谱仪aerial spectrograph航空摄影aerial photography航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry航空摄影机aerial camera航空图aeronautical chart航空遥感aerial remote sensing航空重力测量airborne gravity measurement 航路指南sailing directions航路指南SD航摄计划flight plan of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄漏洞aerial photographic gap航摄软片aerial film航摄像片,航空像片aerial photograph航摄质量quality of aerophotography航速speed航天飞机space shuttle航天摄影space photography航天摄影测量,*太空摄影测量space photogrammetry航天遥感space remote sensing航向course航向course航向倾角longitudinal tilt航向倾角pitch航向重叠end overlap 航向重叠fore-and-aft overlap航向重叠forward overlap航向重叠longitudinal overlap航行通告notice to navigator航行通告notice to navigator航行图sailing chart航行障碍物navigation obstruction航行障碍物navigation obstruction合成地图synthetic map合成孔径雷达SAR合成孔径雷达synthetic aperture radar合点控制vanishing point control河道整治测量river improvement survey河外致密射电源,*类星体extragalactic compact radio source核点epipole核面epipolar plane核线epipolar line核线epipolar ray核线相关epipolar correlation盒式分类法box classification method黑白片black-and-white film黑白摄影black-and-white photography恒时钟sidereal clock恒星摄影机stellar camera恒星时sidereal time恒星中天测时法method of time determination by star transit横断面测量cross-section survey横断面测量cross-section survey横断面图cross-section profile横断面图cross-section profile横轴投影transverse projection红外测距仪infrared EDM instrument红外辐射计infrared radiometer红外片infrared film红外扫描仪infrared scanner红外摄影infrared photography红外图像infrared imagery红外遥感infrared remote sensing后方交会resection湖泊测量lake survey互补色地图anaglyphic map互补色镜anaglyphoscope。
汽车行业专业词汇
1P第一次试生产3C顾客导向)、Competition(竞争导向)、Competence(专长导向)4S零配件, Service, Survey信息反馈5S整理,整顿,清理,清洁,素养8DABAI美国汽车联合会ANAp分配APBa后窗玻璃Be样件资料blo充血的, 有血丝的BMC.认证采购经理人制度CB确认样车制造CC设计变更冻结CCCCCCCh特性矩阵图CO货到付现预付货款(T/T in advance)CP第一次确认样车CP第二次确认样车Cp过程能力指数Cpk=Zmin/3CPCr精致工艺Cr 跨功能小组CUD1:信息收集;8DD2:建立8D小组;D3:制定临时的围堵行动措施,避免不良品流出;D4:定义和证实根本原因,避免再发;D5:根据基本原因制定永久措施;D6:执行和确认永久措施;D7:预防再发,实施永久措施;D8:认可团队和个人的贡献。
DCDF面向装配的设计DO试验设计DQDTDV设计验证计划报告ED电子数据交换en全部的, 完整的, 整个ERES工程规格ES供应商先期参与Ex(工厂交货)、FOB(船上交货)、FAS(船边交货)或CIF(运保费在内交货)FE用户市场实际体验与评估firs一档Flo流程图FMfo四轮驱动FR福特可靠性指导Fr前挡风玻璃Te钢化玻璃fro前轮驱动FS全服务供应商FTGD标准公差GR量具的重复性和再现性gr极度忧伤的he大雨hig疾风HT工装集成调试与验证IPISJITKDKOLa夹层玻璃LP-Lean Production 精益生产LRLSLVMP多用途汽车MRMRMT照图加工供应商N/NCNCND保密协定NDNMNV系统噪音,振动及粗糙性on过去的,从前的OSOT非处方药,可在柜台上卖的药PApa托盘Pa乘用车PA产品属性小组PHPI能力指数百分比PI检测点满意工差百分比PM产品模块小组POPP生产件批准程序PPPQPRPr试生产pr价格引导成本PrPrPr试生产Pr样件QF质量功能展开QFQR质量拒收QSRAre倒车档RF询价RKRLRORO报酬率RORTSASCSD系统/设计说明se二档SFSh出货日、Invoice Date 发票日或On Board Date 装船日Si侧窗玻璃SJSNSO工作申明SPSQSR供应商工程设计更改申请STSTSu分承包商Su天窗玻璃SUTC总持有成本TCTGTGTMTPTT工装验证UOVEVO主机厂VP整车项目计划VQVT供应商工装验证WW凹 concave车lathe抽spot check test出delivery test次defective product调amplitude modulation (AM)调 Frequency Modulation断 flash对interphone法normal plane翻rollover返re-doing防no-skid floor仿emulation副side effect改refitting factory隔heat shield后rear wall side cover划 scratch假dummy间 interstice节pitch point结skinning扭torque汽sketch for automobile layout 汽automobile assembly drawing 汽gasoline feed pipe汽gasoline tank( petrol tank)前front wall angle cover轻light bus曲crankshaft三three type chassis上upper die甚very high frequency (VHF)下bottom die(counter die)消silencer选be superior in material and excelllent in workmanship 仪dash board油throttle褶 crimple整transportation of truck-load总final assembly阻step,reflectro,baffle最speed at maximum torque左left justify报皮纹 grainOT用批量生产的工模器具制造出的样件PV批量试生产TM2T两日试生产,主要是验证供应商的批量供货能力首First article inspection自Self-inspection全100% inspection巡process audit开 out of box audit出 out-going inspection进in-coming inspection例Routine checking确Confirming全 full dimension inspection可 Reliability test 在on-line inspection 线 off-line inspection ba1PP- First Phase of Production Prove-Out 第一次试生产3C Customer(顾客导向)、Competition(竞争导向)、Competence(专长导向)4S Sale, Sparepart零配件, Service, Survey信息反馈5S 整理,整顿,清理,清洁,素养8D- 8 DisciplineABS Anti-lock Braking SystemAIAG 美国汽车联合会ANPQP Alliance New Product Quality ProcedureApportionment 分配APQP Advanced Product Quality PlanBacklite Windshield 后窗玻璃Benchmark Data 样件资料bloodshot adj.充血的, 有血丝的BMW Bavarian Motor WorksC.P.M Certified Purchasing manger 认证采购经理人制度CB- Confirmation Build 确认样车制造CC- Change CutOff 设计变更冻结CC\SC- critical/significant characteristicCCR Concern & Countermeasure RequestCCT Cross Company TeamCharacteristics Matrix 特性矩阵图COD Cash on Delivery 货到付现预付货款(T/T in advance)CP1- Confirmation Prototype 1st 第一次确认样车CP2- Confirmation Prototype 2nd 第二次确认样车Cpk 过程能力指数Cpk=Zmin/3CPO Complementary Parts OrderCraftsmanship 精致工艺Cross-functional teams 跨功能小组CUV Car-Based Ultility VehicleD1:信息收集;8DD2:建立8D小组;D3:制定临时的围堵行动措施,避免不良品流出;D4:定义和证实根本原因,避免再发;D5:根据基本原因制定永久措施;D6:执行和确认永久措施;D7:预防再发,实施永久措施;D8:认可团队和个人的贡献。
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在累计、分类、记录和报告业务事项和交易中遵循的方法、程序和准则。
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Monies thatareduetoavendor(supplier)formerchandiseor servicesrendered.
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由权威机构制定、会计人员应当遵循的各项原则和程序。(又称“会计原则”。)
会计
以货币为单位确认、分类、计量、记录和传递一个经济实体财务性质的交易和事项的过程。
AccountingProfit
Revenuelessallexpenses includedintheentity’s incomestatement.
会计利润
实体的利润表中收入减去全部费用。
AccountingStandards
购置成本
为换取商品或劳务而支付的现金或其他资源的价值。它包括为使资产达到预期用途所需的全部成本。(又称“历史成本”或“原始成本”。)
ActivityDriver
(CostDriver )
Afactorusedtoassigncostfromanactivitytoacostobject.Ameasureofthefrequencyandintensityofuseofanactivitybyacostobject.
CMA考试所用词汇的专业词典
CMA考试所用词汇的专业词典(第一期)
TERM词汇
DEFINITION定义
AbnormalSpoilage
Unacceptableunitsthatarenotexpectedtooccurunderanefficient productionprocess.
非正常损耗
在有效率的生产流程下不应该发生的不合格品数量。
AbsorptionCosting
Acostingsystem thatassigns toinventoryall typesofmanufacturingcosts,includingdirect,indirect,fixedandvariable.(AlsocalledFullAbsorptionCosting.)
管理费用
企业整体在一般营运中所发生的成本,区别于制造成本或销售成本等更为具体的成本。(又称“一般管理费用”。)
TERM词汇
DEFINITION定义
Allocate
Identificationofcostswithcostobjectives;apportioningordistributingcosts toproducts,processes,jobs,ordepartments.
酸性测试比率
用来度量实体使用变现最快的流动资产(不包括存货)以偿付短期债务的能力的比率。(又称速动比率。)
AcquisitionCost
Thevalueofcashorotherresourcesgivenupinexchangeforgoodsorservices.Itincludesallcostsnecessarytogettheassetreadyfor its intendeduse.(AlsocalledHistorical Costor Original Cost.)
作业成本法
该成本计算方法(a)确定成本的发生与各项作业之间的关系,(b)确定各项作业的根本“动因”,(c)建立与各“动因”相关的成本归集点,(d)制定各项作业的成本费率,以及(e)依据消耗的资源(动因)向产品分配成本。
Activity-Based
Management
Managementanddecisionmakingmethodusingactivitybasedcostinginformationinanefforttoimprovecustomer satisfactionandprofitsby enhancingactivities thataddvalueandreducingactivities thatdonotaddvaluetothecustomer.
加速折旧
一种折旧方法,其早期计提的折旧金额大于后期计提的金额。
Accounting
Theprsifying,measuring,recordingandcommunicatinginmonetaryterms transactionsandeventsofaneconomicentitythatareofafinancialcharacter.
分摊,分配
确定成本的各项成本对象;把各项成本分摊或分配给各产品、工序、任 务、或部门。
AllocationBase
Thebasisusedtoassignindirectcoststocostobjects,suchaslaborormachinehours.
分摊基础,分配基数
把间接成本分配给成本对象所依据的基数,诸如人工或机器工时等。
应收帐款
实体以赊帐方式出售商品或提供劳务应从客户收回的账款。
Accounts Receivable
Turnover
Afinancialratiousedtomeasureassetutilizationandacompany’sabilitytocollectcashfromcreditsalestoitscustomers.
权责发生制会计
凡是当期已经赚取的收入和已经发生的费用,不论何时收付现金,都作为当期的(a)收入和(b)费用予以确认和记录的做法。
Accrued
Theaccumulationofincomethatisduebuthasnotbeenreceivedor a costthatis incurredbuthasnotbeenpaidbyanentityduringthe accountingperiod.
吸收成本法
将所有各类制造成本,其中包括直接成本、间接成本、固定成本和变动成本,分配给存货的成本计算方法。(又称“全部吸收成本法”。)
AcceleratedDepreciation
Apatternofdepreciationinwhichtheamountofdepreciationcomputedintheearlyyears isgreaterthantheamounts computedinthelateryears.
作业管理
运用作业成本法的信息进行管理和决策的方法,目的是通过强化能为客户增值的作业、减少不增值的作业,来提高客户满意度和利润。
Actual Cost
Acquisitioncost,historical cost,ororiginal cost.
实际成本
购置成本、历史成本或原始成本。
AdditionalPaid-in
TERM词汇
DEFINITION定义
AccountingSystem
Methods,procedures,andstandardsfollowedinaccumulating, classifying,recordingandreportingbusinesseventsandtransactions.
Capital
Theamountreceivedbyacompanyfromitsshareholdersforpurchaseofsharesofstockabovetheparor statedvalueofthestock.
资本公积
公司从其股东那里收到的超过股票面值或设定价值的购股金额。
AdministrativeExpense
应计
在会计期间,实体尚未收付的应得收入或已发生成本的累积。
TERM词汇
DEFINITION定义
Accumulated
Depreciation
Theamountofdepreciationexpenserelatedtoafixedassetthathasbeenrecognizedasanexpensefrom thedateofacquisitionofthatasset.
作业预算编制
为达到战略目标和改进绩效而量化各项作业和流程并预测其成本的预算方法。
Activity-BasedCosting
(ABC)
Acostingsystem that(a) identifies therelationshipbetweentheincurrenceofcostandactivities,(b)determines theunderlying“driver”of theactivities,(c)establishes costpoolsrelatedtoindividual“drivers,”(d)develops costingrates,and(e)applies costtoproductonthebasisofresources consumed(drivers).
Allowancefor
UncollectibleAccounts
AcontraaccounttoAccountsReceivableestablishedtorecordthe estimatedpercentageofAccountsReceivablethatwillnotbecollected.
AccountsPayable
Turnover
Afinancialratiousedtomeasuretherateatwhichanentitypaysoffits suppliers.