SPSS教程2

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治 疗 前- 治 疗 后
Mean 10.00000
Std. Deviation 11.95361
Std. Error Mean 3.78006
t 2.645
df 9
Sig . (2-tailed) .027
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六、连续变量的统计推断 ——单因素方差分析
• Analyze->Compare Means->One-Way ANOVA • 数据应用条件
SPSS基础应用
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第一章 软件入门与数据管 理
一、SPSS概述
• SPSS
–Statistical Package for Social Sciences –Statistical Product and Service Solution
• SPSS的安装
–
• SPSS的启动
95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound -9.46 -6.06 -11.94 -8.70 6.06 9.46 -4.62 -.50 8.70 11.94 .50 4.62
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
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二、数据管理
• 1 数据录入格式
–同一观测数据独占一行 –同一测量指标占据一列 – “数据录入三步曲”
• 定义变量名 • 指定变量属性 • 录入数据
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2 数据的直接录入
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三、集中量数、差异量数与统计图表
Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.30.
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END
ANOVA Miles per Gallon Sum of Squares 7984.957 16056.415 24041.372 df 2 394 396 Mean Square 3992.479 40.752 F 97.969 Sig . .000
Between Groups Within Groups Total
Descriptive Statistics N 体 重 Valid N (listwise) 67 67 Minimum 40.00 Maximum 130.00 Mean 59.0149 Std. Deviation 16.63079
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Correlations 身 高 身 高 Pearson Correlation Sig . (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig . (2-tailed) N 1 67 .610** .000 67 体 重 .610** .000 67 1 67
Gender
Female Male
Total
Count Expected Count Count Expected Count Count Expected Count
Total 216 216.0 258 258.0 474 474.0
Chi-Square Tests Value 79.277a 95.463 474 df 2 2 Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) .000 .000
–独立随机抽样
• 实验设计
–各水平下因变量正态分布
• 直方图 • K-S单样本检验（Kolomogorov-Simirnov One-Sample Test）
–各水平下总体方差齐性
• 初步判断：最大/最小方差之比小于3
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Test of Homogeneity of Variances Miles per Gallon Levene Statistic .106 df1 2 df2 394 Sig . .900
• 质量相关、品质相关
–Data——〉Weight Cases…… –Analyze——〉Descriptive Statics——〉 Crosstabs……Statistics——〉
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Descriptive Statistics N 身 高 Valid N (listwise) 67 67 Minimum 150.00 Maximum 182.00 Mean 167.4179 Std. Deviation 8.15457
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One-Sample Statistics N weight 9 Mean 99.9778 Std. Deviation 1.21221 Std. Error Mean .40407
One-Sample Test Test Value = 100 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper -.9540 .9096
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Descriptive Statistics N 成 绩 Valid N (listwise) 100 100 Minimum 62.0 Maximum 98.0 Mean 79.680 Std. Deviation 7.0265
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四、相关分析
• 皮尔逊积差相关、斯皮尔曼等级相关
–Analyze——〉Correlate——〉Bivariate……
Std. Error Difference 2.56861 2.56861
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Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 1.44890 18.55110
F score Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed .733
Sig . .397
t 3.056 3.056
df 38 35.290
Sig . (2-tailed) .004 .004
Mean Difference 7.85000 7.85000
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Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Miles per Gallon LSD Mean Difference (I-J) -7.763* -10.322* 7.763* -2.559* 10.322* 2.559*
(I) Country of Orig in American European Japanese
–Analyze->Compare Means->One-Sample T Test
• 2 平均数差异的显著性检验
–独立样本
• Analyze->Compare Means-> Independent-Samples T Test
–相关样本
• Analyze->Compare Means-> Paired-Samples T Test
Phi Cramer's V
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
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五、连续变量的统计推断——t检验
• 1 平均数的显著性检验
Test Statistics Employment Category 3.492 2 .174
Chi-Squarea df Asymp. Sig.
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 23.7.
weight
t -.055
df 8
Sig . (2-tailed) .957
Mean Difference -.02222
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Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Eq uality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 2.65012 2.63697 13.04988 13.06303
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七、无序分类变量的统计推断 ——χ 2检验
• χ 2配合度检验
–Analyze->Nonparametric Tests->Chi-Square
• χ 2独立性检验
–Analyze->Descriptive Statistics->Crosstabs
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Employment Category Clerical Custodial Manager Total Observed N 363 27 84 474 Expected N 379.2 23.7 71.1 Residual -16.2 3.3 12.9
(J) Country of Origin European Japanese American Japanese American European